Chapter IV: The Magistracy

_GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAGISTRACY_

1. _Imperium_ and _potestas_, 152. Administrative powers of the
magistrates, 152. Military powers, 153. The right to triumph, 156.
Powers exercised in connexion with the people, 158. The _contio_
and the _comitia_, 159. Right of acting with the _plebs_, 161.
The right of consulting the Senate, 161. General powers of the
magistrates; the _auspicia_, 162. The _coercitio_, 167. Conflict
between the powers of the magistrates; the _obnuntiatio_, 172. The
right of prohibition, 173. The _intercessio_, 176. The civil and
criminal responsibility of magistrates, 181. The qualifications for
office, 183. The formalities of candidature and election, 187. The
_insignia_ of office, 191.

_THE INDIVIDUAL MAGISTRACIES_

2. The dictator, 191. The magister equitum, 195. The consuls,
196. The praetors, 202. The aediles, 208. The quaestors, 212. The
censors, 216. The plebeian magistrates, 233. The minor magistrates,
234.

CHAPTER V

THE PEOPLE AND ITS POWERS

Legislation, 238. Form of a _lex_, 242. Control of external matters,
243. Elective powers, 245. Judicial powers, 245. Rescission of
sentences by the people, 248. Remission of outlawry and amnesty,
249. Grounds of invalidity of popular acts, 249. The different
_comitia_; the _comitia curiata_, 250. The _comitia centuriata_ and
its reorganisation, 252. The _comitia tributa_, 253. The _concilium
plebis_, 253. Elections to the religious colleges, 254. Formalities
observed in the meetings of the assemblies, 255.

CHAPTER VI

THE SENATE

Reasons for the growth of the Senate’s power, 261. Method of
appointment of senators, 263. External distinctions of senators,
265. Reforms of Sulla, 266. Rules of initiative and debate in the
Senate, 267. The _senatus consultum_ and _senatus auctoritas_, 272.
Powers of the Senate; its probouleutic authority, 273. Suspension of
magistrates, 275. Quasi-legislative power, 275. Power of exempting
from laws, 276. Revising power, 276. Influence on jurisdiction, 277.
Appointment of special commissions, 278. Declaration of martial law,
279. Police control, 282. Control of foreign policy, 282. Control of
finance, 286. Control of religion, 287.

CHAPTER VII

THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF ROME AND THE INCORPORATION OF ITALY

Difference between the Greek and Italian conceptions of international
law, 289. International customs of Rome, 290. International relations
with foreign states, 292. The _jus gentium_, 294. The federation of
Latium, 295. Extension of the league and change in its character,
296. The organisation of Italy; _cives_ and _socii_, 299. Proposals
to extend the franchise, 310. Settlement after the social war, 312.
Incorporation of Cisalpine Gaul, 314.

CHAPTER VIII

THE ORGANISATION AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES

Origin of provincial government, 316. The conception of a
_provincia_, 317. Free and allied cities, 317. _Stipendiariae
civitates_; the _lex provinciae_, 318. Taxation, 319. The governor
and his staff, 322. The spheres of administration, 324. Jurisdiction,
325. The provincial edict, 326. General estimate of provincial
government, 328.

CHAPTER IX

THE REVOLUTION AND THE TRANSITION TO THE PRINCIPATE

Objects of the party of reform, 331. Elements in the party of reform,
332. The balance of parties; the _equites_, 333. The issue of the
struggle, 334. The sole rule of Caesar, 336. The Triumvirate and the
establishment of the Principate, 338.