Chapter LXXIII: Part 73
UAE 15.1%, China 11.6%, US 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, Kuwait 5.3%, Germany 4.8% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$7.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Currency (code):
Yemeni rial (YER)
Currency code:
YER
Exchange rates:
Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - 199.14 (2007), 197.18 (2006), 192.67 (2005), 184.78 (2004), 183.45 (2003)
Communications Yemen
Telephones - main lines in use:
968,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
2.978 million (2006)
Telephone system:
general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards international: country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios:
1.05 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
3 (including one Egypt-based station that broadcasts in Yemen); plus several repeaters (2007)
Televisions:
470,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.ye
Internet hosts:
167 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1 (2000)
Internet users:
320,000 (2007)
Transportation Yemen
Airports:
50 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 17 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 33 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 4 (2007)
Pipelines:
gas 71 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,309 km (2007)
Roadways:
total: 71,300 km paved: 6,200 km unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
Merchant marine:
total: 4 by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 13 (North Korea 2, Moldova 1, Panama 6, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Sierra Leone 2, unknown 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Aden, Hudaydah, Mukalla
Transportation - note:
the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom
Military Yemen
Military branches:
Army (includes Republican Guard), Navy (includes Marines), Yemen Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Jamahiriya al Yemeniya; includes Air Defense Force) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
voluntary military service program authorized in 2001; 2-year service obligation (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 5,080,038 females age 16-49: 4,852,555 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 3,585,947 females age 16-49: 3,619,195 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 268,468 female: 258,196 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
6.6% of GDP (2006)
Military - note:
a Coast Guard was established in 2002
Transnational Issues Yemen
Disputes - international:
Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008
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@Zambia
Introduction Zambia
Background:
The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption investigation in 2002 to probe high-level corruption during the previous administration. In 2006-07, this task force successfully prosecuted four cases, including a landmark civil case in the UK in which former President CHILUBA and numerous others were found liable for USD 41 million. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair.
Geography Zambia
Location:
Southern Africa, east of Angola
Geographic coordinates:
15 00 S, 30 00 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 752,614 sq km land: 740,724 sq km water: 11,890 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Terrain:
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Natural resources:
copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 6.99% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 92.97% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,560 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
105.2 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 1.74 cu km/yr (17%/7%/76%) per capita: 149 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Environment - current issues:
air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
People Zambia
Population:
11,669,534 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 45.4% (male 2,659,572/female 2,634,379) 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 3,045,536/female 3,053,465) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 115,662/female 160,920) (2008 est.)
Median age:
total: 16.9 years male: 16.8 years female: 17.1 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.654% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
40.52 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 38.59 years male: 38.49 years female: 38.7 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
5.23 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
16.5% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
920,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
89,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Nationality:
noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian
Ethnic groups:
African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Religions:
Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Languages:
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 80.6% male: 86.8% female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 7 years male: 7 years female: 7 years (2000)
Education expenditures:
2% of GDP (2005)
Government Zambia
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Zambia conventional short form: Zambia former: Northern Rhodesia
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Lusaka geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Independence:
24 October 1964 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Constitution:
24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Legal system:
based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note - President BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual death of President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then elected president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 October 2008 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president; note - due to the untimely death of former President Levy MWANAWASA, early elections were held to identify a replacement to serve out the remainder of his term election results: Rupiah BANDA elected president; percent of vote - Rupiah BANDA 40.1%, Michael SATA 38.1%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 19.7%, Godfrey MIYANDA 0.8%, other 1.3%
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members are appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 28 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not determined 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Political parties and leaders:
All Peoples Congress Party [Winright NGONDO]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA]; National Democratic Focus or NDF; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA; United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719 FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues, Lusaka mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka telephone: [260] (211) 250-955 FAX: [260] (211) 252-225
Flag description:
green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
Economy Zambia
Economy - overview:
Zambia's economy has experienced modest growth in recent years, with real GDP growth in 2005-07 between 5-6% per year. Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of approximately USD 6 billion in debt relief. Zambia experienced a bumper harvest in 2007, which helped to boost GDP and agricultural exports and contain inflation. Although poverty continues to be significant problem in Zambia, its economy has strengthened, featuring single-digit inflation, a relatively stable currency, decreasing interest rates, and increasing levels of trade.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$16.1 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$11.16 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,400 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 17.4% industry: 26.1% services: 56.5% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
4.989 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 85% industry: 6% services: 9% (2004)
Unemployment rate:
50% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line:
86% (1993)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 38.8% (2004)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
50.8 (2004)
Investment (gross fixed):
26.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $2.655 billion expenditures: $2.8 billion (2007 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Public debt:
28.1% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
10.6% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
11.73% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
18.89% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$995.8 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$1.709 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$1.968 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides
Industries:
copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Industrial production growth rate:
6.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
9.289 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
8.625 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - exports:
255 million kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports:
68 million kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 0.5% hydro: 99.5% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Oil - production:
150 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
14,760 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports:
190.6 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - imports:
13,810 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - proved reserves:
NA
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
-$228 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$4.594 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton
Exports - partners:
Switzerland 41.8%, South Africa 12%, Thailand 5.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.3%, Egypt 5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, China 4.1% (2007)
Imports:
$3.611 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners:
South Africa 47.4%, UAE 6.3%, China 6%, India 4.1%, UK 4% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$504 million (2007)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$4.5 billion (2007)
Currency (code):
Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Currency code:
ZMK
Exchange rates:
Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - 3,990.2 (2007), 3,601.5 (2006), 4,463.5 (2005), 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003)
Communications Zambia
Telephones - main lines in use:
91,800 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
2.639 million (2007)
Telephone system:
general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios:
1.2 million (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
9 (2001)
Televisions:
277,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.zm
Internet hosts:
7,610 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
5 (2001)
Internet users:
500,000 (2007)
Transportation Zambia
Airports:
107 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 98 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 64 under 914 m: 29 (2007)
Pipelines:
oil 771 km (2007)
Railways:
total: 2,157 km narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2006)
Roadways:
total: 91,440 km paved: 20,117 km unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Waterways:
2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Mpulungu
Military Zambia
Military branches:
Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambian Army, Zambian Air Force, National Service (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,678,668 females age 16-49: 2,567,433 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,329,343 females age 16-49: 1,218,114 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 147,358 female: 146,771 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues Zambia
Disputes - international:
in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 42,250 Congolese refugees in Zambia are offered voluntary repatriation in November 2006, most of whom are expected to return in the next two years; Angolan refugees too have been repatriating but 26,450 still remain with 90,000 others from other neighboring states in 2006
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)
Trafficking in persons:
current situation: Zambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; many Zambian child laborers, particularly those in the agriculture, domestic service, and fishing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking; Zambian women, lured by false employment or marriage offers abroad, are trafficked to South Africa via Zimbabwe and to Europe via Malawi for sexual exploitation; Zambia is a transit point for regional trafficking of women and children, particularly from Angola to Namibia and from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa for agricultural labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking, particularly in regard to its inability to bring alleged traffickers to justice through prosecutions and convictions; unlike 2006, there were no new prosecutions or convictions of alleged traffickers in 2007; government efforts to protect victims of trafficking remained extremely limited throughout the year (2008)
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008
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@Zimbabwe
Introduction Zimbabwe
Background:
The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began in 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority in the March 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished in the late 1980s. In April 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted in the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition. President MUGABE in June 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty for months. General elections held in March 2008 contained irregularities but still amounted to a censure of the ZANU-PF-led government with significant gains in opposition seats in parliament. MDC opposition leader Morgan TSVANGIRAI won the presidential polls, and may have won an out right majority, but official results posted by the Zimbabwe Electoral Committee did not reflect this. In the lead up to a run-off election in late June 2008, considerable violence enacted against opposition party members led to the withdrawal of TSVANGIRAI from the ballot. Extensive evidence of vote tampering and ballot-box stuffing resulted in international condemnation of the process, and calls for the creation of a power-sharing government have been ignored.
Geography Zimbabwe
Location:
Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
Geographic coordinates:
20 00 S, 30 00 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 390,580 sq km land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than Montana
Land boundaries:
total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
Terrain:
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m
Natural resources:
coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Land use:
arable land: 8.24% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 91.43% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,740 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
20 cu km (1987)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 4.21 cu km/yr (14%/7%/79%) per capita: 324 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural hazards:
recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
Environment - current issues:
deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water
People Zimbabwe
Population:
11,350,111 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43.9% (male 2,514,135/female 2,465,715) 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 2,671,164/female 3,260,457) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 194,854/female 243,786) (2008 est.)
Median age:
total: 17.6 years male: 16.4 years female: 18.8 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.787% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
31.62 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate:
17.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
NA note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.82 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 33.86 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 44.28 years male: 45.08 years female: 43.46 years (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.72 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
24.6% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1.8 million (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
170,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Nationality:
noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean
Ethnic groups:
African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
Religions:
syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Languages:
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 90.7% male: 94.2% female: 87.2% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 9 years male: 9 years female: 9 years (2003)
Education expenditures:
4.6% of GDP (2000)
Government Zimbabwe
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
Government type:
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
name: Harare geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
Independence:
18 April 1980 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Constitution:
21 December 1979
Legal system:
mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 held by the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - all elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 28 March 2008 (next to be held in 2013) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.6%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.6%; seats by party - MDC 30, ZANU-PF 30; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.3%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.9%; seats by party - MDC 109, ZANU-PF 97, other 4
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court; High Court
Political parties and leaders:
African National Party or ANP [Egypt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI, anti-Senate faction; Arthur MUTAMBARA, pro-Senate faction]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition [Xolani ZITHA]; National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE]
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador James D. MCGEE embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796-488, or 722-618
Flag description:
seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people
Economy Zimbabwe
Economy - overview:
The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, passed 1000% in 2006, and 26000% in November 2007. Private sector estimates of inflation in 2007 are well above 100,000%. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar in 2007.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$2.342 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$641 million note: hyperinflation and the plunging value of the Zimbabwean dollar makes Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-5.5% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$200 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 18.1% industry: 22.6% services: 59.3% (2007 est.)
Labor force:
4.032 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 66% industry: 10% services: 24% (1996)
Unemployment rate:
80% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
68% (2004)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 40.4% (1995)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
50.1 (2006)
Investment (gross fixed):
16.7% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $2.442 billion expenditures: $3.017 billion (2007 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Public debt:
218.2% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12,563% official data; private sector estimates are much higher (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
975% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
578.96% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$14.18 billion note: This number reflects the vastly overvalued official exchange rate of 30,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar. At an unofficial rate of 800,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar, the stock of Zimbabwe dollars would equal only about US$500 million and Zimbabwe's velocity of money (the number of times money turns over in the course of a year) would be nine, in line with the velocity of money for other countries in the region. (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$5.349 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$24.91 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs
Industries:
mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
Industrial production growth rate:
-5% (2007 est.)
Electricity - production:
9.467 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
11.59 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - exports:
34 million kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - imports:
2.867 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 47% hydro: 53% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - consumption:
14,590 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - imports:
15,800 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
-$649 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$1.52 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
Exports - partners:
South Africa 33.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.3%, Japan 8.1%, Botswana 7.4%, Netherlands 5.2%, China 5.2%, Italy 4.1%, Zambia 4.1% (2007)
Imports:
$2.183 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels
Imports - partners:
South Africa 50.7%, China 8.4%, US 4.5%, Botswana 4.3% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$367.7 million (2005 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$120 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$5.155 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$26.56 billion (2006)
Currency (code):
Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
Currency code:
ZWD
Exchange rates:
Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - 30,000 (2007), 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003) note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly
Communications Zimbabwe
Telephones - main lines in use:
344,500 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1.226 million (2007)
Telephone system:
general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios:
1.14 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
16 (1997)
Televisions:
370,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.zw
Internet hosts:
19,157 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
6 (2000)
Internet users:
1.351 million (2007)
Transportation Zimbabwe
Airports:
341 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 19 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 322 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 152 under 914 m: 166 (2007)
Pipelines:
refined products 270 km (2007)
Railways:
total: 3,077 km narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2006)
Roadways:
total: 97,267 km paved: 18,481 km unpaved: 78,786 km (2002)
Waterways:
on Lake Kariba (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Binga, Kariba
Military Zimbabwe
Military branches:
Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18-24 years of age for compulsory military service; women are eligible to serve (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 3,264,258 females age 16-49: 3,048,049 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,643,036 females age 16-49: 1,404,663 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 144,601 female: 147,627 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
3.8% of GDP (2006)
Transnational Issues Zimbabwe
Disputes - international:
Botswana built electric fences and South Africa has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 2,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo) IDPs: 569,685 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2007)
Trafficking in persons:
current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased; rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work, often laboring for months in South Africa without pay before "employers" have them arrested and deported as illegal immigrants; young women and girls are lured abroad with false employment offers that result in involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation; men, women, and children from neighboring states are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zimbabwe is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, and because the absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is significantly increasing; the trafficking situation in the country is worsening as more of the population is made vulnerable by declining socio-economic conditions (2008)
Illicit drugs:
transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008
======================================================================
@2001 GDP (purchasing power parity)
Afghanistan
$35 billion (2007 est.)
Albania
$20.87 billion
note: Albania has a large gray economy that may be as large as 50%
of official GDP (2007 est.)
Algeria
$222.3 billion (2007 est.)
American Samoa
$510.1 million (2003 est.)
Andorra
$2.77 billion (2005)
Angola
$95.46 billion (2007 est.)
Anguilla
$108.9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
$1.526 billion (2007 est.)
Argentina
$526.4 billion (2007 est.)
Armenia
$17.17 billion (2007 est.)
Aruba
$2.258 billion (2005 est.)
Australia
$773 billion (2007 est.)
Austria
$322 billion (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
$64.66 billion (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The
$8.553 billion (2007 est.)
Bahrain
$24.01 billion (2007 est.)
Bangladesh
$208.3 billion (2007 est.)
Barbados
$5.31 billion (2007 est.)
Belarus
$103.5 billion (2007 est.)
Belgium
$376.5 billion (2007 est.)
Belize
$2.444 billion (2007 est.)
Benin
$12 billion (2007 est.)
Bermuda
$4.5 billion (2004 est.)
Bhutan
$3.359 billion (2007 est.)
Bolivia
$39.75 billion (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$27.7 billion
note: Bosnia has a large informal sector that could also be as much
as 50% of official GDP (2007 est.)
Botswana
$26.04 billion (2007 est.)
Brazil
$1.849 trillion (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands
$853.4 million (2004 est.)
Brunei
$19.64 billion (2007 est.)
Bulgaria
$86.71 billion (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso
$17.41 billion (2007 est.)
Burma
$91.13 billion (2007 est.)
Burundi
$2.907 billion (2007 est.)
Cambodia
$26.19 billion (2007 est.)
Cameroon
$40.24 billion (2007 est.)
Canada
$1.271 trillion (2007 est.)
Cape Verde
$1.603 billion (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
$1.939 billion (2004 est.)
Central African Republic
$3.007 billion (2007 est.)
Chad
$15.26 billion (2007 est.)
Chile
$232.8 billion (2007 est.)
China
$7.099 trillion (2007 est.)
Christmas Island
$NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA
Colombia
$327.7 billion (2007 est.)
Comoros
$1.262 billion (2007 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$19.03 billion (2007 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
$12.86 billion (2007 est.)
Cook Islands
$183.2 million (2005 est.)
Costa Rica
$45.77 billion (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$32.85 billion (2007 est.)
Croatia
$69.59 billion (2007 est.)
Cuba
$125.5 billion (2007 est.)
Cyprus
$21.4 billion (2007 est.)
Czech Republic
$251 billion (2007 est.)
Denmark
$203.3 billion (2007 est.)
Djibouti
$1.738 billion (2007 est.)
Dominica
$648 million (2007 est.)
Dominican Republic
$61.67 billion (2007 est.)
Ecuador
$98.71 billion (2007 est.)
Egypt
$405.4 billion (2007 est.)
El Salvador
$41.63 billion (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
$15.54 billion (2007 est.)
Eritrea
$3.619 billion (2007 est.)
Estonia
$28.69 billion (2007 est.)
Ethiopia
$56.05 billion (2007 est.)
European Union
$14.43 trillion (2007 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$75 million (2002 est.)
Faroe Islands
$1 billion (2001 est.)
Fiji
$5.079 billion (2007 est.)
Finland
$188.4 billion (2007 est.)
France
$2.075 trillion (2007 est.)
French Polynesia
$4.58 billion (2003 est.)
Gabon
$20.44 billion (2007 est.)
Gambia, The
$2.061 billion (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip
$5.034 billion (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
Georgia
$20.6 billion (2007 est.)
Germany
$2.807 trillion (2007 est.)
Ghana
$31.13 billion (2007 est.)
Gibraltar
$1.066 billion (2005 est.)
Greece
$327.6 billion (2007 est.)
Greenland
$1.1 billion (2001 est.)
Grenada
$1.108 billion (2007 est.)
Guam
$2.5 billion (2005 est.)
Guatemala
$64.76 billion (2007 est.)
Guernsey
$2.742 billion (2005)
Guinea
$10.96 billion (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
$826.4 million (2007 est.)
Guyana
$2.819 billion (2007 est.)
Haiti
$11.38 billion (2007 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
$NA
Honduras
$32.26 billion (2007 est.)
Hong Kong
$293.3 billion (2007 est.)
Hungary
$191.7 billion (2007 est.)
Iceland
$12.19 billion (2007 est.)
India
$2.966 trillion (2007 est.)
Indonesia
$843.7 billion (2007 est.)
Iran
$762.9 billion (2007 est.)
Iraq
$102.4 billion (2007 est.)
Ireland
$191.6 billion (2007 est.)
Isle of Man
$2.719 billion (2005 est.)
Israel
$185.8 billion (2007 est.)
Italy
$1.8 trillion (2007 est.)
Jamaica
$20.48 billion (2007 est.)
Japan
$4.272 trillion (2007 est.)
Jersey
$5.1 billion (2005 est.)
Jordan
$28.45 billion (2007 est.)
Kazakhstan
$168.2 billion (2007 est.)
Kenya
$61.22 billion (2007 est.)
Kiribati
$348 million (2007 est.)
Korea, North
$40 billion
note: North Korea does not publish any reliable National Income
Accounts data; the datum shown here is derived from purchasing power
parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus
MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was
extrapolated to 2007 using estimated real growth rates for North
Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator;
the result was rounded to the nearest $10 billion (2007 est.)
Korea, South
$1.206 trillion (2007 est.)
Kosovo
$4 billion (2007 est.)
Kuwait
$140 billion (2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
$10.55 billion (2007 est.)
Laos
$12.8 billion (2007 est.)
Latvia
$40.05 billion (2007 est.)
Lebanon
$40.44 billion (2007 est.)
Lesotho
$3.063 billion (2007 est.)
Liberia
$1.525 billion (2007 est.)
Libya
$74.72 billion (2007 est.)
Liechtenstein
$1.786 billion (2001 est.)
Lithuania
$59.98 billion (2007 est.)
Luxembourg
$38.14 billion (2007 est.)
Macau
$12.5 billion (2006)
Macedonia
$17.35 billion
note: Macedonia has a large informal sector (2007 est.)
Madagascar
$18.44 billion (2007 est.)
Malawi
$10.59 billion (2007 est.)
Malaysia
$361.2 billion (2007 est.)
Maldives
$1.588 billion (2007 est.)
Mali
$13.63 billion (2007 est.)
Malta
$9.4 billion (2007 est.)
Marshall Islands
$115 million (2001 est.)
Mauritania
$5.974 billion (2007 est.)
Mauritius
$14.27 billion (2007 est.)
Mayotte
$953.6 million (2005 est.)
Mexico
$1.353 trillion (2007 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
$277 million; note - supplemented by
grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually (2002 est.)
Moldova
$9.756 billion (2007 est.)
Monaco
$976.3 million
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates
are extremely rough (2006 est.)
Mongolia
$8.542 billion (2007 est.)
Montenegro
$5.918 billion (2007 est.)
Montserrat
$29 million (2002 est.)
Morocco
$125 billion (2007 est.)
Mozambique
$17.64 billion (2007 est.)
Namibia
$10.69 billion (2007 est.)
Nauru
$60 million (2005 est.)
Nepal
$29.29 billion (2007 est.)
Netherlands
$645.5 billion (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
$2.8 billion (2004 est.)
New Caledonia
$3.158 billion (2003 est.)
New Zealand
$112.4 billion (2007 est.)
Nicaragua
$16.17 billion (2007 est.)
Niger
$8.859 billion (2007 est.)
Nigeria
$296.1 billion (2007 est.)
Niue
$7.6 million (2000 est.)
Norfolk Island
$NA
Northern Mariana Islands
$900 million
note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy (2000 est.)
Norway
$246.6 billion (2007 est.)
Oman
$60.89 billion (2007 est.)
Pakistan
$411.9 billion (2007 est.)
Palau
$124.5 million
note: GDP estimates includes US subsidy (2004 est.)
Panama
$34.81 billion (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea
$12.05 billion (2007 est.)
Paraguay
$26.7 billion (2007 est.)
Peru
$219.6 billion (2007 est.)
Philippines
$300.1 billion (2007 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
$NA
Poland
$623.1 billion (2007 est.)
Portugal
$232.3 billion (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico
$72.61 billion (2007 est.)
Qatar
$71.42 billion (2007 est.)
Romania
$247.1 billion (2007 est.)
Russia
$2.097 trillion (2007 est.)
Rwanda
$8.057 billion (2007 est.)
Saint Helena
$18 million (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
$721 million (2007 est.)
Saint Lucia
$1.794 billion (2007 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$48.3 million
note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60
million (2003 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$1.042 billion (2007 est.)
Samoa
$1.029 billion (2007 est.)
San Marino
$850 million (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
$256 million (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia
$546 billion (2007 est.)
Senegal
$21.02 billion (2007 est.)
Serbia
$77.28 billion (2007 est.)
Seychelles
$1.378 billion (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone
$3.991 billion (2007 est.)
Singapore
$227.1 billion (2007 est.)
Slovakia
$110.2 billion (2007 est.)
Slovenia
$56.19 billion (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands
$948 million (2007 est.)
Somalia
$5.387 billion (2007 est.)
South Africa
$467.8 billion (2007 est.)
Spain
$1.361 trillion (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
$82.02 billion (2007 est.)
Sudan
$80.98 billion (2007 est.)
Suriname
$3.846 billion (2007 est.)
Svalbard
$NA
Swaziland
$5.364 billion (2007 est.)
Sweden
$338.5 billion (2007 est.)
Switzerland
$303.2 billion (2007 est.)
Syria
$90.37 billion (2007 est.)
Taiwan
$698.6 billion (2007 est.)
Tajikistan
$11.96 billion (2007 est.)
Tanzania
$51.07 billion (2007 est.)
Thailand
$521.5 billion (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste
$2.608 billion (2007 est.)
Togo
$5.042 billion (2007 est.)
Tokelau
$1.5 million (1993 est.)
Tonga
$526 million (2007 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
$26.79 billion (2007 est.)
Tunisia
$76.07 billion (2007 est.)
Turkey
$853.9 billion (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan
$26.92 billion (2007 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
$216 million (2002 est.)
Tuvalu
$14.94 million (2002 est.)
Uganda
$29.13 billion (2007 est.)
Ukraine
$324.8 billion (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates
$164.4 billion (2007 est.)
United Kingdom
$2.13 trillion (2007 est.)
United States
$13.78 trillion (2007 est.)
Uruguay
$37.5 billion (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan
$64.4 billion (2007 est.)
Vanuatu
$897 million (2007 est.)
Venezuela
$334.3 billion (2007 est.)
Vietnam
$221.1 billion (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands
$1.577 billion (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
$60 million (2004 est.)
West Bank
$5.034 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2006 est.)
Western Sahara
$NA
World
GWP (gross world product): $65.61 trillion (2007 est.)
Yemen
$56.24 billion (2007 est.)
Zambia
$16.1 billion (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe
$2.342 billion (2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2002 Population growth rate (%)
Afghanistan
2.626% (2008 est.)
Albania
0.538% (2008 est.)
Algeria
1.209% (2008 est.)
American Samoa
1.236% (2008 est.)
Andorra
1.899% (2008 est.)
Angola
2.136% (2008 est.)
Anguilla
2.332% (2008 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
1.305% (2008 est.)
Argentina
1.068% (2008 est.)
Armenia
-0.077% (2008 est.)
Aruba
1.501% (2008 est.)
Australia
1.221% (2008 est.)
Austria
0.064% (2008 est.)
Azerbaijan
0.723% (2008 est.)
Bahamas, The
0.57% (2008 est.)
Bahrain
1.337% (2008 est.)
Bangladesh
2.022% (2008 est.)
Barbados
0.36% (2008 est.)
Belarus
-0.393% (2008 est.)
Belgium
0.106% (2008 est.)
Belize
2.207% (2008 est.)
Benin
3.01% (2008 est.)
Bermuda
0.546% (2008 est.)
Bhutan
1.301% (2008 est.)
Bolivia
1.383% (2008 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.666% (2008 est.)
Botswana
1.434% (2008 est.)
Brazil
1.228% (2008 est.)
British Virgin Islands
1.88% (2008 est.)
Brunei
1.785% (2008 est.)
Bulgaria
-0.813% (2008 est.)
Burkina Faso
3.109% (2008 est.)
Burma
0.8% (2008 est.)
Burundi
3.443% (2008 est.)
Cambodia
1.752% (2008 est.)
Cameroon
2.218% (2008 est.)
Canada
0.83% (2008 est.)
Cape Verde
0.595% (2008 est.)
Cayman Islands
2.449% (2008 est.)
Central African Republic
1.509% (2008 est.)
Chad
2.195% (2008 est.)
Chile
0.905% (2008 est.)
China
0.629% (2008 est.)
Christmas Island
0% (2008 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
0% (2008 est.)
Colombia
1.405% (2008 est.)
Comoros
2.803% (2008 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
3.236% (2008 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
2.696% (2008 est.)
Cook Islands
NA (2008 est.)
Costa Rica
1.388% (2008 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
2.156% (2008 est.)
Croatia
-0.043% (2008 est.)
Cuba
0.251% (2008 est.)
Cyprus
0.522% (2008 est.)
Czech Republic
-0.082% (2008 est.)
Denmark
0.295% (2008 est.)
Djibouti
1.945% (2008 est.)
Dominica
0.196% (2008 est.)
Dominican Republic
1.495% (2008 est.)
Ecuador
0.935% (2008 est.)
Egypt
1.682% (2008 est.)
El Salvador
1.679% (2008 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
2.732% (2008 est.)
Eritrea
2.631% (2008 est.)
Estonia
-0.632% (2008 est.)
Ethiopia
3.212% (2008 est.)
European Union
0.11% (2008 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0.011% (2008 est.)
Faroe Islands
0.376% (2008 est.)
Fiji
1.388% (2008 est.)
Finland
0.112% (2008 est.)
France
0.574% (2008 est.)
French Polynesia
1.425% (2008 est.)
Gabon
1.954% (2008 est.)
Gambia, The
2.724% (2008 est.)
Gaza Strip
3.422% (2008 est.)
Georgia
-0.325% (2008 est.)
Germany
-0.044% (2008 est.)
Ghana
1.928% (2008 est.)
Gibraltar
0.125% (2008 est.)
Greece
0.146% (2008 est.)
Greenland
0.064% (2008 est.)
Grenada
0.406% (2008 est.)
Guam
1.373% (2008 est.)
Guatemala
2.11% (2008 est.)
Guernsey
0.228% (2008 est.)
Guinea
2.492% (2008 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
2.035% (2008 est.)
Guyana
0.211% (2008 est.)
Haiti
2.493% (2008 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
0.003% (2008 est.)
Honduras
2.024% (2008 est.)
Hong Kong
0.532% (2008 est.)
Hungary
-0.254% (2008 est.)
Iceland
0.783% (2008 est.)
India
1.578% (2008 est.)
Indonesia
1.175% (2008 est.)
Iran
0.792% (2008 est.)
Iraq
2.562% (2008 est.)
Ireland
1.133% (2008 est.)
Isle of Man
0.509% (2008 est.)
Israel
1.713% (2008 est.)
Italy
-0.019% (2008 est.)
Jamaica
0.779% (2008 est.)
Japan
-0.139% (2008 est.)
Jersey
0.221% (2008 est.)
Jordan
2.338% (2008 est.)
Kazakhstan
0.374% (2008 est.)
Kenya
2.758% (2008 est.)
Kiribati
2.235% (2008 est.)
Korea, North
0.732% (2008 est.)
Korea, South
0.269% (2008 est.)
Kuwait
3.591%
note: this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of
expatriates (2008 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
1.38% (2008 est.)
Laos
2.344% (2008 est.)
Latvia
-0.629% (2008 est.)
Lebanon
1.154% (2008 est.)
Lesotho
0.129% (2008 est.)
Liberia
3.661% (2008 est.)
Libya
2.216% (2008 est.)
Liechtenstein
0.713% (2008 est.)
Lithuania
-0.284% (2008 est.)
Luxembourg
1.188% (2008 est.)
Macau
3.148% (2008 est.)
Macedonia
0.262% (2008 est.)
Madagascar
3.005% (2008 est.)
Malawi
2.39% (2008 est.)
Malaysia
1.742% (2008 est.)
Maldives
5.566% (2008 est.)
Mali
2.725% (2008 est.)
Malta
0.407% (2008 est.)
Marshall Islands
2.142% (2008 est.)
Mauritania
2.852% (2008 est.)
Mauritius
0.8% (2008 est.)
Mayotte
3.465% (2008 est.)
Mexico
1.142% (2008 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
-0.191% (2008 est.)
Moldova
-0.092% (2008 est.)
Monaco
0.375% (2008 est.)
Mongolia
1.493% (2008 est.)
Montenegro
-0.925% (2008 est.)
Montserrat
0.315% (2008 est.)
Morocco
1.505% (2008 est.)
Mozambique
1.792% (2008 est.)
Namibia
0.947% (2008 est.)
Nauru
1.772% (2008 est.)
Nepal
2.095% (2008 est.)
Netherlands
0.436% (2008 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
0.754% (2008 est.)
New Caledonia
1.175% (2008 est.)
New Zealand
0.971% (2008 est.)
Nicaragua
1.825% (2008 est.)
Niger
2.878% (2008 est.)
Nigeria
2.025% (2008 est.)
Niue
-0.032% (2008 est.)
Norfolk Island
0.006% (2008 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands
2.377% (2008 est.)
Norway
0.35% (2008 est.)
Oman
3.19% (2008 est.)
Pakistan
1.999% (2008 est.)
Palau
1.157% (2008 est.)
Panama
1.544% (2008 est.)
Papua New Guinea
2.118% (2008 est.)
Paraguay
2.39% (2008 est.)
Peru
1.264% (2008 est.)
Philippines
1.991% (2008 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
0% (2008 est.)
Poland
-0.045% (2008 est.)
Portugal
0.305% (2008 est.)
Puerto Rico
0.369% (2008 est.)
Qatar
1.093% (2008 est.)
Romania
-0.136% (2008 est.)
Russia
-0.474% (2008 est.)
Rwanda
2.779% (2008 est.)
Saint Helena
0.487% (2008 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.723% (2008 est.)
Saint Lucia
0.436% (2008 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0.114% (2008 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.231% (2008 est.)
Samoa
1.322% (2008 est.)
San Marino
1.181% (2008 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
3.116% (2008 est.)
Saudi Arabia
1.954% (2008 est.)
Senegal
2.58% (2008 est.)
Seychelles
0.428% (2008 est.)
Sierra Leone
2.282% (2008 est.)
Singapore
1.135% (2008 est.)
Slovakia
0.143% (2008 est.)
Slovenia
-0.088% (2008 est.)
Solomon Islands
2.467% (2008 est.)
Somalia
2.824% (2008 est.)
South Africa
0.828% (2008 est.)
Spain
0.096% (2008 est.)
Sri Lanka
0.943% (2008 est.)
Sudan
2.134% (2008 est.)
Suriname
1.099% (2008 est.)
Svalbard
-0.023% (2008 est.)
Swaziland
-0.41% (2008 est.)
Sweden
0.157% (2008 est.)
Switzerland
0.329% (2008 est.)
Syria
2.189% (2008 est.)
Taiwan
0.238% (2008 est.)
Tajikistan
1.893% (2008 est.)
Tanzania
2.072% (2008 est.)
Thailand
0.64% (2008 est.)
Timor-Leste
2.05% (2008 est.)
Togo
2.717% (2008 est.)
Tokelau
-0.011% (2008 est.)
Tonga
1.669% (2008 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
-0.891% (2008 est.)
Tunisia
0.989% (2008 est.)
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The 2008 CIA World FactbookChapter LXXIII: Part 73
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