Chapter V: Front Matter (5)

15 The Queen, that is, a fine white sprinkled with bloud red
spots, and greater strakes.

_Tulipa præcox purpurea._

1 _Purpurea satura rubescens, vel violacea._

2 _Purpurea pallida, Columbina dicta._

3 _Persici coloris saturi._

4 _Persici coloris Pallidioris._

5 _Paeoniæ floris coloris._

6 _Rosea._

7 _Chermesiua peramæna._

8 _Chermesiua parum striata._

9 _Princeps, i.e. purpurea saturatior vel dilutior, oris albis magnis vel paruis, fundo luteo, vel albo orbe, quæ multum variatur, & colore, & oris, ita vt purpurea elegans oris magnis albis; dicta est, Princeps excellens, &_

10 _Princeps Columbina, purpurea dilutior._

11 _Purpurea Chermesina, rubicandioris coloris, albidis vel albis oris._

12 _Purpurea, vel obsoleta albidis oris Princeps Brancion._

13 _Purpurea diluta, oris dilutioris purpurei coloris._

14 _Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo._

15 _Purpurea albo plumata extra, oris albis, purpurascens intus, fundo luteo, vel orbe albo._

16 _Alia, minus elegans plumata, minoribusq., oris albidis._

The early purple Tulipa.

1 A reddish purple, or more violet.

2 A pale purple, called a Doue colour.

3 A deep Peach colour.

4 A paler Peach colour.

5 A Peony flower colour.

6 A Rose colour.

7 A Crimson very bright.

8 A Crimson stript with a little white.

9 A Prince or Bracklar, that is, a deepe or pale purple, with
white edges, greater or smaller, and a yellow bottome, or
circled with white, which varieth much, both in the purple &
edges, so that a faire deep purple, with great white edges,
is called, The best or chiefe Prince, and

10 A paler purple with white edges, called a Doue coloured
Prince.

11 A Crimson Prince or Bracklar.

12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brancion.

13 A purple with more pale purple edges.

14 Purple without, and blush halfe way within, with white
edges, and a yellow bottome.

15 Purple feathered with white on the out side, with white
edges, and pale purple within, the ground being a little
yellow, or circled with white.

16 Another very neere vnto it, but not so fairely feathered,
being more obscure, and the edges not so great or whitish.

_Tulipa præcox rubra._

1 _Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo, aliquando nigro._

2 _Rubra satura oris luteis paruis, dicta Roan._

3 _Baro, i. e. rubra magis intensa, oris luteis paruis._

4 _Dux maior & minor, i.e. rubra magis aut minus elegans satura, oris luteis maximis vel minoribus, & fundo luteo magno. Alia alijs est magis amœna, in alijs etiam fundo nigro vel obscuro viridi._

5 _Ducissa, i. e. Duci similis, at plus lutei quàm rubri, oris magnis luteis, & rubore magis aut minus intus in gyrum acto, fundo item luteo magno._

6 _Testamentum Brancion i.e., rubra sanguinea satura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, magnis vel paruis: alia alijs magis aut minus elegans diuersimodo._

7 _Flambans, ex rubore & flauedine radiata, vel striata fundo luteo._

8 _Mali Aurantij coloris, ex rubore, & flauedinè integre, non separatim mixta, oris luteis paruis, vel absq., oris._

9 _Minij, siue Cinabaris coloris, i.e. ex purpurea, rubedine, & flauedine radiata, vnguibus luteis, & aliquando oris._

10 _Rex Tuliparum, i.e. ex sanguineo & aureo radiatim mixta, à flammea diuersa, fundo luteo, orbe rubro._

11 _Tunica Morionis, i.e. ex rubore & aureo separatim diuersa._

The early red Tulipa.

1 An ordinary red, with a yellow, & sometimes a blacke
bottome.

2 A deep red, with a small edge of yellow, called a Roane.

3 A Baron, that is, a faire red with a small yellow edge.

4 A Duke, a greater and a lesser, that is, a more or less
faire deep red, with greater or lesser yellow edges, and a
great yellow bottome. Some of this sort are much more or
lesse faire then others, some also haue a blacke or darke
greene bottome.

5 A Dutchesse, that is like vnto the Duke, but more yellow
then red, with greater yellow edges, and the red more or
lesse circling the middle of the flower on the inside, with a
large yellow bottome.

6 A Testament Brancion, or a Brancion Duke, that is, a
faire deepe red, or lesse red, with a pale yellow or butter
coloured edge, some larger others smaller: and some more
pleasing then others, in a very variable manner.

7 A Flambant, differing from the Dutchesse; for this hath no
such great yellow edge, but streaks of yellow through the
leafe vnto the very edge.

8 An Orenge colour, that is, a reddish yellow, or a red and
yellow equally mixed, with small yellow edges, and sometimes
without.

9 A Vermillion, that is, a purplish red, streamed with
yellow, the bottome yellow, and sometimes the edges.

10 The Kings flower, that is, a crimson or bloud red,
streamed with a gold yellow, differing from the Flambant, the
bottome yellow, circled with red.

11 A Fooles coate, parted with red and yellow guardes.

_Tulipa præcox lutea._

1 _Lutea siue flaua._

2 _Pallida lutea siue straminea._

3 _Aurea, oris rubicundis._

4 _Straminea, oris rubris._

5 _Aurea, rubore perfusa extra._

6 _Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gyrum acta simillima Ducissæ, nisi minus rubedinis habet._

7 _Aurea, extremitatibus rubris, dici potest, Morionis Pilæus præcox._

The early yellow Tulipa.

1 A faire gold yellow without mixture.

2 A strawe colour.

3 A faire yellow with reddish edges.

4 A strawe colour, with red edges.

5 A faire yellow, reddish on the out side onely.

6 A gold or paler yellow, circled on the inside a little with
red, very like the Dutchesse, but that it hath lesse red
therein.

7 A gold yellow with red toppes, and may be called, The early
Fooles Cap.

_Tulipa de Caffa._ The Tulipa of Caffa.

There is another sort or kinde of early Tulipa, differing from the former, whose pale greene leaues being as broad and large as they, and sometimes crumpled or waued at the edges, in some haue the edges onely of the said leaues for a good breadth, of a whitish or whitish yellow colour, and in others, the leaues are lifted or parted with whitish yellow and greene: the stalke riseth not vp so high as the former, and beareth a flower at the toppe like vnto the former, in some of a reddish yellow colour, with a russet coloured ground or bottome, and in others, of other seuerall colours: the seede and roote is so like vnto others of this kinde, that they cannot be distinguished.

There is (as I doe heare) of this kinde, both _Præcoces_ and _Serotinæ_ early flowring, and late flowring, whereof although wee haue not so exact knowledge, as of the rest, yet I thought good to speake so much, as I could hitherto vnderstand of them, and giue others leaue (if I doe not) hereafter to amplifie it.

_Tulipa Boloniensis, siue Bombycina flore rubro major._ The greater red Bolonia Tulipa.

There are likewise other kindes of early Tulipas to bee spoken of, and first of the red Bolonia Tulipa; the roote whereof is plainly discerned, to be differing from all others: for that it is longer, and not hauing so plaine an eminence at the bottome thereof, as the former and later Tulipas, but more especially because the toppe is plentifully stored with a yellowish silke-like woollinesse: the outside likewise or skinne is of a brighter or paler red, not so easie to be pilled away, and runneth vnder ground both downeright and sidewise (especially in the countrey ground and ayre, where it will encrease aboundantly, but not either in our London ayre, or forc’t grounds) somewhat like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa next following. It shooteth out of the ground with broad and long leaues, like the former; but neither so broad, nor of so white or mealy a greene colour as the former, but more darke then the late flowring Tulipa, so that this may bee easily discerned by his leafe from any other Tulipa aboue the ground, by one that is skilfull. It beareth likewise three or foure leaues vpon the stalke, like the former, and a flower also at the toppe of the same fashion, but that the leaues hereof are alwayes long, and somewhat narrow, hauing a large blacke bottome, made like vnto a cheuerne, the point whereof riseth vp vnto the middle of the leafe, higher then any other Tulipa; the flower is of a pale red colour, nothing so liuely as in the early or late red Tulipas, yet sweeter for the most part then any of them, and neerest vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, which is much about the same sent.

_Tulipa pumilio rubra, siue Bergomensis rubra media & minor._ The dwarfe red Bergomo Tulipa, a bigger and a lesser.

There are two other sorts hereof, and because they were found about Bergomo, do carry that name, the one bigger or lesser then another, yet neither so great as the former, hauing very little other difference to bee obserued in them, then that they are smaller in all parts of them.

_Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo._ The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.

The roote of this Tulipa may likewise bee knowne from the former red (or any other Tulipa) in that it seldome commeth to bee so bigge, and is not so woolly at the toppe, and the skinne or outside is somewhat paler, harder, and sharper pointed: but the bottome is like the former red, and not so eminent as the early or late Tulipas. This beareth much longer and narrower leaues then any (except the Persian & dwarfe yellow Tulipas) and of a whitish greene colour: it beareth sometimes but one flower on a stalke, and sometimes two or three wholly yellow, but smaller, & more open then the other kinds, and (as I said) smelleth sweete, the head for seede is smaller then in others, and hath not that crowne at the head thereof yet the seed is like, but smaller.

_Tulipa Narbonensis, siue Monspeliensis vel pumilio._ The French or dwarfe yellow Tulipa.

This Tulipa is very like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, both in roote, leafe, and flower, as also in the colour thereof, being yellow: the onely difference is, that it is in all things lesser and lower, and is not so apt to beare, nor so plentifull to encrease by the roote.

_Tulipa Italica maior & minor._ The Italian Tulipa the greater and the lesser.

Both these kindes of Tulipas doe so neere resemble the last kinde, that I might almost say they were the same, but that some difference which I saw in them, maketh mee set them apart; and consisteth in these things, the stalkes of neither of both these rise so high, as of the first yellow Bolonia Tulipa: the leaues of both sorts are writhed in and out at the edges, or made like a waue of the sea, lying neerer the ground, and the flower being yellow within, is brownish or reddish on the backe, in the middle of the three outer leaues the edges appearing yellow. Both these kindes doe differ one from the other in nothing, but in that one is bigger, and the other smaller then the other which I saw with Iohn Tradescante, my very good friend often remembred.

_Tulipa Lusitanica, siue pumilio versicolor._ The dwarfe stript Tulipa.

This dwarfe Tulipa is also of the same kindred with the three last described; for there is no other difference in this from them, then that the flower hath some red veins running in the leaues thereof.

There are two other sorts of dwarfe Tulipas with white flowers, whereof Lobel hath made mention in the Appendix to his _Aduersaria_; the one whereof is the same that Clusius setteth forth, vnder the title of _Pumilio altera_: but because I haue not seen either of them both, I speake no further of them.

_Tulipa pumilio alba._ The white dwarfe Tulipa.

But that white flower that Iohn Tradescante shewed me, and as hee saith, was deliuered him for a white Pumilio, had a stalke longer then they set out theirs to haue, and the flower also larger, but yet had narrower leaues then other sorts of white Tulipas haue.

_Tulipa Bicolor._ The small party coloured Tulipa.

Vnto these kindes, I may well adde this kinde of Tulipa also, which was sent out of Italy, whose leaues are small, long, and narrow, and of a darke greene colour, somewhat like vnto the leaues of an Hyacinth: the flower is small also, consisting of sixe leaues, as all other Tulipas doe, three whereof are wholly of a red colour, and the other three wholly of a yellow.

1 _Tulipa Bombycina flore rubro._ The red Bolonia Tulipa.
2 _Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo._ The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.
3 _Tulipa pumilio rubra siue lutea._ The red or yellow dwarfe Tulipa.
4 _Folium Tulipa de Cassa per totum striuatum._ The leafe of the
Tulipa of Cassa striped throughout the whole leafe.
5 _Folium Tulipa Cassa per oras striatum._ The leafe of the Tulipa of
Cassa striped at the edges onely.
6 _Tulipa Persica._ The Persian Tulipa.
7 _Tulipa Cretica._ The Tulipa of Candie.
8 _Tulipa Armeniaca._ The Tulipa of Amenia.
]

_Tulipa Persica._ The Persian Tulipa.

This rare Tulipa, wherewith we haue beene but lately acquainted, doth most fitly deserue to be described in this place, because it doth so neerely participate with the Bolonia and Italian Tulipas, in roote, leafe, and flower: the roote hereof is small, couered with a thicke hard blackish shell or skinne, with a yellowish woollinesse both at the toppe, and vnder the shell. It riseth out of the ground at the first, with one very long and small round leafe, which when it is three or foure inches high, doth open it selfe, and shew forth another small leafe (as long almost as the former) breaking out of the one side thereat, and after it a third, and sometimes a fourth, and a fift; but each shorter then other, which afterwards be of the breadth of the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, or somewhat broader but much longer then any other, and abiding more hollow, and of the colour of the early Tulipas on the inside: the stalke riseth vp a foot and a halfe high sometimes, bearing one flower thereon, composed of sixe long and pointed leaues of the forme of other small Tulipas, and not shewing much bigger then the yellow Italian Tulipa, and, is wholly white, both inside and outside of all the leaues, except the three outtermost, which haue on the backe of them, from the middle toward the edges, a shew of a brownish blush or pale red colour, yet deeper in the midst, and the edges remaining wholly white: the bottomes of all these leaues are of a darke or dun tawnie colour, and the chiues and tippes of a darkish purple or tawnie also. This doth beare seed but seldome in our country, that euer I could vnderstand, but when it doth, it is small like vnto the Bolonia or dwarfe yellow Tulipas, being not so plentifull also in parting, or setting of by the roote as they, and neuer groweth nor abideth so great as it is brought vnto vs, and seldome likewise flowreth after the first yeare: for the rootes for the most part with euery one grow lesse and lesse, decaying euery yeare, and so perish for the most part by reason of the frosts and cold, and yet they haue been set deepe to defend them, although of their owne nature they will runne downe deep into the ground.

_Tulipa Byzantina duobus floribus Clusij._ The small Tulipa of Constantinople.

The small Tulipa of Constantinople, beareth for the most part but two leaues on the stalke, which are faire and broad, almost like vnto the Candy Tulipa, next hereunto to be described: the stalke it selfe riseth not aboue a foote high, bearing sometimes but one flower, but most commonly two thereon, one below another, and are no bigger then the flowers of the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, but differing in colour; for this is on the outside of a purplish colour, mixed with white and greene, and on the inside of a faire blush colour, the bottome and chiues being yellow, and the tippes or pendents blackish: the roote is very like the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.

_Tulipa Cretica._ The Tulipa of Candie.

This Tulipa is of later knowledge with vs then the Persian, but doth more hardly thriue, in regard of our cold climate; the description whereof, for so much as wee haue knowledge, by the sight of the roote and leafe, and relation from others of the flower, (for I haue not yet heard that it hath very often flowred in our Country) is as followeth. It beareth faire broad leaues, resembling the leaues of a Lilly, of a greenish colour, and not very whitish: the stalke beareth thereon one flower, larger and more open then many other, which is either wholly white, or of a deepe red colour, or else is variably mixed, white with a fine reddish purple, the bottomes being yellow, with purplish chiues tipt with blackish pendents: the roote is small, and somewhat like the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, but somewhat bigger.

_Tulipa Armeniaca._ The Tulipa of Armenia.

This small Tulipa is much differing from all the former (except the small or dwarfe white Tulipas remembred by Lobel and Clusius, as is before set downe) in that it beareth three or foure small, long, and somewhat narrow greene leaues, altogether at one ioynt or place; the stalke being not high, and naked or without leaues from them to the toppe, where it beareth one small flower like vnto an ordinary red Tulipa, but somewhat more yellow, tending to an Orenge colour with a blacke bottome: the roote is not much bigger then the ordinary yellow Bolonia Tulipa, before set downe.

And these are the sorts of this first _Classis_ of early Tulipas.

_Tulipa Media._ The meaner or middle flowring Tulipa.

For any other, or further description of this kinde of Tulipa, it shall not neede, hauing giuen it sufficiently in the former early Tulipa, the maine difference consisting first in the time of flowring, which is about a moneth after the early Tulipas, yet some more some lesse; for euen in the _Præcoces_, or early ones, some flower a little earlier, and later then others, and then in the colours of the flowers; for wee haue obserued many colours, and mixtures, or varieties of colours in the _Medias_, which we could neuer see in the _Præcoces_, and so also some in the _Præcoces_, which are not in the _Medias_: yet there is farre greater varieties of mixture of colours in these _Medias_, then hath been obserued in all the _Præcoces_, (although Clusius saith otherwise) eyther by my selfe, or by any other that I haue conuersed with about this matter, and all this hath happened by the sowing of the seede, as I said before. I will therefore in this place not trouble you with any further circumstance, then to distinguish them, as I haue done in the former early Tulipas, into their foure primary colours, and vnder them, giue you their seuerall varieties and names, for so much as hath come to my knowledge, not doubting, but that many that haue trauelled in the sowing of the seed of Tulipas many yeares, may obserue each of them to haue some variety that others haue not: and therefore I thinke no one man can come to the knowledge of all particular distinctions.

_Tulipa media alba._

1 _Niuea, fundo albo vel luteo._

2 _Argentea, quasi alba cineracea fundo lutescente, purpureis staminibus._

3 _Margaritina alba, carneo dilutissima._

4 _Alba, fundo cæruleo vel nigro._

5 _Albida._

6 _Alba, oris rubris._ {_Hæc tria genera in {in aliquibus 7 _Alba, purpureis oris._ {constantertenent {tenent oras, in 8 _Alba, oris coccineis._ {alijs dispergunt._

9 _Albida primum, deinde albidior, oris purpureis, & venis intrò respicientibus, dicta nobis Hackquenay._

10 _Alba, sanguineo colore variata, fundo vel albissimo, vel alio._

11 _Alba, radiatim disposita flammis, & maculis coccineis._

12 _Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata, diuersarum specierum, quæ cum superiore, vel albo, vel luteo, vel paruo cæruleo constant fundo, quæ constanter tenent punctatos colores, & non dispergunt, sed post trium aut quatuor dierum spatium pulchriores apparent._

13 _Panni argentei coloris, i.e. alba, plumata, punctata, striata, vel diuersimodè variata, rubedine dilutiore, vel saturatiore purpurea, interius vel exterius, vel vtrinq., diuersarum specierum._

14 _Tunica morionis alba varia, i.e. ex albo & purpureo striata diuersimodè, fundo albo vel alio._

15 _Holias alba vel albida, absq., fundo, vel fundo purpureo cæruleo, vel cæruleo albo circundato, diuersè signata, vel variata intus ad medietatem foliorum, sursum in orbem vt plurimum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas & albas. Hæ species tantoperè multiplicantur, vt vix sint explicabiles._

_Tanta est huius varietas, vel multitudine, vel striarum paucitate & distinctione, vel fundis variantibus, vt ad tædium esset perscribere._

The white meane flowring Tulipa.

1 A snow white, with a white or yellow bottome.

2 A siluer colour, that is, a very pale or whitish ashe
colour, with a yellowish bottome and purple chiues.

3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a wash or shew of
blush.

4 A white, with a blew or blacke bottome.

5 A Creame colour.

6 A white, with red edges. {These three sorts
{doe hold their
7 A white, with purple edges. {their edges constant
{in some, but well
8 A white, with crimson edges. {spread in others.

9 A pale or whitish yellow, which after a few dayes groweth
more white, with purplish red edges, and some streakes
running inward from the edge, which we call an Hackney.

10 A white mixed with a bloud red very variably, and with a
pure white, or other coloured bottome.

11 A white, streamed with crimson flames, and spots through
the whole flower.

12 A white, speckled with a reddish purple, more or lesse, of
diuers sorts, with white, yellow, or blew bottomes, all which
doe hold their markes constant, and doe not spread their
colours, but shew fairer after they haue stood blown three or
foure dayes.

13 A cloth of siluer of diuers sorts, that is, a white
spotted, striped, or otherwise marked with red or purple, in
some paler, in some deeper, either on the inside, or on the
outside, or on both.

14 A white Fooles coate of diuers sorts, that is, purple or
pale crimson, and white, as it were empaled together, eyther
with a white ground or other, whereof there is great variety.

15 A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or paler white,
eyther without a bottome, or with a blewish purple bottome,
or blew and white circling the bottome, and from the middle
vpwards, speckled and straked on the inside for the most
part, with bloud red or purplish spots and lines vnto the
very edges, which abide large and white. Of this kinde there
are found very great varieties, not to be expressed.

Of this sort there is so much variety, some being larger or
fairer marked then others, their bottomes also varying, that
it is almost impossible to express them.

_Tulipa media purpurea._

1 _Purpurea satura._

2 _Purpurea dilutior, diuersarum specierum, quarum Rosea vna, Carnea sit altera._

3 _Persicicoloris, duarum aut trium specierum._

4 _Chermesina, obscura aut pallida._

5 _Stamela, intensior aut remissior._

6 _Xerampelina._

7 _Purpurea, striata._

8 _Persici saturi, vel diluti coloris, vndulata, vel radiata._

9 _Columbina, oris & radijs albis._

10 _Purpurea rubra, oris, albis, similis Præcoci, dicta Princeps._

11 _Chermesina, vel Heluola, lineis albis in medio, & versus oras, fundo cæruleo, vel albo, itemq., albo orbe._

12 _Purpurea remissior, aut intensior, oris albis, paruis aut magnis, vt in Principe præcoci, fundo vel cæruleo, orbe albo, vel albo orbe cæruleo amplo._

13 _Holias Heluola, sanguineis guttis intus à medio sursum in orbem, fundo cæruleo._

14 _Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra satura, albido striata, quam in alba saturatior, fundo ex cæruleo & albo._

15 _Purpurea rubra satura vel diluta, albo vel albedine, punctata vel striata diuersimodè, dicta Cariophyllata._

The meane flowring purple Tulipa.

1 A faire deep purple.

2 A paler purple, of many sorts, whereof a Rose colour is
one, a Blush another.

3 A Peach colour of two or three sorts.

4 A Crimson, deepe, or pale.

5 A Stamell, darke or light.

6 A Murrey.

7 A purple, stript and spotted.

8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued or stript.

9 A Doue colour, edged and straked with white.

10 A faire red purple, with white edges, like vnto the early
Tulipa, called a Prince.

11 A faire crimson, or Claret wine colour, with white lines
both in the middle, and towards the edges, most haue a blew
bottome, yet some are white, or circled with white.

12 A light or deepe purple, with white edges, greater or
smaller, like the early Prince, the bottomes eyther blew
circled with white, or white circled with a large blew.

13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale Claret wine, marked
and spotted with bloud red spots, round about the middle of
each leafe vpward on the inside onely, the bottome being blew.

14 A Crimson Fooles Coate, a darke crimson, and pale white
empaled together, differing from the white Fooles Coate, the
bottome blew and white.

15 A deeper or paler reddish purple, spotted or striped
with a paler or purer white, of diuers sorts, called the
Gilloflower Tulipa.

1 _Tulipa rubra & lutea varia._ The Fooles Coate red and yellow.
2 _Tulipa Holeas alba absq. fundo._ The white Holeas without a
bottome.
3 _Tulipa argentea, vel punctata, &c._ The cloth of siluer, or other
spotted Tulipa.
4 _Tulipa alba flammis coccineis._ The white Fooles Coate.
5 _Tulipa Holeas alba, &c. fundo purpureo, &c._ A white Holeas, &c.
with a purple bottome, &c.
6 _Tulipa rubra & lutea flammea, &c._ A red and yellow flamed Tulipa,
&c.
7 _Tulipa alba striata & punctata._ A white striped and spotted
Tulipa.
8 _Tulipa altera variata, &c._ Another variable Tulipa.
]

_Tulipa media rubra._

1 _Rubra communis, fundo luteo, vel nigro._

2 _Mali Aurantij coloris._

3 _Cinabaris coloris._

4 _Lateritij coloris._

5 _Rubra, luteo aspersa._

6 _Rubra, oris luteis._

7 _Testamentum Brancion rubra satura, oris pallidis, diuersarum specierum, rubore variantium, & orarum amplitudine._

8 _Cinabaris radiata, magis aut minus serotina._

9 _Rubra purpurascens obsoleta exterioribus folijs, perfusa luteo intus, oris pallidis luteis._

10 _Rubra purpurascens elegans extra & intus lutescens, oris pallidis luteis, fundo luteo vel viridi._

11 _Rubra flambans coccinea, crebris maculis luteis absq. fundo._

12 _Flambans elegantior rubra, i.e. radijs luteis intercursantibus ruborem._

13 _Flambans remissior vtroq. colore._

14 _Panni aurei coloris._

15 _Tunica Morionis verior, seu Palto du Sot. optima, tænijs amplis amœnis & crebris, exrubro & flauo separatim diuisis & excurrentibus, flos constans._

16 _Tunica Morionis altera, tænijs minoribus & minus frequentibus, magis aut minus alia alijs inconstans._

17 _Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tænijs vel strijs frequentioribus in vtroq. colore pallidis, flos est constans & elegans._

18 _Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus, fundo luteo, apicibus luteis, & tribus exterioribus folijs luteis oris rubris, vel absq. oris._

19 _Le Suisse, tænijs radiata magnis ex rubore & pallore._

20 _Altera dicta Goliah à floris magnitudine, tænijs radiata simillima le Suisse, nisi rubor & albedo sint elegantiores._

21 _Holias rubra, i.e. sanguinea argenteis radijs, & guttis in orbem dispositis, præsertim interiùs, fundo viridi saturo._

22 _Holias coccinea, rubra coccinea, albo radiata in orbem, circa medium foliorum interiùs, fundo albo._

23 _Alia huic similis, fundo albo & cæruleo._

The meane flowring red Tulipa.

1 A faire red which is ordinary, with a yellow or blacke
bottome.

2 A deepe Orenge colour.

3 A Vermillion.

4 A pale red, or Bricke colour.

5 A Gingeline colour.

6 A red with small yellow edges.

7 A Testament Brancion of diuers sorts, differing both in the
deepnesse of the red, and largenesse of the pale coloured
edges.

8 A Vermillion flamed, flowring later or earlier.

9 A dead purplish red without, and of a yellowish red within,
with pale yellow edges.

10 A bright Crimson red on the outside, more yellowish on
the inside, with pale yellow edges, and a bottome yellow or
greene.

11 A red Flambant, spotted thicke with yellow spots without
any bottome.

12 A more excellent red Flambant, with flames of yellow
running through the red.

13 A pale coloured Flambant.

14 A cloth of gold colour.

15 A true Fooles Coate, the best is a faire red & a faire
yellow, parted into guards euery one apart, varied through
euery leafe to the very edge, yet in most abiding constant.

16 Another Fooles Coate, not so fairely marked, nor so much,
some of these are more or lesse constant in their marks, &
some more variable then others.

17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale red, and pale
yellow guardes or stripes very faire and constant.

18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lists or stripes of yellow
running through the middle of euery leafe of the red, broader
at the bottome then aboue, the bottome being yellow, the
three outer leaues being yellow with red edges, or without.

19 A Swisse, pained with a faire red and pale white or strawe
colour.

20 A Goliah, so called of the bignesse of the flower, most
like to the Swisse in the marks and guardes, but that the red
and white is more liuely.

21 A red Holias. A bloud red stript with siluer white veines
and spots, with a darke green bottome.

22 A Crimson red Holias, that is, a faire purplish red,
spotted with white circlewise about the middle of the inner
leaues, and a white bottome.

23 Another like thereunto, with a blew and white bottome.

1 _Tulipa tricolor._ A Tulipa of three colours.
2 _Tulipa Macedonica, siue de Caffa varia._ The Tulipa of Caffa
purple, with pale white stripes.
3 _Tulipa Heluola chermesina versicolor._ A pure Claret wine colour
variable.
4 _Tulipa Caryophyllata Wilmeri._ Mr. Wilmers Gilloflower Tulipa.
5 _Tulipa Chermesina flammis albis._ A Crimson with white flames.
6 _Tulipa Goliah._ A kind of Zwisser called Goliah.
7 _Tulipa le Zwisse._ A Tulipa called the Zwisser.
8 _Tulipa alba flammis coccineis._ Another white Flambant or Fooles
Coate.
9 _Tulipa Cinnabarina albo flammata._ The Vermillion flamed.
10 _Tulipa plumata rubra & lutea._ The feathered Tulipa red and
yellow.
]

_Tulipa media lutea._

1 _Lutea, siue Aurea vulgaris._

2 _Straminea._

3 _Sulphurea._

4 _Mali Aurantij pallidi coloris._

5 _Lutea dilutè purpurea striata, aurei panni pallidi instar._

6 _Pallidè lutea fuscedine adumbrata._

7 _Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis._

8 _Straminea oris rubris magnis intensis, vel paruis remissis._

9 _Obscura & fuliginosa lutea, instar Folij decidui, ideoq. Folium mortuum appellatur._

10 _Flaua, rubore perfusa, etiamque striata per totum, dorso coccineo, oris pallidis._

11 _Pallidè lutea, perfusa & magis aut minus rubore striata, fundo vel luteo, vel viridi._

12 _Testamentum Clusij, i.e. lutea pallida fuligine obfusca, exteriùs & interiùs ad oras vsq. pallidas, per totum vero floris medium, maculis interiùs aspersa instar omnium aliarum Holias, dorso obscuriore, fundo viridi._

13 _Flambans lutea, diuersimodè intus magis aut minus striata, vel in alijs extra maculata rubore, fundo vt plurimum nigro, vel in alijs luteo._

14 _Flambans pallidior & elegantior._

15 _Holias lutea intensior vel remissior diuersimodè, in orbem radiata interius, rubris maculis ad supremas vsq. oras, aliquoties crebrè, aliàs parcè, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obscuro._

16 _Holias straminea rubore striata & punctata, instar alba Holias._

17 _Tunica Morionis lutea, alijs dicta Flammea, in qua color flavus magis & conspicuus rubore, diuersimodè radiata._

_Huc reddenda esset viridarum Tuliparum classis, quæ diuersarum etiam constat specierum. Vna viridis intensior cuius flos semper ferè semiclausus manet staminibus simbriatis. Altera remissior, instar Psittacipennarum viridium, luteo variata oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viriditate oris purpureis. Quarta, cujus folia æqualiter purpura diluta, & viriditate diuisa sunt. Quinta, folijs longissimis stellæmodo expansis, ex rubore & viriditate coacta._

The meane flowring yellow Tulipa.

1 A faire gold yellow.

2 A Strawe colour.

3 A Brimstone colour pale yellowish greene.

4 A pale Orenge colour.

5 A pale cloth of gold colour.

6 A Custard colour a pale yellow shadowed ouer with a browne.

7 A gold yellow with red edges, greater or smaller.

8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper or paler, greater or
smaller.

9 A sullen or smoakie yellow, like a dead leafe that is
fallen, and therefore called, _Fucille mort_.

10 A yellow shadowed with red, and striped also through all
the leaues, the backside of them being of a red crimson, and
the edges pale.

11 A pale yellow, shadowed and striped with red, in some more
in some lesse, the bottomes being either yellow or green.

12 A _Testamentum Clusij_, that is, a shadowed pale yellow,
both within & without, spotted round about the middle on the
inside, as all other Holias are, the backe of the leaues
being more obscure or shadowed with pale yellow edges, and a
greene bottome.

13 A yellow Flambant of diuers sorts, that is, the whole
flower more or lesse streamed or spotted on the inside, and
in some on the outside with red, the bottome in most being
blacke, yet in some yellow.

14 A paler yellow Flambant more beautifull.

15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow very variable,
spotted on the inside round about the middle, with red
sometimes plentifully, or else sparingly with a green or dark
tawny bottome.

16 A strawe coloured Holias, spotted and streamed with red,
as is to bee seene in the white Holias.

17 A yellow Fooles coate, of some called a flame colour,
wherein the yellow is more then the red, diuersly streamed.

Vnto these may be added the greene Tulipa which is also of
diuers sorts. One hauing a great flower of a deepe green
colour, seldome opening it selfe, but abiding alwaies as it
were halfe shut vp and closed, the chiues being as it were
feathered. Another of a paler or yellowish green, paned with
yellow, and is called, The Parret, &c. with white edges. A
third of a more yellowish green, with red or purplish edges.
A fourth, hath the leaues of the flower equally almost
parted, with greene and a light purple colour, which abiding
a long time in flower, groweth in time to be fairer marked:
for at the first it doth not shew it selfe so plainely
diuided. Some call this a greene Swisser. A fifth hath the
longest leaues standing like a starre, consisting of greene
and purple.

_Tulipa Serotina._ The late flowring Tulipa.

The late flowring Tulipa hath had his description expressed in the precedent discourse, so that I shall not neede to make a repetition of what hath already beene set downe. The greatest matter of knowledge in this kinde is this, That it hath no such plentifull variety of colours or mixtures in his flowers, as are in the two former sorts, but is confined within these limits here expressed, as farre as hath come to our knowledge.

_Tulipa Serotina._

_Rosea intensior, aut remissior._

_Rubra vulgaris, aut saturatior, & quasi nigricans, fundo luteo vel nigro orbe, aureo incluso, dicta Oculus Solis._

_Lutea communis._

_Lutea oris rubris._

_Lutea guttis sanguineis, fundo nigro vel vario._

The late flowring Tulipa.

A Rose Colour deeper or paler.

An ordinary red, or else a deeper red like blacke bloud, with
a blacke or yellow bottome, or blacke circled with yellow,
called the Suns eye.

An ordinary yellow.

A yellow with red edges.

A yellow with red spots and veines, the bottome black or
discoloured.

There yet remaine many obseruations, concerning these beautifull flowers, fit to be knowne, which could not, without too much prolixity, be comprehended within the body of the description of them; but are reserued to bee intreated of a part by themselues.

All sorts of Tulipas beare vsually but one stalke, and that without any branches: but sometimes nature is so plentifull in bearing, that it hath two or three stalkes, and sometimes two, or more branches out of one stalke (euery stalke or branch bearing one flower at the toppe) but this is but seldome seene; and when it doth happen once, it is hardly seene againe in the same roote, but is a great signe, that the roote that doth thus, being an old roote, will the same yeare part into diuers rootes, whereof euery one, being of a reasonable greatnesse, will beare both his stalke and flower the next yeare, agreeing with the mother plant in colour, as all the of-sets of Tulipas doe for the most part: for although the young of-sets of some doe vary from the maine roote, euen while it groweth with them, yet being separated, it will bee of the same colour with the mother plant.

There groweth oftentimes in the _Medias_, and sometimes also in the _Præcoces_, but more seldome, a small bulbe or roote, hard aboue the ground, at the bottome of the stalke, and betweene it and the lower leafe, which when the stalke is dry, and it ripe, being put into the ground, will bring forth in time a flower like vnto the mother plant, from whence it was taken.

The flowers also of Tulipas consist most commonly of sixe leaues, but sometimes they are seene to haue eight or tenne, or more leaues; but vsually, those rootes beare but their ordinary number of sixe leaues the next yeare: the head for seede then, is for the most part foure square, which at all other times is but three square, or when the flower wanteth a leafe or two, as sometimes also it doth, it then is flat, hauing but two sides.

The forme of the flower is also very variable; for the leaues of some Tulipas are all sharpe pointed, or all blunt and round pointed, and many haue the three outer leaues sharpe pointed, and the three inner round or pointed, and some contrariwise, the three outermost round pointed, and the three inner sharpe pointed. Againe, some haue all the leaues of the flowers long and narrow, and some haue them broader and shorter. Some _Præcoces_ also haue their flowers very large and great, equall vnto eyther the _Media_, or _Serotina_, which most commonly are the largest, and others haue them as small as the Bolonia Tulipa.

The bottomes of the leaues of the flowers are also variably diuersified, and so are both the chiues or threeds that stand vp about the head, and the tips or pendents that are hanging loose on the toppes of them; and by the difference of the bottomes or chiues, many flowers are distinguished, which else are very like in colour, and alike also marked.

For the smell also there is some diuersity; for that the flowers of some are very sweete, of others nothing at all, and some betweene both, of a small sent, but not offensiue: and yet some I haue obserued haue had a strong ill sent; but how to shew you to distinguish them, more then by your owne sense, I cannot: for the seedes of sweete smelling Tulipas doe not follow their mother plant, no more then they doe in the colour.

And lastly, take this, which is not the least obseruation, worth the noting, that I haue obserued in many: When they haue beene of one entire colour for diuers yeares, yet in some yeare they haue altered very much, as if it had not beene the same, viz. from a purple or stamell, it hath beene variably either parted, or mixed, or striped with white, eyther in part, or through the whole flower, and so in a red or yellow flower, that it hath had eyther red or yellow edges, or yellow or red spots, lines, veines, or flames, running through the red or yellow colour, and sometimes it hath happened, that three leaues haue been equally parted in the middle with red yellow, the other three abiding of one colour, and in some the red had some yellow in it, and the yellow some red spots in it also; whereof I haue obserued, that all such flowers, not hauing their originall in that manner, (for some that haue such or the like markes from the beginning, that is, from the first and second yeares flowring, are constant, and doe not change) but as I said, were of one colour at the first, doe shew the weaknesse and decay of the roote, and that this extraordinary beauty in the flower, is but as the brightnesse of a light, vpon the very extinguishing thereof, and doth plainly declare, that it can doe his Master no more seruice, and therefore with this iollity doth bid him good night. I know there is a common opinion among many (and very confidently maintained) that a Tulipa with a white flower, hath changed to beare a red or yellow, and so of the red or yellow, and other colours, that they are likewise inconstant, as though no flowers were certaine: but I could neuer either see or heare for certaine any such alteration, nor any other variation, but what is formerly expressed. Let not therefore any iudicious be carried away with any such idle conceit, but rather suspect some deceit in their Gardeners or others, by taking vp one, and putting in another in the place, or else their owne mistaking.

Now for the sowing, planting, transplanting, choise, and ordering of Tulipas, which is not the least of regard, concerning this subiect in hand, but (as I think) would be willingly entertained; What I haue by my best endeauours learned, by mine owne paines in almost forty yeares trauell, or from others informations, I am willing here to set downe; not doubting, but that some may adde what hath not come to my knowledge.

First, in the sowing of seedes of Tulipas, I haue not obserued (whatsoeuer others haue written) nor could of certainty learne of others, that there doth arise from the seedes of _Præcoces_ any _Medias_ or _Serotine_ Tulipas, (or but very seldome) nor am certainly assured of any: but that the seedes of all _Præcoces_ (so they be not doubtfull, or of the last flowring sorts) will bring _Præcoces_: And I am out of doubt, that I neuer saw, nor could learne, that euer the seede of the _Medias_ or _Serotines_ haue giuen _Præcoces_; but _Medias_ or _Serotines_, according to their naturall kinde. But if there should bee any degeneration, I rather incline to thinke, that it sooner commeth to passe (_à meliore ad pelus_, for _facilis est descensus_, that is) that _Præcoces_ may giue _Medias_, then that _Medias_ or _Serotines_ should giue _Præcoces_.

For the choise of your seede to sowe. First, for the _Præcoces_, Clusius saith, that the _Præcox Tulipa_, that beareth a white flower, is the best to giue the greatest variety of colours. Some among vs haue reported, that they haue found great variety rise from the seede of the red _Præcox_, which I can more hardly beleeue: but Clusius his experience hath the greater probability, but especially if it haue some mixture of red or purple in it. The purple I haue found to be the best, next thereunto is the purple with white edges, and so likewise the red with yellow edges, each of them will bring most of their owne colours. Then the choise of the best _Medias_, is to take those colours that are light, rather white then yellow, and purple then red; yea white, not yellow, purple, not red: but these againe to be spotted is the best, and the more the better; but withall, or aboue all in these, respect the ground or bottome of the flower, (which in the _Præcox Tulipa_ cannot, because you shall seldome see any other ground in them but yellow) for if the flower be white, or whitish, spotted, or edged, and straked, and the bottome blew or purple (such as is found in the Holias, and in the Cloth of siluer), this is beyond all other the most excellent, and out of question the choisest of an hundred, to haue the greatest and most pleasant variety and rarity. And so in degree, the meaner, in beauty you sowe, the lesser shall your pleasure in rarities be. Bestowe not your time in sowing red or yellow Tulipa seede, or the diuers mixtures of them; for they will (as I haue found by experience) seldome be worth your paines. The _Serotina_, or late flowring Tulipa, because it is seldome seene, with any especiall beautifull variety, you may easily your selues ghesse that it can bring forth (euen as I haue also learned) no raritie, and little or no diuersity at all.

The time and manner to sowe these seedes is next to be considered. You may not sowe them in the spring of the yeare, if you hope to haue any good of them; but in the Autumne, or presently after they be thorough ripe and dry: yet if you sowe them not vntill the end of October, they will come forward neuer the worse, but rather the better; for it is often seene, that ouer early sowing causeth them to spring out of the ground ouer early, so that if a sharp spring chance, to follow, it may go neere to spoile all, or the most of your seede. Wee vsually sowe the same yeares seede, yet if you chance to keepe of your owne, or haue from others such seed, as is two years old, they will thriue and doe well enough especially if they were ripe and well gathered: You must not sowe them too thicke, for so doing hath lost many a pecke of good seede, as I can tell; for if the seede lye one vpon another, that it hath not roome vpon the sprouting, to enter and take roote in the earth, it perisheth by and by. Some vse to tread downe the ground, where they meane to sowe their seede, and hauing sowne them thereon, doe couer them ouer the thicknesse of a mans thumbe with fine sifted earth, and they thinke they doe well, and haue good reason for it: for considering the nature of the young Tulipa rootes, is to runne downe deeper into the ground, euery yeare more then other, they thinke to hinder their quicke descent by the fastnesse of the ground, that so they may encrease the better. This way may please some, but I doe not vse it, nor can finde the reason sufficient; for they doe not consider, that the stiffenesse of the earth, doth cause the rootes of the young Tulipas to bee long before they grow great, in that a stiffe ground doth more hinder the well thriuing of the rootes, then a loose doth, and although the rootes doe runne downe deeper in a loose earth, yet they may easily by transplanting be holpen, and raised vp high enough. I haue also seene some Tulipas not once remoued from their sowing to their flowring; but if you will not lose them, you must take them vp while their leafe or stalk is fresh, and not withered: for if you doe not follow the stalke downe to the roote, be it neuer so deepe, you will leaue them behinde you. The ground also must be respected; for the finer, softer, and richer the mould is, wherein you sowe your seede, the greater shall be your encrease and varietie: Sift it therefore from all stones and rubbish, and let it be either fat naturall ground of it selfe, or being muckt, that it bee thoroughly rotten: but some I know, to mend their ground, doe make such a mixture of grounds, that they marre it in the making.

After the seede is thus sowne, the first yeares springing bringeth forth leaues, little bigger then the ordinary grasse leaues; the second yeare bigger, and so by degrees euery yeare bigger then other. The leaues of the _Præcoces_ while they are young, may be discerned from the _Medias_ by this note, which I haue obserued. The leaues of them doe wholly stand vp aboue the ground, shewing the small footstalkes, whereby euerie leafe doth stand, but the leaues of the _Medias_ or _Serotines_ doe neuer wholly appeare out of the ground, but the lower part which is broad, abideth vnder the vpper face of the earth. Those Tulipas now growing to bee three yeares old, (yet some at the second, if the ground and ayre be correspondent) are to bee taken vp out of the ground, wherein yee shall finde they haue runne deepe, and to be anew planted, after they haue been a little dryed and cleansed, eyther in the same, or another ground againe, placing them reasonable neare one vnto another, according to their greatnesse, which being planted and couered ouer with earth againe, of about an inch or two thicknesse, may be left vntaken vp againe for two yeare longer, if you will, or else remoued euery yeare after, as you please; and thus by transplanting them in their due season (which is still in the end of Iuly, or beginning of August, or thereabouts) you shall according to your seede and soyle, haue some come to bearing, in the fifth yeare after the flowring, (and some haue had them in the fourth, but that hath beene but few, and none of the best, or in a rich ground) some in the sixth and seuenth, and some peraduenture, not vntill the eighth or tenth yeare: but still remember, that as your rootes grow greater, that in re-planting you giue them the more roome to be distant one from another, or else the one will hinder, if not rot the other.

The seede of the _Præcoces_ doe not thriue and come forward so fast as the _Medias_ or _Serotines_, nor doe giue any of-sets in their running downe as the _Medias_ doe, which vsually leaue a small roote at the head of the other that is runne downe euery yeare; and besides, are more tender, and require more care and attendance then the _Medias_, and therefore they are the more respected.

This is a generall and certaine rule in all Tulipas, that all the while they beare but one leafe, they will not beare flower, whether they bee seedlings, or the of-sets of elder rootes, or the rootes themselues, that haue heretofore borne flowers; but when they shew a second leafe, breaking out of the first, it is a certaine signe, that it will then beare a flower, vnlesse some casualty hinder it, as frost or raine, to nip or spoile the bud, or other vntimely accident befall it.

To set or plant your best and bearing Tulipas somewhat deeper then other rootes, I hold it the best way; for if the ground bee either cold, or lye too open to the cold Northerne ayre, they will be the better defended therein, and not suffer the frosts or cold to pierce them so soone: for the deepe frosts and snowes doe pinch the _Præcoces_ chiefly, if they bee too neare the vppermost crust of the earth; and therefore many, with good successe, couer ouer their ground before Winter, with either fresh or old rotten dung, and that will maruellously preserue them. The like course you may hold with seedlings, to cause them to come on the forwarder, so it bee after the first yeares sowing, and not till then.

To remoue Tulipas after they haue shot forth their fibres or small strings, which grow vnder the great round rootes, (that is, from September vntill they bee in flower) is very dangerous; for by remouing them when they haue taken fast hold in the ground, you doe both hinder them in the bearing out their flower, and besides, put them in hazzard to perish, at least to bee put backe from bearing for a while after, as oftentimes I haue proued by experience: But when they are now risen to flower, and so for any time after, you may safely take them vp if you will, and remoue them without danger, if you haue any good regard vnto them, vnlesse it be a young bearing roote, which you shall in so doing much hinder, because it is yet tender, by reason it now beareth his first flower. But all Tulipa roots when their stalke and leaues are dry, may most safely then be taken vp out of the ground, and be so kept (so that they lye in a dry, and not in a moist place) for sixe moneths without any great harme: yea I haue knowne them that haue had them nine moneths out of the ground, and haue done reasonable well, but this you must vnderstand withall, that they haue not been young but elder rootes, and they haue been orderly taken vp and preserued. The dryer you keep a Tulipa roote the better, so as you let it not lye in the sunne or winde, which will pierce it and spoile it.