The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Chapter VII (5)

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Agiba |Nadgweir |R. Gnatila and |Visited for first time in
| |Agwei (Upper |September, 1904.
| |Pibor). |
| | |
Aliab |Anok |Left bank of |Said to be a distinct
| |Bahr El Jebel |tribe, neither Baris nor
| |from a little |Dinkas, but with
| |north of 5° 30′|characteristics of both.
| |to a little |Rich in cattle and grain.
| |north of Bor. |Visited for first time in
| | |April, 1904.
| | |
Anuak[255] |Aiwil Agwot |Fatiwangyang; |A poor feeble tribe much
(Sobat) | |right bank of |down-trodden by the
| |Sobat |Nuers. Most of the Anuaks
| | |are under Abyssinia. The
„ (Pibor) |Okani or |Shian Okan |Sudan Anuaks appear to
|Okwai | |have lost their
| | |individuality and to have
| | |become more or less
| | |absorbed by the Nuers.
| | |
„ (Baro) |Geilo[255] |Itang |These Anuaks are friendly
| | |and industrious.
| | |
Bari |Lowala (right|Both banks of |Friendly but poor.
|bank), Leggi |Bahr El Jebel |Government not yet much
|(right bank).|from north |in touch with any except
| |latitude 6°, to|those near Mongalla.
|Lado (right |Gondokoro and |Cultivate a good deal of
|bank), Lado |south. |dura.
|Kanga (right | |
|bank). | |
| | |
|Mudi (left | |
|bank). | |
| | |
Beri or Beir |Lom |About 60 miles |Government has not yet
(north) | |inland from Bor|visited this branch of
| |(?) |the tribe (1904). Dinkas
| | |of Bor much afraid of
| | |Lom.
| | |
„ (south) |Alikori |J. Lafol, 47 |Friendly to Government.
| |miles east- |Visited by Captain W. N.
| |south-east from|Borton, May, 1904.
| |Mongalla. |
| | |
Dinka (White | | |The Dinkas are cattle-
Nile) | | |owners principally, but
| | |cultivate as a rule
„ Bowom |Yol Wad Kur |Right bank of |little more than is
| |White Nile at |sufficient for their own
| |and near Renk. |needs. They have no head
| | |Sheikh, but each section
„ Akon |Bakhit Niok |Right bank of |is independent. Their
| |White Nile from|characteristics and
| |1 mile to 10 |language vary
| |miles south of |considerably, according
| |Renk. |to the locality they
| | |inhabit. The only
„ Giel |Salem Banga |Right bank of |sections with which the
| |White Nile from|Government is now (1904)
| |Elwat to Meshra|really in touch are those
| |Zeraf-Awitong. |living on the White Nile.
| | |A census of these
„ Ageir |Akol Wad Shol|Right bank of |sections was made in
| |White Nile from|February, 1903, and their
| |Meshra Zeraf to|number was then estimated
| |Khor Adar. |at 7,300 men, women, and
| | |children, possessing
„ Beia |Anyan Wad Yor|Right bank of |8,000 cattle, 16,000
|Din |White Nile up |sheep, and 13,000 goats,
| |Khor Adar. |on which their taxes are
| | |assessed at about £800.
„ Niel |Wol Wad Lual |Right bank of |
| |White Nile up |
| |Khor Adar and |
| |near Kodok. |
| | |
„ Dunjol |Aiyung Wad |Right bank of |The Dinkas of the Sobat
(Sobat) |Agwot |White Nile |and Bahr El Jebel are now
| |opposite Kodok.|(1904) being taken in
| | |hand, and the
| | |headquarters of the
| | |Inspector for this
| | |district is at Abwong.
| | |
„ Gnok Deng|Maiang |Gokjak to Wang |}
| |Nait. Right and|}
| |left banks. |} Pay £E450 taxes, 1904.
| | |} These two sections own
„ Rueng |Kur Mantoj |From Khor Filus|} about 7,000 cattle and
| |across to J. |} 7,500 sheep.
| |Zeraf and |}
| |behind K. Atar.|}
| | |
„ Left bank|Bilkwai |Left bank of |During Mahdia lived near
White Nile, | |White Nile near|Jebel Iliri.
near Lake No | |Lake No. |
| | |
„ (Bahr El |Twi or Twich |Right bank of |The chief with whom Mr.
Zeraf) | |Bahr El Zeraf |Grogan had some
| |nearly opposite|difficulty. Appear to be
| |to Shambe. |not unfriendly to
| | |Government, but are not
| | |on good terms with the
| | |Dinkas at Bor.
| | |
„ (Bahr El |Byor and Kur |Bor and |Much afraid of Sheikh Lom
Jebel) | |neighbourhood |of the Beri tribe. Very
| | |friendly to Government.
| | |
Nuer |Kwandai |At Torkoyt on |Said to be friendly to
| |the right bank |Government. Frequently
| |of Sobat |visits Nasser Post.
| |opposite |Reported to have left
| |Nasser. Fishing|Torgoyt opposite Nasser,
| |quarters on |May, 1904, and to have
| |Pibor in |moved into the Anuak
| |January and |country further west.
| |February. |
| | |
|Gang |Tawfot, east of|Said to be unfriendly to
| |Nasser, right |Government (1904). Nyal,
| |bank of Sobat, |Sheikh of Ajungmir on
| |and fishing |Baro, who is under Gang
| |quarters on |appears, however, quite
| |River Mokwai |friendly.
| |and Pibor in |
| |January and |
| |February. |
| | |
|Jok |Koratong, |Friendly to Government.
| |fishing |Jok is a son of the late
| |quarters lower |Sheikh Yohe.
| |down on Pibor |
| |at Bil, etc. |
| | |
|Denkur |Keik-Khor Filus|Sheikh of Lau section.
| | |Powerful and said to be
| | |still opposed to the
| | |Government. Other Nuer
| | |chiefs on K. Filus are
| | |Kwoin Gol (Nerol), Lemtut
| | |Thiang (Wunleng), and
| | |Adol, the two former are
| | |said to be in favour of
| | |the Government, whilst
| | |the latter adheres to
| | |Denkur.
| | |
|Fadur |Between Bahr El|Sheikh of Lak district.
| |Zeraf and Bahr |Believed to be friendly.
| |El Jebel. |
| | |
|Toi Wad Thief|Kuek, right |Friendly to Government;
| |bank of Bahr El|visited Khartoum January,
| |Zeraf |1904. Sheikh of Thiang
| | |district.
| | |
|Diu |Faki, right |Said to be powerful and
| |bank of Bahr El|unfriendly to Government.
| |Zeraf, near |
| |Ajiung. |
| | |
| | |The Nuers are very large
| | |cattle owners. Government
| | |is at present little in
| | |touch with them as they
| | |appear unable to
| | |eradicate from their
| | |minds the memories of the
| | |slave raids in the time
| | |of the old Government.
| | |They are expert hunters
| | |of elephants with spears,
| | |and great fishermen. They
| | |appear to be more
| | |powerful than the other
| | |tribes adjoining them,
| | |but seem to have little
| | |combination. The Nuer
| | |tribal mark consists of
| | |six horizontal lines
| | |across the forehead.
| | |
|Nyal |Island formed |Sheikh of Gaweir section.
| |by Bahr El |Visited Khartoum May,
| |Jebel and Bahr |1904.
| |El Zeraf. |
| | |
Shilluk |Fadiet Wad |Mostly on left |The Shilluks are governed
|Kwad Keir |bank of White |by a Mek or king elected
| |Nile from Kaka |according to tribal
| |to Lake No. A |custom, subject to the
| |few live |approval of the Governor
| |further north, |General. The Mek has
| |and there is a |judicial powers based on
| |section living |tribal customs, but all
| |on both sides |decisions are subject to
| |of the Sobat |the right of appeal to
| |near its mouth,|the Governor at Kodok.
| |also on Khor |Their number was
| |Atar. |estimated (1903) at
| | |10,300 males, and 29,000
| | |women and children. In
| | |1903 their cattle was
| | |estimated at 12,200 and
| | |their sheep and goats at
| | |63,000. They also do a
| | |good deal of cultivation,
| | |and in years of good
| | |harvest their grain is an
| | |important factor in the
| | |food supply of Omdurman
| | |and Khartoum.
| | |
Arabs, Gowama|Abu El Gasim |Fama |Small branch of Gowama
| | |from Taiara.
| | |
„ Hawazma |Abdel Wahab |Fama and J. |Branch of the Kordofan
| |Iliri |Hawazma.
| | |
„ Kenana |Faki Hamed |Atara, north- |Few and poor. Wear their
| |west of Kodok |hair brushed back in long
| | |curls or plaits.
| | |
„ Selim |El Hag |Left bank of |Baggara Arabs, who,
|Suleiman |White Nile from|however, own few cattle,
| |Jebelein to |but many sheep and goats.
| |near Kaka. |Do little cultivating.
| | |Tribute, £200.
| |Right bank from|
| |Jebelein to |
| |near Renk. |
-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------------------

LIST OF TRIBES IN DARFUR ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR FORMER
PROVINCES.[256]

---------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------
Name of Tribe.| Head Sheikh. | Residence. | Remarks.
---------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------
I. Fasher Province.

GENEALOGICAL TREE SHOWING THE DESCENT OF THE PRINCIPAL BAGGARA
TRIBES.

(According to Kubr Abdel Rahman, Sheikh of the Guberat Section
(late Khalifa’s) of the Taaisha.)

* * * * *

SHAKER (descended from Beni Abbas tribe).
|
(2)------+------(1)

(1)----------------------------------+
|
Hamed El Afzar (the hollow backed).
|
+---------------+-------------+-------+-----------------+
| | | |
Hamid Hamar Zeiad Maalla
(Dar Hamid (Hamar (Zeiadia, (Maalia,
in in Darfur). Darfur).
Kordofan). Kordofan).
\_________________________________________________________________/
“Abala,” or camel-owning tribes. Not Baggara.

+----------------------------------------(2)
|
Ahmed El Ajdum (the leper).
|
Shaker
|
+-------------------+-----------------+
| | |
Salama (stepson) Jeneid. Helba (slave)
(Salamat in Borgu). | (Beni Helba, Darfur).
|
+-------------+--------------------------+-------------(3)
| |
Rashid. Heimad.
| |
+-------+-+-----+-------+ +---------+------+--+----------+
| | | | | | | |
Zebada Ziut. Hamda. Azid. Hasaballa. Habbana Firan Hameid
(Zebadia | (Habbania (Feierin (Aulad
in Amr. at Kalaka with Hameid,
Darfur). | in Darfur). Homr J. Gedir),
\___________________________/ Ahmed and in brother
(Aulad Rashid, living mostly (nicknamed Borgu). of Nazir,
in Borgu.) “Taaish” killed
by his with
nurse Khalifa.
(Taaisha,
west of
Kalaka,
Darfur).

(3)----------------------------------+
|
Atia
|
+--------------+---------------+------------+---------------+
| | | | |
Rizeig Messir Hawazma Talab Reiyan
(Rizeigat (Messeria, (south of (Taelba). (Rowaina).
at Shakka), south-west El Obeid). \_______________________/
in Darfur. El Obeid). Unimportant tribes
in Darfur.

The Selim are true Arabs and Baggara; they are said to be descended from the Beni Abbas tribe. The Gimma, Gowama, and Bederia are not true Arabs, and are said to be descended from Nubas and others. The Kenana Khazama, Geheina (Kawahla, Shenabla, etc.) are descended from the Koreish tribe, and are chiefly Abâla, or camel owners. It is stated that many of the Baggara, who moved westwards into Borgu after the fall of Omdurman, are now moving eastwards into Southern Darfur.

N.B.—Tribes shown in the above table as nearly allied are found residing in adjoining districts at the present day.

[Footnote 245: In addition to these tribes, there is a considerable sedentary population residing along the river banks.]

[Footnote 246: In addition to the tribes mentioned below, there is a large sedentary mixed population in the Gezira, composed of representatives of most tribes in the Sudan.]

[Footnote 247: These tribes belong to the White Nile Province (1905).]

[Footnote 248: In addition to the above tribes there is a large sedentary population composed of representatives of almost every tribe in the Sudan.]

[Footnote 249: Sheikh Ibrahim Musa was appointed Nazir of the whole of the Hadendoa in Kassala and Suakin in October, 1904.]

[Footnote 250: Belong to White Nile Province (1905).]

[Footnote 251: In addition to the above tribes there is a large mixed sedentary population comprising amongst others Arabs of many of the Baggara tribes of Western Kordofan and Darfur.]

[Footnote 252: As the majority of these tribes wander far and wide in search of pasture, which varies in accordance with the rains, it is impossible to give their localities accurately.]

[Footnote 253: Ibrahim Musa is Nazir of the whole tribe, including the Hadendoa in Kassala Province as well as in Suakin Province. He is paid by Government, and has certain responsibilities as regards the collection of tribute, etc.]

[Footnote 254: With the exception of the Arab tribes the inhabitants of the Upper Nile Province are pagans. The Dinkas, Shilluks, etc., who return to their country from north having been converted to Islam, seem to exercise no religious influence over their heathen brethren.]

[Footnote 255: The head Sheikh of the Abyssinian Anuaks or Yambos is Odial; he is called by the Abyssinians Abajali. The Sheikh of Anuaks at Finkio is Ojilo.]

[Footnote 256: From information by Sir R. Von Slatin Pasha and natives of Darfur.]

=APPENDIX G.=

* * * * *

BOUNDARIES OF PROVINCES (DEFINED).

BAHR EL GHAZAL.

[Sidenote: North.]

The southern frontier of Kordofan and thence westwards up the Bahr El Arab to the French frontier.

[Sidenote: East.]

The western boundary of the Upper Nile Province between Lake No and N. lat. 5° 30′.

[Sidenote: South.]

The frontier of the Lado Enclave and thence westwards along the Congo-Nile watershed.

[Sidenote: West.]

The Congo-Nile watershed and the French frontier.

BERBER.

[Sidenote: North.]

The northern boundary of the Sudan from about E. long. 33° to the Red Sea.

[Sidenote: East.]

From the point where the northern boundary touches the sea the line runs in a southerly direction to Kokreb, leaving the Hamedorab, Shantirab, and other Bisharin tribes to Berber and the Amarar to Suakin.

From Kokreb, on the Suakin-Berber road, nearly due south to Tendera well (Kassala), leaving Talgwarab and Mib to Suakin, thence to J. Ayob and Mitateb on the right bank of the Atbara.

[Sidenote: South.]

From Meshra Kelitawi on the left bank of the Atbara the line runs south-west to J. El Beida, thence north of El Farukh, through El Ashanik, south of Um Masarin (Asherin (?)), north of El Abala, and the wells of Shag El Walia, across Wadi El Basai, north of El Geleita to Wadi Faragalla, dividing the cultivation of the Morghamab and Bisharin from that of the Shukria. From Wadi Faragalla, dividing the cultivation of the Morghamab (Berber) and Batahin (Blue Nile Province) in the Wadi Shahaheit, to Hafir Wad Um Berwa in the Wadi Sideira. Thence to Hafir El Babunotat and Isna Bir. Thence according to the well-known boundaries of the Jaalin (Berber) and Batahin (Blue Nile Province) to Hafir Giriaa (Magarin). Thence the boundary skirts the land of the Jaalin (Nafaab) in the W. Adeik, and runs northwards round the cultivation of the Batahin in the Wadi Hawad, thence to Hafir Giriaa of Debbaghat and south of Id Gerasa. From here the line divides the cultivation of the Ababda (Berber) from the Batahin (Blue Nile Province), the boundary passing through the following hafirs and hills to Hagar El Asal on the Nile, viz.: Dunieib, Kadabona, Shueir, Salmaniat, Um Serya, El Surat, Geiliat, Wad Kambelawi, J. Ganatir; it crosses the S.G.R. at mile post 515.

From Hagar El Asal the line crosses the Nile to Meshra Lemeki, thence to J. Rueis to the eastern boundary of Dongola, the Hassania belonging to Berber and the Hawawir to Dongola.

[Sidenote: West.]

On the west the boundary is formed by the eastern boundaries of Halfa and Dongola Provinces, the whole of the Bisharin of the Atbai belonging to Berber.

DONGOLA.

[Sidenote: North.]

The northern boundary is the southern boundary of Halfa Province as far as its junction with the Berber boundary at a point due north of Berti.

[Sidenote: East.]

The eastern boundary runs due south to Berti on the Nile, thence southwards to Sani well (Dongola) and Jakdul (Berber), thence south-east to Gambar well, leaving the Sauarab and Hawawir to Dongola, the Monasir, and the Hassania to Berber, and the Geriat tribe and Gabra wells to Khartoum.

[Sidenote: South.]

From Gambar to Hobagi and thence due west to the eastern frontier of Dongola.

[Sidenote: West.]

The western boundary includes the Arbain road from Lagia wells (Halfa) to the northern frontier of Darfur.

GEZIRA[257] (BLUE NILE).

[Sidenote: North.]

The northern boundary is the southern boundary of the Berber Province from Hafirs Kambelawi and Wad Edeid El Sid to Wadi Faragalla.

[Sidenote: East.]

From Wadi Faragalla to Ein El Lueiga on the Rahad the boundary is the same as that detailed as the western boundary of Kassala. From Ein El Lueiga down the thalweg of the Rahad to Abu Haraz, thence down the thalweg of the Blue Nile to a point 2 miles south of Fadasi Amarab on the left bank.

[Sidenote: South.]

From this spot in a westerly direction, including Talha, Fares, Wad Kerar, Telub, Um Dueina, Zahara, to Kremet El Mogharba; then in southerly direction west of the villages Wad Haleo and Abu Dign; then south-east, between Barh El Din and Gebelia; then south, leaving Teleih on the west and Um Hamra and El Homr on the east; then south-south-west to J. Atshan.

[Sidenote: West.]

The eastern boundary of Khartoum Province from Hafir Kambelawi to Soba, thence to a point half-way to Meshra Abadam on the White Nile. Thence the boundary runs to J. Atshan as detailed in eastern boundary of White Nile Province.

HALFA.

[Sidenote: North.]

Faras is the northern boundary on the Nile; on the left bank the boundary includes the oasis of Sheb, Nakhia, etc., and on the right bank runs due east along the 22nd parallel until it meets the 33rd meridian.

[Sidenote: East.]

From the eastern extremity of the northern boundary the line runs due south to Murrat wells leaving the desert tribes to Berber, thence in a south-west direction across the railway, a few miles north of No. 6 Station, to Abu Fatma on the right bank of the Nile.

[Sidenote: South.]

From Abu Fatma the southern boundary runs westwards to Lagia which belongs to Halfa.

[Sidenote: West.]

The western boundary includes the oasis of Lagia, Selima, and Sheb on the Arbain road.

KASSALA.

[Sidenote: North.]

The southern boundary of Suakin Province.

[Sidenote: East.]

The Sudan-Eritrea frontier from the junction of K. Ambakta and K. Baraka to R. Setit opposite the junction of Khor Royan; thence the Sudan-Abyssinia frontier to J. Madbara (south of Gallabat).

[Sidenote: South.]

From J. Madbara along the Abyssinian frontier to the R. Rahad, thence down the thalweg of that river to Ein El Lueiga.

[Sidenote: West.]

The eastern boundary of Berber Province from Tendera (Kassala) to Mitateb (Kassala) and thence _viâ_ J. Kelitawi to Wadi Faragalla. From this point southwards to J. Daein, leaving Geili (Blue Nile Province) to the west, and thence to Hafir Sueih, J. Nasub, J. Arafi, J. Geriya to Ein El Lueiga (Kassala) on the Rahad.

KHARTOUM.

[Sidenote: North.]

The southern boundary of Berber from the Wadi Mogaddam (W. El Melh)[258] _viâ_ J. Rueis to Hagar El Asal.

[Sidenote: East.]

From Hagar El Asal the boundary runs to mile post 515 on the railway, thence through J. Ganatir to the Hafirs of Kambelawi and Wad Edeid El Sid, 35 miles east of the Nile, thence south to Jebel Dura, and thence to Soba on the Blue Nile, thence straight across the Gezira to Meshra Abadam on the White Nile.

[Sidenote: South.]

Meshra Abadam to J. Medaha to Fatasha well (Khartoum).

[Sidenote: West.]

From junction of W. El Melh with W. Mogaddam; leaving the whole of the Geriat tribe and Gabra wells to Khartoum, the boundary runs south to J. El Sufar, thence to Fatasha.

KORDOFAN.

[Sidenote: North.]

The southern frontier of Dongola.

[Sidenote: East.]

The western frontier of Khartoum, White Nile, and Upper Nile Provinces. The Selim Baggara, who live on left bank near Jebelein and further south, belong to the Upper Nile Province. From the south of Dar El Ahamda (White Nile Province) the boundary includes the Aulad Hemeid tribe and runs to Fungor (Kordofan), thence to Lake No.

[Sidenote: South.]

From Lake No up the Thalweg of the Bahr El Ghazal and roughly westwards along the 9° parallel. Sultan Rob and Dar Jange belonging to Kordofan.

[Sidenote: West.]

The western boundary is the eastern frontier of Darfur, which leaves Um Badr and Foga to Kordofan and Kaja Serrug to Darfur, thence in a south-westerly direction to Dam Jamad, thence southwards, leaving Zernak, Um Bahr, Tom Wad Zarag, Gad El Habub and Sherafa to Kordofan. Thence southwards to the Bahr El Arab, leaving the Maalia and Rizeigat to Darfur, and the Homr and Dar Jange to Kordofan.

SENNAR.[259]

[Sidenote: North.]

The boundary of the Gezira (Blue Nile) Province from Ein El Lueiga to a point on the left bank of the Blue Nile two miles south of Fadasi Amarab.

[Sidenote: East.]

The thalweg of the Rahad from Ein El Lueiga to the Abyssinian frontier, thence the Abyssinian frontier to the K. Yabus south of Kirin.

[Sidenote: South.]

Not settled, but roughly the parallel 10° N. Lat.

[Sidenote: West.]

The southern boundary of the Gezira (Blue Nile) Province, from Fadasi Amarab to J. Atshan, and thence southwards, leaving the Segadi-Moya-Gule road to Sennar, to Jebel Gerauid, and thence to about the intersection of 33° E. Long. with 10° N. Lat.

SUAKIN.

[Sidenote: North.]

The northern portion of the eastern boundary of Berber Province.

[Sidenote: East.]

The Red Sea.

[Sidenote: South.]

The Eritrean frontier from Ras Kasar to the junction of the Ambakta and Baraka Khors, thence down the Khor Baraka to the junction of the Khor Langeb, thence up the Khor Langeb to the junction of the Khor Dageint, thence to Bir Tihamrori in Khor Derudeb, thence to Bir Tendera (Kassala).

[Sidenote: West.]

The eastern boundary of Berber Province.

UPPER NILE.

[Sidenote: North.]

Jebelein.

[Sidenote: East.]

The western and southern boundary of Sennar, thence the Abyssinian frontier to Uganda (5° N. Lat.)

[Sidenote: South.]

N. parallel 5°.

[Sidenote: West.]

The eastern frontier of Kordofan from Jebelein to Lake No, thence the left bank of the Bahr El Jebel to N. Lat. 5° 30′, including the Aliab and western Baris. Shambe and its immediate vicinity belongs to the Bahr El Ghazal Province.

WHITE NILE PROVINCE.

[Sidenote: North.]

From Meshra Abadam on the White Nile (13 miles south of Khartoum) to a point about half-way between it and Soba on the Blue Nile.

[Sidenote: East.]

From the abovementioned point, the eastern boundary runs in a S.S.W. direction, leaving El Sid Wad Isa, Wad El Eiselat, El Sideira, Mahareiba, Um Seneita and Salim to the east (_i.e._ to Blue Nile Province), thence westwards round N. end of Goz El Naga (Blue Nile Province) and southwards, leaving Abdel Majid, Hashaba, Hemedana and Faki Medawi to the west (_i.e._ to White Nile Province), thence westwards round N. of Tahamid (Blue Nile Province) and S.E. round N. of the Um Shadida (White Nile Province), west of Id Nibeihi (Blue Nile Province), and east of Baashiin and Ghefeil (White Nile Province). Thence due S.W. of Deshanat and Gemeil (Blue Nile Province) and east of Jebels El Duhum, Atshan, Gelata Gedad, and Byut (White Nile Province) to J. Mir, thence to the White Nile at Jebelein.

[Sidenote: South.]

Jebelein on the right bank of the White Nile, and on the left bank the southern boundary of Dar El Ahamda, the Selim Baggara Arabs belonging to the Upper Nile Province.

[Sidenote: West.]

From a point on the left bank of the White Nile opposite Meshra Abadam, the western boundary runs in a southerly direction west of J. Adara, east of J. Mandara, 7 miles E. of J. Menuk to Id Fatma (White Nile Province). Thence leaving El Lithi to the west, it includes the whole of Shageig hamlets and cultivation (White Nile Province), and runs south to Fulo Um Sunta (White Nile Province), 12 miles west of Id El Ud. From here line runs southwards, west of Bachi, Shat, and Zereiga, thence towards J. Kon, leaving Gowama and Baza villages to Kordofan and the Busata district and Beni Jerar tribe to White Nile Province. Thence to Um Kueika (White Nile Province), the whole of the Gimma and Mesellemia belonging to White Nile Province, and the whole of Gowama to Kordofan. From Um Kueika the line runs S.S.E. to about the intersection of N. Lat. 12° and E. Long. 32°, and thence due east to the White Nile, the whole of Dar El Ahamda belonging to White Nile Province, and the Selim Baggara to Upper Nile Province.

N.B.—The Shanabla and Kawahla who cultivate east of the frontier specified above belong to White Nile Province for purposes of “ushr” taxation.

[Footnote 257: In 1905 it is probable that Gezira Province will include Wad Medani and District. This will alter the detail of the Eastern and Southern boundaries.]

[Footnote 258: The Wadi El Melh joins the W. Mogaddam on the left bank 40 miles north of Gabra wells.]

[Footnote 259: In 1905 the Headquarters of Sennar Province will probably be at Senga, and Wad Medani will belong to Gezira. This change will alter the detail of the Northern and Western boundaries.]

=APPENDIX H.=

* * * * *

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CARTOGRAPHY OF THE SUDAN.

The following lists do not pretend to be exhaustive: at the same time they contain the chief European works referring to the Sudan which may be of use for reference, etc.

Confidential Publications are marked *; particularly useful ones †.

I.D.W.O. — Intelligence Division, War Office, London.

(_a_) _Official Publications._

Narrative of the Expedition to Dongola and Sennar, 1820-21. 1822.

† Report on the Proposed Railway between Wadi Halfa and Shendy; and
the Ship Incline at the 1st Cataract. By Mr. Fowler. Cairo, 1873.

Reconnaissance from Berenice to Berber. By Col. R. E. Colston.
Cairo, 1874.

† Survey of the White Nile. Lieutenants Watson and Chippendall.
1874.

† General Report on the Province of Kordofan. Col. Prout. Cairo,
1877.

Provinces of the Equator. Egyptian Staff. Cairo, 1877.

Psychrometrical Observations taken at Fascher, Darfour. By Col.
E. S. Purdy. Cairo, 1877.

† Report on the Sudan. Lieut.-Col. Stewart. 1883 (Blue Book, Egypt,
No. 11). 1883.

† The Nile above the 2nd Cataract. By Lieut.-Col. R. H. O’Grady
Haly. 1884. Messrs. Harrison and Sons.

† Report on Egyptian Provinces of the Sudan, Red Sea and Equator.
I.D.W.O. 1884. 3_s._ 6_d._

Parliamentary Papers respecting the Sudan Campaigns, 1884-1892:—

Correspondence respecting General Gordon’s Mission to Egypt,
1884.

Further Instructions to General Gordon, 1884.

Text of Proclamation of General Gordon to the Inhabitants of
the Sudan. 1884.

Telegram relative to a British Force to be collected at
Suakin, 1884.

Admiralty Telegrams relative to Affairs at Suakin, 1884.

Agreement between the Secretary of State for War and Messrs.
Lucas and Aird for the Construction of a Line of Railway from
Suakin towards Berber, 1885.

Papers relating to Withdrawal of Troops from Dongola, 1885.

Return of the Total Number of Cases of Sickness, Deaths, and
Admissions to Hospital for Wounds in Action, 1885.

Relief of General Gordon. 1885.

Return showing the Approximate Distribution and Organisation
of Medical Staff Corps during the Recent Campaign in Egypt and
the Sudan, 1885.

Supplementary Estimate of H.M.’s Navy for the Year 1884-5.

Return of the Approximate Cost of the Military Expedition to
Suakin. 1885.

Supplementary Estimate, 1884-5. Sum required to make good
the deficiency in the provision made for the service of the
Navy and Army during the year ending 31st March, 1885, owing to
the non-payment by Egypt of the extra cost of the Army of
Occupation. 1885.

Correspondence respecting the British Military operations in
the Sudan. 1885.

Further correspondence respecting the British Military
operations in the Sudan. 1885.

Nile Expedition casualties. 1885.

Return of the total sums spent by the Imperial and Indian
Government on Naval and Military Operations in or connected
with Egypt, since 1st January, 1882, to the present time; also
return of the officers and men who have lost their lives, and
of the number invalided home in consequence of our operations
in Egypt between the above-mentioned dates. 1886.

Correspondence regarding the claims of the Egyptian
Government and counter-claims of the British Government arising
from the operations in the Sudan, etc. 1887.

Despatch addressed to Sir H. D. Wolff by Lieut.-Col. Parr,
from the Headquarters of the Egyptian Army at Cairo, relative
to the efficiency and gallantry of the native Egyptian Troops.
1887.

Correspondence respecting affairs at Suakin. 1888.

Further correspondence respecting the affairs at Suakin.
1888, 1889.

Correspondence respecting Military Operations in Egypt and
the Sudan. 1882-89.

Correspondence respecting the re-occupation of Tokar by the
Egyptian Government. 1892.

Correspondence respecting the Valley of the Upper Nile, 1898.

Rapport à S. E. le Ministre des Finances sur le règlement des
comptes pour le service postal de l’armée d’expédition au
Soudan. Cairo, 1885.

Camel Mounted Infantry. Cairo, 1886.

† History of the Sudan Campaign, 1884-85. By Col. Colvile. 2 vols.
1889. 15_s._

† Perennial Irrigation. By W. Willcocks. 1894.

† The Map of Africa by Treaty. By Sir E. Hertslet. 1893.

Catalogue of the War Office Library and Accessions to Ditto.
1893-1896.

† Report on the Nile and Country between Dongola, Suakin, Kassala
and Omdurman. Capt. Count Gleichen, I.D.W.O. 2 Editions, 1897 and
1898. 4_s._ 6_d._

† Handbook of the Sudan. Capt. Count Gleichen. I.D.W.O. 1898. 2_s._

*† Intelligence Reports—Egypt. Compiled by Intelligence Department,
Egyptian Army. 1891-1898. Printed by I.D.W.O.

*† Précis of Events on the Upper Nile, 1878-98. Foreign Office.

† Annual Report on Egypt and the Sudan. British Agent and
Consul-General. 1899 to date. Issued by Foreign Office. Price
varies.

*† Intelligence Reports—Sudan. Compiled by the Intelligence
Department, Egyptian Army. 1899 to date. Printed by I.D.W.O.

† Supplement to Handbook of the Sudan. Major Count Gleichen.
I.D.W.O. 1899. 2_s._ 6_d._

† Report on the Sudan. Sir W. Garstin (Blue Book, Egypt, No. 5).
1899.

The Sudan Code of Criminal Procedure. 1899.

The Sudan Code of Criminal Procedure. Instructions to Officers in
Civil Employment. 1899.

The Sudan Penal Code. 1899.

† Red Sea Pilot. Admiralty. 1900. 3_s._ 6_d._

Sudan Military Railways. Traffic Regulations. 1900.

Regulations for the Government of Sudan Prisons. 1901.

† Report on the Forests of the Sudan. By E. C. Muriel. 1901.

Regulations for the Examination in Arabic and Law of Civilian
Officials serving in the Sudan Civil Administration. 1901.

† Rules of Orthography for Native Names of Places, Persons, etc.,
in Egypt and the Sudan. 1901. Price P.T.3.

† Instructions for Destruction of Locusts, White Ants and Mosquitos
in the Sudan. 1901.

† Report as to Irrigation Projects on the Upper Nile, etc., with 12
maps. Sir W. Garstin (Blue Book, Egypt, No. 2), 1901. 3_s._ 6_d._

† Report on the Woods and Forests of the Sudan. By A. F. Broun.
1902.

† Notes for Travellers and Sportsmen in the Sudan. Agent-General’s
Sudan Government Office, Cairo. 1902. Price 1_s._ Corrected
annually to date. Supplement to Ditto. Price P.T.1.

† Notes on Outfit. Agent-Genera’s Sudan Government Office, Cairo.
1902. P.T.2.

† Report on Cultivable Products of the Sudan. By W. W. A.
Fitzgerald. Agent-General’s Office, Cairo. 1903.

Mining and Prospecting Licenses in the Sudan. 1903.

London Convention. Africa. Game.

Budget of the Sudan. Annual.

Catalogue of the War Office, Cairo, Library. (Up to date). (In
the Press.)

† Sudan Almanac. Intelligence Department, Cairo. Annual. P.T.5.

*† Foreign Office and various Despatches and Prints. Blue
Books—Egypt, Africa and Uganda.

Report on the Wellcome Research Laboratories. Gordon College.
1904.

† Report on the Basin of the Upper Nile. Sir W. Garstin. Egypt.
Blue Book No. 2, 1904. 17_s._ (with numerous diagrams and
illustrations).

* Annual Reports of Mudirs of Provinces.

Sudan Finance Reports. (Annual).

Sudan Government Telegraphs—Regulations and Tariffs.

Sudan Ordinances, viz.:—

An Ordinance for Setting Questions as to Lands situated
within the Towns of Khartoum, Berber, and Dongola, and for
providing for the laying out and re-building of the said towns.
1899.

An Ordinance for Settling Disputes as to Land and for the
Registration of Titles. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Land and Date Tax. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Royalties on Gum, Ostrich
Feathers, Ivory, and India-rubber. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Carrying of Fire-arms. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating and Licensing the Sale of Alcoholic
Liquors. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the House Tax. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Boat Tax. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating and Licensing the Occupation of
Auctioneer and Pedlar. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the application of General Laws and
Regulations to the Districts of Wadi-Halfa and Suakin. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Herd Tax. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Prospecting for Metals, Minerals,
etc. 1899.

An Ordinance for Providing for the Deportation of Offenders from
the Sudan. 1899.

An Ordinance for Regulating Public Ferries, 1900. Repealing the
1899 Ordinance.

An Ordinance for Sudan Civil Justice. 1900.

An Ordinance for Extending the time within which Allottees of
Land at Khartoum and Berber are required to erect Buildings. 1901.

An Ordinance for Amending the Land Tax Ordinance, 1899. 1901.

An Ordinance for Providing that the Royalty taken on Gum, Ostrich
Feathers, Ivory and India-rubber, shall be taken in Money. 1901.

An Ordinance for Imposing and Regulating a Tax upon Animals. 1901.

An Ordinance for the Preservation of Wild Animals and Birds,
1903. Repealing the 1901 Ordinance.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Levying of Tribute. 1901.

An Ordinance for Regulating Woods and Forests. 1901.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Position of Civil Judges. 1901.

An Ordinance for Dealing with the Cattle Plague. 1901.

An Ordinance for Egyptian Judgments. 1901.

An Ordinance for Preventing and Regulating the Introduction of
Contraband Goods in the Sudan. 1902.

An Ordinance for Regulating Liquor Licences. 1902.

An Ordinance for Licensing Seal Engravers and for the
Registration of Seals. 1902.

An Ordinance for the Acquisition of Land for Public Purposes.
1903.

An Ordinance for Amending the Taxation of Animals Ordinance,
1901. 1903.

An Ordinance for Amending the Title of Lands Ordinance, 1899.
1903.

An Ordinance for Amending the Royalties on Gum, etc., Ordinance,
1899. 1903.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Manufacture and Sale of native
Liquors. 1903.

An Ordinance for the Detection and Punishment of Adulteration of
India-rubber and Gutta-percha. 1903.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Storage of Petroleum and other
substances of a like nature. 1903.

An Ordinance for Regulating the Carrying of Fire-arms, 1903.
Repealing the 1899 Ordinance.

Railway Ordinance. 1904.

Kassala and Kordofan Town Lands Ordinance. 1904.

Egyptian Judgments Ordinance, 1904. Amending 1901 Ordinance.

Suakin Town Land Registration Ordinance, 1904.

(_b._) _Unofficial Publications._

[Publ. Price.: Publishing Price.]

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The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government, Vol. 1 (of 2)Chapter VII (5)

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