Chapter VII: Front Matter (7)

This Daffodill is of the same kinde with the last described, the onley difference is, that it is lesser, and the yellow cuppe in the middle of the flower, is somewhat shorter then the former, although the former be shorter then many others, otherwise it differeth not, no not in time; for it flowreth late as the former doth.

The Place.

These Daffodils haue been brought vs from diuers places; The
first and second grow naturally in many places of Spaine, that
are open to the Sea: they grow likewise about Mompelier, and
those parts in France. They haue been likewise sent among many
other sorts of Daffodils from Constantinople, so that I may
thinke, they grow in some places neere thereunto.

The fourth groweth plentifully in Italy, about Pisa in Tuscane,
from whence we haue had plants to furnish our Gardens.

The seuenth is accounted beyond Sea to be naturall of our
Country, but I know not any with vs that haue it, but they haue
had it from them.

The rest haue been brought at diuers times, but wee know no
further of their naturall places.

The Time.

The first flowreth earlier then any of the rest by a moneth,
euen in the beginning of March, or earlier, if the weather
be milde. The other in Aprill, some a little before or after
another. The late kinds flower not vntill May.

The Names.

There can be no more said of the names of any of them, then
hath beene set out in their titles; for they distinguish euery
sort as fitly as we can: onely some doe call the first two
sorts, by the name of _Donax Narbonensis_.

After all these Daffodils, that hauing broad leaues beare single flowers, either one or many vpon a stalke, I shall now goe on to set forth those broad leafed Daffodils, that carry double flowers, either one or many vpon a stalke together, in the same order that we haue vsed before.

1. _Narcissus albus multiplex._ The double white Daffodill.

The leaues of this Daffodill are not very broad, but rather of a meane size, being of the same largenesse with the leaues of the purple ringed Daffodill, the stalke riseth vp to be a foote and a halfe high, bearing out of a thinne white skinne or hose, one flower and no more, consisting of many leaues, of a faire white colour, the flower is larger then any other double white Daffodill, hauing euery leafe, especially the outermost, as large almost as any leafe of the single Daffodill with the yellow cup, or purple ring. Sometimes it happeneth, that the flower is very little double, and almost single, but that is either in a bad ground, or for that it hath stood long in a place without remouing; for then it hath such a great encrease of rootes about it, that it draweth away into many parts, the nourishment that should be for a few: but if you doe transplant it, taking away the of-sets, and set his rootes single, it will then thriue, and beare his flower as goodly and double, as I haue before described it: and is very sweete.

2. _Narcissus mediopurpureus multiplex._ The double purple ringed Daffodill.

There is little difference in the leaues of this kinde, from the leaues of the single purple ringed Daffodill; for it is probable it is of the same kinde, but by natures gift (and not by any humane art) made more plentifull, which abideth constant, and hath not that dalliance, which oftentimes nature sheweth, to recreate the senses of men for the present, and appeareth not againe in the same forme: the chiefest difference is, that the flower (being but sometimes one on a stalke, and sometimes two) consisteth of six white outer leaues, as large as the leaues of the single kinde, hauing many small yellow peeces, edged with purple circles round about them, instead of a cup; and in the middle of these peeces, stand other six white leaues, lesser then the former, and a yellow cup edged with a purple circle likewise, parted into peeces, and they comprehend a few other white leaues, smaller than any of the other, hauing among them some broken peeces of the cup, with a few chiues also in the middle of the flower. The flower is very sweete.

There is of this kinde another, whose flower hath not so plaine a distinction, of a triple rowe of leaues in it: but the whole flower is confusedly set together, the outer leaues being not so large, and the inner leaues larger then the former; the broken yellow cuppe, which is tipt with purple, running diuersly among the leaues; so that it sheweth a fairer, and more double flower then the former, as it is indeed.

3. _Narcissus medioluteus corona duplici._ The Turkie Daffodill with a double crowne.

This Daffodill hath three or foure leaues, as large and long almost, as the great double Daffodill of Constantinople next following hath: the stalke likewise is very neere as great, but as high altogether, bearing at the toppe foure or fiue flowers, the leaues whereof are as large, as of the first or second kinde of French Daffodils, before described, but not altogether of so pure a white colour; and being six in number, stand like the former single French Daffodils, but that the yellow cup in the middle of this is thicke and double, or as it were crumpled together, not standing very high to be conspicuous, but abiding lowe and short, so that it is not presently marked, vnlesse one looke vpon it precisely; yet is exceeding sweete. The roote is like vnto the roote of the purple ringed Daffodill, or somewhat bigger.

4. _Narcissus Chalcedonicus flore pleno albo polyanthos._ The double white Daffodill of Constantinople.

This beautifull and goodly Daffodill (wherewith all Florists greatly desire to bee acquainted, as well for the beauty of his double flowers, as also for his superabounding sweete smell, one stalke with flowers being instead of a nosegay) hath many very broad, and very long leaues, somewhat greener then gray, among which riseth vp a strong round stalke, being sometimes almost flat, and ribbed, bearing foure or fiue, or more white flowers at the toppe, euery one being very great, large, and double, the leaues being confusedly set together, hauing little peeces of a yellow cup running among them, without any shew of that purple ring that is in the former, and fall away without bearing seed, euen as all, or most other double flowers doe: the smell is so exceeding sweet and strong, that it will soone offend the senses of any, that shall smell much vnto it: the roote is great and thicke, couered with a blackish coate.

5. _Narcissus Chalcedonicus fimbriatus multiplex polyanthos._ The great double purple ringed Daffodill of Constantinople.

This Daffodill differeth very little or nothing in leafe from the former, the onely difference is in the flowers, which although they bee double, and beare many vpon a stalke, like vnto them, yet this hath the peeces of the yellow cuppes tipt with purple, as if they were shred or scattered among the white leaues, whereas the other hath only the yellow, without any shew of purple tips vpon them: the smell of this is as strong as of the other.

1 _Narcissus albus multiplex._ The double white Daffodill.
2 _Narcissus medioluteus corona duplici._ The Turkie Daffodill with a
double crowne.
3 _Narcissus mediopurpureus multiplex._ The double purple ringed
Daffodill.
4 _Narcissus Chalcedonicus flore pleno albo polyanthos._ The double
white Daffodill of Constantinople.
]

6. _Narcissus Cyprius flore pleno lutes polyanthos._ The double yellow Daffodill of Cyprus.

The leaues of this Daffodill are almost as broad and long as the former, the stalke is a foot high and more, bearing foure or fiue flowers on the top, euery one very double, and of a fine pale yellow colour, of a strong heady sent. The root of this is also like the former.

The Place.

The first of these Daffodils, was full brought into England
by Mʳ. Iohn de Franqueuille the elder, who gathered it in his
owne Countrey of Cambray, where it groweth wild, from whose
sonne, Mʳ. Iohn de Franqueuille, now liuing, we all haue had
it. The rest haue come from Constantinople at seuerall times;
and the last is thought to come from Cyprus. Wee haue it
credibly affirmed also, that it groweth in Barbary about Fez
and Argiers. Some of the double white kindes grow in Candy, and
about Aleppo also.

The Time.

The Turkie kindes doe for the most part all flower early, in
the end of March, or beginning of Aprill at the furthest, and
the first double, about the middle or end of April.

The Names.

All these Daffodils, except the first, haue had diuers Turkish
names set vpon the packets, wherein they haue been sent, but
there is small regard of certainty to be expected from them;
for that the name _Serincade_, without any more addition, which
is a single Daffodill, hath beene imposed vpon that parcell of
rootes, that have borne most of them double flowers of diuers
sorts; and the name _Serincade Catamer lale_ which signifieth a
double flowered Daffodill, hath had many single white flowers,
with yellow cups, and some whose flowers have been wholly
white, cuppe and all, and some purple ringed, and double also
among them. Their names, whereby they are knowne and called
with vs, are, as fitly as may be, imposed in their titles: And
this I hope shall suffice, to have spoken of these sorts of
Daffodils.

Hauing finished the discourse of the former sort of broad leafed Daffodils, it is fit to proceede to the next, which are _Angustifolios Narcissos_, those Daffodils that have narrow leaures, and first to set down those that beare single flowers, whether one or many flowers vpon a stalke, and then those that beare double flowers in the same manner.

_Narcissus Virginens._ The Virginia Daffodill.

This plant I thought fittest to place here in the beginning of this _Classis_, not finding where better to shroud it. It hath two or three long, and very narrow leaues, as greene as the leaues of the great _Leucoium bulbosum_, and shining withall, which grow sometimes reddish, especially at the edges: the stalke riseth vp a spanne high, bearing one flower and no more on the head thereof, standing vpright like a little Lilly or Tulipa, made of six leaues, wholly white, both within and without, except that at the bottome next to the stalke, and a little on the backside of the three outer leaues, it hath a small dash or shew of a reddish purple colour: it hath in the middle a few chiues, standing about a small head pointed; which head groweth to bee small and long, containing small blackish flat seede: the roote is small, long, and round, a little blackish on the outside, and white on the inside.

The Place.

This bulbous plant was brought vs from Virginia, where they
grow aboundantly; but they hardly thriue and abide in our
Gardens to beare flowers.

The Time.

It flowreth in May, and seldome before.

The Names.

The Indians in Virginia do call it _Attamusco_, some among vs
do call it _Lilionarcissus Virginianus_, of the likenesse of
the flower to a Lilly, and the leaues and roote to a Daffodill.
Wee for breuity doe called it _Narcissus Virgineus_, that is,
The Daffodill of Virginia, or else you may call it according to
the former Latine name, The Lilly Daffodill of Virginia, which
you will; for both names may serue well to expresse the plant.

_Narcissus angustifolius albidus præcox oblongo calice._ The early white narrow leafed Daffodill with a long cup.

This Daffodill hath three or foure narrow, long, and very green leaues, a foot long for the most part: the stalke riseth not vp so high as the leaves, whereon standeth one flower, not altogether so great as the late flowring Daffodill, with a long cuppe, described before among the broad leafed ones, which consisteth of six pale coloured leaves, not pure white, but hauing a wash of light yellow among the white: the cuppe in the middle is round and long, yet not so long as to bee accounted a bastard Daffodill, within which is a middle pointell, compassed with six chiues, hauing yellow mealy pendents.

The Place.

The Daffodill groweth with the other sorts of broad leafed
ones, on the Pyrenæan Mountaines, from whence they have beene
brought vnto vs, to furnish our Gardens.

The Time.

It flowreth early, a month before the other sorts of the same
fashion, that is, in the beginning of March, if the time be
milde, which the other before spoken of the doe not.

The Names.

It hath no other name that I know, then is expressed in the
title.

2. _Narcissus mediocroceus tenuifolius._ The small Daffodill with a Saffron crown.

This small Daffodill hath foure or fiue narrow leaues, about a spanne long, among which riseth vp a stalke some nine inches high, bearing at the toppe one small white flower, made of six leaues, with a small yellow cup in the middle, shadowed ouer at the brimmes with a Saffron colour: the roote is small, rounded, and little long withall, couered with a blackish skinne or coate.

3. _Narcissus minimus mediopurpureus._ The least purple ringed Daffodill.

This little Daffodill hath small narrow leaues, shorter by much then any of the purple ringed Daffodils, before described: the stalke and flower keepe an equal proportion to the rest of the plant, being in forme and colour of the flower, like vnto the Starre Daffodill before recited, but vnlike in the greatnesse: this also is to bee obserued, that the purple colour that circleth the brimmes of the cuppe, is so small, that sometimes it is not well perceiued.

4. _Narcissus minimus Iuncifolij flore._ The least Daffodill of all.

This least Daffodill hath two or three whitish greene leaues, narrower then the two last recited Daffodils, and shorter by halfe, being but aboue two or three inches long, the stalke likewise is not aboue three or foure inches high, bearing one single flower at the toppe, somewhat bigger then the smalnesse of the plant should seeme to beare, very like vnto the least Rush Daffodill, and of the same bignesse, or rather somewhat bigger, being of a faint yellow colour, both leaues, and cup, or crowne, (if you please so to call it); for the middle part is spread very much, euen to the middle of the leaues almost, and lyeth flat open vpon the flower: the roote is small, euen the smallest of any Daffodill, and couered with a blackish skinne or coate.

The Place.

The first of these Daffodils haue beene brought vs from the
Pyrenæan Mountaines, among a number of other rare plants, and
the last by a French man, called Francis le Veau, the honestest
roote-gatherer that euer came ouer to vs. The second was sent
to Mʳ. Iohn de Franqueuille, before remembred, who imparted
it to mee, as hee hath done many other good things; but his
naturall place wee know not.

The Time.

They all flower about the latter end of Aprill.

The Names.

Being brought without names, wee haue giuen them their names
according to their face and fashion, as they are set downe in
their titles.

_Narcissus Autumnalis minor albus._ The little white Autumne Daffodill.

This little Autumne Daffodill riseth with his flowers first out of the ground, without any leaues at all. It springeth vp with one or two stalkes about a finger long, euery one bearing out of a small huske one small white flower, laid open abroad like vnto the Starre white Daffodill, before spoken of: in the middle of the flower is a small yellow cup of a meane size, and after the flower is past, there commeth in the same place a small head, containing small, round, blacke seede, like vnto the Autumne Hyacinth: the leaues come vp after the seede is ripe and gone, being small and narrow, not much bigger then the Autumne Hyacinth: the roote is small and blackish on the outside.

The Place.

This Daffodill groweth in Spaine, where Clusius saw it, and
brought it into these parts.

The Time.

It flowreth in the beginning of Autumne, and his seede is ripe
in the end of October in those hot Countries, but in ours it
will scarce abide to shew a flower.

The Names.

The Spaniards, as Clusius reporteth, call it _Tonada_, and he
vpon the sight thereof, _Narcissus Autumnalis minor albus_,
and wee in English thereafter, The little white Autumne
Daffodill.

1 _Narcissus Virgineus._ The Virginian Daffodill.
2 _Narcissus minimus Iuncifolij flore._ The least Daffodill of all.
3 _Narcissus Autumnalis minor albus._ The little white Autumne
Daffodill.
4 _Narcissus albus Autumnalis medio obsoletus._ The white Autumne
Daffodill with a sullen crown.
5 _Narcissus Iuncifolius maximus amplo calice._ The great Iunquilia
with the largest flower or cup.
6 _Narcissus totus albus flore pleno Virginianus._ The double white
Daffodill of Virginia.
]

_Narcissus albus Autumnalis medio obsoletus._ The white Autumne Daffodill with a sullen crowne.

This Autumne Daffodill hath two or three leaues at the most, and very narrow, so that some doe reckon it among the Rush Daffodils, being somewhat broad at the bottome, and more pointed at the toppe, betweene these leaues commeth vp the stalke, bearing vsually two flowers and no more at the toppe, made of sixe white leaues a peece, pointed and not round: the cup is small and round like vnto the cup or crowne of the least Rush Daffodill, of a yellow colour at the bottome but toward the edge of a dunne or sullen colour.

_Narcissus angustifolius luteus semper florens Caccini._ The yellow Italian Daffodill of Caccini.

This Daffodill beareth a number of small, long, narrow, and very greene leaues, broader then the leaues of any Rush Daffodill, among which rise vp diuers stalkes, bearing at the head two or three flowers a peece, each of them being small and yellow, the cup or crowne is small also, of a deeper yellow then the flower. The Nobleman of Florence, who first sent this plant to Christian Porret at Leyden, after the death of Carolus Clusius, writeth that euery stalke doth beare with him more store of flowers, then are formerly set downe, and that it neuer ceaseth to beare flowers, but that after one or more stalkes haue been in flower together, and are past, there succeed other in their places.

The Place.

The first is naturall of Spain, the naturall place of the other
is not known to vs.

The Time.

The times of the flowring, are set downe both in the title and
in the descriptions; the one to be in Autumne, the other to be
all the Summer long.

The Names.

The Latine names are imposed on them, as are fittest for them,
and the last by that honourable man that sent it, which is most
fit to continue, and not to bee changed. But wee, to let it bee
knowne by an English name to English people, haue entituled it,
The yellow Italian Daffodill of Caccini: if any man can giue it
a more proper name, I shall bee therewith right well content.

_Narcissus angustifolius, siue Iuncifolius maximus, amplo calice._ The great Iunquilia with the large flower or cup.

Although this Daffodill importeth by his name, not to be of this family, but of the next, considering it is so like vnto them, but bigger; yet I haue thought good to place it in the end of these narrow leafed Daffodils, as being indifferent, whether it should bee referred to this or to that. For this carrieth diuers long green leaues, like vnto the other Rush Daffodils, but thicker and broader, so that it may without any great errour, bee reckoned among these narrow leafed Daffodils, bearing at the toppe two or three very faire large flowers, with a large and more open cuppe, then in any other of the Rush Daffodils, both of them of a faire yellow colour, yet the cuppe a little deeper then the flower, and a little crumpled about the edges, and both a pretty sharpe sent: the roote is greater and longer then the other Rush Daffodill, and couered likewise with a blackish coate.

The Place.

We haue this in Gardens onely, and haue not heard of his
naturall place.

The Time.

It flowreth in Aprill.

The Names.

I leaue it indifferent, as I said, whether you will call it
_Narcissus angustifolius_, or _Iuncifolius magno calice_, or
_maximus_, because it is the greatest of all the rest of that
kinde.

_Narcissus totus albus flore pleno Virginianus._ The double white Daffodill of Virginia.

The roote of this Daffodill, is very like vnto the former single Virginia Daffodill, set forth in the first place of this ranke of narrow leafed Daffodils, but that it is a little bigger and rounder, being a little long withall, and blackish also on the outside, as that is: from whence riseth vp two leaues, somewhat broader then the former: but of a like greennesse: the stalke riseth vp betweene these two leaues, about a span high, or not much higher, bearing one faire double snow white flower, very like in the fashion vnto the pale yellow double Daffodill, or bastard Daffodill of Robinus, hereafter described: For it is in the like manner laid open flat, and composed of six rowes of leaues, euery rowe lying in order iust opposite, or one before another, whereof those six leaues that make the first or outermost course, are the greatest, and all the rest lying, as I said, one vpon or before another, are euery rowe smaller then others from the middle of this flower, thrusteth forth a small long pointed forke or horne, white as the flower is.

The Place.

The place is named to be Virginia, but in what part it is not
known to vs.

The Time.

It flowreth in the end of Aprill.

The Names.

It may be that this doth grow among the former single kinde,
and called by the same name Attamusco, for that the plant is
not much differing, yet hereof I am not certaine: But we, from
the forme and countenance of the plant, do call it _Narcissus
Virginianus_, The Virginian Daffodill, and because it beareth a
double flower, it hath the title of double added vnto it.

The third order of Daffodils, I said in the beginning was of _Iuncifolios_, Rush Daffodils, which are now next to be entreated of, I shall herein keepe the same order I vsed in the former; but because I finde none of this order, that beare but one flower vpon a stalke, I must begin with those that beare many.

1. _Narcissus Iuncifolius albus._ The white Iunquilia.

This white Rush Daffodill hath small long leaues, a little broader, and of a whiter greene colour then the ordinary yellow Rush Daffodils: the stalke riseth vp halfe a foote high or more, bearing two or three small white flowers vpon a stalke, yet somewhat bigger then the common yellow Rush Daffodill, hauing a small round cuppe in the middle, white also as the leaues are. The seede is small, blacke, and round, as other seedes of Daffodils are: the roote is small and round, couered with a blackish coate.

_Narcissus Iuncifolius albus magno calice._ The white Iunquilia with a great cup.

There is of this kinde another sort, that hath the cup in the middle of the flower, a little larger then the other, but in all other things alike.

2. _Narcissus Iuncifolius flore albo reflexo._ The white turning Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

This turning white Daffodill hath foure or fiue long greene leaues, yet shorter and broader then the ordinary yellow Iunquilia, and fully as greene also, from among which riseth vp a slender greene stalke, a foote high bearing out of a thinne skinnie huske, three or foure, or more snow white flowers, standing vpon long greene foot-stalkes, euery flower hanging downe his head, and turning vp his six narrow and long leaues, euen to the very foot-stalk againe: from the middle of the flower hangeth downe a long round cuppe, as white as the leaues, within which are contained three small white chiues, tipt with yellow, and a small long pointell, thrusting out beyond the brimmes of the cup: after the flowers are past, there come vp in their places small three square heads, wherein is contained very small, round, and blacke shining seede: the roote is small, round, and a little long withall, couered with a blackish browne coate or skin. The flower is quite without any good sent, or indeed rather none at all.

3. _Narcissus Iuncifolius flore luteo reflexo._ The yellow turning Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

The leaues of the Rush Daffodill are greater and longer then the former, and of a paler greene colour: the stalke riseth somewhat higher, bearing two or three flowers thereon wholly of a gold yellow colour, both the cuppe and the leaues that turne vp againe.

4. _Narcissus Iuncifolius calice albo reflexis folijs luteis._ The yellow turning Iunquilia with a white cup.

This Daffodill hath his long rush-like leaues standing vpright as the former, betweene which riseth vp a greene stalke, about a foote high or more, bearing two or three flowers thereon, whose turning leaues are of a faire pale yellow, and the cuppe pale white, and not so pure a white as the former.

5. _Narcissus Iuncifolius calice luteo reflexis folijs albidis._ The white turning Iunquilia with a yellow cup.

As the last had the leaues of the flower that turne vp againe yellow, and the cuppe whitish, so this hath contrariwise the turning leaues of a whitish yellow, and the long cup yellower, else in his long green leaues, or any other thing, there is small difference.

6. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus magno calice._ The Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill with a great cup.

This Rush Daffodill hath bigger leaues, and longer then the ordinary yellow Rush Daffodill, being a little flat on the one side, and round on the other, but of the same greennesse with all the rest: the stalke riseth vp two foote high, bearing two, and sometimes three flowers thereon, being of a faire yellow colour, with a large open cup in the middle, of a little deeper yellow colour, like vnto the great Iunquilia with the large flower, before set downe, whereof this is a kinde, no doubt; but that is larger and greater then this, both in leafe, flower, cup, &c. and this onely somewhat lesse in all parts then that.

1 _Narcissus Iuncifolius albus._ The white Iunquilia.
2 _Narcissus Iuncifolius flore albo reflexo._ The white turning
Iunquilia.
3 _Narcissus Iuncifolius calice luteo reflexis folijs albis._ The
yellow turning Iunquilia.
4 _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus magno calice._ The yellow Iunquilia
with a great cuppe.
5 _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus maior vulgaris._ The ordinary yellow
Iunquilia.
6 _Narcissus Iuncifolius Autumnalis flore viridi._ The greene Autumne
Iunquilia.
7 _Narcissus angustifolius aureus multiplex._ The golden double
narrow leafed Daffodill.
8 _Narcissus Iuncifolius flore pleno._ The double Iunquilia.
]

7. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus vulgaris maior._ The ordinary Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

This ordinary Rush Daffodill hath foure or fiue long greene round leaues, like vnto Rushes, whereof it tooke the name: among these leaues riseth vp the stalke, round and greene, a foote and a halfe high very often, bearing at the toppe three or foure flowers all yellow, but much smaller then the last, and so is the cup also: the seede is small and blacke, inclosed in small cornered heads; the roote is blackish on the outside. The smell of the flower is very sweete in all these sorts of Rush Daffodils.

8. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus medius_. The smaller Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

The leaues of this Daffodill are like vnto the former, but smaller and rounder, the stalke riseth vp so high, nor are the flowers so great, but the leaues of the flower are a little rounder, and not so pointed as in the former, in all things else alike, sauing lesser.

9. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus minor._ The least Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

This least Daffodill hath fiue or six small greene leaues, a little broader, and not so long as the last, among which riseth vp a stalke almost a foote high, bearing one or two small flowers at the toppe, of a paler yellow colour then the former, with a yellow open cuppe, or crowne rather in the middle, bigger then in either of the last two: the roote is very small and blacke, like vnto the last in roundnesse and colour.

10. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus albicantibus lineis distinctus._ The yellow Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill with white lines.

This Rush Daffodill, hath round, greene, and long leaues, like vnto the ordinary Rush Daffodill, with a stalke bearing two or three yellow flowers, hauing leaues somewhat round at the point or end, with a line or strake of white in the middle of euerie one of them, the cup is short, and crowne fashion, a little crumpled about the brims: the seede, roote, or anything else differeth not.

11. _Narcissus Iuncifolius Autumnalis flore viridi._ The Autumne Rush Daffodill with a greene flower.

This strange Rush Daffodill (I call it strange, not onely because it differeth from all others of this kinde, but also because there are but few in these parts that haue had it, and fewer that doe still enioy it, in that it is perished withall that had it) hath but one onely leafe, very long, round, and greene, in all that euer I saw growing, which beareth no flower while that greene leafe is fresh, and to bee seene: but afterwards the stalke riseth vp, being like vnto the former greene leafe, round, naked, and greene vp to the toppe, where two or three flowers breake forth out of a small thin skinne, euery one consisting of six small and narrow greene leaues, very sharpe pointed at the end, and as it were ending in a small pricke or thorne: in the middle whereof is a small round cup, or rather crowne, of the same colour with the leaues and stalke, which flower smelleth very sweete, somewhat like vnto the rest of the Rush Daffodils: this sheweth not his flower vntill October, and the frosts quickly following after their flowring, cause them soone to perish.

12. _Narcissus angustifolius aureus multiplex._ The golden double narrow leafed Daffodill.

The leaues of this Daffodill are very narrow, and of a whitish greene colour, not aboue foure or fiue inches long, from among which riseth vp a stalke about a foote high, bearing at the top one flower, consisting of some outer leaues, which are of a yellow colour, and of many other leaues in the middle being smaller, and set thicke and round together of a more yellow gold colour, but with some whiter leaues among them, the middle part a little pointing forth; the flower standeth long before it doth perfect his colour, and abideth long in flower before the colour decay: the roote is in fashion almost like the ordinary Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill. I acknowledge this Daffodill hath not his proper place; but because the figure is set in this table, let it thus passe at this time.

13. _Narcissus Iuncifolius luteus flore pleno._ The double Iunquilia, or Rush Daffodill.

The double Rush Daffodill hath his long greene leaues round, like the leaues of the common or ordinary Rush Daffodill, and of the same bignesse, among which riseth vp a long slender greene stalke, bearing two or three, seldome more small flowers, yellow and double, that is, with diuers rowes of leaues, hauing the yellow cup such as is in the single flower, broken into small threads or peeces, running among the leaues of the flower, which peeces in some flowers are not so easily seene, being smaller then in others, this beareth no button or head vnder the flower for seede, his roote is round and blackish, browne on the outside, so like vnto the common Rush Daffodill, that it is almost impossible to know the one from the other.

[Sidenote: _Alter minori flore._]

There is another of this kinde, whose flowers are smaller, and not so double, one, two, or three at the most vpon a stalke, and of lesse beauty by much.

The Place.

All these Rush Daffodils, doe for the most part grow in Spaine
and France, and on the Pyrenæan Mountaines, which are betweene
Spaine and France, which Mountains are the Nourseries of many
of the finest flowers, that doe adorne the Gardens of these
louers of natures pride, and gathered in part by industrious,
learned, generous men, inhabiting neare thereunto, and in part
by such as make a gaine of their labours, bestowed vpon these
things. Onely that with the greene flower was gathered in
Barbary, and imparted vnto vs from France.

The Time.

They flower in the Spring, that is, in March and Aprill, except
such whose time is set downe to be in Autumne.

The Names.

Their names are specified in their titles, and therefore I
shall not need to set downe any further repetitions.

To conclude therefore this discourse of true Daffodils, there remaineth to speake of the Sea Daffodils, which (as I said in the beginning) is but one, that is frequent, and doth abide with vs. But there bee some others found about the Cape of good Hope, and in the West Indies, and brought vnto these parts rather for ostentation, then continuance, where they haue flowred onely once (if peraduenture so often) so that being such strangers, of so remote Countries, and of so diuers natures, I shall but shew you some of them, rather cursorily then curiously; and but onely for your satisfaction, giue you knowledge of two or three of them, that there haue beene seene such in flower, and that they are scarce to bee seene againe, except they bee fetcht a new euery yeare that they be seene.

_Narcissus Marinus, siue tertius Matthioli._ The great white Sea Daffodill, or Matthiolus his third Daffodill.

The roote of this Daffodill by long continuance, standing in one place without being remoued, groweth to be much greater and larger, than any other Daffodill whatsoeuer, and as bigge as any meane Squilla or Sea Onion roote, hauing many long, thicke, and white fibres, or long rootes, diuersly branched, and spread vnder the vpper part of the earth beside some others that grow downward, and perish not euery yeare, as the fibres of all, or most of the other Daffodils doe; and therefore this plant will not thriue, and beare flowers, if it be often transplanted, but rather desire to abide in one place without remouing, as I said, and that not to be ouershadowed, or couered with other herbes standing too neare it, which then will flourish, and beare aboundantly: from this roote, which is couered with many blackish coates, ariseth six or seuen, or more leaues, twice so broad almost, as any of the former Daffodils, but not so long by halfe as many of them, being but short, in comparison of the breadth, and of a white greene colour; from the middle of which leaues, as also from the sides sometimes, springeth vp one or two, or more stalkes, roundish and thicke, and sometimes a little flat and cornered, a foote high or somewhat more, bearing at the toppe, out of a skinnie huske, eight, ten, twelue, or more very large flowers, consisting of six white leaues a peece, spread or laid open, with a white short cuppe or crowne in the middle, lying flat vpon the leaues, cut or diuided into six corners (and not whole, as the cuppe or crowne of any other single Daffodill) from euery of which edges, or corners of this cup or crowne, standeth one white long thread, a little crooked or turning vp at the end, tipt with a yellow pendent, and some other white threads tipt with yellow pendents, standing also in the middle: after the flower is past, there come vp great three square heads, wherein the seede is contained, which is great, blacke, and round, like vnto the seede of other Daffodils, but greater: the flower hath a reasonable good sent, but not very strong.

The Place.

It was first found by the Sea side, in the Isle of Sardinia,
and on the high Mountaines also of the same Isle, where it hath
borne by report, thirty fiue flowers vpon a stalke: it groweth
likewise about Illyricum, and in diuers other places.

The Time.

It springeth later out of the ground then any other Daffodill,
that is to say, not vntill the later end of March, or beginning
of Aprill, and flowreth in the end of May, or the beginning of
Iune: the seede is ripe in the end of Iuly, or beginning of
August.

The Names.

The first that hath made mention of this Daffodill, was
Matthiolus, who placed it in the third place among his
Daffodils, and is most vsually now adayes called _Narcissus
tertius Matthioli_, Matthiolus his third Daffodill, the rather,
because Clusius vpon a more mature deliberation, first referred
it thereunto, but called it at the first, _Lilionarcissus
Hemerocallidis facie_, and, as hee saith, Iacobus Plateau (who
first sent him the figure hereof, with the description) called
it _Lilionarcissus Orientalis_, but Clusius vpon certaine
information, that it grew in the places aforesaid, misliked
the name of _Orientalis_, and added _Hemerocallis_, which yet
is not fit, for that his _Hemerocallis Valentina_, is a plaine
Pancration or Sea bastard Daffodill, whose middle cup is longer
then the cup of any true Daffodill, which (as I said in the
beginning of this Chapter) is the chiefest note of difference,
betweene a true and a bastard Daffodill. I receiued the seede
of this Daffodill among many other seedes of rare plants, from
the liberality of Mʳ. Doctor Flud, one of the Physitians of the
Colledge in London, who gathered them in the Vniuersity Garden
at Pisa in Italy, and brought them with him, returning home
from his trauailes into those parts, by the name of _Martagon
rarissimum_, (and hauing sowne them, expected fourteene yeares,
before I saw them beare a flower, which the first yeare that it
did flower, bore foure stalkes of flowers, with euery one of
them eight or ten flowers on them) which of all other names,
doth least answer the forme or qualities of this plant. It may
most fitly be called _Narcissus marinus maximus_, in English,
The great Sea Daffodill, both because it is a true Daffodill,
and the greatest of all other, and also because it hath not
been found, but in Islands, or else in other places neare the
Sea. Lobelius entituleth it _Pancratium Indicum alterum vernum,
siue Narcissus Indicus alter facie Pancratij Monspeliaci_, but
all this is wide from the matter, as may easily be known, by
that that hath been said before. It is generally (as I said
before) called of all _Narcissus tertius Matthioli_, Matthiolus
his third Daffodill, which may either so passe with vs, or as
I called it, The great Sea Daffodill, which you will, & so
Clusius doth lastly entitle it.

1 _Narcissus tertius Matthioli._ The great white Sea Daffodill.
2 _Narcissus Indicus Autumnalis._ The Indian Autumne Daffodill.
3 _Narcissus marinus Africanus._ The Sea Daffodill of Africa.
4 _Narcissus marinus exoticus._ The strange Sea Daffodill.
]

1. _Pancratium Indicum, aut Narcissus Indicus Autumnalis quorundam Lobelij._ The Indian Autumne Daffodill of Lobel.

This plant hath in my opinion, a farre nearer resemblance vnto an Hyacinthus, then vnto any Daffodill: But because Lobel hath so set it forth, I will so publish it vnto you, leauing it to iudgement. The roote is, as he saith, a span long, and of the thicknesse of a mans arme, couered with many white shells, whereof the outermost are of a darke red or Chestnut colour: the flowers rise vp in September and October, being eight or ten in number, euery one by it selfe vpon a small footstalke, made of six leaues a peece, somewhat long, narrow, and pointed, like vnto the flowers of the English Colchicum, or Medowe Saffron, of a whitish yellow dunne colour, with six long threads in the middle: the greene leaues are long and broad, and broad pointed.

2. _Narcissus Marinus Africanus, siue Exoticus Lobelij._ The Sea Daffodill of Africa.

The roote of this strange plant (which of some likenesse is called a Daffodill) is very great, made as it were of many scaly cloues, from whence riseth vp a small short stalke, bearing hard aboue the ground two faire broad greene pointed leaues, more long then broad, so compassing the stalke at the bottome, that it seemeth to run through them: the stalke is spotted with diuers discoloured spots, and is bare or naked from these two leaues vnto the toppe, where it beareth one faire double flower, like vnto a double Anemone, of a delayed reddish colour, tending to a blush, with many threads set about the middle head.

3. _Narcissus Marinus Exoticus._ The strange Sea Daffodill.

The strange Sea Daffodill, hath fiue or six large and long leaues of a pale greene colour, from among which riseth vp a strong and bigge stalke, bearing at the toppe, out of a thinne hose or skinne, many very large flowers, made of six long and pointed leaues apeece, of a blewish purple colour, with a large round open cup in the middle, of a sadder colour then the leaues: the roote is very great, yet like vnto other great Daffodils, the outer skins whereof are of a darke browne colour.

The Place.

The Indian Daffodils grew in the vpper part of Hispaniola in
the West Indies, and brought hither, where they all soone
perished.

The other grew neare the Cape of good Hope, and was brought
into the parts of Holland and thereabouts, from whence we had
it, & perished also.

The last is vnknowne where it was gathered.

The Time.

The first flowred in Autumne, as it is said.

The other in the first Summer of their bringing.

And so did the last, but the same rootes will not flower with
vs againe.

The Names.

So much hath been said of their names in their titles, as hath
come to our knowledge; and therefore let that suffice.

Thus hauing gone through the whole Family of the true Daffodils, (for so much as hath come to our knowledge) and set them downe euery one by his name, and in this order; it is fit that we speake of their bastard brethern, and shew you them also, in the same order held with the former, as neare as the plenty of variety herein, which is not the like with the former, will giue leaue, that when you know them both by face and name, you may the better know to place or distinguish of others, that haue not passed vnder this rod.

_Pseudonarcissus aureus Hispanicus maximus._ The great yellow Spanish bastard Daffodill.

The roote of this kinde of Daffodill is reasonable great, and blackish on the outside, desiring to be deepe in the ground; and therefore will runne downe, where it will then encrease into many of-sets, from whence rise vp many thicke, long, and stiffe leaues, of a grayish greene colour, among which riseth vp a round strong stalke, sometimes three foote high or better, bearing at the toppe one onely faire great yellow flower, standing forth right, and not pendulous, consisting of six short and somewhat broad leaues, with a very great, large, and long trunke, of an equall largenesse, but open at the mouth, and turning vp the brimmes a little, which are somewhat crumpled: after the flower is past, there commeth in the place a three square head, containing round, blacke seede, like vnto other Daffodils.

_Pseudonarcissus Pyrenæus Hispanico & Anglico similis._ The Mountaine bastard Daffodill of diuers kindes.

There is much variety in this kinde of bastard Daffodill: For one sort hath verie broad and whitish greene leaues, somewhat short in comparison of others, that are of that breadth: the flower is wholly yellow, but a little paler then the former Spanish kinde, hauing the leaues of his flower long, and somewhat narrow, standing like wings about the middle trunke, which is as long as the leaues, and smaller then in many other of this kinde, but a little yellower then the wings. Another sort hath narrower green leaues then this last, and longer, the flower is all yellow, but the trunke is larger, wider, and more open at the mouth then the former, and almost as large as the former Spanish, but not so high as the last. A third hath the wings of the flower of a Strawe colour, but the trunke is long and narrow, of a faire yellow. A fourth hath such like flowers, but that it is shorter, both the wings and the trunke: Some likewise haue the wings of the flower longer, then the long trunke, and some shorter. Some also are all yellow, and some haue their wings onely a little more pale or white, like the English kinde: Some againe haue their trunkes long and narrow, others haue them larger and wider open, and crumpled at the brimmes; so that it is needlesse, to spend a great deale of time and labour vpon such smally respected flowers, but that in the beholding of them, we may therein admire the worke of the Creatour, who can frame such diuersity in one thing: But this is beside the text, yet not impertinent.

_Pseudonarcissus pallidus præcox._ The early Strawe coloured bastard Daffodill.

The leaues of this Daffodill are of a meane size, betweene the broadest and the narrower kindes, of a grayish greene colour, and not very long: the stalke riseth vp a foot high or more, whereon standeth one large great flower, equalling the greatest Spanish bastard Daffodill, before described, in the largenesse of his trunke, and hauing the brimmes turned vp a little, which maketh it seeme the larger: the wings or outer leaues are in a manner as short, as they are in the greatest Spanish kinde, (and not long flagging down, like vnto the Mountain kinds) and stand straight outright: all the whole flower is of one euen colour, that is, of a fine pale yellow, somewhat like vnto the colour of a Lemon peele or rinde, but somewhat whiter, which vsually we call a Strawe colour; the greatnesse of the flower, the earlinesse of the flowring, and the difference of colour from all the rest of this kinde, hath made me entreate of it apart by it selfe, as being no lesse worthy.

_Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus flore albo maior._ The great white Spanish bastard Daffodill.

This bastard Daffodill hath diuers leaues rising vp together, long and broad, somewhat like vnto the first Spanish kinde, but a little broader, and of a whiter greene colour, yet not so white, as in the lesser Spanish white kindes, hereafter described: among these leaues riseth vp a round strong stalke, about two foote high, bearing one white flower at the toppe, bending downe the head, as all these white kindes doe, but is not of so pure a white, as the lesser kindes that follow, yet whiter then the greatest white Spanish kinde, next of all to be described: the whole flower, as well trunke as wings, is much larger then the lesser white kindes, and almost equalling the first Spanish yellow, but a little longer and narrower, a little crumpled and turning vp at the brimmes: the head and seede are like the first; the roote is greater and thicker then the first Spanish, and doth not encrease so much, nor is couered with a blacke, but rather with a whitish coate.

_Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus maximus albidus._ The greatest Spanish white bastard Daffodill.

This kinde of bastard Daffodill is very like the last mentioned Daffodill, both in leaues and flowers, but larger in both: the flower of this is not full so white, but hath some shew of palenesse therein, and more vpon the first opening of the flower then afterwards, and is as great altogether, as the great Spanish yellow, at the least with a longer, and somewhat narrower trunke: the seede is like vnto the former, and so is the roote also, but greater, being white on the outside, and not blacke.

_Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus flore albo medius & minor._ The two lesser white Spanish bastard Daffodils.

There are two other of these kindes of white Spanish Daffodils, one greater or lesser then the other, but neither of them so great as the former. The leaues of both are of a whitish greene colour, one a little broader then the other: the flowers of both are pure white, and bending downe the heads, that they almost touch the stalke againe, the greater flower hath the longer and narrower trunke; and the lesser flower, the shorter and wider open, yet both a little crumpled at the edges or brimmes: the rootes of both are like one vnto another, but differ in the greatnesse. From the seede of these haue sprung much variety, few or none keeping either colour or height with the mother plants.

_Pseudonarcissus Anglicus vulgaris._ Our common English wilde bastard Daffodill.

This bastard Daffodill is so common in all England, both in Copses, Woods, and Orchards, that I might well forbeare the description thereof, and especially, in that growing wilde, it is of little respect in our Garden: but yet, lest I bee challenged of ignorance in common plants, and in regard of some variety therein worth the marking. I will set downe his description and variety as briefly as I may: It hath three or foure grayish greene leaues, long and somewhat narrow, among which riseth vp the stalke, about a span high or little higher, bearing at the toppe, out of a skinnie huske, as all other Daffodils haue, one flower (although sometimes I haue seene two together) somewhat large, hauing the six leaues that stand like wings, of a pale yellow colour, and the long trunke in the middle of a faire yellow, with the edges or brimmes a little crumpled or vneuen: after the flower is past, it beareth a round head, seeming three square, containing round blacke seede; the roote is somewhat blackish on the outside.

But there is another of this kinde like vnto the former, whose further description you haue here before; the wings of which flower are much more white then the former, and in a manner of a milke white colour, the trunke remaining almost as yellow as the former, and not differing in any thing else.

1 _Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus maximus aureus._ The great yellow
Spanish bastard Daffodill.
2 _Pseudonarcissus Pyrenæus variformis._ The Mountaine bastard
Daffodill of diuers kindes.
3 _Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus maior albus._ The greater white Spanish
bastard Daffodill.
4 _Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus minor albus._ The lesser Spanish white
bastard Daffodill.
5 _Pseudonarcissus tubo sexangulari._ The six cornered bastard
Daffodill.
6 _Pseudonarcissus maximus aureus, siue Roseus Tradescanti._ Iohn
Tradescants great Rose Daffodill.
7 _Pseudonarcissus aureus Anglicus maximus._ Master Wilmers great
double Daffodill.
8 _Pseudonarcissus Hispanicus aureus flore pleno._ The double Spanish
Daffodill, or Parkinsons double Daffodill.
9 _Pseudonarcissus Gallicus maior flore pleno._ The greater double
French Daffodill.
10 _Pseudonarcissus Anglicus flore pleno._ The double English
Daffodill, or Gerrards double Daffodill.
]

_Pseudonarcissus tubo sexangulari._ The six cornered bastard Daffodill.

This kinde of Daffodill hath two or three long, and somewhat broader leaues then the last, between which commeth forth a stalke, bearing one flower somewhat large hauing the six outer leaues of a pale yellow colour, and the long trunke plaited or cornered all along vnto the very edge into six parts, of a little deeper yellow then the wings.

The Place.

The first great Spanish kinde was brought out of Spaine. The
rest from the Pyrenæan Mountaines, onely the last sauing one
is plentifull in our owne Country, but the white sort of that
kinde came with the rest from the same Mountaines.

The Time.

The pale or third kinde, and the English bee the most early,
all the rest flower in Aprill, and the greatest yellow somewhat
earlier, then the other greater or lesser white.

The Names.

Their seuerall names are expressed in their titles sufficient
to distinguish them, and therefore there needeth no more to be
said of them.

1. _Pseudonarcissus aureus maximus flore pleno, siue Roseus Tradescanti._ The greatest double yellow bastard Daffodill, or Iohn Tradescant his great Rose Daffodill.