Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (139)

Antarctica
Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed
on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961,
establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica;
the 32nd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in
Baltimore, MD, USA in April 2009; at these periodic meetings,
decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative
member nations; by May 2009, there were 47 treaty member nations: 28
consultative and 19 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making)
members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica
as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant
nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims;
the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is
administered through meetings of the consultative member nations;
decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member
nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in
accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses
indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and
when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date
indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory;
claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ,
Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium,
Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador
(1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India
(1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989),
Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977),
Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine
(1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative
members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria
(1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984),
Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece
(1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Monaco
(2008), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia
(1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela
(1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and
separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 -
area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such
as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and
equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful
purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and
cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information
and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international
agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish
territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the
treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or
disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the
treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south
and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers
have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may
inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice
of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel
must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers
and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent
consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 -
treaty states will discourage activities by any country in
Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to
be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by
the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting,
and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements -
some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and
ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and
Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental
Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972);
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains
unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the
Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14
January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the
Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental
impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3)
waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine
pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability
arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities
relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a
permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
system of government and a Commonwealth realm

Argentina
republic

Armenia
republic

Aruba
parliamentary democracy

Australia
federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Austria
federal republic

Azerbaijan
republic

Bahamas, The
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Bahrain
constitutional monarchy

Bangladesh
parliamentary democracy

Barbados
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Belarus
republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgium
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional
monarchy

Belize
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Benin
republic

Bermuda
parliamentary; self-governing territory

Bhutan
constitutional monarchy

Bolivia
republic; note - the new constitution defines Bolivia as a
"Social Unitarian State"

Bosnia and Herzegovina
emerging federal democratic republic

Botswana
parliamentary republic

Brazil
federal republic

British Virgin Islands
NA

Brunei
constitutional sultanate

Bulgaria
parliamentary democracy

Burkina Faso
parliamentary republic

Burma
military junta

Burundi
republic

Cambodia
multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Cameroon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Canada
a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a Commonwealth
realm

Cape Verde
republic

Cayman Islands
parliamentary democracy

Central African Republic
republic

Chad
republic

Chile
republic

China
Communist state

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comoros
republic

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
republic

Congo, Republic of the
republic

Cook Islands
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Rica
democratic republic

Cote d'Ivoire
republic; multiparty presidential regime established
1960
note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing
agreement mandated by international mediators

Croatia
presidential/parliamentary democracy

Cuba
Communist state

Cyprus
republic
note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the
island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this
separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in
July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave
the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots
control the only internationally recognized government; on 15
November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared
independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" ("TRNC"), which is recognized only by Turkey

Czech Republic
parliamentary democracy

Denmark
constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
republic

Dominica
parliamentary democracy

Dominican Republic
democratic republic

Ecuador
republic

Egypt
republic

El Salvador
republic

Equatorial Guinea
republic

Eritrea
transitional government
note: following a successful referendum on independence for the
Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National
Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and
Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a
Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a
constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the
transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,
did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential
elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001,
but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is
the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estonia
parliamentary republic

Ethiopia
federal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
NA

Fiji
republic

Finland
republic

France
republic

French Polynesia
NA

Gabon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Gambia, The
republic

Georgia
republic

Germany
federal republic

Ghana
constitutional democracy

Gibraltar
NA

Greece
parliamentary republic

Greenland
parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenada
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Guam
NA

Guatemala
constitutional democratic republic

Guernsey
parliamentary democracy

Guinea
republic

Guinea-Bissau
republic

Guyana
republic

Haiti
republic

Holy See (Vatican City)
ecclesiastical

Honduras
democratic constitutional republic

Hong Kong
limited democracy

Hungary
parliamentary democracy

Iceland
constitutional republic

India
federal republic

Indonesia
republic

Iran
theocratic republic

Iraq
parliamentary democracy

Ireland
republic, parliamentary democracy

Isle of Man
parliamentary democracy

Israel
parliamentary democracy

Italy
republic

Jamaica
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth
realm

Japan
a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Jersey
parliamentary democracy

Jordan
constitutional monarchy

Kazakhstan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Kenya
republic

Kiribati
republic

Korea, North
Communist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, South
republic

Kosovo
republic

Kuwait
constitutional emirate

Kyrgyzstan
republic

Laos
Communist state

Latvia
parliamentary democracy

Lebanon
republic

Lesotho
parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberia
republic

Libya
Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the
populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state

Liechtenstein
constitutional monarchy

Lithuania
parliamentary democracy

Luxembourg
constitutional monarchy

Macau
limited democracy

Macedonia
parliamentary democracy

Madagascar
republic

Malawi
multiparty democracy

Malaysia
constitutional monarchy
note: nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to as
the King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected
upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian
states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans)
except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with
Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by
government; powers of state governments are limited by federal
constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain
certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their
own immigration controls)

Maldives
republic

Mali
republic

Malta
republic

Marshall Islands
constitutional government in free association with
the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21
October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Mauritania
military junta

Mauritius
parliamentary democracy

Mayotte
NA

Mexico
federal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of
constitutional government in free
association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into
force May 2004

Moldova
republic

Monaco
constitutional monarchy

Mongolia
parliamentary

Montenegro
republic

Montserrat
NA

Morocco
constitutional monarchy

Mozambique
republic

Namibia
republic

Nauru
republic

Nepal
federal democratic republic

Netherlands
constitutional monarchy

Netherlands Antilles
parliamentary

New Caledonia
NA

New Zealand
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Nicaragua
republic

Niger
republic

Nigeria
federal republic

Niue
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
commonwealth; self-governing with locally
elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norway
constitutional monarchy

Oman
monarchy

Pakistan
federal republic

Palau
constitutional government in free association with the US; the
Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994

Panama
constitutional democracy

Papua New Guinea
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Paraguay
constitutional republic

Peru
constitutional republic

Philippines
republic

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
republic

Portugal
republic; parliamentary democracy

Puerto Rico
commonwealth

Qatar
emirate

Romania
republic

Russia
federation

Rwanda
republic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint Helena
NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth
realm

Saint Lucia
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Samoa
parliamentary democracy

San Marino
republic

Sao Tome and Principe
republic

Saudi Arabia
monarchy

Senegal
republic

Serbia
republic

Seychelles
republic

Sierra Leone
constitutional democracy

Singapore
parliamentary republic

Slovakia
parliamentary democracy

Slovenia
parliamentary republic

Solomon Islands
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Somalia
no permanent national government; transitional,
parliamentary federal government

South Africa
republic

Spain
parliamentary monarchy

Sri Lanka
republic

Sudan
Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress
Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a
power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace
Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in
1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national
elections in 2009

Suriname
constitutional democracy

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
monarchy

Sweden
constitutional monarchy

Switzerland
formally a confederation but similar in structure to a
federal republic

Syria
republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime

Taiwan
multiparty democracy

Tajikistan
republic

Tanzania
republic

Thailand
constitutional monarchy

Timor-Leste
republic

Togo
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobago
parliamentary democracy

Tunisia
republic

Turkey
republican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Turks and Caicos Islands
NA

Tuvalu
a parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Uganda
republic

Ukraine
republic

United Arab Emirates
federation with specified powers delegated to
the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member
emirates

United Kingdom
constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm

United States
Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic
tradition

Uruguay
constitutional republic

Uzbekistan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Vanuatu
parliamentary republic

Venezuela
federal republic

Vietnam
Communist state

Virgin Islands
NA

Wallis and Futuna
NA

Western Sahara
legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty
unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front
(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de
Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a
government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR),
led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between
Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with
Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure
from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in
August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter
and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's
government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity
(OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically
until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991
(Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for
the Referendum in Western Sahara or MINURSO

Yemen
republic

Zambia
republic

Zimbabwe
parliamentary democracy

======================================================================

@2129

Field Listing :: Unemployment rate

This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without
jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Unemployment rate(%)

Afghanistan
40% (2008 est.)
40% (2005 est.)

Albania
12.5% (2008 est.)
13.2% (2007 est.)
note: these are official rates, but actual rates may exceed 30% due
to preponderance of near-subsistence farming

Algeria
12.8% (2008 est.)
11.8% (2007 est.)

American Samoa
29.8% (2005)

Andorra
0% (2007)
0% (2006)

Angola
NA

Anguilla
8% (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda
11% (2001 est.)

Argentina
7.9% (2008 est.)
8.5% (2007 est.)

Armenia
7.1% (2007 est.)

Aruba
6.9% (2005 est.)

Australia
4.2% (2008 est.)
4.4% (2007 est.)

Austria
3.9% (2008 est.)
4.4% (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan
0.9% (2008 est.)
1% (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The
7.6% (2006 est.)

Bahrain
15% (2005 est.)

Bangladesh
2.5% (2008 est.)
2.5% (2007 est.)

Barbados
10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus
1.6% (2005)
note: officially registered unemployed; large number of
underemployed workers

Belgium
7% (2008 est.)
7.5% (2007 est.)

Belize
8.1% (2008)
9.4% (2006)

Benin
NA%

Bermuda
2.1% (2004 est.)

Bhutan
2.5% (2004)

Bolivia
7.5% (2008 est.)
7.5% (2007 est.)
note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment

Bosnia and Herzegovina
29% (2007 est.)
45.5% (31 December 2004 est.)
note: official rate; gray economy may reduce actual unemployment to
25-30%

Botswana
7.5% (2007 est.)

Brazil
7.9% (2008 est.)
9.3% (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands
3.6% (1997)

Brunei
3.7% (2008)
4% (2006)

Bulgaria
6.3% (2008 est.)
7.7% (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso
77% (2004)

Burma
5% (2008 est.)
5.2% (2007 est.)

Burundi
NA%

Cambodia
3.5% (2007 est.)
2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon
30% (2001 est.)

Canada
6.2% (2008 est.)
6% (2007 est.)

Cape Verde
21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands
4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic
8% (2001 est.)
note: 23% unemployment for Bangui

Chad
NA%

Chile
7.8% (2008 est.)
7% (2007 est.)

China
4% (2008 est.)
4% (2007 est.)
note: official data for urban areas only; including migrants may
boost total unemployment to 9%; substantial unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
60% (2000 est.)

Colombia
11.3% (2008 est.)
11.2% (2007 est.)

Comoros
20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%

Congo, Republic of the
NA%

Cook Islands
13.1% (2005)

Costa Rica
4.9% (2008 est.)
4.6% (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

note: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of the
civil war

Croatia
13.7% (2008 est.)
11.8% (2007 est.)

Cuba
1.6% (2008 est.)
1.8% (2007 est.)

Cyprus
3.6% (2008 est.)
3.9% (2007 est.)

Czech Republic
5.4% (2008 est.)
6.6% (2007 est.)

Denmark
1.8% (2008 est.)
2.8% (2007 est.)

Djibouti
59% (2007 est.)
note: data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas

Dominica
23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic
14.1% (2008 est.)
15.6% (2007 est.)

Ecuador
7.3% (2008 est.)
8.8% (2007 est.)

Egypt
8.7% (2008 est.)
9.1% (2007 est.)

El Salvador
6.9% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.)
note: data are official rates; but the economy has much
underemployment

Equatorial Guinea
30% (1998 est.)

Eritrea
NA%

Estonia
5.7% (2008 est.)
4.7% (2007 est.)

Ethiopia
NA%

European Union
7.2% (2008 est.)
8.5% (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Faroe Islands
1.4% (2007)
2.1% (2006)

Fiji
7.6% (1999)

Finland
6.4% (2008 est.)
6.9% (2007 est.)

France
7.4% (2008 est.)
7.9% (2007 est.)

French Polynesia
11.7% (2005)

Gabon
21% (2006 est.)

Gambia, The
NA%

Gaza Strip
41.3% (June 2008)
34.8% (2006)

Georgia
13.6% (2006 est.)

Germany
7.8% (2008 est.)
9% (2007 est.)
note: this is the International Labor Organization's estimated rate
for international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Office
estimated a seasonally adjusted rate of 10.8%

Ghana
11% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar
3% (2005 est.)

Greece
7.7% (2008 est.)
8.3% (2007 est.)

Greenland
9.3% (2005 est.)

Grenada
12.5% (2000)

Guam
11.4% (2002 est.)

Guatemala
3.2% (2005 est.)

Guernsey
0.9% (March 2006 est.)

Guinea
NA%

Guinea-Bissau
NA%

Guyana
11% (2007)

Haiti
NA%
note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than
two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs

Honduras
3.5% (2008 est.)
note: high level of underemployment with up to a third of the labor
force seeking more work.

Hong Kong
3.5% (2008 est.)
4% (2007 est.)

Hungary
7.8% (2008 est.)
7.3% (2007 est.)

Iceland
1.6% (2008 est.)
1% (2007 est.)
note: this figure climbed to 9.4% as of February 2009

India
9.1% (2008 est.)
7.2% (2007 est.)

Indonesia
8.4% (2008 est.)
9.1% (2007 est.)

Iran
12.5% (2008 est.)
12% (2007 est.)
note: data are according to the Iranian Government

Iraq
18.2% (2008 est.)
18% (2006 est.)
note: official data; unofficial estimates as high as 30%

Ireland
6.3% (2008 est.)
4.6% (2007 est.)

Isle of Man
1.5% (December 2006 est.)

Israel
6.1% (2008 est.)
7.3% (2007 est.)

Italy
6.8% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.)

Jamaica
11% (2008 est.)
9.9% (2007 est.)

Japan
4% (2008 est.)
3.8% (2007 est.)

Jersey
2.2% (2006 est.)

Jordan
12.6% (2008 est.)
13.5% (2007 est.)
note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%

Kazakhstan
6.6% (2008 est.)
7.3% (2007 est.)

Kenya
40% (2008 est.)
40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati
2% (1992 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
3.2% (2008 est.)
3.3% (2007 est.)

Kosovo
40% (2007 est.)

Kuwait
2.2% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
18% (2004 est.)

Laos
2.4% (2005 est.)

Latvia
7.5% (2008 est.)
5.7% (2007 est.)

Lebanon
9.2% (2007 est.)

Lesotho
45% (2002)

Liberia
85% (2003 est.)

Libya
30% (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein
1.5% (31 December 2007)
1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania
5.8% (2008 est.)
3.5% (2007 est.)
note: based on survey data, official registered unemployment of 5.7%

Luxembourg
4.4% (2008 est.)
4.4% (2007 est.)

Macau
3% (2008)
3.1% (2006)

Macedonia
33.8% (2008 est.)
34.9% (2007 est.)

Malawi
NA%

Malaysia
3.3% (2008 est.)
3.2% (2007 est.)

Maldives
14.4% (2006 est.)

Mali
30% (2004 est.)

Malta
6% (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands
36% (2006 est.)
30.9% (2000 est.)

Mauritania
30% (2008 est.)
20% (2004 est.)

Mauritius
7.2% (2008 est.)
8.8% (2007 est.)

Mayotte
25.4% (2005)

Mexico
4% (2008 est.)
3.7% (2007 est.)
note: underemployment is perhaps 25%

Micronesia, Federated States of
22% (2000 est.)

Moldova
1.5% (2008 est.)

Monaco
0% (2005)

Mongolia
2.8% (2008)
3% (2007)

Montenegro
14.7% (2007 est.)

Montserrat
6% (1998 est.)

Morocco
9.5% (2008 est.)
9.8% (2007 est.)

Mozambique
21% (1997 est.)

Namibia
5% (2008 est.)

Nauru
90% (2004 est.)

Nepal
46% (2008 est.)
42% (2004 est.)

Netherlands
4% (2008 est.)
4.6% (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
15.5% (2002 est.)

New Caledonia
17.1% (2004)

New Zealand
4.2% (2008 est.)
3.6% (2007 est.)

Nicaragua
5.6% (2008 est.)
4.9% (2007 est.)
note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008

Niger
NA%

Nigeria
4.9% (2007 est.)

Niue
12% (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands
8% (2005 est.)
3.9% (2001)

Norway
2.6% (2008 est.)
2.5% (2007 est.)

Oman
15% (2004 est.)

Pakistan
13.6% (2008 est.)
5.6% (2007 est.)
note: substantial underemployment exists

Palau
4.2% (2005 est.)

Panama
5.6% (2008 est.)
6.4% (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea
1.9% (2004)

Paraguay
5.4% (2008 est.)
5.6% (2007 est.)

Peru
8.1% (2008 est.)
6.9% (2007 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment

Philippines
7.4% (2008 est.)
7.3% (2007 est.)

Poland
9.8% (2008 est.)
12.8% (2007 est.)

Portugal
7.6% (2008 est.)
8% (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico
12% (2002)

Qatar
0.4% (2008 est.)
0.7% (2007 est.)

Romania
4.4% (2008 est.)
4.1% (2007 est.)

Russia
6.4% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.)

Rwanda
NA%

Saint Helena
14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia
20% (2003 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
10.3% (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15% (2001 est.)

Samoa
NA%

San Marino
3.1% (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
NA%

Saudi Arabia
11.8% (2008 est.)
13% (2004 est.)
note: data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; some
estimates range as high as 25%)

Senegal
48% (2007 est.)

Serbia
18.8% (2007 est.)

Seychelles
2% (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone
NA%

Singapore
2.2% (2008 est.)
2.1% (2007 est.)

Slovakia
7.7% (2008 est.)
8.4% (2007 est.)

Slovenia
6.7% (2008 est.)
7.7% (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands
NA%

Somalia
NA%

South Africa
22.9% (2008 est.)
24.3% (2007 est.)

Spain
11.3% (2008 est.)
8.3% (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka
5.2% (2008 est.)
6% (2007 est.)

Sudan
18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname
9.5% (2004)

Swaziland
40% (2006 est.)

Sweden
6.2% (2008 est.)
6.1% (2007 est.)

Switzerland
2.6% (2008 est.)
2.8% (2007 est.)

Syria
8.6% (2008 est.)
9% (2007 est.)

Taiwan
4.1% (2008 est.)
3.9% (2007 est.)

Tajikistan
2.3% (2008 est.)
2.4% (2007 est.)
note: official rates; actual unemployment is higher

Tanzania
NA%

Thailand
1.4% (2008 est.)
1.4% (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste
20% (2006 est.)
note: data are for rural areas, unemployment rises to more than 40%
among urban youth

Togo
NA%

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
13% (FY03/04 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
4.6% (2008 est.)
4.5% (2007 est.)

Tunisia
14.1% (2008 est.)
14.1% (2007 est.)

Turkey
11% (2008 est.)
9.9% (2007 est.)
note: underemployment amounted to 4% in 2008

Turkmenistan
60% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
10% (1997 est.)

Tuvalu
NA%

Uganda
NA%

Ukraine
3% (2008 est.)
2.3% (2007 est.)
note: officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers

United Arab Emirates
2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom
5.6% (2008 est.)
5.3% (2007 est.)

United States
5.8% (2008 est.)
4.6% (2007 est.)

Uruguay
7.6% (2008 est.)
9.2% (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan
1% (2008 est.)
0.8% (2007 est.)
note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20%
underemployed

Vanuatu
1.7% (1999)

Venezuela
7.4% (2008 est.)
8.5% (2007 est.)

Vietnam
4.7% (2008 est.)
4.3% (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands
6.2% (2004)

Wallis and Futuna
15.2% (2003)

West Bank
16.3% (2008 est.)
18.6% (2006)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
30% (2007 est.)
note: combined unemployment and underemployment in many
non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%
unemployment

Yemen
35% (2003 est.)

Zambia
50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe
80% (2005 est.)

======================================================================

@2137

Field Listing :: Military - note

This entry includes miscellaneous military information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Military - note

Akrotiri
Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British
Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoa
defense is the responsibility of the US

Andorra
defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilla
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarctica
the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military
nature, such as the establishment of military bases and
fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the
testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military
personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other
peaceful purposes

Argentina
the Argentine military is a well-organized force
constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the
country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military
is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground
forces lighter and more responsive (2008)

Aruba
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal
Australian Air Force

Barbados
the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based
Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land
element is to defend the island against external aggression; the
Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small
regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it
increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to
prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)

Bermuda
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Island
defense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territory
defense is the responsibility of the
UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016

British Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Cayman Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Christmas Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Clipperton Island
defense is the responsibility of France

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia;
the territory has a five-person police force

Cook Islands
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand in
consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

Coral Sea Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Cuba
the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban Army of its
major economic and logistic support and had a significant impact on
equipment numbers and serviceability; the army remains well trained
and professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for
its existing equipment and the current severe shortage of fuel have
increasingly affected operational capabilities, Cuba remains able to
offer considerable resistance to any regional power (2008)

Dhekelia
includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station
connected by a roadway

European Union
the five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by
France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has deployed
troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and assumed
command of the ISAF in Afghanistan in August 2004; Eurocorps
directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the
Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR in Bosnia and
Herzegovina; in November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally
committed to creating 13 1,500-man battle groups by the end of 2007,
to respond to international crises on a rotating basis; 22 of the
EU's 27 nations have agreed to supply troops; France, Italy, and the
UK formed the first of three battle groups in 2005; Norway, Sweden,
Estonia, and Finland established the Nordic Battle Group effective 1
January 2008; nine other groups are to be formed; a rapid-reaction
naval EU Maritime Task Group was stood up in March 2007 (2007)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
defense is the responsibility of
the UK

Faroe Islands
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

French Polynesia
defense is the responsibility of France

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
defense is the responsibility of
France

Georgia
a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in
the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer
group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia

Gibraltar
defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal
Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces
in 1992

Greenland
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Guam
defense is the responsibility of the US

Guernsey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols

Holy See (Vatican City)
defense is the responsibility of Italy;
ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss
Guard

Hong Kong
defense is the responsibility of China

Iceland
Iceland has no standing military force; under a 1951
bilateral agreement - still valid - its defense was provided by the
US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik;
however, all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of
October 2006; although wartime defense of Iceland remains a NATO
commitment, in April 2007, Iceland and Norway signed a bilateral
agreement providing for Norwegian aerial surveillance and defense of
Icelandic airspace (2008)

Isle of Man
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Jan Mayen
defense is the responsibility of Norway

Jersey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Kiribati
Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance
is provided by Australia and NZ

Laos
serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao
People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and
ineffectively resourced; its mission focus is border and internal
security, primarily in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups;
together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the
government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state
machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil
unrest and similar national emergencies, but the LPA also has
upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks; there is no
perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains strong
ties with the neighboring Vietnamese military (2008)

Lesotho
Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent
sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice,
external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of
the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public
Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the
defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's
cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities
and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a
small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a
planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous
resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF
(2008)

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein has no military forces, but is
interested in European security policy and is an active member of
the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Macau
defense is the responsibility of China

Maldives
the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF), with its small
size and with little serviceable equipment, is inadequate to prevent
external aggression and is primarily tasked to reinforce the
Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the exclusive
economic zone (2008)

Marshall Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Mayotte
defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent
of French forces is stationed on the island

Micronesia, Federated States of
defense is the responsibility of the
US

Monaco
defense is the responsibility of France

Montenegro
Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully
professional armed forces

Montserrat
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Nauru
Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal
agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Navassa Island
defense is the responsibility of the US

Netherlands Antilles
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands

New Caledonia
defense is the responsibility of France

Niue
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Norfolk Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Northern Mariana Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Palau
defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of
Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is
granted access to the islands for 50 years, but it has not stationed
any military forces there (2008)

Panama
on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA
abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by
creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's
Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting
the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary
establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external
aggression"

Paracel Islands
occupied by China

Pitcairn Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Puerto Rico
defense is the responsibility of the US

Saint Barthelemy
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Helena
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Saint Martin
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
defense is the responsibility of France

Samoa
Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;
informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider
any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

San Marino
defense is the responsibility of Italy

Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force
with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly
ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered
simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or
replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working
conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have
been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups;
these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at
improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns;
command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of
Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)

South Africa
with the end of apartheid and the establishment of
majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and
ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National
Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was
considered complete

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
defense is the
responsibility of the UK

Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small
islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by
China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Svalbard
Svalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treaty
on 9 February 1920

Tokelau
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Turkey
a "National Security Policy Document" adopted in October 2005
increases the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security,
augmenting the General Directorate of Security and Gendarmerie
General Command (Jandarma); the TSK leadership continues to play a
key role in politics and considers itself guardian of Turkey's
secular state; in April 2007, it warned the ruling party about any
pro-Islamic appointments; despite on-going negotiations on EU
accession since October 2005, progress has been limited in
establishing required civilian supremacy over the military; primary
domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition
in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (the
Kurdish problem), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed
establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region; an overhaul of the
Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force
2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained
forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable
of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing
international peacekeeping responsibilities, and took charge of a
NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command in
Afghanistan in April 2007; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval
power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond
Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO,
multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of
territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the
Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept"
in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile
defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern
deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and
establishing a sustainable command and control system (2008)

Turks and Caicos Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
defense is the
responsibility of the US

Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Wake Island
defense is the responsibility of the US; the US Air
Force is responsible for overall administration and operation of the
island; the launch support facility is administered by the US
Missile Defense Agency (MDA)

Wallis and Futuna
defense is the responsibility of France

Yemen
a Coast Guard was established in 2002

======================================================================

@2138

Field Listing :: Communications - note

This entry includes miscellaneous communications information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Communications - note

Afghanistan
Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as
well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2005)

Bouvet Island
automatic meteorological station

Coral Sea Islands
there are automatic weather stations on many of
the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
one or more meteorological
stations on each possession; note - meteorological station on
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) is important for forecasting cyclones

Saint Helena
South Africa maintains a meteorological station on
Gough Island

======================================================================

@2140

Field Listing :: Government - note

This entry includes miscellaneous government information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Government - note

French Polynesia
under certain acts of France, French Polynesia has
acquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police and
justice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, and
defense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president are
fashioned after those of the French prime minister

Malawi
no party has a majority in the fractured legislature

New Zealand
while not an official symbol, the Kiwi, a small native
flightless bird, represents New Zealand

Solomon Islands
by the end of 2007, the Regional Assistance Mission
to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) - originally made up of police and
troops from Australia, NZ, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga - had
been scaled back to 303 police officers, 197 civilian technical
advisers, and 72 military advisers from 15 countries across the
region

Somalia
although an interim government was created in 2004, other
regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control
various regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic
of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous State
of Puntland in northeastern Somalia

======================================================================

@2141

Field Listing :: Group

Country

Group

Afghanistan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Akrotiri
All, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Albania
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Algeria
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

American Samoa
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Andorra
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Angola
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Anguilla
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Antarctica
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Arctic Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Argentina
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Armenia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Aruba
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia
- Oceania

Atlantic Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Australia
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Austria
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Azerbaijan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Bahamas, The
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Bahrain
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Bangladesh
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Barbados
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Belarus
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

Belgium
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Belize
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Benin
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Bermuda
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, North America

Bhutan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Bolivia
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Bosnia and Herzegovina
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Botswana
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Bouvet Island
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Antarctica

Brazil
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

British Indian Ocean Territory
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, South
Asia

British Virgin Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Brunei
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Bulgaria
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Burkina Faso
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Burma
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Burundi
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Cambodia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Cameroon
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Canada
All, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America

Cape Verde
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Cayman Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Central African Republic
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Chad
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Chile
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

China
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Christmas Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Clipperton Island
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, North
America

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -
Oceania

Colombia
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Comoros
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa,
Africa

Congo, Republic of the
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Cook Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Coral Sea Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Costa Rica
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Cote d'Ivoire
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Croatia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Cuba
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Cyprus
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Czech Republic
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Denmark
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Dhekelia
All, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Djibouti
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Dominica
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Dominican Republic
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Ecuador
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Egypt
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

El Salvador
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Equatorial Guinea
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Eritrea
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Estonia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Ethiopia
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

European Union
All, Europe, Europe

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
All, APLAA, South America/Global,
South America

Faroe Islands
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Fiji
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Finland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

France
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

French Polynesia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
All, OREA, Europe/French
Dependencies, Antarctica

Gabon
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Gambia, The
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Gaza Strip
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Georgia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East

Germany
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Ghana
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Gibraltar
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Greece
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Greenland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, North America

Grenada
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Guam
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Guatemala
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Guernsey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Guinea
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Guinea-Bissau
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Guyana
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Haiti
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,
Antarctica

Holy See (Vatican City)
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Honduras
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Hong Kong
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Hungary
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Iceland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

India
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Indian Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Indonesia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Iran
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Iraq
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Ireland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Isle of Man
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Israel
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Italy
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Jamaica
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Jan Mayen
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Japan
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Jersey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Jordan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Kazakhstan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Kenya
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Kiribati
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Korea, North
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Korea, South
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Kosovo
All, Europe

Kuwait
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Kyrgyzstan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Laos
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Latvia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Lebanon
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Lesotho
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Liberia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Libya
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Liechtenstein
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Lithuania
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Luxembourg
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

Macau
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Macedonia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Madagascar
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malawi
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malaysia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Maldives
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Mali
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Malta
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Marshall Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Mauritania
All, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Mauritius
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Mayotte
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Africa

Mexico
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, North America

Micronesia, Federated States of
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,
Australia - Oceania

Moldova
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

Monaco
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Mongolia
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Montenegro
All, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Montserrat
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Morocco
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Mozambique
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Namibia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Nauru
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Navassa Island
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Nepal
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Netherlands
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

Netherlands Antilles
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

New Caledonia
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

New Zealand
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Nicaragua
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Niger
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Nigeria
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Niue
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Norfolk Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Northern Mariana Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -
Oceania

Norway
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Oman
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Pacific Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Pakistan
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Palau
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Panama
All, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America

Papua New Guinea
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Paracel Islands
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Paraguay
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Peru
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Philippines
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Pitcairn Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Poland
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Portugal
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,
Europe

Puerto Rico
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Qatar
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Romania
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Russia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Rwanda
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saint Barthelemy
All, Central America

Saint Helena
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saint Kitts and Nevis
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Saint Lucia
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Saint Martin
All, Central America

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies,
North America

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
All, APLAA, North
America/Caribbean, Central America

Samoa
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

San Marino
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Sao Tome and Principe
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Saudi Arabia
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Senegal
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Serbia
All, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Seychelles
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Sierra Leone
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Singapore
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Slovakia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Slovenia
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe

Solomon Islands
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Somalia
All, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

South Africa
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
All, APLAA, South
America/Global

Southern Ocean
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Spain
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Spratly Islands
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Sri Lanka
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia

Sudan
All, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa

Suriname
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Svalbard
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Swaziland
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Sweden
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe

Switzerland
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe

Syria
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Taiwan
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Tajikistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Tanzania
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Thailand
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Timor-Leste
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Togo
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Tokelau
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Tonga
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Trinidad and Tobago
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central
America

Tunisia
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

Turkey
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Middle East

Turkmenistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Turks and Caicos Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean,
Central America

Tuvalu
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Uganda
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Ukraine
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe

United Arab Emirates
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

United Kingdom
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European
Union, Europe

United States
All, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
All, Australia -
Oceania

Uruguay
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Uzbekistan
All, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia

Vanuatu
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Venezuela
All, APLAA, South America/Global, South America

Vietnam
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia

Virgin Islands
All, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America

Wake Island
All, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania

Wallis and Futuna
All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -
Oceania

West Bank
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Western Sahara
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa

World
All, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans

Yemen
All, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East

Zambia
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

Zimbabwe
All, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa

======================================================================

@2142

Field Listing :: Country name

This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by the
US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example):
conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form
(Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form
(Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation.
Also see the Terminology note.
Country

Country name

Afghanistan
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
conventional short form: Afghanistan
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan
local short form: Afghanestan
former: Republic of Afghanistan

Akrotiri
conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area
conventional short form: Akrotiri

Albania
conventional long form: Republic of Albania
conventional short form: Albania
local long form: Republika e Shqiperise
local short form: Shqiperia
former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Algeria
conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of
Algeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash
Sha'biyah
local short form: Al Jaza'ir

American Samoa
conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa
abbreviation: AS

Andorra
conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form: Andorra
local long form: Principat d'Andorra
local short form: Andorra

Angola
conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola

Anguilla
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla

Antarctica
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina
conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form: Argentina
local long form: Republica Argentina
local short form: Argentina

Armenia
conventional long form: Republic of Armenia
conventional short form: Armenia
local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form: Hayastan
former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic

Aruba
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional long form: Territory of
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australia
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia
conventional short form: Australia

Austria
conventional long form: Republic of Austria
conventional short form: Austria
local long form: Republik Oesterreich
local short form: Oesterreich

Azerbaijan
conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: Azarbaycan
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Bahamas, The
conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
conventional short form: The Bahamas

Bahrain
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form: Bahrain
local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form: Al Bahrayn
former: Dilmun

Bangladesh
conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh
conventional short form: Bangladesh
local long form: Gana Prajatantri Banladesh
local short form: Banladesh
former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

Barbados
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados

Belarus
conventional long form: Republic of Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local long form: Respublika Byelarus'
local short form: Byelarus'
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium
conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium
conventional short form: Belgium
local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie
local short form: Belgique/Belgie

Belize
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Belize
former: British Honduras

Benin
conventional long form: Republic of Benin
conventional short form: Benin
local long form: Republique du Benin
local short form: Benin
former: Dahomey

Bermuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bermuda
former: Somers Islands

Bhutan
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul

Bolivia
conventional long form: Plurinational State of Bolivia
conventional short form: Bolivia
local long form: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
local short form: Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: none
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana
local long form: Republic of Botswana
local short form: Botswana
former: Bechuanaland

Bouvet Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island

Brazil
conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil

British Indian Ocean Territory
conventional long form: British
Indian Ocean Territory
conventional short form: none
abbreviation: BIOT

British Virgin Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: British Virgin Islands
abbreviation: BVI

Brunei
conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei

Bulgaria
conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
local long form: Republika Balgariya
local short form: Balgariya

Burkina Faso
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Burkina Faso
local long form: none
local short form: Burkina Faso
former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

Burma
conventional long form: Union of Burma
conventional short form: Burma
local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the
US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of
Myanmar)
local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw
former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the
name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision
was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US
Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the
Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw

Burundi
conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi