Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (81)

The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption investigation in 2002 to probe high-level corruption during the previous administration. In 2006-07, this task force successfully prosecuted four cases, including a landmark civil case in the UK in which former President CHILUBA and numerous others were found liable for USD 41 million. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his Vice-president Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential election in October 2008.

Geography ::Zambia

Location:

Southern Africa, east of Angola

Geographic coordinates:

15 00 S, 30 00 E

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 752,618 sq km country comparison to the world: 39 land: 743,398 sq km

water: 9,220 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly larger than Texas

Land boundaries:

total: 5,664 km

border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)

Terrain:

mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m

highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

Natural resources:

copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower

Land use:

arable land: 6.99%

permanent crops: 0.04%

other: 92.97% (2005)

Irrigated land:

1,560 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:

105.2 cu km (2001)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 1.74 cu km/yr (17%/7%/76%)

per capita: 149 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:

periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April)

Environment - current issues:

air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe

People ::Zambia

Population:

11,862,740 country comparison to the world: 71 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 45.1% (male 2,685,142/female 2,659,771)

15-64 years: 52.6% (male 3,122,305/female 3,116,846)

65 years and over: 2.3% (male 114,477/female 164,199) (2009 est.)

Median age:

total: 17 years

male: 16.9 years

female: 17.2 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.631% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Birth rate:

40.24 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Death rate:

21.34 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Net migration rate:

-2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 146

Urbanization:

urban population: 35% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 101.2 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 9 male: 105.97 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 96.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 38.63 years country comparison to the world: 222 male: 38.53 years

female: 38.73 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.15 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

15.2% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

1.1 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

56,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:

noun: Zambian(s)

adjective: Zambian

Ethnic groups:

African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups), other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)

Religions:

Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%

Languages:

Bemba 30.1% (official), Nyanja 10.7% (official), Tonga 10.6% (official), Lozi 5.7% (official), Chewa 4.9%, Nsenga 3.4%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda 2.2% (official), Kaonde 2% (official), Lala 2%, Luvale 1.7% (official), English 1.7% (official), other 22.5% (2000 Census)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write English

total population: 80.6%

male: 86.8%

female: 74.8% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 7 years

male: 7 years

female: 7 years (2000)

Education expenditures:

2% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 167

Government ::Zambia

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Zambia

conventional short form: Zambia

former: Northern Rhodesia

Government type:

republic

Capital:

name: Lusaka

geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western

Independence:

24 October 1964 (from the UK)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 24 October (1964)

Constitution:

24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits

Legal system:

based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note - President BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual death of President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then elected president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 October 2008 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president; note - due to the death of former President Levy MWANAWASA, early elections were held to identify a replacement to serve out the remainder of his term

election results: Rupiah BANDA elected president; percent of vote - Rupiah BANDA 40.1%, Michael SATA 38.1%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 19.7%, Godfrey MIYANDA 0.8%, other 1.3%

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members are appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 28 September 2006 (next to be held in October 2011)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not determined 2

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)

Political parties and leaders:

Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [vacant]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA (a coalition of RP, ZADECO, PUDD, and ZRP); United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

NA

International organization participation:

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA

chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH

embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues, Lusaka

mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone: [260] (211) 250-955

FAX: [260] (211) 252-225

Flag description:

green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag

Economy ::Zambia

Economy - overview:

Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth in 2005-08 about 6% per year. Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of approximately USD 6 billion in debt relief. Zambia experienced a bumper harvest in 2007, which helped to boost GDP and agricultural exports and contain inflation. Although poverty continues to be significant problem in Zambia, its economy has strengthened, featuring single-digit inflation, a relatively stable currency, decreasing interest rates, and increasing levels of trade. The decline in world commodity prices and demand will hurt GDP growth in 2009, and elections and campaign promises are likely to weaken Zambia's improved fiscal stance.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$17.54 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 $16.55 billion (2007 est.)

$15.58 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$14.65 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 6.2% (2007 est.)

6.2% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$1,500 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200 $1,400 (2007 est.)

$1,400 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 16%

industry: 26.6%

services: 57.4% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

5.235 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 85%

industry: 6%

services: 9% (2004)

Unemployment rate:

50% (2000 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Population below poverty line:

86% (1993)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 38.8% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

50.8 (2004) country comparison to the world: 20 52.6 (1998)

Investment (gross fixed):

25.5% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Budget:

revenues: $3.291 billion

expenditures: $3.578 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

29.5% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 127.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 172 10.6% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

14.49% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 29 11.73% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

19.06% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 21 18.89% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$1.034 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 86 $995.8 million (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$1.618 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 87 $1.709 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$2.138 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 91 $1.968 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 96 $2.346 billion (31 December 2007)

$1.186 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides

Industries:

copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture

Industrial production growth rate:

6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - production:

9.752 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Electricity - consumption:

8.838 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Electricity - exports:

268 million kWh (2007)

Electricity - imports:

222 million kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

159.3 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 109

Oil - consumption:

16,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Oil - exports:

275.3 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Oil - imports:

14,730 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl country comparison to the world: 112

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 109

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 84

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 109

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Current account balance:

-$977 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 117 -$198 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$4.818 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 $4.594 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton

Exports - partners:

China 14.2%, South Africa 8.5%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, South Korea 7.9%, Egypt 7.7%, Italy 6.9%, Belgium 4.1% (2008)

Imports:

$4.694 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 119 $3.611 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing

Imports - partners:

South Africa 51.7%, UAE 8%, China 6.8%, India 4.5% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$1.096 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 125 $1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$3.095 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 124 $2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$40.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$NA

Exchange rates:

Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - 3,512.9 (2008 est.), 3,990.2 (2007), 3,601.5 (2006), 4,463.5 (2005), 4,778.9 (2004)

Communications ::Zambia

Telephones - main lines in use:

90,600 (2008) country comparison to the world: 146

Telephones - mobile cellular:

3.539 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 97

Telephone system:

general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:

9 (2001)

Internet country code:

.zm

Internet hosts:

14,951 (2009) country comparison to the world: 109

Internet users:

700,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 100

Transportation ::Zambia

Airports:

97 (2009) country comparison to the world: 64

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 9

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 88

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 65

under 914 m: 18 (2009)

Pipelines:

oil 771 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 2,157 km country comparison to the world: 70 narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge

note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2008)

Roadways:

total: 91,440 km country comparison to the world: 54 paved: 20,117 km

unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)

Waterways:

2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2008) country comparison to the world: 40

Ports and terminals:

Mpulungu

Military ::Zambia

Military branches:

Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambian Army, Zambian Air Force, National Service (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18-27 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); Zambian citizenship required; mandatory HIV testing on enlistment; no conscription (2009)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 2,678,668

females age 16-49: 2,567,433 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,364,173

females age 16-49: 1,245,220 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 149,567

female: 148,889 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.8% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Transnational Issues ::Zambia

Disputes - international:

in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: Zambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; many Zambian child laborers, particularly those in the agriculture, domestic service, and fishing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking; Zambian women, lured by false employment or marriage offers abroad, are trafficked to South Africa via Zimbabwe and to Europe via Malawi for sexual exploitation; Zambia is a transit point for regional trafficking of women and children, particularly from Angola to Namibia and from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa for agricultural labor

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking, particularly in regard to its inability to bring alleged traffickers to justice through prosecutions and convictions; unlike 2006, there were no new prosecutions or convictions of alleged traffickers in 2007; government efforts to protect victims of trafficking remained extremely limited throughout the year (2008)

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis

page last updated on November 11, 2009

======================================================================

@Zimbabwe (Africa)

Introduction ::Zimbabwe

Background:

The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began in 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority in the March 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished in the late 1980s. In April 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted in the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition. President MUGABE in June 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty for months. General elections held in March 2008 contained irregularities but still amounted to a censure of the ZANU-PF-led government with significant gains in opposition seats in parliament. MDC opposition leader Morgan TSVANGIRAI won the presidential polls, and may have won an out right majority, but official results posted by the Zimbabwe Electoral Committee did not reflect this. In the lead up to a run-off election in late June 2008, considerable violence enacted against opposition party members led to the withdrawal of TSVANGIRAI from the ballot. Extensive evidence of vote tampering and ballot-box stuffing resulted in international condemnation of the process. Difficult negotiations over a power sharing agreement, allowing MUGABE to remain as president and creating the new position of prime minister for TSVANGIRAI, were finally settled in February 2009.

Geography ::Zimbabwe

Location:

Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia

Geographic coordinates:

20 00 S, 30 00 E

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 390,757 sq km country comparison to the world: 60 land: 386,847 sq km

water: 3,910 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly larger than Montana

Land boundaries:

total: 3,066 km

border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

Terrain:

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m

highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m

Natural resources:

coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

Land use:

arable land: 8.24%

permanent crops: 0.33%

other: 91.43% (2005)

Irrigated land:

1,740 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:

20 cu km (1987)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 4.21 cu km/yr (14%/7%/79%)

per capita: 324 cu m/yr (2002)

Natural hazards:

recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

Environment - current issues:

deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water

People ::Zimbabwe

Population:

11,392,629 country comparison to the world: 73 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 43.9% (male 2,523,119/female 2,473,928)

15-64 years: 52.2% (male 2,666,928/female 3,283,474)

65 years and over: 3.9% (male 194,360/female 250,820) (2009 est.)

Median age:

total: 17.6 years

male: 16.3 years

female: 18.8 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.53% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Birth rate:

31.49 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Death rate:

16.19 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Net migration rate:

NA

note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2009 est.)

Urbanization:

urban population: 37% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 2.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 32.31 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 71 male: 34.9 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 29.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 45.77 years country comparison to the world: 213 male: 46.36 years

female: 45.16 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:

3.69 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

15.3% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

1.3 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

140,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease: malaria

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:

noun: Zimbabwean(s)

adjective: Zimbabwean

Ethnic groups:

African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%

Religions:

syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

Languages:

English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write English

total population: 90.7%

male: 94.2%

female: 87.2% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 9 years

male: 9 years

female: 9 years (2003)

Education expenditures:

4.6% of GDP (2000) country comparison to the world: 84

Government ::Zimbabwe

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe

conventional short form: Zimbabwe

former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia

Government type:

parliamentary democracy

Capital:

name: Harare

geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands

Independence:

18 April 1980 (from the UK)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

Constitution:

21 December 1979

Legal system:

mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004)

head of government: Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11 February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly

elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on 27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed by the president

election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other 5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%, Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%; first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 held by the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - all elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections: last held 28 March 2008 (next to be held in 2013)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.6%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.6%; seats by party - MDC 30, ZANU-PF 30; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.3%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.9%; seats by party - MDC 109, ZANU-PF 97, other 4

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court; High Court

Political parties and leaders:

African National Party or ANP [Egypt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Movement for Democratic Change - Mutambara or MDC-M [splinter faction under Arthur MUTAMBARA]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition [Xolani ZITHA]; National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE]

International organization participation:

ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Machivenyika MAPURANGA

chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100

FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador James D. MCGEE

embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare

mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare

telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 through 250-594

FAX: [263] (4) 796-488, or 722-618

Flag description:

seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people

Economy ::Zimbabwe

Economy - overview:

The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, past 1,000% in 2006, and 26,000% in November 2007, and to 11.2 million percent in 2008. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar in September 2007.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$1.925 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 $2.241 billion (2007 est.)

$2.371 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$10.58 billion

note: hyperinflation and the plunging value of the Zimbabwean dollar makes Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

-14.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 217 -5.6% (2007 est.)

-4.6% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$200 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 229 $200 (2007 est.)

$200 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 18.1%

industry: 22.6%

services: 59.3% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

4.039 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 66%

industry: 10%

services: 24% (1996)

Unemployment rate:

80% (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Population below poverty line:

68% (2004)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 40.4% (1995)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

50.1 (2006) country comparison to the world: 24 50.1 (1995)

Investment (gross fixed):

17.7% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Budget:

revenues: $941,600

expenditures: $1.092 million (2008 est.)

Public debt:

265.6% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 1 52.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

14.93 billion% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 222 12,563% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

NA% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 1 975% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

NA% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 1 578.96% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$NA (31 December 2008)

$14.18 billion (31 December 2007)

note: this number reflects the vastly overvalued official exchange rate of 30,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar; at an unofficial rate of 800,000 Zimbabwe dollars per US dollar, the stock of Zimbabwe dollars would equal only about US$500 million and Zimbabwe's velocity of money (the number of times money turns over in the course of a year) would be nine, in line with the velocity of money for other countries in the region

Stock of quasi money:

$NA (31 December 2008)

$5.349 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$NA (31 December 2008)

$24.91 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 87 $5.333 billion (31 December 2007)

$26.56 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs

Industries:

mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

Industrial production growth rate:

-14.7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Electricity - production:

8.89 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - consumption:

10.89 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Electricity - exports:

32 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

2.691 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Oil - consumption:

13,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Oil - imports:

13,830 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 83

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

Current account balance:

-$584.6 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 -$494.8 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$1.396 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 $1.467 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing

Exports - partners:

South Africa 32.1%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.7%, Botswana 8.7%, China 5.6%, Zambia 4.8%, Japan 4.5%, Italy 4.4%, US 4.3% (2008)

Imports:

$1.915 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $1.975 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels

Imports - partners:

South Africa 60.1%, China 4.2%, Botswana 3.7% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$96 million (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 148 $117 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$5.669 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 $5.155 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$NA

Exchange rates:

Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - NA (2008 est.), 30,000 (2007), 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004)

note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly

Communications ::Zimbabwe

Telephones - main lines in use:

354,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 109

Telephones - mobile cellular:

1.655 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 130

Telephone system:

general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines

domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones

international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:

16 (1997)

Internet country code:

.zw

Internet hosts:

29,094 (2009) country comparison to the world: 91

Internet users:

1.421 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 78

Transportation ::Zimbabwe

Airports:

215 (2009) country comparison to the world: 28

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 19

over 3,047 m: 3

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 5

914 to 1,523 m: 9 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 196

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 119

under 914 m: 74 (2009)

Pipelines:

refined products 270 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 3,077 km country comparison to the world: 55 narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways:

total: 97,267 km country comparison to the world: 45 paved: 18,481 km

unpaved: 78,786 km (2002)

Waterways:

on Lake Kariba (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Binga, Kariba

Military ::Zimbabwe

Military branches:

Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18-24 years of age for compulsory military service; women are eligible to serve (2007)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 3,264,258

females age 16-49: 3,048,049 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,198,727

females age 16-49: 1,436,232 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 149,592

female: 149,717 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

3.8% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 35

Transnational Issues ::Zimbabwe

Disputes - international:

Botswana built electric fences and South Africa has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 2,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

IDPs: 569,685 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2007)

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased; rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work, often laboring for months in South Africa without pay before "employers" have them arrested and deported as illegal immigrants; young women and girls are lured abroad with false employment offers that result in involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation; men, women, and children from neighboring states are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zimbabwe is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, and because the absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is significantly increasing; the trafficking situation in the country is worsening as more of the population is made vulnerable by declining socio-economic conditions (2008)

Illicit drugs:

transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa

page last updated on November 11, 2009

======================================================================

@2001

Field Listing :: GDP (purchasing power parity)

This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all
final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A
nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the
sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued
at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most
economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when
comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries.
The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be
assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of
whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the
United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US
military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries
are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and
services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in
the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the
resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For
many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of
the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The differences between
the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the wealthy
industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

GDP (purchasing power parity)

Afghanistan
$22.32 billion (2008 est.)
$21.58 billion (2007 est.)
$19.25 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Albania
$21.86 billion (2008 est.)
$20.61 billion (2007 est.)
$19.44 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
Albania has an informal, and unreported, sector that may be as large
as 50% of official GDP

Algeria
$233.5 billion (2008 est.)
$225.6 billion (2007 est.)
$218.8 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

American Samoa
$575.3 million (2007 est.)
$510.1 million (2003 est.)

Andorra
$3.66 billion (2007)
$3.588 billion (2006)
$2.77 billion (2005)

Angola
$112.8 billion (2008 est.)
$100.5 billion (2007 est.)
$82.94 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Anguilla
$108.9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
$1.639 billion (2008 est.)
$1.594 billion (2007 est.)
$1.491 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Argentina
$575.2 billion (2008 est.)
$538.6 billion (2007 est.)
$495.5 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Armenia
$18.81 billion (2008 est.)
$17.62 billion (2007 est.)
$15.48 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Aruba
$2.258 billion (2005 est.)
$2.205 billion (2004 est.)

Australia
$802.9 billion (2008 est.)
$784.1 billion (2007 est.)
$753.9 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Austria
$331.2 billion (2008 est.)
$324.7 billion (2007 est.)
$313.7 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Azerbaijan
$77.79 billion (2008 est.)
$70.21 billion (2007 est.)
$56.17 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bahamas, The
$9.352 billion (2008 est.)
$9.495 billion (2007 est.)
$9.236 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bahrain
$26.89 billion (2008 est.)
$25.29 billion (2007 est.)
$23.34 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bangladesh
$226.4 billion (2008 est.)
$214 billion (2007 est.)
$201.5 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Barbados
$5.367 billion (2008 est.)
$5.329 billion (2007 est.)
$5.159 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Belarus
$114.3 billion (2008 est.)
$103.9 billion (2007 est.)
$96.06 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Belgium
$390.2 billion (2008 est.)
$386.3 billion (2007 est.)
$376.5 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Belize
$2.542 billion (2008 est.)
$2.468 billion (2007 est.)
$2.43 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Benin
$12.86 billion (2008 est.)
$12.28 billion (2007 est.)
$11.75 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bermuda
$4.5 billion (2004 est.)

Bhutan
$3.533 billion (2008 est.)
$2.91 billion (2007 est.)
$2.738 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bolivia
$43.38 billion (2008 est.)
$40.88 billion (2007 est.)
$39.08 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$29.77 billion (2008 est.)
$28.22 billion (2007 est.)
$26.62 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
Bosnia has a large informal sector that may be as much as 50% of
official GDP

Botswana
$27.11 billion (2008 est.)
$26.35 billion (2007 est.)
$25.23 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Brazil
$1.998 trillion (2008 est.)
$1.901 trillion (2007 est.)
$1.798 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

British Virgin Islands
$853.4 million (2004 est.)

Brunei
$19.58 billion (2008 est.)
$19.96 billion (2007 est.)
$19.92 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Bulgaria
$93.98 billion (2008 est.)
$88.66 billion (2007 est.)
$83.48 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Burkina Faso
$17.96 billion (2008 est.)
$17.11 billion (2007 est.)
$16.5 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Burma
$55.27 billion (2008 est.)
$54.66 billion (2007 est.)
$52.87 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Burundi
$3.109 billion (2008 est.)
$2.976 billion (2007 est.)
$2.872 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cambodia
$28.01 billion (2008 est.)
$26.67 billion (2007 est.)
$24.2 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cameroon
$42.69 billion (2008 est.)
$41.33 billion (2007 est.)
$39.93 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Canada
$1.303 trillion (2008 est.)
$1.298 trillion (2007 est.)
$1.266 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cape Verde
$1.63 billion (2008 est.)
$1.545 billion (2007 est.)
$1.446 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cayman Islands
$1.939 billion (2004 est.)
$1.922 billion (2003 est.)

Central African Republic
$3.184 billion (2008 est.)
$3.115 billion (2007 est.)
$3.004 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Chad
$15.82 billion (2008 est.)
$15.85 billion (2007 est.)
$15.82 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Chile
$245.1 billion (2008 est.)
$237.5 billion (2007 est.)
$226.8 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

China
$7.992 trillion (2008 est.)
$7.332 trillion (2007 est.)
$6.489 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Christmas Island
$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA

Colombia
$396 billion (2008 est.)
$386.7 billion (2007 est.)
$359.7 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Comoros
$741.7 million (2008 est.)
$738 million (2007 est.)
$745.5 million (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$20.76 billion (2008 est.)
$19.61 billion (2007 est.)
$18.32 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Congo, Republic of the
$15.39 billion (2008 est.)
$14.46 billion (2007 est.)
$14.7 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cook Islands
$183.2 million (2005 est.)

Costa Rica
$48.84 billion (2008 est.)
$47.6 billion (2007 est.)
$44.16 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cote d'Ivoire
$34.12 billion (2008 est.)
$33.36 billion (2007 est.)
$32.79 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Croatia
$82.58 billion (2008 est.)
$80.65 billion (2007 est.)
$76.44 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cuba
$108.4 billion (2008 est.)
$103.9 billion (2007 est.)
$96.9 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Cyprus
$22.76 billion (2008 est.)
$21.94 billion (2007 est.)
$21.02 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Czech Republic
$264.8 billion (2008 est.)
$258.1 billion (2007 est.)
$243.2 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Denmark
$204.1 billion (2008 est.)
$206.6 billion (2007 est.)
$203.3 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Djibouti
$1.891 billion (2008 est.)
$1.786 billion (2007 est.)
$1.696 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Dominica
$726.3 million (2008 est.)
$703.8 million (2007 est.)
$691.4 million (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Dominican Republic
$78.19 billion (2008 est.)
$74.25 billion (2007 est.)
$68.43 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Ecuador
$108 billion (2008 est.)
$101.4 billion (2007 est.)
$98.93 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Egypt
$444.8 billion (2008 est.)
$414.9 billion (2007 est.)
$387.4 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

El Salvador
$43.73 billion (2008 est.)
$42.66 billion (2007 est.)
$40.75 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Equatorial Guinea
$23 billion (2008 est.)
$20.8 billion (2007 est.)
$16.98 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Eritrea
$3.954 billion (2008 est.)
$3.876 billion (2007 est.)
$3.838 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Estonia
$28.03 billion (2008 est.)
$29.08 billion (2007 est.)
$27.13 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Ethiopia
$70.23 billion (2008 est.)
$62.93 billion (2007 est.)
$56.64 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

European Union
$14.94 trillion (2008 est.)
$14.82 trillion (2007 est.)
$14.39 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$105.1 million (2002 est.)

Faroe Islands
$1 billion (2001 est.)

Fiji
$3.587 billion (2008 est.)
$3.58 billion (2007 est.)
$3.833 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Finland
$194 billion (2008 est.)
$192.4 billion (2007 est.)
$184.8 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

France
$2.133 trillion (2008 est.)
$2.126 trillion (2007 est.)
$2.078 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

French Polynesia
$4.718 billion (2004 est.)
$4.58 billion (2003 est.)

Gabon
$21.16 billion (2008 est.)
$20.74 billion (2007 est.)
$19.64 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Gambia, The
$2.277 billion (2008 est.)
$2.15 billion (2007 est.)
$2.023 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Gaza Strip
$11.95 billion (2008 est.)
$5.034 billion (2006 est.)
$5.327 billion (2005 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Georgia
$21.56 billion (2008 est.)
$21.12 billion (2007 est.)
$18.81 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Germany
$2.925 trillion (2008 est.)
$2.887 trillion (2007 est.)
$2.817 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Ghana
$34.52 billion (2008 est.)
$32.17 billion (2007 est.)
$30.27 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Gibraltar
$1.066 billion (2005 est.)
$769 million (2000 est.)

Greece
$343.8 billion (2008 est.)
$334.1 billion (2007 est.)
$321.3 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Greenland
$1.1 billion (2001 est.)

Grenada
$1.19 billion (2008 est.)
$1.165 billion (2007 est.)
$1.11 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Guam
$2.5 billion (2005 est.)

Guatemala
$68.75 billion (2008 est.)
$66.1 billion (2007 est.)
$62.18 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Guernsey
$2.742 billion (2005)

Guinea
$10.62 billion (2008 est.)
$10.17 billion (2007 est.)
$10.02 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Guinea-Bissau
$896.5 million (2008 est.)
$867.9 million (2007 est.)
$845.1 million (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Guyana
$2.973 billion (2008 est.)
$2.887 billion (2007 est.)
$2.739 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Haiti
$11.53 billion (2008 est.)
$11.38 billion (2007 est.)
$11 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Holy See (Vatican City)
$NA

Honduras
$33.8 billion (2008 est.)
$32.5 billion (2007 est.)
$30.57 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Hong Kong
$307.3 billion (2008 est.)
$300.1 billion (2007 est.)
$282.1 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Hungary
$196.7 billion (2008 est.)
$195.5 billion (2007 est.)
$193.2 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Iceland
$12.87 billion (2008 est.)
$12.7 billion (2007 est.)
$12.03 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

India
$3.304 trillion (2008 est.)
$3.077 trillion (2007 est.)
$2.823 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Indonesia
$916.7 billion (2008 est.)
$864 billion (2007 est.)
$812.8 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Iran
$843.7 billion (2008 est.)
$792.2 billion (2007 est.)
$734.7 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Iraq
$90.23 billion (2008 est.)
$83.7 billion (2007 est.)
$82.46 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Ireland
$189 billion (2008 est.)
$194.9 billion (2007 est.)
$183.9 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Isle of Man
$2.719 billion (2005 est.)

Israel
$203.4 billion (2008 est.)
$195.2 billion (2007 est.)
$185.6 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Italy
$1.827 trillion (2008 est.)
$1.845 trillion (2007 est.)
$1.818 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Jamaica
$24.04 billion (2008 est.)
$24.19 billion (2007 est.)
$23.85 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars