Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (102)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
cold marine; strong westerly
winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year;
average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all
year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate

Faroe Islands
mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy,
windy

Fiji
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

Finland
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild
because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current,
Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

France
metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers,
but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional
strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral
French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature
variation
Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds;
moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable
to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average
Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool
and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)

French Polynesia
tropical, but moderate

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul:
oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity
Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy
Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy
Iles Eparses: tropical

Gabon
tropical; always hot, humid

Gambia, The
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler,
dry season (November to May)

Gaza Strip
temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers

Georgia
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Germany
temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers;
occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind

Ghana
tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast;
hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Gibraltar
Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

Greece
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers

Greenland
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

Grenada
tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

Guam
tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by
northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season
(July to December); little seasonal temperature variation

Guatemala
tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands

Guernsey
temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of
days are overcast

Guinea
generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to
November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May)
with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guinea-Bissau
tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type
rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season
(December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guyana
tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two
rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)

Haiti
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
antarctic

Holy See (Vatican City)
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to
May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

Honduras
subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

Hong Kong
subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and
rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall

Hungary
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Iceland
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy
winters; damp, cool summers

India
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Indian Ocean
northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest
monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June
and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and
January/February in the southern Indian Ocean

Indonesia
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Iran
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

Iraq
mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless
summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish
borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that
melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in
central and southern Iraq

Ireland
temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild
winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the
time

Isle of Man
temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about
a third of the time

Israel
temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas

Italy
predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in
south

Jamaica
tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior

Jan Mayen
arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog

Japan
varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

Jersey
temperate; mild winters and cool summers

Jordan
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Kazakhstan
continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and
semiarid

Kenya
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

Kiribati
tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds

Korea, North
temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

Korea, South
temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter

Kosovo
influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively
cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns;
Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation;
maximum rainfall between October and December

Kuwait
dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters

Kyrgyzstan
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains;
subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern
foothill zone

Laos
tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season
(December to April)

Latvia
maritime; wet, moderate winters

Lebanon
Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry
summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows

Lesotho
temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Liberia
tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to
cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

Libya
Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Liechtenstein
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow
or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers

Lithuania
transitional, between maritime and continental; wet,
moderate winters and summers

Luxembourg
modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Macau
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers

Macedonia
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters
with heavy snowfall

Madagascar
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Malawi
sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May
to November)

Malaysia
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast
(October to February) monsoons

Maldives
tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to
March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)

Mali
subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy,
humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to
February)

Malta
Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers

Marshall Islands
tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to
November; islands border typhoon belt

Mauritania
desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty

Mauritius
tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry
winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

Mayotte
tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during
northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to
November)

Mexico
varies from tropical to desert

Micronesia, Federated States of
tropical; heavy year-round rainfall,
especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the
typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage

Moldova
moderate winters, warm summers

Monaco
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Mongolia
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature
ranges)

Montenegro
Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and
relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Montserrat
tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation

Morocco
Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior

Mozambique
tropical to subtropical

Namibia
desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic

Nauru
tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to
February)

Navassa Island
marine, tropical

Nepal
varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to
subtropical summers and mild winters in south

Netherlands
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

Netherlands Antilles
tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds

New Caledonia
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

New Zealand
temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Nicaragua
tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

Niger
desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Nigeria
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in
north

Niue
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Norfolk Island
subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature
variation

Northern Mariana Islands
tropical marine; moderated by northeast
trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season
December to June, rainy season July to October

Norway
temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current;
colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers;
rainy year-round on west coast

Oman
dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong
southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south

Pacific Ocean
planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind
patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade
winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by
seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south
of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central
America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much
less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same
latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is
monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when
moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry
season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian
landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike
southeast and east Asia from May to December

Pakistan
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in
north

Palau
tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November

Panama
tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season
(May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Papua New Guinea
tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March),
southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature
variation

Paracel Islands
tropical

Paraguay
subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the
eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west

Peru
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate
to frigid in Andes

Philippines
tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)

Pitcairn Islands
tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast
trade winds; rainy season (November to March)

Poland
temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with
frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and
thundershowers

Portugal
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and
drier in south

Puerto Rico
tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature
variation

Qatar
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Romania
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog;
sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

Russia
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in
much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in
the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to
frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool
along Arctic coast

Rwanda
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to
January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible

Saint Barthelemy
tropical, with practically no variation in
temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)

Saint Helena
Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade
winds
Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid
Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds
(tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes;
little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Saint Lucia
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season
January to April, rainy season May to August

Saint Martin
temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low
humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers;
July-November is the hurricane season

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
cold and wet, with much mist and fog;
spring and autumn are windy

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
tropical; little seasonal
temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Samoa
tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to
October)

San Marino
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Sao Tome and Principe
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season
(October to May)

Saudi Arabia
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes

Senegal
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has
strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by
hot, dry, harmattan wind

Serbia
in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot,
humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts,
continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with
heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)

Seychelles
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast
monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest
monsoon (March to May)

Sierra Leone
tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to
December); winter dry season (December to April)

Singapore
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons
- Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon
(June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early
evening thunderstorms

Slovakia
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Slovenia
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate
with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and
valleys to the east

Solomon Islands
tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and
weather

Somalia
principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to
February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south;
southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in
the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili)
between monsoons

South Africa
mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny
days, cool nights

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
variable, with mostly
westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of
calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow

Southern Ocean
sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius
to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the
continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature
contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about
latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average
winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward
to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees
south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures
well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense
persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline
ice-free throughout the winter

Spain
temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and
cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy
and cool along coast

Spratly Islands
tropical

Sri Lanka
tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March);
southwest monsoon (June to October)

Sudan
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies
by region (April to November)

Suriname
tropical; moderated by trade winds

Svalbard
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool
summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and
north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most
of the year

Swaziland
varies from tropical to near temperate

Sweden
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly
cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Switzerland
temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy,
rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with
occasional showers

Syria
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and
mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather
with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus

Taiwan
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June
to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year

Tajikistan
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters;
semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Tanzania
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Thailand
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to
September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March);
southern isthmus always hot and humid

Timor-Leste
tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons

Togo
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Tokelau
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)

Tonga
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to
May), cool season (May to December)

Trinidad and Tobago
tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Tunisia
temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry
summers; desert in south

Turkey
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher
in interior

Turkmenistan
subtropical desert

Turks and Caicos Islands
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds;
sunny and relatively dry

Tuvalu
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to
November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

Uganda
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Ukraine
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern
Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest
in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from
cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm
across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

United Arab Emirates
desert; cooler in eastern mountains

United Kingdom
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds
over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are
overcast

United States
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida,
arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the
Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low
winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in
January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes
of the Rocky Mountains

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
Baker, Howland, and
Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning
sun
Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry;
consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature
variation
Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to
February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by
prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual
rainfall occurs during the winter
Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area
of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and
southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between
4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year

Uruguay
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Uzbekistan
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild
winters; semiarid grassland in east

Vanuatu
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to
October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected
by cyclones from December to April

Venezuela
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Vietnam
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season
(May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)

Virgin Islands
subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds,
relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation;
rainy season September to November

Wake Island
tropical

Wallis and Futuna
tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April);
cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year
(80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C

West Bank
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with
altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters

Western Sahara
hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air
currents produce fog and heavy dew

World
a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates -
bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that
separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates

Yemen
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in
western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot,
dry, harsh desert in east

Zambia
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to
April)

Zimbabwe
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to
March)

======================================================================

@2060

Field Listing :: Coastline

This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land
area (including islands) and the sea.
Country

Coastline(km)

Afghanistan
0 km (landlocked)

Akrotiri
56.3 km

Albania
362 km

Algeria
998 km

American Samoa
116 km

Andorra
0 km (landlocked)

Angola
1,600 km

Anguilla
61 km

Antarctica
17,968 km

Antigua and Barbuda
153 km

Arctic Ocean
45,389 km

Argentina
4,989 km

Armenia
0 km (landlocked)

Aruba
68.5 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
74.1 km

Atlantic Ocean
111,866 km

Australia
25,760 km

Austria
0 km (landlocked)

Azerbaijan
0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian
Sea (713 km)

Bahamas, The
3,542 km

Bahrain
161 km

Bangladesh
580 km

Barbados
97 km

Belarus
0 km (landlocked)

Belgium
66.5 km

Belize
386 km

Benin
121 km

Bermuda
103 km

Bhutan
0 km (landlocked)

Bolivia
0 km (landlocked)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
20 km

Botswana
0 km (landlocked)

Bouvet Island
29.6 km

Brazil
7,491 km

British Indian Ocean Territory
698 km

British Virgin Islands
80 km

Brunei
161 km

Bulgaria
354 km

Burkina Faso
0 km (landlocked)

Burma
1,930 km

Burundi
0 km (landlocked)

Cambodia
443 km

Cameroon
402 km

Canada
202,080 km

Cape Verde
965 km

Cayman Islands
160 km

Central African Republic
0 km (landlocked)

Chad
0 km (landlocked)

Chile
6,435 km

China
14,500 km

Christmas Island
138.9 km

Clipperton Island
11.1 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
26 km

Colombia
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448
km)

Comoros
340 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
37 km

Congo, Republic of the
169 km

Cook Islands
120 km

Coral Sea Islands
3,095 km

Costa Rica
1,290 km

Cote d'Ivoire
515 km

Croatia
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Cuba
3,735 km

Cyprus
648 km

Czech Republic
0 km (landlocked)

Denmark
7,314 km

Dhekelia
27.5 km

Djibouti
314 km

Dominica
148 km

Dominican Republic
1,288 km

Ecuador
2,237 km

Egypt
2,450 km

El Salvador
307 km

Equatorial Guinea
296 km

Eritrea
2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea
1,083 km)

Estonia
3,794 km

Ethiopia
0 km (landlocked)

European Union
65,992.9 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,288 km

Faroe Islands
1,117 km

Fiji
1,129 km

Finland
1,250 km

France
total: 4,668 km
metropolitan France: 3,427 km

French Polynesia
2,525 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et
Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km
Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul):
Iles Kerguelen: 2,800 km
Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km
Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km
Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km
Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 24.1 km
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 3.7 km

Gabon
885 km

Gambia, The
80 km

Gaza Strip
40 km

Georgia
310 km

Germany
2,389 km

Ghana
539 km

Gibraltar
12 km

Greece
13,676 km

Greenland
44,087 km

Grenada
121 km

Guam
125.5 km

Guatemala
400 km

Guernsey
50 km

Guinea
320 km

Guinea-Bissau
350 km

Guyana
459 km

Haiti
1,771 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
101.9 km

Holy See (Vatican City)
0 km (landlocked)

Honduras
820 km

Hong Kong
733 km

Hungary
0 km (landlocked)

Iceland
4,970 km

India
7,000 km

Indian Ocean
66,526 km

Indonesia
54,716 km

Iran
2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)

Iraq
58 km

Ireland
1,448 km

Isle of Man
160 km

Israel
273 km

Italy
7,600 km

Jamaica
1,022 km

Jan Mayen
124.1 km

Japan
29,751 km

Jersey
70 km

Jordan
26 km

Kazakhstan
0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral
Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian
Sea (1,894 km)

Kenya
536 km

Kiribati
1,143 km

Korea, North
2,495 km

Korea, South
2,413 km

Kosovo
0 km (landlocked)

Kuwait
499 km

Kyrgyzstan
0 km (landlocked)

Laos
0 km (landlocked)

Latvia
498 km

Lebanon
225 km

Lesotho
0 km (landlocked)

Liberia
579 km

Libya
1,770 km

Liechtenstein
0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania
90 km

Luxembourg
0 km (landlocked)

Macau
41 km

Macedonia
0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar
4,828 km

Malawi
0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia
4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607
km)

Maldives
644 km

Mali
0 km (landlocked)

Malta
196.8 km (excludes 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Marshall Islands
370.4 km

Mauritania
754 km

Mauritius
177 km

Mayotte
185.2 km

Mexico
9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of
6,112 km

Moldova
0 km (landlocked)

Monaco
4.1 km

Mongolia
0 km (landlocked)

Montenegro
293.5 km

Montserrat
40 km

Morocco
1,835 km

Mozambique
2,470 km

Namibia
1,572 km

Nauru
30 km

Navassa Island
8 km

Nepal
0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands
451 km

Netherlands Antilles
364 km

New Caledonia
2,254 km

New Zealand
15,134 km

Nicaragua
910 km

Niger
0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria
853 km

Niue
64 km

Norfolk Island
32 km

Northern Mariana Islands
1,482 km

Norway
25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long
fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km;
length of island coastlines 58,133 km)

Oman
2,092 km

Pacific Ocean
135,663 km

Pakistan
1,046 km

Palau
1,519 km

Panama
2,490 km

Papua New Guinea
5,152 km

Paracel Islands
518 km

Paraguay
0 km (landlocked)

Peru
2,414 km

Philippines
36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands
51 km

Poland
440 km

Portugal
1,793 km

Puerto Rico
501 km

Qatar
563 km

Romania
225 km

Russia
37,653 km

Rwanda
0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena
Saint Helena: 60 km
Ascension Island: NA
Tristan da Cunha: 40 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis
135 km

Saint Lucia
158 km

Saint Martin
58.9 km (for entire island)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
84 km

Samoa
403 km

San Marino
0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe
209 km

Saudi Arabia
2,640 km

Senegal
531 km

Serbia
0 km (landlocked)

Seychelles
491 km

Sierra Leone
402 km

Singapore
193 km

Slovakia
0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia
46.6 km

Solomon Islands
5,313 km

Somalia
3,025 km

South Africa
2,798 km

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
NA

Southern Ocean
17,968 km

Spain
4,964 km

Spratly Islands
926 km

Sri Lanka
1,340 km

Sudan
853 km

Suriname
386 km

Svalbard
3,587 km

Swaziland
0 km (landlocked)

Sweden
3,218 km

Switzerland
0 km (landlocked)

Syria
193 km

Taiwan
1,566.3 km

Tajikistan
0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania
1,424 km

Thailand
3,219 km

Timor-Leste
706 km

Togo
56 km

Tokelau
101 km

Tonga
419 km

Trinidad and Tobago
362 km

Tunisia
1,148 km

Turkey
7,200 km

Turkmenistan
0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea
(1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands
389 km

Tuvalu
24 km

Uganda
0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine
2,782 km

United Arab Emirates
1,318 km

United Kingdom
12,429 km

United States
19,924 km

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
Baker Island: 4.8 km
Howland Island: 6.4 km
Jarvis Island: 8 km
Johnston Atoll: 34 km
Kingman Reef: 3 km
Midway Islands: 15 km
Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km

Uruguay
660 km

Uzbekistan
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the
southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu
2,528 km

Venezuela
2,800 km

Vietnam
3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands
188 km

Wake Island
19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna
129 km

West Bank
0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara
1,110 km

World
356,000 km
note: 94 nations and other entities are islands that border no other
countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean
Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands,
Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands,
Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica,
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French
Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada,
Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island,
Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island,
Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar,
Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte,
Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru,
Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island,
Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands,
Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint
Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao
Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South
Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka,
Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos
Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and
Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen
1,906 km

Zambia
0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe
0 km (landlocked)

======================================================================

@2061

Field Listing :: Imports - partners

This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting
with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total
dollar value.
Country

Imports - partners(%)

Afghanistan
Pakistan 36.9%, US 9.5%, Germany 7.7%, India 5.2% (2008)

Albania
Italy 32.2%, Greece 13.1%, Turkey 7.2%, Germany 6.6%, China
4.5%, Russia 4.4% (2008)

Algeria
France 16.5%, Italy 11%, China 10.3%, Spain 7.4%, Germany
6.1%, US 5.5% (2008)

Angola
Portugal 17.6%, China 15.7%, US 11.3%, Brazil 7.6%, South
Korea 6.8%, South Africa 4.8% (2008)

Argentina
Brazil 31.3%, China 12.4%, US 12.2%, Germany 4.4% (2008)

Armenia
Russia 19.3%, China 8.7%, Ukraine 7%, Turkey 6.1%, Germany
5.8%, US 4.9%, Iran 4.6% (2008)

Aruba
US 53.3%, Netherlands 11.8%, UK 4.6% (2008)

Australia
China 15.4%, US 12%, Japan 9.1%, Singapore 7%, Germany 5%,
Thailand 4.5%, UK 4.3%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008)

Austria
Germany 44.5%, Italy 7.1%, Switzerland 5.2%, Netherlands
4.1% (2008)

Azerbaijan
Russia 18.8%, Turkey 11.3%, Germany 8.4%, Ukraine 7.9%,
China 6.7%, UK 5.4% (2008)

Bahamas, The
US 25.1%, South Korea 18.8%, Japan 16.4%, Singapore
7.3%, Venezuela 5% (2008)

Bahrain
Saudi Arabia 26.7%, Japan 8.9%, US 7.8%, China 6.2%, Germany
4.8%, South Korea 4.7%, UK 4.5% (2008)

Bangladesh
China 14.7%, India 14.7%, Kuwait 7.5%, Singapore 7.1%,
Japan 4.1% (2008)

Barbados
US 27.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 25.6%, Russia 7.1%, Colombia
6.4%, Germany 4.1% (2008)

Belarus
Russia 59.8%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 5.4% (2008)

Belgium
Netherlands 19.4%, Germany 17.2%, France 11%, UK 5.7%, US
5.6%, China 4.2% (2008)

Belize
US 37.4%, Mexico 12.9%, Cuba 7.7%, Guatemala 6.1%, Russia 5%,
China 4.2% (2008)

Benin
China 35.9%, US 13.2%, Thailand 6.5%, France 6.5%, Malaysia
6.2%, India 4.4% (2008)

Bermuda
Italy 26.3%, US 18%, South Korea 17.3%, UK 8.3%, Singapore
5.3%, France 5.1%, Norway 4.4% (2008)

Bhutan
India 59.5%, Japan 13.4%, China 5.6% (2008)

Bolivia
Brazil 26.7%, Argentina 16.3%, US 10.5%, Chile 9.5%, Peru
7.1%, China 4.8% (2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia 24.6%, Slovenia 12.7%, Germany 12.3%,
Italy 10.5%, Hungary 6.6%, Turkey 6.5%, Austria 6.3% (2008)

Brazil
US 14.9%, China 11.6%, Argentina 7.9%, Germany 7% (2008)

Brunei
Singapore 36.5%, Malaysia 19%, Japan 7.7%, China 5.5%,
Thailand 5%, US 4.7%, UK 4.7% (2008)

Bulgaria
Russia 14.6%, Germany 11.8%, Italy 7.9%, Ukraine 7.3%,
Romania 5.6%, Turkey 5.5%, Greece 5.4%, Austria 4.1% (2008)

Burkina Faso
Cote d'Ivoire 26.7%, France 18.4%, Togo 7.4%, Libya
4.2% (2008)

Burma
China 31.9%, Thailand 21.2%, Singapore 20.7%, Malaysia 5.1%,
Indonesia 4% (2008)

Burundi
Saudi Arabia 20.7%, Belgium 12.6%, Uganda 8.4%, Kenya 7.4%,
China 5.9%, France 5.4%, Germany 4.9%, India 4.1%, Tanzania 4.1%,
Japan 4% (2008)

Cambodia
Thailand 26.8%, Vietnam 19%, China 14.5%, Hong Kong 8.1%,
Singapore 6.9% (2008)

Cameroon
France 21.1%, Nigeria 13.8%, China 9.5%, Belgium 6.1% (2008)

Canada
US 52.4%, China 9.8%, Mexico 4.1% (2008)

Cape Verde
Portugal 40.3%, Netherlands 11.8%, Spain 6.7%, UK 6.5%,
Cote d'Ivoire 4.6%, Brazil 4.1% (2008)

Central African Republic
South Korea 20.2%, France 13.6%, Cameroon
7.7%, Netherlands 5.8%, US 5.3% (2008)

Chad
France 17.5%, Cameroon 14.8%, China 9.8%, Ukraine 9.5%, US
7.7%, Germany 5.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Netherlands 4% (2008)

Chile
US 19.1%, China 11.9%, Brazil 9.3%, Argentina 8.8%, South
Korea 5.6%, Japan 4.6% (2008)

China
Japan 13.3%, South Korea 9.9%, US 7.2%, Germany 4.9% (2008)

Colombia
US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008)

Comoros
Brazil 13.4%, France 13.1%, China 11.5%, UAE 9.1%, India
5.8%, Italy 5.3%, Pakistan 5.3%, Singapore 4.2%, Kenya 4.2% (2008)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
South Africa 28.7%, Belgium 10%,
Zambia 7.2%, Zimbabwe 6%, China 5.9%, Kenya 5.1%, France 4.7% (2008)

Congo, Republic of the
France 22.1%, China 18.7%, US 5.6%, Italy
5.2%, India 5.1%, Belgium 4.4% (2008)

Costa Rica
US 42.9%, Mexico 6.9%, Venezuela 6.3%, Japan 5.4%, China
4.7%, Brazil 4.2% (2008)

Cote d'Ivoire
Nigeria 31.5%, France 14.9%, China 7.2% (2008)

Croatia
Italy 17.1%, Germany 13.4%, Russia 10.5%, China 6.1%,
Slovenia 5.6%, Austria 4.9% (2008)

Cuba
Venezuela 30%, China 11.9%, Spain 10.1%, Canada 6.4%, US 6.3%
(2008)

Cyprus
Greece 16.9%, Italy 10.7%, UK 8.7%, Germany 8.3%, Israel
8.2%, China 5.3%, Netherlands 4.1%, France 4% (2008)

Czech Republic
Germany 30.3%, Slovakia 6.6%, Poland 6.4%, Russia
6.2%, Netherlands 5.6%, Austria 5.2%, China 4.9%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

Denmark
Germany 20.9%, Sweden 14%, Netherlands 6.7%, Norway 6.3%,
China 5.7%, UK 5.1% (2008)

Djibouti
Saudi Arabia 20.5%, India 20.5%, China 10.6%, US 6%,
Malaysia 6% (2008)

Dominica
Japan 43.2%, US 17%, China 12.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.4%
(2008)

Dominican Republic
US 39.2%, Venezuela 7.7%, Mexico 5.4%, Colombia
4.9% (2008)

Ecuador
US 19.1%, Venezuela 13.8%, Colombia 9.9%, China 8.4%, Brazil
4.8%, Japan 4.1% (2008)

Egypt
US 10.3%, China 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Germany 6.8%, Saudi Arabia
4.9% (2008)

El Salvador
US 29.9%, Guatemala 11.8%, Mexico 9.7%, China 4.5%,
France 4.4% (2008)

Equatorial Guinea
China 17.7%, Spain 13.3%, US 11.8%, France 10.9%,
Cote d'Ivoire 10.4%, Italy 5.5%, UK 5.1% (2008)

Eritrea
India 28.5%, Saudi Arabia 17.8%, Italy 10.9%, China 8.5%, US
4.4%, Germany 4% (2008)

Estonia
Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%,
Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.6% (2008)

Ethiopia
China 16.3%, Saudi Arabia 12%, India 8.7%, Italy 6%, Japan
4.9%, US 4.5% (2008)

Faroe Islands
Denmark 50.4%, Norway 20.2%, Sweden 6.4%, UK 4.2%,
Iceland 4.1% (2008)

Fiji
Singapore 30.5%, Australia 20.5%, NZ 15.5%, China 5.4% (2008)

Finland
Russia 16.3%, Germany 15.7%, Sweden 13.6%, Netherlands 6.3%,
China 5.1%, UK 4.2% (2008)

France
Germany 17.9%, Belgium 11.7%, Italy 8.3%, Spain 6.9%,
Netherlands 6.8%, UK 5.1%, US 4.3% (2008)

Gabon
France 32.2%, US 11.1%, China 5.4%, Belgium 4.7%, Cameroon
4.4%, Netherlands 4.2% (2008)

Gambia, The
China 20.6%, Senegal 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.7%, Brazil
7.7%, Netherlands 5% (2008)

Georgia
Turkey 14.9%, Ukraine 10.4%, Azerbaijan 9.6%, Germany 7.9%,
Russia 6.8%, US 5.7%, China 4.7%, UAE 4.4% (2008)

Germany
Netherlands 12.5%, France 8.3%, Belgium 7.5%, China 6.2%,
Italy 5.7%, UK 5.4%, Austria 4.3%, Russia 4.2%, US 4.2% (2008)

Ghana
China 15.6%, Nigeria 14.7%, India 7.4%, US 5.5%, France 4.4%,
UK 4.4% (2008)

Greece
Germany 13.3%, Italy 12.8%, China 6.2%, France 5.6%,
Netherlands 5.1%, Russia 4.7% (2008)

Greenland
Denmark 59.1%, Sweden 20.9%, Norway 4.7%, UK 4.4% (2008)

Grenada
Trinidad and Tobago 39.6%, US 22.5%, Barbados 3.3% (2008)

Guatemala
US 36.7%, Mexico 9.7%, China 5.8%, El Salvador 4.8% (2008)

Guinea
China 9.6%, France 7.8%, Netherlands 7.6% (2008)

Guinea-Bissau
Portugal 24.5%, Senegal 17.2%, Pakistan 4.8%, France
4.6% (2008)

Guyana
US 23.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.3%, Finland 7.7%, Cuba 6.1%,
China 5.7% (2008)

Haiti
US 34%, Dominican Republic 23.1%, Netherlands Antilles 10.6%,
China 4.5% (2008)

Honduras
US 50%, Guatemala 7.6%, El Salvador 5.3%, Mexico 4.7%,
Costa Rica 4.2% (2008)

Hong Kong
China 46.6%, Japan 9.8%, Singapore 6.4%, US 5% (2008)

Hungary
Germany 25.4%, Russia 9%, China 7.6%, Austria 6.1%,
Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.4%, Italy 4.3% (2008)

Iceland
Norway 10.9%, Germany 10.4%, Sweden 9%, US 8%, Denmark 7.4%,
China 6.8%, Netherlands 6%, UK 4.4%, Japan 4% (2008)

India
China 11.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.5%, US 6.6%, UAE 5.1%, Iran 4.2%,
Singapore 4.2%, Germany 4.2% (2008)

Indonesia
Singapore 16.9%, China 11.8%, Japan 11.7%, Malaysia 6.9%,
US 6.1%, South Korea 5.4%, Thailand 4.9% (2008)

Iran
UAE 19.3%, China 13%, Germany 9.2%, South Korea 7%, Italy 5.1%,
France 4.3%, Russia 4.2% (2008)

Iraq
Syria 26.4%, Turkey 19.7%, US 10.7%, Jordan 6.5%, China 6%
(2008)

Ireland
UK 37.7%, US 11.6%, Germany 8.7%, Netherlands 5.6% (2008)

Israel
US 12.3%, Belgium 6.5%, China 6.5%, Switzerland 6.1%, Germany
6% (2008)

Italy
Germany 16%, France 8.6%, China 6.2%, Netherlands 5.3%, Libya
4.6%, Russia 4.3% (2008)

Jamaica
US 39.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 17.5%, Venezuela 11.6% (2008)

Japan
China 18.9%, US 10.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, Australia 6.2%, UAE
6.1%, Indonesia 4.3% (2008)

Jordan
Saudi Arabia 21.2%, China 10.4%, Germany 6%, US 4.6%, Egypt
4.5%, Ukraine 4.3% (2008)

Kazakhstan
Russia 35.9%, China 24.3%, Germany 6%, Ukraine 4.5% (2008)

Kenya
India 14.1%, UAE 11.5%, China 10%, Saudi Arabia 8%, South
Africa 5.7%, Japan 5.1% (2008)

Korea, North
China 46%, South Korea 34%, Thailand 6%, Russia 4%
(2007)

Korea, South
China 17.7%, Japan 14%, US 8.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.8%, UAE
4.4%, Australia 4.1% (2008)

Kuwait
US 11.9%, Japan 9.2%, Germany 8.1%, China 7.6%, Saudi Arabia
7%, Italy 4.8%, UK 4.2% (2008)

Kyrgyzstan
Russia 36.6%, China 17.9%, Kazakhstan 9.2%, Germany 8.2%
(2008)

Laos
Thailand 68.5%, China 10.5%, Vietnam 5.8% (2008)

Latvia
Lithuania 16.1%, Germany 12.9%, Russia 10.7%, Poland 7%,
Estonia 7%, Sweden 4.4%, Finland 4.3% (2008)

Lebanon
Syria 10.5%, France 9.5%, US 9.3%, Italy 7.3%, China 6.8%,
Germany 4.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.8%, Turkey 4.2% (2008)

Lesotho
China 35.5%, Hong Kong 22.1%, South Korea 19.1%, Germany
5.9%, Pakistan 4.6% (2008)

Liberia
South Korea 27.2%, Singapore 25.5%, Japan 11.8%, China 11%
(2008)

Libya
Italy 22.2%, China 9.3%, Germany 8.6%, Turkey 6.1%, Tunisia
5.8%, South Korea 4.7%, US 4.1%, France 4.1% (2008)

Lithuania
Russia 30.1%, Germany 11.8%, Poland 10%, Latvia 5.2% (2008)

Luxembourg
Belgium 28%, Germany 24%, China 18.9%, France 10%,
Netherlands 4.8% (2008)

Macau
China 39.3%, Hong Kong 10.1%, Japan 8.5%, US 5.5%, France
5.3%, Switzerland 4.7% (2008)

Macedonia
Germany 13.3%, Greece 12.4%, Bulgaria 9.9%, Serbia and
Montenegro 6.9%, Italy 6.3%, Turkey 5.6%, Slovenia 5.3%, Poland 4.4%
(2008)

Madagascar
China 20.1%, Bahrain 8.7%, France 6.3%, South Africa
5.7%, US 4.9%, India 4.4% (2008)

Malawi
South Africa 41.5%, China 7.3%, India 6.1%, Tanzania 5.4%, US
4.1% (2008)

Malaysia
China 12.8%, Japan 12.5%, Singapore 11%, US 10.8%, Thailand
5.6%, South Korea 4.6%, Indonesia 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2008)

Maldives
Singapore 27.2%, UAE 16.9%, Malaysia 9.7%, India 7.7%,
Thailand 4.9%, Sri Lanka 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2008)

Mali
Senegal 13.1%, France 11.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.2%, China 5.9%
(2008)

Malta
Italy 28.1%, UK 13.5%, France 8.2%, Germany 7.4%, Singapore
6.4% (2008)

Mauritania
France 16.7%, China 8.8%, Netherlands 6.4%, Spain 6%,
Belgium 5.4%, US 5.1%, Brazil 4.5% (2008)

Mauritius
India 21.1%, France 11.8%, South Africa 9.9%, China 8.2%
(2008)

Mexico
US 49%, China 11.2%, Japan 5.3%, South Korea 4.4%, Germany
4.1% (2008)

Moldova
Ukraine 20.6%, Russia 19.5%, Romania 14.6%, Germany 8.1%,
Italy 5.1%, Belarus 4.3% (2008)

Mongolia
Russia 34.1%, China 29.1%, South Korea 7.6%, Japan 7.4%
(2008)

Morocco
France 16.1%, Spain 13.5%, Italy 6.5%, China 6%, Germany
5.6%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, Moldova 5% (2008)

Mozambique
South Africa 27.4%, Netherlands 15.7%, China 4.3% (2008)

Nepal
India 55.4%, China 13.3%, Singapore 2% (2008)

Netherlands
Germany 16.6%, China 10.1%, Belgium 8.7%, US 7.5%, UK
5.8%, Russia 5.4%, France 4.4% (2008)

Netherlands Antilles
Venezuela 58.8%, US 19%, Brazil 5.9% (2008)

New Caledonia
France 36.6%, Singapore 17.7%, Australia 11.5%, NZ
4.7% (2008)

New Zealand
Australia 18.1%, China 13.2%, US 9.5%, Japan 8.3%,
Singapore 4.7%, Malaysia 4.4%, Germany 4.3% (2008)

Nicaragua
US 21%, Venezuela 14.3%, Mexico 8.4%, Costa Rica 8%, China
7.8%, Guatemala 6.1%, El Salvador 5.2% (2008)

Niger
France 16.6%, China 10.9%, Algeria 9.6%, Nigeria 7.4%, French
Polynesia 6.5%, Belgium 4.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.2% (2008)

Nigeria
China 13.8%, Netherlands 9.6%, US 8.4%, UK 5.3%, South Korea
5.2%, France 4.3% (2008)

Norway
Sweden 14.4%, Germany 13.4%, Denmark 6.9%, China 6.4%, UK
5.9%, US 5.4%, Netherlands 4.2% (2008)

Oman
UAE 27.2%, Japan 15.6%, US 5.7%, China 4.6%, India 4.5%, South
Korea 4.2%, Germany 4.2% (2008)

Pakistan
China 14.1%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11.2%, Kuwait 5.4%,
India 4.8%, US 4.7%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008)

Panama
US 29.6%, Costa Rica 5%, China 5%, Japan 4.2% (2008)

Papua New Guinea
Australia 42.6%, Singapore 15.6%, China 11%, Japan
5.8%, Malaysia 4.3% (2008)

Paraguay
Brazil 27.2%, US 22.1%, Argentina 14.9%, China 10.4% (2008)

Peru
US 23.7%, China 10.6%, Brazil 7.5%, Ecuador 6.5%, Chile 5.1%,
Argentina 5%, Mexico 4.5% (2008)

Philippines
US 12.8%, Japan 11.8%, Singapore 10.3%, Saudi Arabia
8.5%, China 7.5%, South Korea 5.2%, Thailand 5%, Malaysia 4.3% (2008)

Poland
Germany 28.3%, Russia 9.9%, Italy 6.2%, Netherlands 5.4%,
France 4.8%, China 4.5%, Czech Republic 4% (2008)

Portugal
Spain 28.9%, Germany 11.6%, France 8%, Italy 4.9%,
Netherlands 4.4% (2008)

Qatar
US 12.1%, Germany 9%, Italy 8.9%, Japan 8%, South Korea 7.5%,
France 6.2%, UAE 5.5%, UK 4.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Turkey 4.2%,
China 4.2% (2008)

Romania
Germany 16.3%, Italy 11.4%, Hungary 7.4%, Russia 6%, France
5.7%, Turkey 4.9%, Austria 4.9%, Kazakhstan 4.6%, China 4.2% (2008)

Russia
Germany 13.5%, China 13.2%, Japan 6.5%, Ukraine 6%, US 4.5%,
Italy 4.3% (2008)

Rwanda
Kenya 15.2%, Uganda 13.3%, China 6.3%, Belgium 5.3%, Germany
4.5% (2008)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
US 46.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.8%, UK 4.1%
(2008)

Saint Lucia
Brazil 68%, US 11.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.4% (2008)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Singapore 27.1%, Trinidad and
Tobago 13.2%, US 12.1%, China 8.5%, Italy 7.1%, Norway 5.1% (2008)

Samoa
NZ 20.1%, Fiji 18.2%, Singapore 18.1%, China 8.7%, Australia
6.4% (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
Portugal 55.8%, Belgium 9.6%, Japan 9.3% (2008)

Saudi Arabia
US 12.2%, China 10.5%, Japan 7.7%, Germany 7.4%, South
Korea 5.1%, Italy 4.8%, India 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008)

Senegal
France 19.7%, UK 15.2%, China 6.7%, Belgium 4.6%, Thailand
4.4%, Netherlands 4.1% (2008)

Seychelles
Saudi Arabia 17.5%, Singapore 12.4%, France 10.3%, Spain
8.1%, Germany 7%, India 5.4%, South Africa 4.7% (2008)

Sierra Leone
China 10.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.8%, US 7.8%, Belgium 6.6%,
UK 6.6%, Thailand 5.2%, India 4.2% (2008)

Singapore
Malaysia 11.9%, US 11.8%, China 10.5%, Japan 8.1%, South
Korea 5.6%, Indonesia 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.6% (2008)

Slovakia
Germany 20%, Czech Republic 17.7%, Russia 10.6%, Hungary
6.9%, South Korea 5.2%, Austria 5%, Poland 4.9%, China 4.1% (2008)

Slovenia
Germany 17.2%, Italy 16.6%, Austria 11.2%, France 4.7%,
Croatia 4.1% (2008)

Solomon Islands
Singapore 26.7%, Australia 18.1%, India 7.5%, Fiji
4.4%, Malaysia 4.4%, Papua New Guinea 4.3%, NZ 4% (2008)

Somalia
Djibouti 29.2%, India 11.9%, Kenya 7.6%, US 6%, Oman 5.6%,
UAE 5.5%, Yemen 4.7% (2008)

South Africa
Germany 11.2%, China 11.1%, US 7.9%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%,
Japan 5.5%, UK 4% (2008)

Spain
Germany 14.5%, France 11.1%, Italy 7.4%, China 6.3%, UK 4.6%,
Netherlands 4.4% (2008)

Sri Lanka
India 20.3%, China 12.2%, Iran 7.6%, Singapore 7.4%, South
Korea 4.7% (2008)

Sudan
China 20%, Saudi Arabia 8.4%, UAE 6.2%, India 6.1%, Egypt
5.5%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

Suriname
US 31.2%, Netherlands 15.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.2%,
China 7.7%, Japan 6.4% (2008)

Sweden
Germany 17.5%, Denmark 9.4%, Norway 8.6%, UK 6.2%, Finland
5.7%, Netherlands 5.6%, France 5%, Russia 4.4%, China 4.2% (2008)

Switzerland
Germany 33.3%, Italy 11%, France 9.4%, US 5.8%,
Netherlands 4.6%, Austria 4% (2008)

Syria
Saudi Arabia 11.7%, China 8.7%, Russia 6.4%, Italy 5.9%, Egypt
5.8%, UAE 5.8%, Turkey 4.3%, Iran 4.2% (2008)

Taiwan
Japan 19.3%, China 13%, US 10.9%, Saudi Arabia 6.3%, South
Korea 5.5% (2008 est.)

Tajikistan
Russia 32.3%, China 11.9%, Kazakhstan 8.8%, Uzbekistan
4.7% (2008)

Tanzania
China 14.4%, India 9%, South Africa 7.7%, Kenya 6.9%, UAE
5.9% (2008)

Thailand
Japan 18.8%, China 11.2%, US 6.4%, UAE 6%, Malaysia 5.5%,
Saudi Arabia 4.1%, Singapore 4% (2008)

Togo
China 34.2%, Netherlands 7.5%, France 6.8%, India 6.5%,
Thailand 4.9% (2008)

Tonga
Fiji 36.8%, NZ 23.9%, US 9.3%, Australia 8.8%, China 4.9%
(2008)

Trinidad and Tobago
US 26.8%, Brazil 9.8%, Venezuela 7.9%, Colombia
6.2%, China 4.1%, Gabon 4% (2008)

Tunisia
France 21.5%, Italy 19.3%, Germany 9%, Libya 4.6%, Spain
4.5% (2008)

Turkey
Russia 15.5%, Germany 9.3%, China 7.8%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.5%,
France 4.5%, Iran 4.1% (2008)

Turkmenistan
China 16.9%, Russia 15.9%, Turkey 14%, UAE 10.3%,
Ukraine 7.9%, Germany 5.6%, Iran 5.1% (2008)

Uganda
UAE 11.4%, Kenya 11.3%, India 10.4%, China 8.1%, South Africa
6.7%, Japan 5.9% (2008)

Ukraine
Russia 22.7%, Germany 8.4%, Turkmenistan 6.6%, China 6.5%,
Poland 5% (2008)

United Arab Emirates
China 13.2%, India 10.4%, US 8.8%, Germany
6.5%, Japan 6.1%, Turkey 4.5%, Italy 4.3% (2008)

United Kingdom
Germany 13.1%, US 8.7%, China 7.5%, Netherlands 7.4%,
France 6.8%, Norway 6%, Belgium 4.7%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

United States
China 16.5%, Canada 15.7%, Mexico 10.1%, Japan 6.6%,
Germany 4.6% (2008)

Uruguay
Argentina 19.9%, Brazil 16.5%, China 11.2%, US 9.9%,
Paraguay 6.6%, Nigeria 4.6% (2008)

Uzbekistan
Russia 24.7%, China 15.4%, South Korea 13.6%, Ukraine
7.2%, Germany 5.5%, Kazakhstan 4.9%, Turkey 4.1% (2008)

Vanuatu
Australia 17.6%, US 15.9%, Japan 12%, Singapore 10.8%, China
8.5%, NZ 7.5%, Fiji 6.7% (2008)

Venezuela
US 26.3%, Colombia 12.7%, Brazil 10.3%, China 7%, Mexico
4.8% (2008)

Vietnam
China 19.4%, Singapore 11.6%, South Korea 8.8%, Thailand
6.1% (2008)

World
China 10.3%, Germany 8.7%, US 8%, Japan 5% (2008)

Yemen
UAE 14.7%, India 11.7%, China 11.3%, Saudi Arabia 6.9%, Kuwait
5.2% (2008)

Zambia
South Africa 51.7%, UAE 8%, China 6.8%, India 4.5% (2008)

Zimbabwe
South Africa 60.1%, China 4.2%, Botswana 3.7% (2008)

======================================================================

@2062

Field Listing :: Economic aid - donor

Country

Economic aid - donor

Australia
ODA, $2.123 billion (2006)

Austria
ODA, $1.498 billion (2006)

Belgium
ODA, $1.978 billion (2006)

Canada
ODA, $3.9 billion (2007)

Cyprus
$25.9 million (2006)

Denmark
ODA, $2.236 billion (2006)

Finland
ODA, $1.023 billion (2007)

France
ODA, $10.6 billion (2006)

Germany
ODA, $10.44 billion (2006)

Greece
$424 million (2006)

Iceland
$6.7 million (2004)

Ireland
ODA, $1.022 billion (2006)

Italy
ODA, $3.641 billion (2006)

Japan
ODA, $11.19 billion (2006)

Korea, South
ODA, $455.3 million (2006)

Luxembourg
ODA, $291 million (2006)

Netherlands
ODA, $5.452 billion (2006)

New Zealand
ODA, $259 million (2006)

Norway
ODA, $2.954 billion (2006)

Portugal
ODA, $396 million (2006)

Saudi Arabia
since 2002, Saudi Arabia has provided more than $480
million in budgetary support to the Palestinian Authority, supported
Palestinian refugees through contributions to the UN Relief and
Works Agency (UNRWA), provided more than $250 million to Arab League
funds for the Palestinians, and pledged $500 million in assistance
over the next three years at the Donors Conference in Dec 2007;
pledged $230 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1
billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq; pledged $133
million in direct grant aid, $187 million in concessional loans, and
$153 million in export credits for Pakistan earthquake relief;
pledged a total of $1.59 billion to Lebanon in assistance and
deposits to the Central Bank of Lebanon in 2006 and pledged an
additional $1.1 billion in early 2007

Spain
ODA, $3.814 billion (2006)

Sweden
ODA, $3.955 billion (2006)

Switzerland
ODA, $1.646 billion (2006)

United Arab Emirates
since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund
for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries
(2004)

United Kingdom
ODA, $12.46 billion (2006)

United States
ODA, $23.53 billion (2006)

======================================================================

@2063

Field Listing :: Constitution

This entry includes the dates of adoption, revisions, and major
amendments.
Country

Constitution

Afghanistan
new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January
2004; signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004

Akrotiri
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in
Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal
document

Albania
approved by parliament on 21 October 1998; adopted by
popular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998

Algeria
8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22
November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, 28
November 1996, 10 April 2002, and 12 November 2008

American Samoa
ratified 2 June 1966; effective 1 July 1967

Andorra
Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991;
approved by referendum 14 March 1993; effective 28 April 1993

Angola
adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992

Anguilla
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981

Argentina
1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860

Armenia
adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments
adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005

Aruba
1 January 1986

Australia
9 July 1900; effective 1 January 1901

Austria
1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; note - during the
period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative)
constitution in place

Azerbaijan
adopted 12 November 1995; modified by referendum 24
August 2002

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973

Bahrain
adopted 14 February 2002

Bangladesh
4 November 1972; effective 16 December 1972; suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982; restored 10 November 1986; amended
many times

Barbados
30 November 1966

Belarus
15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits

Belgium
7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to
create a federal state

Belize
21 September 1981

Benin
adopted by referendum 2 December 1990

Bermuda
8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan
ratified 18 July 2008

Bolivia
2 February 1967; revised in August 1994; voters approved a
new constitution on 25 January 2009

Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Peace Accords, signed 14 December
1995 in Paris, included a new constitution now in force; note - each
of the entities also has its own constitution

Botswana
March 1965; effective 30 September 1966

Brazil
5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands
13 June 2007

Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)

Bulgaria
adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso
approved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11
June 1991; last amended January 2002

Burma
3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; a new
constitution was approved on 10 May 2008; note - new constitution
will take effect when a new parliament is convened following
elections scheduled for 2010

Burundi
ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005

Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon
approved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972;
revised January 1996

Canada
made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial
decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution
consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a
federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April
1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from
Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde
25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995
substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision
created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009, 6
November 2009

Central African Republic
ratified by popular referendum 5 December
2004; effective 27 December 2004

Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum
removed constitutional term limits

Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989,
1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005

China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982 with amendments in
1988 and 1993

Christmas Island
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as
amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23
November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Colombia
5 July 1991; amended many times

Comoros
23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
18 February 2006

Congo, Republic of the
approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands
4 August 1965

Costa Rica
7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire
approved by referendum 23 July 2000

Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba
24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus
16 August 1960
note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer
participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for
a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better
relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence
in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country
other than Turkey

Czech Republic
ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993;
amended 1997, 2000, 2001 (twice), 2002

Denmark
5 June 1953; note - constitution allowed for a unicameral
legislature and a female chief of state

Dhekelia
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in
Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal
document

Djibouti
approved by referendum 4 September 1992; note -
constitution allows for multiparties

Dominica
3 November 1978

Dominican Republic
28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002

Ecuador
20 October 2008

Egypt
11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26
March 2007

El Salvador
20 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995

Eritrea
adopted on 23 May 1997, but has not yet been fully
implemented

Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia
ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union
none
note: based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set
up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the
Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC)
and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the
Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback
to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council
agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental
Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form;
this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a
constitution and was presented to the European Council in October
2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish
voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process; the
Reform Treaty, more recently known as the Treaty of Lisbon, was
again circulated for ratification, and by November 2009 was approved
by all 27 countries; it is scheduled to come into effect on 1
December 2009

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3 October 1985; amended 1997 and
1998

Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji
enacted 25 July 1997; effective 28 July 1998; note - it
encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory

Finland
1 March 2000

France
adopted by referendum 28 September 1958; effective 4 October
1958; amended many times
note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to
comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam
Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in
1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to
a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional
treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that
the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by
referendum

French Polynesia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective
16 January 1997

Georgia
adopted 24 August 1995

Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united Germany 3 October 1990

Ghana
approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar
5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007

Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001