Chapter I: =Elementary Institutes= (7)

(d) If he had played his rook to your king’s third, to prevent the check of your bishop; you must have played your rook to your king’s rook’s fourth, in order to give mate the next move.

THIRD BACK GAME,

_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.

7.
W. The rook at its queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.

8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The king at his knight’s square.

9.
W. The rook at its king’s rook’s 4th, and must win the game.

METHOD

OF FORCING THE BLACK TO TAKE THE
POSITION ABOVE ASSIGNED, IN ORDER TO
GIVE MATE WITH A ROOK AND BISHOP
AGAINST A ROOK.

_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The bishop at his king’s 3d square.
The rook at its queen’s rook’s 2d.

_Situation of the Black._
The king at his 3d square.
The rook at its queen’s 2d square.

1.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s 2d.(a)
B. The rook at its queen’s square.

2.
W. The bishop at his king’s bishop’s 4th.(b)
B. The rook at its king’s square.

(a) If you had checked with your rook, he would have covered with his; but he is now obliged to retract his rook, which enables you to employ your bishop.

(b) This prevents his rook from covering the check from yours, so that you may force his king to retrograde.

3.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s 2d.

4.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s 2d.

5.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s square.(c)
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.

6.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(d)

(c) This move is material, in order to employ your bishop as above directed; that is, to debar his rook from covering the check, which you will give with yours.

(d) If he had moved the king to his square, you must then have advanced your king to the face of his king, and left your bishop exposed. The whole difficulty consists in placing your bishop at the adverse king’s fourth. Your adversary’s manœuvre to prevent it, will be, leaving his king inactive, and playing his rook, alternately, from the second to the first square of your king’s bishop.

7.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The king at his square.(e) ☜

8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The rook at its king’s bishop’s 2d.

9.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.

10.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s square.

11.
W. The rook gives check, at the adverse queen’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his square.

12.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d, and finds himself
in the position above assigned.

(e) Had he given you check with his rook, you must have played your king to the adverse queen’s fourth, which would have given your bishop the necessary liberty. The adversary could have likewise played his king to his knight’s square, which will be made the subject of a back game.

BACK GAME,

_On the Seventh Move of the Black_.

7.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The king at his knight’s square.

8.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The rook at its king’s bishop’s 2d.

9.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s square.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.

10.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s 2d.

11.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.

12.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his rook’s 3d.

13.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s 2d.

14.
W. The rook at its king’s knight’s square.
B. The rook at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.

15.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his rook’s 4th.

16.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse king’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his rook’s 3d.

17.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The rook at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 2d.

18.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. The rook gives check.

19.
W. The bishop covers the check.
B. The rook at its queen’s 2d.

20.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s square.
B. The king at his rook’s 4th.

21.
W. The rook at its queen’s knight’s 4th,
and will give check-mate the next move.

It may be seen by this back-game, that when the pieces do not exactly stand in the situation before assigned, there may be various ways to force the mate: but a circumstance that cannot be dispensed with, is, that the bishop must stand on a diagonal that runs close to his king, to cover him in case of a check.

METHOD
OF GIVING CHECK-MATE WITH A KNIGHT
AND A BISHOP.

_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The queen’s knight at his square.
The king’s bishop at his square.

_Situation of the Black._
The king at his bishop’s 3d.

1.
W. The bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 4th.(a)
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.

2.
W. The king at his bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s 3d.

(a) The mate must be given in the corner which is of the colour on which the bishop moves; and when the adverse king retires to the corner, differently coloured, the stroke is effected, by a gradual process of eighteen or twenty moves.

3.
W. The knight at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his knight’s 3d.

4.
W. The knight at his king’s 4th.(b)
B. The king at his rook’s 3d.

5.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his rook’s 2d.(c)

6.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his rook’s square.(d)

7.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his rook’s 2d.

(b) The office of the knight is, to exclude the adverse king from the squares which are out of the bishop’s field.

(c) If he had played his king to his rook’s fourth, you must have given check with the bishop at your king’s second; and should he then pass his king to that quarter of the board which has a corner square of your bishop’s colour, you will mate him in a few moves.

(d) If he had moved to his rook’s third, you must have played your bishop to your king’s second, to oblige his king to seek shelter in the black angle, whence your knight will soon dislodge him.

8.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.(e)
B. The king at his knight’s square.(f)

9.
W. The bishop at his queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.

10.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his square.

11.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.(g) ☜

12.
W. The knight gives check at the adverse queen’s 2d.
B. The king at his square.

(e) From this position, the mate is forced in about eighteen or twenty moves.

(f) The knight prevents his king from returning to the corner. Your object is, to exclude him with the knight from the black squares, and with the bishop from the white ones.

(g) He might have played his king to his queen’s square; which is traced to its consequences in a back game.

13.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

14.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his square.

15.
W. The bishop gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

16.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.

17.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

18.
W. The knight gives check at the adverse queen’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop square.

19.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.

20.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.

21.
W. The bishop gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.

22.
W. The bishop at the adverse queen’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s square.

23.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s square.

24.
W. The knight gives check at the adverse queen’s rook’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s square.

25.
W. The bishop gives check-mate.

BACK GAME,

_On the Eleventh Move of the Black_.

11.
W. The knight at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

12.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.

13.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s 2d.(a)
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.

14.
W. The bishop at his queen’s 3d.(b)
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.

15.
W. The bishop at his king’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

16.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his square.

(a) It is to be observed, that the knight does not change the direction of his moves, whether the black player adopt the course of the game or the back game.

(b) If you had given check with your bishop, he would have passed his king into the other corner; and your attack would have been eluded.

17.
W. The bishop gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

18.
W. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.

19.
W. The knight at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.(c)

(c) It is needless to proceed. The position induced by the back game, is that of the seventeenth move of the game.

A PARTY,

WON WITH A ROOK AND A PAWN AGAINST A BISHOP.

_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The queen’s pawn at the queen’s 4th.
The rook at its queen’s square.

_Situation of the Black._
The king at his 3d square.
The king’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.

1.
W. The rook at its queen’s rook’s square.(a)
B. The bishop at his queen’s knight’s square.

2.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The bishop covers the check.(b)

(a) If you had pushed your pawn, to give check, you would have furnished the adversary with the means of making a drawn game, as will be seen afterwards.

(b) If he had withdrawn his king, you must have protruded yours to the van of your pawn. This party is to be won, only by advancing your king, and confining that of your adversary to the last rank, previously to pushing the pawn.

3.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s knight’s 3d.(c)
B. The king at his queen’s 2d.

4.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.

5.
W. The rook gives check at the adverse queen’s rook’s 2d.
B. The bishop covers the check.

6.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.

7.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 3d.(d)

(c) This move imposes on him a necessity of retracting his king, and resigning the field to yours.

(d) In this position the game is won, either by pushing the pawn to queen, or forcing the adverse bishop.

A DRAWN GAME,

WITH A ROOK AND A PAWN AGAINST A BISHOP.

_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The queen’s pawn at the queen’s 4th.
The rook at its queen’s square.

_Situation of the Black._
The king at his 3d square.
The king’s bishop at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.

1.
W. The pawn gives check.(a)
B. The king at his queen’s 2d.

2.
W. The king at his queen’s 4th.
B. The bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.

(a) The result from this movement must be a drawn game, because your king cannot recover the opportunity of advancing before your pawn, supposing your adversary to play with critical precision.

3.
W. The rook at its queen’s rook’s square.
B. The bishop at the adverse king’s bishop’s 4th.(b)

4.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s 3d.(c)

5.
W. The king at his 4th square.
B. The bishop at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.(d)

(b) It is material for him to keep his bishop at a distance from your king, to enable him to give check, should you play the king to one of the black squares next to your pawn.

(c) If he had covered the check, you would have won the game, by pushing your king forwards to the black square facing his bishop.

(d) If he had played his bishop to your king’s rook’s second, you would have won the game, by playing your rook to his king’s knight’s second. It is to be observed, that, in the defence of this party, the bishop, while he is so distant as to secure himself from capture, must be ready to step into a diagonal that bears on the adverse king.

6.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The bishop at the adverse king’s square, in readiness to check.

7.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his queen’s 2d.

8.
W. The pawn 1 square.(e)
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 3d.(f)

9.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 4th.
B. The bishop at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.(g)

10.
W. The pawn 1 square, discovering check from the rook.
B. The king takes the pawn.

(e) Had you advanced the king, he would have obliged you to retrograde, by a check from his bishop.

(f) Any other movement would have occasioned him the loss of the game.

(g) In this position your pawn is forced; as your king cannot proceed, without intercepting the communication between the pawn and the rook.

11.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.(h)

(h) When a player has a bishop against a rook, he must as soon as possible station his king on a corner square of the chess-board, of a different colour from the field of the bishop. It is the only place where he can insure a drawn game.

METHOD

OF GIVING CHECK-MATE WITH A SINGLE ROOK.

_Situation of the White._
The king at his 4th square.
The rook at its king’s rook’s square.

_Situation of the Black._
The king at his 3d square.

1.
W. The rook gives check.
B. The king at his 2d square.

2.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 4th square.
B. The king at his queen’s 2d square.(a)

(a) His king must be opposite to yours, previously to each time of your giving check with your rook; because his king is then forced, by the check, to retrograde.

3.
W. The rook at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.(b)
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s 2d.

4.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 2d.

5.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s rook’s 2d.

6.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s knight’s 4th.
B. The king at his queen’s knight’s 2d.(c)

7.
W. The rook gives check, at the adverse king’s knight’s 2d.
B. The king at his queen’s bishop’s square.

(b) If you had played your king opposite to his, he would have restored his king to its previous place; whereas, should he on this move play his king to the face of yours, you may force him back by the check of your rook.

(c) In the present case he is obliged to place his king opposite to yours, or absolutely to abandon the rank.

8.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his queen’s square.

9.
W. The rook at the adverse queen’s rook’s 2d.
B. The king at his square.

10.
W. The king at the adverse queen’s 3d.
B. The king at his bishop’s square.

11.
W. The king at the adverse king’s 3d.
B. The king at his knight’s square.

12.
W. The king at the adverse king’s bishop’s 3d.
B. The king at his rook’s square.

13.
W. The king at the adverse king’s knight’s 3d.
B. The king at his knight’s square.

14.
W. The rook gives check-mate.

There is another mode of giving check-mate with a rook, which may be practised with great facility, and which will, in general, be found more summary than that which has been exhibited. A description of it, sufficiently intelligible, may be conveyed to the player, without a notation of the moves. The principle of it, is, to confine the adverse king in a square, two sides of which are formed by the extremities of the board, and two sides by two impassable lines, running from the station of the rook. This station must, at the commencement, prescribe all possible limitation; and the square you continually abridge, by the progression of the rook, supported by the king. When the adverse king is reduced to an area of four squares, it will be proper to suspend the action of the rook, leaving him in the great diagonal, on the third square from the corner. The interim will be employed in seating your own king on the third square of the rank or the file. This completes the preparation for check-mate.