Chapter XCIII: Part 93

Bangladesh
4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended
many times

Barbados
30 November 1966

Belarus
15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits

Belgium
7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to
create a federal state

Belize
21 September 1981

Benin
adopted by referendum 2 December 1990

Bermuda
8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan
ratified 23 July 2008

Bolivia
2 February 1967; revised in August 1994; possible referendum
on new constitution to be held in 2008

Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995
in Paris, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of
the entities also has its own constitution

Botswana
March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil
5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands
13 June 2007

Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)

Bulgaria
adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso
2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991
formally adopted; last amended January 2002

Burma
30 May 2008

Burundi
28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum

Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon
20 May 1972 approved by referendum, adopted 2 June 1972;
revised January 1996

Canada
made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial
decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution
consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a
federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April
1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from
Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde
25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995
substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision
created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

Cayman Islands
1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994

Central African Republic
ratified by popular referendum 5 December
2004; effective 27 December 2004

Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum
removed constitutional term limits

Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989,
1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005

China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas Island
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as
amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23
November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Colombia
5 July 1991; amended many times

Comoros
23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
18 February 2006

Congo, Republic of the
approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands
4 August 1965

Costa Rica
7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire
approved by referendum 23 July 2000

Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba
24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus
16 August 1960
note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer
participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for
a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better
relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence
in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country
other than Turkey

Czech Republic
ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Denmark
5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral
legislature and a female chief of state

Dhekelia
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in
Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal
document

Djibouti
multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September
1992

Dominica
3 November 1978

Dominican Republic
28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002

Ecuador
10 August 1998

Egypt
11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26
March 2007

El Salvador
20 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995

Eritrea
a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was
replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet
implemented

Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia
ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union
based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,
which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;
the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community
(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;
the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback
to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council
agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental
Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form;
this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a
constitution and was presented to the European Council in October
2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish
voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3 October 1985; amended 1997 and
1998

Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji
enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make
multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998

Finland
1 March 2000

France
adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October
1958
note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to
comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam
Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in
1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to
a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional
treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that
the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by
referendum

French Polynesia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective
16 January 1997

Georgia
adopted 24 August 1995

Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united Germany 3 October 1990

Ghana
approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar
5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007

Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada
19 December 1973

Guam
Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950

Guatemala
31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended
25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June
1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernsey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea
23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau
16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26
February 1993, 9 June 1993, and in 1996

Guyana
6 October 1980

Haiti
approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles
reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a
military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military
government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to
constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically
in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to
constitutional rule in May 2006

Holy See (Vatican City)
new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN
PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces
the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras
11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many
times

Hong Kong
Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National
People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April
1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals
and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and
also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997
amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland
16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times

India
26 January 1950; amended many times

Indonesia
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of
amendments concluded in 2002

Iran
2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the
presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraq
ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the
Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum )

Ireland
adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937

Isle of Man
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of
1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Israel
no formal constitution; some of the functions of a
constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),
the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli
citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and
Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft
constitution

Italy
passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended
many times

Jamaica
6 August 1962

Japan
3 May 1947

Jersey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan
1 January 1952; amended many times

Kazakhstan
first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January
1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995

Kenya
12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with
amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - a
new draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005

Kiribati
12 July 1979

Korea, North
adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972,
revised again in April 1992, and September 1998

Korea, South
17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times;
current constitution approved on 29 October 1987

Kosovo
ratified 9 April 2008; effective 15 June 2008

Kuwait
approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan
adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by
President Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2
February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president at
the expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations in
November 2006, President BAKIEV and the opposition negotiated a new
constitution granting greater powers to the parliament and the
government; amendments added on 30 December 2006 redistributed some
power back to the president, but both November and December 2006
versions were annulled in September 2007, and a new version was
approved by referendum on 21 October 2007; the BAKIEV-initiated
referendum was criticized by Western observers for voting
irregularities, particularly ballot stuffing

Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia
15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law
of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21
August 1991; multiple amendments since

Lebanon
23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently
Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of
October 1989

Lesotho
2 April 1993

Liberia
6 January 1986

Libya
none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow
of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced
the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in
December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the
Establishment of the People's Authority

Liechtenstein
5 October 1921

Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg
17 October 1868; occasional revisions

Macau
Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National
People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;
amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments
strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to
the judiciary

Madagascar
19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi
18 May 1994

Malaysia
31 August 1957 (amended many times, latest in 2007)

Maldives
new constitution ratified 7 August 2008

Mali
adopted 12 January 1992

Malta
1964 constitution; amended many times

Marshall Islands
1 May 1979

Mauritania
12 July 1991

Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico
5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979

Moldova
new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August
1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979

Monaco
17 December 1962

Mongolia
12 February 1992

Montenegro
19 October 2007 (approved by the Assembly)

Montserrat
effective 19 December 1989

Morocco
10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create
bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique
30 November 1990

Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Nauru
29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)

Nepal
9 November 1990; note - a new interim constitution was
promulgated in January 2007; the November 2006 peace agreement calls
for the election of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new permanent
constitution

Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002

Netherlands Antilles
29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the
Netherlands, as amended

New Caledonia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand
consists of a series of legal documents, including
certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The
Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;
adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987

Nicaragua
9 January 1987; reforms in 1995, 2000, and 2005

Niger
new constitution adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria
new constitution adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999

Niue
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005

Northern Mariana Islands
Constitution of the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant
Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986

Norway
17 May 1814; amended many times

Oman
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a
constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal
succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from
holding interests in companies doing business with the government,
establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil
liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan
12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December
1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended
31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December
2007

Palau
1 January 1981

Panama
11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and
2004

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975

Paraguay
promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru
29 December 1993

Philippines
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands
30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional
reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance
of 1964

Poland
adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by
national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997

Portugal
adopted 2 April 1976; note - subsequent revisions of the
Constitution placed the military under strict civilian control,
trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the groundwork for a
stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; as well, they allowed for the
privatization of nationalized firms and the government-owned
communications media

Puerto Rico
ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July
1952; effective 25 July 1952

Qatar
ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by
the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005

Romania
8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003

Russia
adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda
new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003

Saint Barthelemy
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Helena
1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979

Saint Martin
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979

Samoa
1 January 1962

San Marino
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe
approved March 1990, effective 10 September
1990

Saudi Arabia
governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that
articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was
promulgated by royal decree in 1992

Senegal
adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia
adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006

Seychelles
18 June 1993

Sierra Leone
1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times

Singapore
3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State
of Singapore Constitution)

Slovakia
ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;
changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;
amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU
membership

Slovenia
adopted 23 December 1991

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978

Somalia
25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as
the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing

South Africa
10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified
by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then
President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 4
February 1997

Spain
approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum
6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978

Sudan
constitution implemented on 30 June 1998, partially suspended
12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim
National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern
Sudan signed December 2005

Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987

Swaziland
signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8
February 2006

Sweden
1 January 1975

Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,
officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria
13 March 1973

Taiwan
25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000,
2005
note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on
25 December 1947

Tajikistan
6 November 1994

Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand
constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL) on 24
August 2007

Timor-Leste
22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Togo
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended
in 1970

Tonga
4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976

Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey
7 November 1982

Turkmenistan
adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order
2006 (effective 9 August 2006)

Tuvalu
1 October 1978

Uganda
8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing
presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system

Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice

United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay
27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27
June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980;
two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989
and 7 January 1997

Uzbekistan
adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu
30 July 1980

Venezuela
30 December 1999

Vietnam
15 April 1992

Virgin Islands
Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen
16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia
24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential
term limits

Zimbabwe
21 December 1979

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2064 Economic aid - recipient

Afghanistan
$2.775 billion (2005)

Albania
ODA: $318.7 million
note: top donors were Italy, EU, Germany (2005 est.)

Algeria
$370.6 million (2005 est.)

American Samoa
important financial support from the US, more than
$40 million in 1994

Andorra
$0

Angola
$441.8 million (2005)

Anguilla
$9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
$7.23 million (2005)

Argentina
$99.66 million (2005)

Armenia
ODA, $180 million (2007)

Aruba
$11.3 million (2004)

Azerbaijan
ODA, $223.4 million (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
$4.78 million (2004)

Bahrain
$103.9 million (2004)

Bangladesh
$1.321 billion (2005)

Barbados
$2.07 million (2005)

Belarus
$53.76 million (2005)

Belize
$12.91 million (2005)

Benin
$374.7 million (2006)

Bermuda
$90,000 (2004)

Bhutan
$941.2 million; note - substantial aid from India (2006)

Bolivia
$582.9 million (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$546.1 million (2005 est.)

Botswana
$70.89 million (2005)

Brazil
$191.9 million (2005)

British Virgin Islands
$NA

Brunei
$770,000 (2004)

Bulgaria
$742 million (2005-06 est.)

Burkina Faso
$659.6 million (2005)

Burma
$144.7 million (2005 est.)

Burundi
$365 million (2005)

Cambodia
$698.2 million pledged in grants and concession loans for
2007 by international donors (2007)

Cameroon
$413.8 million (2005)

Cape Verde
$160.6 million (2005)

Cayman Islands
$390,000 (2004)

Central African Republic
ODA, $95.29 million; note - traditional
budget subsidies from France (2005 est.)

Chad
ODA, $379.8 million (2005)

Chile
$0 (2006)

China
$1.641 billion (FY07)

Christmas Island
$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA

Colombia
$511.1 million (2005)

Comoros
$25.23 million (2005 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$1.828 billion (2005)

Congo, Republic of the
$1.449 billion (2005)

Cook Islands
$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish
the greater part (1995)

Costa Rica
$29.51 million (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire
ODA, $60 million (2007 est.)

Croatia
ODA, $125.4 million (2005)

Cuba
$87.8 million (2005 est.)

Cyprus
$15 million (2006)

Czech Republic
$278.7 million in available EU structural adjustment
and cohesion funds (2004)

Djibouti
$78.6 million (2005)

Dominica
$15.17 million (2005 est.)

Dominican Republic
$76.99 million (2005)

Ecuador
$209.5 million (2005)

Egypt
ODA, $925.9 million (2005)

El Salvador
$267.6 million of which $55 million from US (2005)

Equatorial Guinea
$39 million (2005)

Eritrea
$355.2 million (2005)

Estonia
$135.5 million (2004)

Ethiopia
$1.6 billion (FY05/06)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$0 (1997 est.)

Faroe Islands
$105 million; note - annual subsidy from Denmark (2005)

Fiji
$63.96 million (2005)

French Polynesia
$579.8 million (2004)

Gabon
$53.87 million (2005)

Gambia, The
$58.15 million (2005)

Gaza Strip
$1.4 billion; (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)

Georgia
ODA, $309.8 million (2005 est.)

Ghana
$1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)

Gibraltar
$NA

Greece
$8 billion annually from EU (2000-06); Greece will receive
about $3.8 billion per year between 2007-13 under the EU's Community
Support Funds IV

Greenland
$512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005)

Grenada
$44.87 million (2005)

Guam
Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal
Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under
the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury,
rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by
military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)

Guatemala
$253.6 million (2005 est.)

Guernsey
$NA

Guinea
$182.1 million (2005)

Guinea-Bissau
$79.12 million (2005)

Guyana
$136.8 million (2005)

Haiti
$515 million (2005 est.)

Honduras
$680.8 million (2005)

Hong Kong
$6.95 million (2004)

Hungary
$302.6 million (2004)

India
$1.724 billion (2005)

Indonesia
ODA, $2.524 billion (2006 est.)
note: Indonesia ended 2006 with $67 billion in official foreign debt
(about 25% of GDP), with Japan ($25 billion), the World Bank ($8.5
billion) and the Asian Development Bank ($8.4 billion) as the
largest creditors; about $6 billion in grant assistance was pledged
to rebuild Aceh after the December 2004 tsunami; President YUDHOYONO
disbanded the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI) donor forum in
January 2007

Iran
$104 million (2005 est.)

Iraq
$21.65 billion (2005)

Isle of Man
$NA

Israel
$240 million from US (FY06)

Jamaica
$35.74 million (2005)

Jordan
ODA, $752 million (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
$229.2 million (2005)

Kenya
$768.3 million (2005)

Kiribati
$27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005)

Korea, North
$372 million
note: approximately 65,000 metric tons in food aid through the World
Food Program appeals in 2007, plus additional aid from bilateral
donors and non-governmental organizations (2007 est.)

Korea, South
$68.07 million (2004)

Kosovo
$324 million (2007)

Kuwait
$2.6 million (2004)

Kyrgyzstan
$268.5 million from the US (2005)

Laos
$379 million (2006 est.)

Latvia
$162 million (2004)

Lebanon
of the $7.6 billion in grants and loans pledged to Lebanon
at the Paris III conference in January 2007, Beirut as of
mid-December 2007 had signed agreements for $3 billion, including $1
billion in project financing, $750 million in direct budget support,
$750 million in private sector credit, and $285 million in in-kind
aid; about $500 million of the $1.7 billion pledged for direct
budget support has been disbursed to Lebanon; donors in August 2006
also pledged nearly $1.8 billion in aid to help Lebanon recover from
the 2006 Israel-Hizballah war; during the conflict, Saudi Arabia and
Kuwait provided $1.5 billion in concessional loans to the Lebanese
central bank to maintain confidence in the Lebanese currency. (2005)

Lesotho
$68.82 million (2005)

Liberia
$236.2 million (2005)

Libya
ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)

Lithuania
$249.7 million (2004)

Macau
$13.7 million (2004)

Macedonia
$230.3 million (2005)

Madagascar
$929.2 million (2005)

Malawi
$575.3 million (2005)

Malaysia
$31.6 million (2005)

Maldives
$66.83 million (2005)

Mali
$691.5 million (2005)

Malta
$6.19 million (2004)

Marshall Islands
$56.56 million (2005)

Mauritania
$190.4 million (2005)

Mauritius
$31.93 million (2005)

Mayotte
$201.3 million; note - extensive French financial assistance
(2005)

Mexico
$189.4 million (2005)

Micronesia, Federated States of
$106.4 million (2005)

Moldova
$191.8 million (2005)

Monaco
$NA

Mongolia
$159.5 million (2006)

Montenegro
$NA

Montserrat
Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for
spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)

Morocco
ODA, $651.8 million (2005)

Mozambique
$1.286 billion (2005)

Namibia
ODA, $123.4 million (2005 est.)

Nauru
$20 million mostly from Australia (2005)

Nepal
$427.9 million (2005)

Netherlands Antilles
$21.32 million (2004)

New Caledonia
$524.3 million annual subsidy from France (2004)

Nicaragua
$471 million (2006 est.)

Niger
$515.4 million (2005)

Nigeria
$6.437 billion (2005)

Niue
$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)

Norfolk Island
$NA

Northern Mariana Islands
extensive funding from US

Oman
$30.68 million (2005)

Pakistan
$1.666 billion (2005)

Palau
$23.46 million (2005)

Panama
$19.54 million (2005)

Papua New Guinea
$266.1 million (2005)

Paraguay
$51.09 million (2005)

Peru
$397.8 million (2005)

Philippines
ODA, $451.4 million in commitments (2006)

Pitcairn Islands
$3.465 million (2004)

Poland
$1.524 billion in available EU structural adjustment and
cohesion funds (2004)

Puerto Rico
$NA

Qatar
$2.18 million (2004)

Romania
$914.3 million (2004)

Russia
$982.7 million in FY06 from US, including $847 million in
non-proliferation subsidies

Rwanda
$576 million (2005)

Saint Helena
$29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United
Kingdom (FY06/07)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
$3.52 million (2005)

Saint Lucia
$11.06 million (2005)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
approximately $60 million in annual grants
from France

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$4.89 million (1995); note - EU
$34.5 million (2005)

Samoa
$43.95 million (2005)

San Marino
$NA

Sao Tome and Principe
$31.9 million in December 2000 under the
Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) program (2005)

Saudi Arabia
$26.29 million (2005)

Senegal
$477 million (2007 est.)

Serbia
$2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro
(disbursements to follow over several years; some aid pledged by EU
and US has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by
Serbia in handing over General Ratko MLADIC to the criminal court in
The Hague)

Seychelles
$18.81 million (2005)

Sierra Leone
$343.4 million (2005 est.)

Singapore
$0 (2007)

Slovakia
$235 million in available EU structural adjustment and
cohesion funds (2004)

Slovenia
ODA, $484 million (2004-06)

Solomon Islands
$198.2 million annually, mainly from Australia (2005
est.)

Somalia
$236.4 million (2005 est.)

South Africa
$700 million (2005)

Sri Lanka
$1.189 billion (2005)

Sudan
$1.829 billion (2005)

Suriname
$43.97 million (2005)

Svalbard
$8.2 million from Norway (1998)

Swaziland
$46.03 million (2005)

Syria
$213 million (2008 est.)

Tajikistan
$241.4 million from US (2005)

Tanzania
$1.505 billion (2005)

Thailand
$171.1 million (2005)

Timor-Leste
$184.7 million (2005 est.)

Togo
ODA, $86.71 million (2005 est.)

Tonga
$31.75 million (2005)

Trinidad and Tobago
$200,000 (2007 est.)

Tunisia
$376.5 million (2005)

Turkey
ODA, $464 million (2005)

Turkmenistan
$28.25 million from the US (2005)

Turks and Caicos Islands
$4.1 million (1997)

Tuvalu
$10.49 million
note: includes distributions from the Tuvalu Trust Fund (2006)

Uganda
$1.198 billion (2005)

Ukraine
$409.6 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2
billion (2005)

United Arab Emirates
$5.36 million (2004)

Uruguay
$14.62 million (2005)

Uzbekistan
$172.3 million from the US (2005)

Vanuatu
$39.48 million (2005)

Venezuela
$48.66 million (2005)

Vietnam
$5.4 billion in credits and grants pledged by the 2007
Consultative Group meeting in Hanoi (2007)

Virgin Islands
$NA

Wallis and Futuna
assistance from France, $NA

West Bank
$1.4 billion; (includes Gaza Strip) (2006 est.)

Western Sahara
$NA

World
ODA, $106.4 billion (2005)

Yemen
$2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)

Zambia
$504 million (2007)

Zimbabwe
$367.7 million (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 13 November 2008

======================================================================

@2065 Currency (code)

Afghanistan
afghani (AFA)

Akrotiri
euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound
(CYP) formerly used

Albania
lek (ALL)
note: the plural of lek is leke

Algeria
Algerian dinar (DZD)

American Samoa
US dollar (USD)

Andorra
euro (EUR)

Angola
kwanza (AOA)

Anguilla
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Antigua and Barbuda
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Argentina
Argentine peso (ARS)

Armenia
dram (AMD)

Aruba
Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)

Australia
Australian dollar (AUD)

Austria
euro (EUR)

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani manat (AZN)

Bahamas, The
Bahamian dollar (BSD)

Bahrain
Bahraini dinar (BHD)

Bangladesh
taka (BDT)

Barbados
Barbadian dollar (BBD)

Belarus
Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)

Belgium
euro (EUR)

Belize
Belizean dollar (BZD)

Benin
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Bermuda
Bermudian dollar (BMD)

Bhutan
ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)

Bolivia
boliviano (BOB)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) (BAM)

Botswana
pula (BWP)

Brazil
real (BRL)

British Indian Ocean Territory
US Dollar (USD)

British Virgin Islands
US dollar (USD)

Brunei
Bruneian dollar (BND)

Bulgaria
lev (BGN)

Burkina Faso
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Burma
kyat (MMK)

Burundi
Burundi franc (BIF)

Cambodia
riel (KHR)

Cameroon
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note -
responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Canada
Canadian dollar (CAD)

Cape Verde
Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)

Cayman Islands
Caymanian dollar (KYD)

Central African Republic
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
(XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central
African States

Chad
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible
authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Chile
Chilean peso (CLP)

China
Renminbi (RMB); note - also referred to by the unit yuan (CNY)

Christmas Island
Australian dollar (AUD)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australian dollar (AUD)

Colombia
Colombian peso (COP)

Comoros
Comoran franc (KMF)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congolese franc (CDF)

Congo, Republic of the
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF);
note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African
States

Cook Islands
NZ dollar (NZD)

Costa Rica
Costa Rican colon (CRC)

Cote d'Ivoire
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Croatia
kuna (HRK)

Cuba
Cuban peso (CUP) and Convertible peso (CUC)

Cyprus
Cypriot pound (CYP); euro (EUR) after 1 January 2008

Czech Republic
Czech koruna (CZK)

Denmark
Danish krone (DKK)

Dhekelia
euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound
(CYP) formerly used

Djibouti
Djiboutian franc (DJF)

Dominica
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Dominican Republic
Dominican peso (DOP)

Ecuador
US dollar (USD)

Egypt
Egyptian pound (EGP)

El Salvador
US dollar (USD)

Equatorial Guinea
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note
- responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Eritrea
nakfa (ERN)

Estonia
Estonian kroon (EEK)

Ethiopia
birr (ETB)

European Union
euro, British pound, Bulgarian lev, Czech koruna,
Danish krone, Estonian kroon, Hungarian forint, Latvian lat,
Lithuanian litas, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Slovak koruna, Swedish
krona

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Falkland pound (FKP)

Faroe Islands
Danish krone (DKK)

Fiji
Fijian dollar (FJD)

Finland
euro (EUR)

France
euro (EUR)

French Polynesia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

Gabon
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note -
responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Gambia, The
dalasi (GMD)

Gaza Strip
new Israeli shekel (ILS)

Georgia
lari (GEL)

Germany
euro (EUR)

Ghana
Ghana cedi (GHC)

Gibraltar
Gibraltar pound (GIP)

Greece
euro (EUR)

Greenland
Danish krone (DKK)

Grenada
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Guam
US dollar (USD)

Guatemala
quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed

Guernsey
Guernsey pound
note: the British pound is also legal tender

Guinea
Guinean franc (GNF)

Guinea-Bissau
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Guyana
Guyanese dollar (GYD)

Haiti
gourde (HTG)

Holy See (Vatican City)
euro (EUR)

Honduras
lempira (HNL)

Hong Kong
Hong Kong dollar (HKD)

Hungary
forint (HUF)

Iceland
Icelandic krona (ISK)

India
Indian rupee (INR)

Indonesia
Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

Iran
Iranian rial (IRR)

Iraq
New Iraqi dinar (NID) as of 22 January 2004

Ireland
euro (EUR)

Isle of Man
Isle of Man pound (IMP), also known as the Manx pound
note: the British pound is also legal tender, but change is given in
IMP

Israel
new Israeli shekel (ILS); note - NIS is the currency
abbreviation; ILS is the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) code for the NIS

Italy
euro (EUR)

Jamaica
Jamaican dollar (JMD)

Japan
yen (JPY)

Jersey
Jersey pound
note: the British pound is also legal tender

Jordan
Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Kazakhstan
tenge (KZT)

Kenya
Kenyan shilling (KES)

Kiribati
Australian dollar (AUD)

Korea, North
North Korean won (KPW)

Korea, South
South Korean won (KRW)

Kosovo
euro (EUR); Serbian Dinar (RSD) is also in circulation

Kuwait
Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

Kyrgyzstan
som (KGS)

Laos
kip (LAK)

Latvia
lat (LVL)

Lebanon
Lebanese pound (LBP)

Lesotho
loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)

Liberia
Liberian dollar (LRD)

Libya
Libyan dinar (LYD)

Liechtenstein
Swiss franc (CHF)

Lithuania
litas (LTL)

Luxembourg
euro (EUR)

Macau
pataca (MOP)

Macedonia
Macedonian denar (MKD)

Madagascar
ariary (MGA)

Malawi
Malawian kwacha (MWK)

Malaysia
ringgit (MYR)

Maldives
rufiyaa (MVR)

Mali
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible
authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Malta
euro (EUR) as of 1 January 2008; Maltese lira (MTL) before then

Marshall Islands
US dollar (USD)

Mauritania
ouguiya (MRO)

Mauritius
Mauritian rupee (MUR)

Mayotte
euro (EUR)

Mexico
Mexican peso (MXN)

Micronesia, Federated States of
US dollar (USD)

Moldova
Moldovan leu (MDL)

Monaco
euro (EUR)

Mongolia
togrog/tugrik (MNT)

Montenegro
euro (EUR)

Montserrat
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Morocco
Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Mozambique
metical (MZM)

Namibia
Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)

Nauru
Australian dollar (AUD)

Nepal
Nepalese rupee (NPR)

Netherlands
euro (EUR)

Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)

New Caledonia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

New Zealand
New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Nicaragua
gold cordoba (NIO)

Niger
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Nigeria
naira (NGN)

Niue
New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Norfolk Island
Australian dollar (AUD)

Northern Mariana Islands
US dollar (USD)

Norway
Norwegian krone (NOK)

Oman
Omani rial (OMR)

Pakistan
Pakistani rupee (PKR)

Palau
US dollar (USD)

Panama
balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)

Papua New Guinea
kina (PGK)

Paraguay
guarani (PYG)

Peru
nuevo sol (PEN)

Philippines
Philippine peso (PHP)

Pitcairn Islands
New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Poland
zloty (PLN)

Portugal
euro (EUR)

Puerto Rico
US dollar (USD)

Qatar
Qatari rial (QAR)

Romania
"new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005; "old" leu (ROL) was
phased out in 2006; note - because of currency revaluation, 10,000
ROL = 1 RON

Russia
Russian ruble (RUB)

Rwanda
Rwandan franc (RWF)

Saint Barthelemy
euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used

Saint Helena
Saint Helenian pound (SHP)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Saint Lucia
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Saint Martin
euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
euro (EUR)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Samoa
tala (SAT)

San Marino
euro (EUR)

Sao Tome and Principe
dobra (STD)

Saudi Arabia
Saudi riyal (SAR)

Senegal
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note -
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Serbia
Serbian dinar (RSD)

Seychelles
Seychelles rupee (SCR)

Sierra Leone
leone (SLL)

Singapore
Singapore dollar (SGD)

Slovakia
Slovak koruna (SKK)

Slovenia
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 2007, the euro became Slovenia's currency; both
the tolar and the euro were in circulation from 1 January until 15
January 2007

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)

Somalia
Somali shilling (SOS)

South Africa
rand (ZAR)

Spain
euro (EUR)

Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)

Sudan
Sudanese pounds (SDG)

Suriname
Surinam dollar (SRD)

Svalbard
Norwegian krone (NOK)

Swaziland
lilangeni (SZL)

Sweden
Swedish krona (SEK)

Switzerland
Swiss franc (CHF)

Syria
Syrian pound (SYP)

Taiwan
New Taiwan dollar (TWD)

Tajikistan
somoni (TJS)

Tanzania
Tanzanian shilling (TZS)

Thailand
baht (THB)

Timor-Leste
US dollar (USD)

Togo
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible
authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Tokelau
New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Tonga
pa'anga (TOP)

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)

Tunisia
Tunisian dinar (TND)

Turkey
Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January
2005

Turkmenistan
Turkmen manat (TMM)

Turks and Caicos Islands
US dollar (USD)

Tuvalu
Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan
dollar

Uganda
Ugandan shilling (UGX)

Ukraine
hryvnia (UAH)

United Arab Emirates
Emirati dirham (AED)

United Kingdom
British pound (GBP)

United States
US dollar (USD)

Uruguay
Uruguayan peso (UYU)

Uzbekistan
soum (UZS)

Vanuatu
vatu (VUV)

Venezuela
bolivar (VEB)

Vietnam
dong (VND)

Virgin Islands
US dollar (USD)

Wallis and Futuna
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

West Bank
new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Western Sahara
Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Yemen
Yemeni rial (YER)

Zambia
Zambian kwacha (ZMK)

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)

Afghanistan
19.56 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Albania
5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Algeria
4.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

American Samoa
4.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Andorra
5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Angola
24.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Anguilla
4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Argentina
7.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Armenia
8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Aruba
7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Australia
6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Austria
9.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan
8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bahamas, The
9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bahrain
4.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bangladesh
8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Barbados
8.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Belarus
13.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Belgium
10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Belize
5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Benin
9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bermuda
7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bhutan
7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bolivia
7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Botswana
14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Brazil
6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

British Virgin Islands
4.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Brunei
3.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Bulgaria
14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso
13.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Burma
9.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Burundi
12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cambodia
8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cameroon
12.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Canada
7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cape Verde
6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cayman Islands
4.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Central African Republic
18.04 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Chad
16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Chile
5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

China
7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Christmas Island
NA (2008 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA (2008 est.)

Colombia
5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Comoros
7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
11.88 deaths/1,000 population
(2008 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
12.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cook Islands
NA (2008 est.)

Costa Rica
4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
11.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Croatia
11.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cuba
7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Cyprus
7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Czech Republic
10.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Denmark
10.25 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Djibouti
19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Dominica
8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Dominican Republic
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Ecuador
4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Egypt
5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

El Salvador
5.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Eritrea
8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Estonia
13.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Ethiopia
11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

European Union
10.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA (2008 est.)

Faroe Islands
8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Fiji
5.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Finland
10 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

France
8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

French Polynesia
4.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Gabon
12.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Gambia, The
11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Gaza Strip
3.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Georgia
9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Germany
10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Ghana
9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Gibraltar
9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Greece
10.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Greenland
8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Grenada
6.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guam
4.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guatemala
5.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guernsey
10.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guinea
11.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
16.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Guyana
8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Haiti
10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Honduras
5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Hong Kong
6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Hungary
12.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Iceland
6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

India
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Indonesia
6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Iran
5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Iraq
5.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Ireland
7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Isle of Man
11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Israel
5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Italy
10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Jamaica
6.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Japan
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Jersey
9.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Jordan
2.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Kazakhstan
9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Kenya
10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Kiribati
7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Korea, North
7.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Korea, South
5.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Kuwait
2.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Laos
11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Latvia
13.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Lebanon
6.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Lesotho
22.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Liberia
21.45 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Libya
3.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Liechtenstein
7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Lithuania
11.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Luxembourg
8.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Macau
3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Macedonia
8.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Madagascar
8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Malawi
17.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Malaysia
5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Maldives
3.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mali
16.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Malta
8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands
4.57 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mauritania
11.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mauritius
6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mayotte
7.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mexico
4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008
est.)

Moldova
10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Monaco
12.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mongolia
6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Montenegro
8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Montserrat
8.86 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Morocco
5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Mozambique
20.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Namibia
14.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Nauru
6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Nepal
8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Netherlands
8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

New Caledonia
5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

New Zealand
7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Nicaragua
4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Niger
20.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Nigeria
16.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Niue
NA (2008 est.)

Norfolk Island
NA (2008 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands
2.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Norway
9.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Oman
3.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Pakistan
7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Palau
6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Panama
4.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Papua New Guinea
6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Paraguay
4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Peru
6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Philippines
5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA (2008 est.)

Poland
9.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Portugal
10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Puerto Rico
7.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Qatar
2.47 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Romania
11.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Russia
16.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Rwanda
14.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saint Helena
6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saint Lucia
6.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008
est.)

Samoa
5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

San Marino
8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia
2.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Senegal
10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Seychelles
6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sierra Leone
22.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Singapore
4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Slovakia
9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Slovenia
10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Solomon Islands
3.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Somalia
15.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

South Africa
16.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Spain
9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka
6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sudan
13.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Suriname
5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Svalbard
NA (2008 est.)

Swaziland
30.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sweden
10.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Switzerland
8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Syria
4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Taiwan
6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Tajikistan
6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Tanzania
12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Thailand
7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Timor-Leste
6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Togo
9.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Tokelau
NA (2008 est.)

Tonga
5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
10.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Tunisia
5.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Turkey
6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan
6.11 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Tuvalu
6.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Uganda
12.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Ukraine
15.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

United Kingdom
10.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

United States
8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Uruguay
9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Uzbekistan
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Vanuatu
7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Venezuela
5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Vietnam
6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Virgin Islands
6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
NA (2008 est.)

West Bank
3.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Western Sahara
11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

World
8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Yemen
7.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Zambia
21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe
17.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2068 Dependent areas

Australia
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald
Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island

France
Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and
Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint
Martin, Wallis and Futuna
note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia
has been considered a "sui generis" collectivity of France since
1999, a unique status falling between that of an independent country
and a French overseas department

Netherlands
Aruba, Netherlands Antilles

New Zealand
Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Norway
Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard

United Kingdom
Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory,
British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar,
Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the
South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands

United States
American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island,
Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa
Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands, Wake Island
note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a
political relationship with all four political units: the Northern
Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US
(effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands
signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21
October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact
of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau
concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1
October 1994)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2070 Disputes - international

Afghanistan
Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border
with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to foreign
terrorists and other illegal activities

Albania
the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the
rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the
peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian
groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania,"
but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; the mass
emigration of unemployed Albanians remains a problem for developed
countries, chiefly Greece and Italy

Algeria
Algeria, and many other states, rejects Moroccan
administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in
Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's
border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each
nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling;
Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout
the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant
disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected
on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a
claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco

American Samoa
Tokelau periodically asserts claims to American
Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega), such as in its 2006 draft
independence constitution

Andorra
none

Angola
Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan
exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006
ceasefire and peace agreement

Anguilla
none

Antarctica
the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not
recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by
Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the
United Kingdom (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the
continent; the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims; no
claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150
degrees west; the International Whaling Commission created a
sancturary around the entire continent to deter catches by countries
claiming to conduct scientific whaling; Australia has established a
similar preserve in the waters around its territorial claim

Antigua and Barbuda
none

Arctic Ocean
the littoral states are engaged in various stages of
demonstrating the limits of their continental shelves beyond 200
nautical miles from their declared baselines in accordance with
Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has
restimulated interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor
exploration

Argentina
Argentina continues to assert its claims to the
UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia,
and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly
occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to
seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially
overlaps UK and Chilean claims; unruly region at convergence of
Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering,
smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising
for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and
Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim
River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2006,
Argentina went to the ICJ to protest, on environmental grounds, the
construction of two pulp mills in Uruguay on the Uruguay River,
which forms the boundary; both parties presented their pleadings in
2007 with Argentina's reply in January and Uruguay's rejoinder in
July 2008; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and
Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited
boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de
Hielo Sur)

Armenia
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in
Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied
16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly
ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia;
about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in
Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks
transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border
with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic
Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater
autonomy; Armenians continue to emigrate, primarily to Russia,
seeking employment

Aruba
none

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
as the closest Australian territory to
Indonesia, these islands became the target of human traffickers for
the landing of illegal immigrants; in 2001, the Australian
government removed these islands from the Australian Migration Zone
making illegal arrivals ineligible for temporary visas and entry
into Australia

Atlantic Ocean
some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

Australia
Timor-Leste and Australia agreed in 2005 to defer the
disputed portion of the boundary for fifty years and to split
hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development
Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; dispute with Timor-Leste
hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia in
the Timor Sea; regional states continue to express concern over
Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime
identification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to
Antarctica; in 2004 Australia submitted its claims to Commission on
the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental
margins covering over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its
seabed roughly thirty percent more than its claimed exclusive
economic zone; since 2003, Australia has led the Regional Assistance
Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) to maintain civil and
political order and reinforce regional security

Austria
while threats of international legal action never
materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the
newly elected Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008,
demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the
EU unless Prague closes its nuclear power plant in Temelin,
bordering Austria