Chapter XIV: , “The Pueblo tribes in the sixteenth century,” (4)

[332] As clear a description of the form of tribal government among the Pueblo Indians as is anywhere to be found is in Bandelier’s story, The Delight Makers. Mr Bandelier has been most successful in his effort to picture the actions and spirit of Indian life.

[333] Dr J. Walter Fewkes has conclusively shown that the snake dance, probably the most dramatic of Indian ceremonials, is essentially a prayer for rain. Coming as it does just as the natural rainy season approaches, the prayer is almost invariably answered.

[334] Possibly those used in weaving.

[335] This whole sentence is omitted by Hakluyt. The conquerors, in the literature of New Spain, are almost always those who shared with Cortes in the labors and the glory of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.

[336] Translated from Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xix, p. 529. This document is anonymous, but it is evidently a copy of a letter from some trusted companion, written from Granada-Hawikuh, about the time of Coronado’s letter of August 3, 1540. In the title to the document as printed, the date is given as 1531, but there can be no doubt that it is an account of Coronado’s Journey.

[337] The printed Spanish text reads: “que como venian abriendo y descobriendo, cada dia, camino, los arcabucos y rios, y malos pasos, se llevaban en parte.” . . .

[338] A part of Granada, near the Alhambra. There is a curious similarity in the names Albaicin and Hawikuh, the latter being the native name of Coronado’s Granada.

[339] Uttering the war cry of Santiago.

[340] The printed manuscript is V. M., which signifies Your Majesty.

[341] Doubtless Thunder mountain.

[342] The source of this document is stated in the bibliographic note, p. 413. This appears to be a transcript from letters written, probably at Tiguex on the Rio Grande, during the late summer or early fall of 1541.

[343] The Spanish text of this document is printed in Buckingham Smith’s Florida, p. 147, from a copy made by Muñoz, and also in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 318, from a copy found in the Archives of the Indies at Seville. The important variations in the texts are noted in the footnotes. See page 398 in regard to the value of this anonymous document. No date is given in the document, but there can be no doubt that it refers to Coronado’s expedition. In the heading to the document in the Pacheco y Cardenas Coleccion, the date is given as 1531, and it is placed under that year in the chronologic index of the Coleccion. This translation, as well as that of the letter to Charles V, which follows, has already been printed in American History Leaflet, No. 13.

[344] The spelling of Cibola and Culiacan is that of the Pacheco y Cardenas copy. Buckingham Smith prints Civola and Culuacan.

[345] Buckingham Smith prints Tovar and Tuçan.

[346] See the letter of August 3, 1540, p. 562.

[347] The Acoma people call their pueblo Áko, while the name for themselves is Akómë, signifying “people of the white rock.” The Zuñi name of Acoma, as previously stated, is Hákukia; of the Acoma people, Hákukia. Hacus was applied by Niza to Hawikuh, not to Acoma—_Hodge_.

[348] The Rio Grande.

[349] Evidently Taos, the native name of which is Tūatá, the Picuris name being Tuopá, according to Hodge.

[350] The Spanish text (p. 323) is: “Tiene diez é ocho barrios; cada uno tiene tanto sitio como dos solares, las casas muy juntas.”

[351] Identical with Castañeda’s Cicuyc or Cicuye—the pueblo of Pecos.

[352] Southeast, in Buckingham Smith’s Muñoz copy.

[353] Tuxeque, in the Muñoz copy.

[354] Or mines, as Muñoz guesses.

[355] And jerked beef dried in the sun, in the Muñoz copy only.

[356] The text of this letter is printed in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. iii, p. 363, from a copy made by Muñoz, and also in the same collection, vol. xiii, p. 261, from a copy in the Archives of the Indies at Seville. There is a French translation in Ternaux, Cibola volume, p. 355. See the footnote to the preceding document.

[357] Coronado had apparently forgotten the atrocities committed by the Spaniards at Tiguex.

[358] The text of this narrative is found in Buckingham Smith’s Florida, p. 154, from a copy made by Muñoz, and in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 304, from the copy in the Archives of the Indies. A French translation is given in Ternaux-Compans’ Cibola volume, p. 364.

[359] The Spanish text reads: “Habrá como dos jornadas (;) en este pueblo de los Corazones. (es) Es un arroyo de riego y de tierra caliente, y tienen sus viviendas de unos ranchos que despues de armados los palos, casi á manera de hornos, aunque muy mayores, los cubren con unos petates. Tienen maiz y frisoles y calabazas para su comer, que creo que no le falta. Vistense de cueros de venados, y aquí por ser este puesto al parecer cosa decente, se mandó poblar aquí una villa de los españoles que iban traseros donde vivieron hasta casi que la jornada peresció. Aquí hay yerba y seguro (segund) lo que della se vió, y la operacion que hace es la más mala que se puede hallar, y de lo que tuvimos entendido ser, era de la leche de un árbol pequeño, á manera de lantisco en cuasci, (, E Nasce) en pizarrillas y tierra estéril.” This quotation follows the Pacheco y Cardenas text. The important variations of Buckingham Smith’s copy are inclosed within parentheses. The spelling of the two, in such matters as the use of _b_ and _v_, _x_ and _j_, and the punctuation, differ greatly.

[360] See Bandelier’s Gilded Man, p. 175. This is Castañeda’s “Guagarispa” as mistakenly interpreted by Ternaux-Compans, the present Arispe, or, in the Indian dialect, Huc-aritz-pa. The words “Ispa, que” are not in the Pacheco y Cardenas copy.

[361] The Spanish text is either “ino mui salada de yerva” (B. Smith), or “y no muy solada de yerva” (Pacheco y Cardenas). Doubtless the reference is to the alkali soil and vegetation.

[362] The Spanish text (p. 308) is: “el vestido de los indios es de cueros de venados, estremadísimo el adobo, alcanzan ya algunos cueros de vacas adobado con quo se cobijan, que son á manera de bernias y de mucho abrigo; tienen mantas de algodon cuadradas; unas mayores que otras, como de vara y media en largo; las indias las traen puestas por el hombro á manera de gitanas y ceñidas una vuelta sobre otra por su cintura con una cinta del mismo algodon; estando en este pueblo primero de Cibola, el rostro el Nordeste; un poquito ménos está á la mano izquierda de él, cinco jornadas, una provincia que se dice Tucayan.”

[363] Acoma. See note on page 492.

[364] Sia.

[365] Identical with Taos—the Braba of Castañeda and the Yuraba of the Relacion del Suceso.

[366] Pecos. In Pacheco y Cardenas this is spelled Tienique.

[367] All references to hot rooms or estufas are of course to be construed to mean the kivas or ceremonial chambers.

[368] Tiguex is here doubtless referred to.

[369] One of the villages whose names Jaramillo did not know was probably the Ximena (Galisteo) of Castañeda.

[370] In Buckingham Smith’s copy occurs the phrase, “que decian ellos para significarnoslo Teucarea.” This is not in Pacheco y Cardenas.

[371] The Spanish text (p. 315) of this description of the Kansas-Nebraska plains is: “Esta tierra tiene muy linda la apariencia, tal que no la he visto yo mejor . . . porque no es tierra muy doblada sino de lo más (de lomas) y llanos, y rios de muy linda apariencia y aguas, que cierto me contento y tengo presuncion que será muy fructífera y de todos frutos. En los ganados ya está la esperencia (inspiriencia) en la mano por la muchedumbre que hay, que estanta cuanto quieran pensar: jallamos cirguelas de Castilla, un género dellas que nī son del todo coloradas, sino entre coloradas y algo negras y verdes. (,) El árbol y el fruto es cierto de Castilla, de muy gentil sabor; jallamos entre las vacas, lino, que produce la tierra, é brecitas (hebrecitas) arredradas unas de otras, que como el ganado no las come se quedan por allí con sus cabezuelas y flor azul, y aunque pequeño muy perfecto, natural del de nuestra España (perfecto; zumaque natural . . . ). En algunos arroyos, uvas de razonable sabor para no beneficiadas: las casas que estos indios tenian, eran de paxa y muchas dellas redondas, y la paxa llegaba hasta el suelo como pared que no tenia la proporcion y manera de las de acá; por de fuera y encima desto, tenian una manera como capilla ó garita, con una entrada donde se asomaban los indios sentados ó echados.”

[372] The pueblos of the Rio Grande.

[373] This is the spelling of Panuco in both texts.

[374] The text of this report is printed in Buckingham Smith’s Florida, p. 65, from the Muñoz copy, and in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. iii, p. 511. See note on page 391. A translation of this document was printed in the Boston Transcript for October 14, 1893.

[375] Acuco or Acoma. The route taken by Alvarado was not the same as that followed by Coronado, who went by way of Matsaki. Alvarado’s course was the old Acoma trail which led directly eastward from Hawikuh or Ojo Caliente.

[376] Day of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin, September 8. This was the Tiguex or present Rio Grande.

[377] Translated freely and abridged from the depositions as printed in Pacheco y Cardenas, Documentos de Indias, vol. xiv, p. 373. See note on page 377. The statements of the preceding witnesses are usually repeated, in effect, in the testimony of those who follow.

[378] Judge of the highest court of the province.

[379] Thursday.

INDEX

ACAPULCO, port on coast of New Spain … 385 —, rendezvous for Alvarado's fleet … 409 —, departure of Alarcon from … 403 —, departure of Ulloa from … 369 ACAXES indians of Culiacan … 514 ACHA pueblos … 519 ACOCHIS, indian name for gold … 493, 512 ACOMA, Jaramillo's name for … 587 —, Tigua name for … 492 —, Zuñi name for … 490 —, Alvarado's description of … 594 —, Castañeda's description of … 491 —, description of by companions of Coronado … 569, 575 —, reputation of, in Sonora … 357 —, visit of Arellano to … 494 —, visit of Spaniards to … 390 —, worship of cross at … 544 —, <i>see</i> ACUCO, ACUS. ACORNS, use of, by indians as food … 517 ACOSTA, MARIA DE, wife of Pedro Castañeda … 470 ACUCO, location of … 519, 524 —, visit of Alvarado to … 490 —, cartographic history of … 403 —, <i>see</i> ACOMA, ACUS. ACUCU, Coronado's comments on name of … 560 ACUIQUE, name for Cicuye … 523 ACUS, identified with Acoma … 357 —, Coronado's account of … 560 —, <i>see</i> ACOMA, ACUCO. ADOBE, description of … 520, 562, 569 —, making of, described … 356 AGAVE, liquor made from … 516 — fiber, use of, for garments … 517 AGUAIAUALE, seaport of Culiacan … 385 AGUAS CALIENTES, pueblo of … 525 AGUILAR, JUAN DE, Mendoza's agent in Spain … 368 AHACUS, identified with Hawikuh … 358 ÁKO, native name for Acoma … 575 AKÓNË, native name for people of Acoma … 575 ALARCON, D. DE, confusion of, with Alcaraz … 501 ALARCON, H. DE, expedition by sea, under … 385,478 —, Colorado river discovered by … 403, 574 —, Estevan's death reported to … 360 —, message of, found by Diaz … 407, 486 —, Coronado's fears for … 555 ALBAICIN, similarity of, with Hawikuh … 564 ALCARAZ, DIEGO DE, lieutenant of Diaz … 485, 501 —, incompetence of … 502 —, death of … 533 ALEMAN, JUAN, inhabitant of Mexico … 495 ALEXERES, uncertain meaning of … 507 ALKALI soil, references to … 586 ALLIGATORS, danger from, in rivers of New Galicia … 539 ALMAGRO, struggles of, in Peru against Pizarro … 376 ALMAGUER, ANTONIO DE, secretary in New Spain … 598 ALMIDEZ CHERINO, PERO, royal veedor for New Spain … 596, 598 ALMIRANTAZGO, island of … 545 ALOE, Mexican, use of, for clothing by pueblo indians … 569 ALVARADO, HERNANDO DE, appointment of … 477 —, Coronado protected by, at Cibola … 483 —, expedition of, to Rio Grande … 390, 490, 575 —, report of discoveries by … 594 —, Pecos chiefs imprisoned by … 493 —, visit of, to Braba … 511 —, wounded by indians … 557 ALVARADO, PEDRO DE, lieutenant of Cortes, conqueror of Guatemala … 352 —, failure of expedition to Peru … 352 —, unites with Mendoza for exploration … 353 —, arguments before Council for the Indies … 372 —, efforts to provide wives for colonists … 374 —, arrival of, in New Spain … 408 —, expedition of, to Peru … 474 —, feats of … 540 —, death of, a Nochistlan … 410 AMATEPEQUE, revolt in, quelled by Coronado … 380 AMBUSH, use of, by Spaniards … 500 AMMUNITION, lack of, in New Spain … 540 ANACAPA ISLAND, visit of Ferrel to … 412 ANDREW TARASCAN remains in pueblo country … 592 ANGEL DE LA GUARDIA, island of … 554 ANIMALS of pueblo region … 518 — taken by Coronado for food supply … 553 ANTONIO DE CICDAD-RODRIGO, Franciscan provincial in Mexico … 354 ANTONIO BE SANTA MARIA, Franciscan friar … 474 ANTONIO VICTORIA, friar, leg of, broken … 482 APALACHE BAY explored by Narvaez … 346 ÂQUIU, name for Cienye … 523 ARACHE, province of great plains … 529, 588 ARAE, indian village on great plains … 577 ARAHEI, province of, on great plains … 588 ARCHE, province near Quivira … 503 ARELLANO, TRISTAN DE, lieutenant to Coronado … 508 —, appointment of, as captain … 477 —, command of, in Coronado's army … 391, 481, 572, 577, 581 —, at Corazones … 485 —, arrival of, at Cibola and Tiguex … 492, 494, 510 ARISPA, settlement of … 515 —, visit of Coronado to … 585 ARIVAYPA CREEK in Arizona … 387 ARIZONA, adobe of … 520 ARIZPE, <i>see</i> ARISPA. ARKANSAS RIVER followed by Coronado … 397 ARROWPOINTS, in graves at Sikyatki … 519 ARTILLERY, substitutes for, devised by Spaniards … 500 —, use of, at Chiametla … 481 —, use of, by Indians … 524 —, use of, in exploring expeditions … 546 ATAHUALPA killed by Pizarro … 354 AUDIENCIA, definition of … 472 —, functions of the … 350 AUDIENCIA, expeditions into new territory forbidden by … 369 AVILA, PEDRO DE, ringleader in rebellion at Suya … 533 AXA, province in great plains … 492 AZTEC warriors allies of Spaniards in Mixton war … 410

BABBITT, IRVING, acknowledgments to … 552
BACALLAOS, name applied to Newfoundland, … , 526
BACHELORS forbidden to hold land in America … 374
BALCONIES, description of, in pueblo houses … 523
BALSAS, RIO DE LAS, crossed by Coronado on rafts … 586
BANCROFT, H.H., on Cabeza de Vaca's route … 348
—, mistake in dating Alvarado's report … 391
BANDELIER, A.F., researches in southwestern history … 339
—, discussion of indian legends … 345
—, on Cabeza de Vaca's route … 347
—, on Friar Juan de la Asuncion … 353
—, on route of Friar Marcos … 358
—, defense of veracity of Friar Marcos … 363
—, on date of Coronado's departure … 382
—, on Coronado's route from Culiacan … 386
—, identification of Chichilticalli by … 387, 516
—, identification of Hawikuh-Granada by … 489
—, identification of pueblos by … 511, 524
—, Querechos identified with Apaches by … 396
—, identification of Rio Vermejo by … 482
—, identification of Vacapa by … 355
—, use of sources of Coronado expedition by … 414
—, considers the Turk indian probably a Pawnee … 394
—, on Arizona indian liquor … 516
—, on Opata poison … 538
—, on indian government and estufas … 520
—, on pueblo indian life and government … 561
—, on name of Cicuye … 523
—, on name Teya or Texia … 507
—, on name Tutahaco … 492
—, on Indian giants … 485
—, on Acoma … 490
—, on Ispa and Guagarispa … 585
—, on location of Quivira … 397
—, on location of Tiguex and Cicuye … 491
—, on Matsaki … 517
—, on Petlatlan … 515
—, on the Seven Cities … 473
—, on Topira … 478
—, on Yuqueyunque … 510
BANNOCK, linguistic affinity of the … 525
BANUELOS, B., miner of Zacatecas … 538
BARBELS, native American fish … 517
BARK used in mat making … 259
BARRANCA, RIO DE LA, crossed by Coronado … 586
BARRIONUEVO, FRANCISCO DE, companion of Coronado … 479
—, explorations of … 510
—, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496
BATUCA, Opata settlement in Sonora … 537
BEADS found in graves at Sikyatki … 519
BEANS, stores of, kept by Indians … 584
—, wild, found by Coronado … 507
BEAR in pueblo region … 518, 560
BEJARANO, SERVAN, testimony of … 598
BENAVIDES, A. DE, on methods of building pueblos … 520
—, on use of dogs by plains indians … 527
BENITEZ, death of … 500
BERMEJO, <i>See</i> VERMEJO.
BERNALILLO, location of Tiguex at … 391, 491
BIBLIOGRAPHY of Coronado expedition … 599
BIGOTES, captain of Cicuye indians … 490
—, <i>see</i> WHISKERS.
BILLEGAS, FRANCISCO DE, agent for De Soto in Mexico … 366
—, correspondence of, with De Soto … 370
BIRDS of pueblo region … 521
BISON first seen by Coronado's force … 391
—, description of … 527, 541, 543
— described by Cicuye indians … 490
— described by Colorado river indians … 405
— described by companion of Coronado … 570
— described by Coronado … 580
— described by Jaramillo … 587
—, Alvarado's journey among … 576
—, Coronado's army supplied with meat of … 577, 581
— killed by plains indians … 504
BISON, pile of bones of … 542
—, skins of, found by Coronado at Cibola … 560
—, stampede of … 505
BITUMEN used by indians in making rafts … 407
BLANKETS of native American cotton … 517
BLIZZARD experienced by Coronado … 506
BOCANEGRA, HERNAND PEREZ DE, <i>See</i> PEREZ.
BOSTON TRANSCRIPT, translation of Alvarado's report in … 594
BOURKE, J.G., on Apache medicine-men … 360
BOYOMO, river and settlement of … 515
BRABA, pueblo of … 525
—, description of, by Alvarado … 505
—, village of, visited by Spaniards … 511
BRACELETS of Turk indian … 493
BREAD of pueblo indians … 522
—, use of, among Colorado river indians … 485
BRIDGE built by Spaniards across Canadian river … 397, 504
—, Indian, across Rio Grande … 511
BRIGANTINES, French, on the coast of New Spain … 547
BUENAGUIA, Alarcon's name for Colorado river … 406, 574
BUFFALO, <i>see</i> BISON.
BUFFALO SKINS given to Coronado … 505
— obtained through trade by Sonora indians … 357
BURGOS, JUAN DE, estates of, forfeited for bachelorhood … 379
BURIAL among pueblo indians … 518
— by Tiguex indians … 595
BURIEL, a variety of cloth … 543
BURNING of indian captives condemned by Spaniards … 393
— of indians at stake by Spaniards … 407

CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUÑEZ, arrival of, in New Spain … 345, 474
—, royal treasurer on Narvaez' expedition … 347
—, narrative of Narvaez' expedition by … 349
—, narrative of, translated by Ternaux … 349
—, tells Alvarado of his discoveries … 352
—, indian traditions regarding … 539
—, efforts to verify reports of … 354
—, description of bison by … 543, 548
—, uses gourds of indian medicine-men … 360
—, traces of, found by Coronado … 505, 506
—, in Corazones valley … 484, 585
CABOT, SEBASTIAN, map of, cited … 403
CABRILLO, J.R., voyage of, along California coast … 411
CALIFORNIA, coast of, explored by Ferrel … 412
—, exploration of gulf of … 369, 514
—, peninsula of, mistaken for an island … 404, 486
—, natives of peninsula of … 514
CAMPO, ANDRES DO, Portuguese companion of Padilla … 400
—, remains in Quivira … 529, 535
—, return of, to New Spain … 401, 544
CANADIAN RIVER, journey of Alvarado along … 391, 576
—, crossed by Coronado … 397, 504
CANTELOUPES, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550
—, indian use of, as food … 516
CANYON OF THE COLORADO visited by Spaniards … 390, 489
CAPETLAN, <i>see</i> CAPOTHAN.
CAPOTHAN, province in New Spain … 529
CAPOTLAN <i>or</i> CAPOTEAN, indians from, accompany Padilla … 592
CARBAJAL, death of Spaniard named … 500
CARDENAS, DIEGO LOPEZ DE, name of, given by Mota Padilla … 477
CARDENAS, GARCIA LOPEZ, succeeds Samaniego as field-master … 388
—, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, confusion of, with Urrea … 489
—, visits Colorado river … 390, 489, 574
—, indian village attacked by … 496
—, Coronado protected by, at Cibola … 483, 557, 573
—, treachery of indians toward … 498
—, indians interviewed by … 497
—, interview of, with indians … 555, 556
—, at Tiguex … 492
—, preparations for winter quarters by … 576
—, accident to … 505, 577
—, death of brother of … 530
CARDENAS, GARCIA LOPEZ, recalled to Spain … 399, 578, 583
CARDONA, ANOTNIO SERRANO DE, <i>See</i> SERRANO.
CARTOGRAPHIC results of Coronado expedition … 403
CASA DE CONTRATACION, description of … 351
CASA GRANDE, attempts to identify with Chichilticalli … 387
CASTAÑEDA, ALONSO DE, death, of … 500
CASTAÑEDA, PEDRO DE, narrative of Coronado expedition by … 413, 417
—, manuscript of, in Lenox library … 339, 413
—, story of an indian trader … 345
—, explanation of troubles between Friar Marcos and Estevan … 355
—, story of Estevan's death … 360
—, says Friar Marcos' promotion was arranged by Mendoza … 364
—, accusations against Friar Marcos … 366
—, mistake regarding departure of Alarcon … 385
—, stories of revolt of Rio Grande indians … 393
—, credibility of his version of the Turk's stories of Quivira … 394
—, Spanish family name … 511
—, difficulties in manuscript of … 513, 514
—, peculiarities of style of … 525, 526
CASTILLO, ALONSO DEL, same as Maldonado … 348
CATTLE, imported into New Spain … 375
CAVALLOS, BAHIA DE LOS, site of Narvaez' camp … 347
CEDROS, ARROYO DE LOS, crossed by Coronado … 584
CENTIZPAC, a river in New Galicia … 382
CEREMONIAL meal, use of, on Moki trails … 488
CEREMONIES of pueblo indians … 544, 550, 573
—, pueblo, studied by Fewkes … 359
— of Tiguex indians … 595
CERECS THURBERH, <i>see</i> PITAHAYA.
CERVANTES, a Spanish soldier … 503
CEVOLA, <i>see</i> CIBOLA.
CHAMETLA, <i>see</i> CHIAMETLA.
CHAMITA, on site of Yuqueyunque … 510, 525
CHANNING, EDWARD, acknowledgments to … 339
CHERINO, PERO ALMIDEZ, <i>see</i> ALMIDEZ.
CHIA, indian village mentioned by Jaramillo … 587
—, mention of road to … 594
—, cannon deposited in villages of … 503
—, <i>see</i> SIA.
CHIAMETLA, appointment of Trejo in … 500
—, death of Samaniego at … 480, 547
—, desertion of … 383
CHICHILTICALLI, description of … 516
— described by Jaramillo … 584
— described by Mota Padilla … 487
—, limit of Diaz' exploration … 303
—, first sight of, by Coronado … 482
— visited by Coronado … 387
—, Coronado's description of … 554
—, visit of Diaz to … 480
—, visit of Friar Marcos to … 475
CHICHIMECAS, Mexican word for braves … 524
—, Mexican indians … 529
CHINA, coast of, connected with America … 513, 526
CIBOLA described by indians of Sonora … 356
—, extent of range of … 358
—, stories of, inspired by Friar Marcos … 364
— captured by Coronado lvii, 388, 556, 565, 573
—, Castañeda's description of … 482
—, Diaz' description of houses at … 548
—, Coronado's description of … 558
—, description of … 517, 565, 569, 573
—, description of houses at … 520
—, cartographic history of … 403
—, <i>see</i> ZUÑI.
CICUIC, <i>see</i> CICUYE, PECOS.
CICUIQUE, <i>see</i> CICUYE.
CICUYE, synonymous with Pecos … 391
—, description of … 523, 525
— described by companions of Coronado … 570, 575
— described by Jaramillo … 587
—, indians from, visit Coronado … 490
—, Alvarado's visit to … 491
—, visit of Coronado to … 502
—, treachery of indians at … 509
—, siege of, by Spaniards … 511
—, cartographic history of … 403
—, river of, crossed by Spaniards … 504, 510
CINALOA RIVER crossed by Coronado … 584
— north of New Galicia … 386, 515
CLIMATE of Cibola, Coronado's account of … 559
CLOTHING of the Hopi … 517
— of indians at Quivira … 582
— of indians at Sonora … 515
— of indians taken by Spaniards … 495
— of plains indians … 507
— of pueblo indians … 404, 517, 549, 562, 563, 569, 573, 586, 595
CLUBS, indian … 498
COAHUILA, a Mexican state … 545
COCHIN, letter from, to Mendoza … 412
COCHITI, pueblo of … 525
COCO, Alvarado's name for Acoma … 594
COLIMA, town in western New Spain … 385
—, illness of Mendoza at … 551
—, ravines of … 505
COLONISTS of New Spain, characteristics of … 373
COLONIZATION of New Spain … 374
COLORADO, adobe of … 520
COLORADO RIVER, discovery of … 403, 574
—, visit of Diaz to … 406, 485
—, visit of Cardonas to … 390, 489
COLUMBIA RIVER, drift of, seen by Ferrel … 412
COMANCHE, identification of, with Teya … 524
—, linguistic affinity of the … 525
COMBS, use of, in weaving … 562
COMPOSTELA, establishment of … 473
—, rendezvous of Coronado's army at … 362
—, review of Coronado's force in … 596
—, departure of Coronado from … 377, 478
COMUPATRICO, settlement of … 515
CONA, settlement of plains Indians … 507
CONQUISTADORES, meaning of term in New Spain … 563
COPALA, name of province in great plains … 492
COPPER found by Coronado at Quivira … 397, 509, 577, 582
— recognized by Colorado river indians … 405
— bell found among Texas Indians … 350
— mines, ancient, in Michigan … 345
COQUITE, pueblo of … 523
CORAZONES, settlement of, by Arellano … 572
—, river and settlement of … 515
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 585
—, food supply in … 553
—, kindness of Indians of … 534, 537
—, or valley of Hearts, in Sonora … 392
—, Coronado's army in valley of … 484
CORN, description of native American … 518
—, stores of, kept by Indians … 584
—, method of grinding, at pueblos … 522, 559
—, <i>see</i> MAIZE.
CORONADO, FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ, commission of, as governor of New
Galicia … 351
—, escorts Friar Marcos to Culiacan … 355
—, returns to Mexico with Friar Marcos … 362, 381
—, accompanied Mendoza to Mexico … 376
—, request by, for investigation of personnel of force … 377
—, marriage and history … 379, 474
—, quells revolt of miners at Amatepeque … 380
—, rumors of his appointment as governor … 380
—, wounded at Cibola … 573, 565, 388, 483, 557
—, departure of, for Quivira … 395, 577
—, return of, to Mexico … 401
—, end of career of … 402
—, appointment of … 474, 476
—, departure of, from Compostela … 478
—, Tutahaco visited by … 492
—, letter written by, to survivors of Narvaez' expedition … 507, 590
—, separation of, from main army … 508
—, cause of illness of … 531, 538, 579
—, departure of, from Culiacan … 552
—, regrets of, for failure of expedition … 583
—, petition from, to Mendoza … 596
CORONADO EXPEDITION, memoir on … 329–613
CORTES, HERNANDO, defeats Narvaez … 346
—, Marquis del valle de Oxitipar … 350
—, settlement at Santa Cruz … 351
—, declares Friar Marcos' report to be a lie … 367
—, troubles of, with Mendoza … 368, 409
—, expedition under Ulloa to head of gulf of California … 369
—, arguments before the Council for the Indies … 371
—, efforts to populate New Spain … 373
—, importation of cattle by … 374
—, name Nueva España given by … 403
—, rivalry of, with Guzman … 473
CORTES, HERNANDO, trial for murder of wife of … 473
—, feats of … 540
—, probably mistaken reference to, in Ramusio … 556
COTTON at Acoma, Coronado's account of … 569
—, cultivation of, on Rio Grande … 575
— found at Cibola by Coronado … 558
—, use of, by pueblo indians … 569
— blankets, native American … 517
— cloth at Tusayan … 489
COUNCIL FOR THE INDIES, investigates charges against Cabeza de Vaca
… 349
COWS, <i>see</i> BISON.
CRANES in pueblo region … 521
CREMATION among pueblo indians … 518
CROSS, sign of, among pueblo indians … 518
—, veneration for, among indians … 544, 548, 555
— raised by Coronado in Quivira … 591
CROW INDIANS, arrows of the … 279
CROWS in pueblo region … 521
CRUZ, BAHIA DE LA, explored by Narvaez … 346
CULIACAN, SAN MIGUEL DE … 547
—, foundation of, by Guzman … 473
—, description of … 513
—, arrival of Cabeza de Vaca at … 474
—, Coronado entertained at … 384
—, Coronado's departure from … 552
—, return of Coronado to … 538
CULUACAN, <i>see</i> CULIACAN.
CURRANTS, wild, found by Coronado … 510
CUSHING, F.H., on Acus, Totonteac, and Marata … 357
—, on indian burials … 518
—, on indian fruit preserves … 487
CUYACAN, ANDRES DE, indian ally of Coronado … 535

DANCES of the Tahus … 613 DANIEL, Franciscan friar and lay brother … 474, 556 DAVIS, W.W.H., on destruction of New Mexican documents … 535 DĀ´ WĀ·WÝMP-KI-YAS, Tusayan sun priests … 518 DEER at Cibola … 560 —, description of, by Colorado river indians … 405 — in pueblo region … 518 — of great plains … 528 DESCALONA, LOUIS, labors of, at Pecos … 401 DE SOTO, <i>see</i> SOTO. DIALECTS among plains indians … 582 DIAZ, MELCHIOR, position of … 477 —, ordered to verify Friar Marcos' reports … 363 —, Niza's report investigated by … 547, 553, 572 —, on Niza's discoveries … 383 —, in command of San Hieronimo … 392 —, command of, at Corazones … 484 —, exploration by … 406, 480, 485, 574 —, death of … 407, 501 DIVORCE among pueblo indians … 521 —, <i>see</i> MARRIAGE. DO CAMPO, <i>see</i> CAMPO. DOGS, mention of, in connection with Coronado expedition … 401, 405, 407 —, use of, by plains indians … 504, 507, 527, 570, 579 DOMINGUEZ, quotations from dictionary of … 545 DONADO, ecclesiastical use of term … 400 DORANTES, ANDRES, survivor of Narvaez expedition … 348 —, remains in Mexico to conduct explorations … 349 —, travels of … 474 —, traces of, found by Coronado … 505, 506 DORANTES, FRANCISCO, mistake for Andres … 348 —, <i>see</i> CABEZA DE VACA. DRAKE, FRANCIS, on indian giants … 485 DRUM at Pecos … 491 DRUNKENNESS, absence of, at Cibola 518 — among the Tahus … 574 DURANGO, a Mexican state … 545 —, province of New Spain … 353 —, mines in … 476

EAGLES, tame, kept by indians … 516
EAMES, WILBERFOECE, acknowledgments to … 339
EARTHENWARE of indians mentioned by Castañeda … 511
—, <i>see</i> POTTERY.
EARTHQUAKES near mouth of Colorado river … 501
ECLIPSE, effect of, at Cibola … 518
ENCACONADOS, Sonoran use of term … 358
ESPEJO, ANTONIO DE, Mexican indians found at Cibola by … 401, 536
—, on clothing of Zuñi indians … 517
—, on Coronado's attack on Tiguex … 496
—, on plains indians … 527
ESPINOSA, death of … 555, 564, 586
ESPIRITU SANTO river identified with Mississippi … 346
ESTEBANILLO, <i>see</i> ESTEVAN.
ESTEVAN, survivor of Narvaez expedition … 348
—, qualifications as a guide … 354
— proceeds to Cibola in advance of Niza … 355
—, travels of … 474
—, death of … 475, 551, 586
—, Coronado's account of the death of … 563
—, death of, described by Colorado river indians … 405
—, native legends of death of … 361
ESTRADA, ALONZO DE, royal treasurer for New Spain … 379
—, parentage of … 474
ESTRADA, BEATRICE DE, wife of Coronado … 379, 478
ESTREMADURA, Spanish province … 511
ESTUFAS, descriptions of … 520
—, description of, by Jaramillo … 587
—, reference to … 569
— at Cibola … 518
—, very large, at Braba … 511
—, <i>see</i> KIVA
EUDEVE, branch of Opata Indians … 537
EUPHOEBIACEA, name of Opata poison … 538

FEATHERS, Indian trade in … 472 —, use of, by pueblo indians … 544, 559, 570 —, use of, for garments … 517 FERDINAND, KING, family of … 474 FERNANDEZ, DOMINGO, Spanish soldier, death of … 538 FERREL, B. DE, pilot and successor of Cabrillo … 411 FETICHES, found in graves at Sikyatki … 519 FEWKES, J. WALTER, excavations by … 519 —, researches at Tusayan and Zuñi … 339, 359 —, on estufas … 520 —, on Hopi ceremonials … 544,550 —, on snake dance … 561 —, on sun priests and kiva ceremonies … 518 FIGUEROA, GOMEZ SUAREZ DE, companion of Coronado … 477 FIREBRAND, use of, by Indians in traveling … 485 FIREBRAND RIVER, <i>see</i> COLORADO, TIZON. FLAX, river of … 554, 555 —, wild, on great plains … 528, 591 FLETCHER, FRANCIS, on indian giants … 485 FLORIDA explored by De Soto … 370 — explored by Narvaez … 340, 474 —, reputed bad character of country of … 545 FLOWERS, use of, in pueblo ceremonials … 544 FLUTES at Pecos … 491 FOOD of Acoma Indians … 491 —, supply of, in Acoma … 594 — of pueblo Indians … 506, 527, 549, 559, 569, 586, 593 — supply of Tiguex Indians … 595 — supply of Spanish army … 562 — of Tusayan Indians … 489 FOWLS, domestic, among the pueblos … 516, 521,559 FRANCISCANS, election of Niza by … 476 —, dress of … 543 — in New Spain … 474 FRIO, RIO, crossed by Coronado … 586 FRUIT, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550 —, wild, of great plains … 528 FUNERAL witnessed by Coronado … 519

GALERAS, JUAN, exploration of Colorado river canyons by … 489 GALICIA, NEW KINGDOM OF, in New Spain … 473 GALINDO, LUIS, chief justice for New Galicia … 351 GALISTEO, pueblo of … 523, 525 —, mention of, by Jaramillo … 587 GALLEGO, JUAN, companion of Coronado … 477 —, messenger from Coronado to Mendoza … 392,394 —, messenger from Mexico to Coronado … 533, 534 —, in Corazones … 484 —, meets Coronado on his return … 537 —, feats of … 540 GAME in pueblo region … 518, 521, 560 GARCIA, ANDRES, on effect of Marcos' report … 365 GARCIA ICAZBALCETA <i>see</i> ICAZBALCETA. GARNETS found at Cibola by Coronado … 559 GATSCHET, A.S., on name of Cibola … 517 GEESE in pueblo region … 521 GEOGRAPHICAL results of Coronado expedition … 403 GIANTS, discovery of tribe of … 392 —, indian, finding of, by Maldonado … 484 —, indian, visit of Diaz among … 485 GILA RIVER, possible early visit to … 333 GOATS, mountain, in pueblo country … 550, 560 —, mountain, seen by Spaniards … 516 GOLD, discovery of, Suya … 533 — found by Coronado at Cibola … 503 —, reports of, from Quivira … 503, 501, 512 — found at Quivira by Coronado … 582 —, use of, in indian trade … 472 GOMARA, F.L. de, on Chichimecas … 524 —, on clothing of pueblo Indians … 517 —, description of bison by … 513 —, on illness of Coronado … 531 —, on return of Coronado … 539 —, on capture of Cibola … 483 —, on stories told by Turk indian … 492 —, on Quivira and Padilla … 529 GOOSE, <i>see</i> GEESE. GORBALAN, FRANCISCO, companion of Coronado … 477 GOURD used by Estevan as sign of authority … 360 —, use of, for carrying water … 490 GOVERNMENT of pueblo indians … 356, 518, 561 — of Sonora indians … 513 GRANADA, Coronado's name for Hawikuh … 389, 558, 564 —, <i>see</i> HAWIKUH, CIBOLA. GRAND CANYON, <i>see</i> COLORADO RIVER. GRAPES, introduction of, into pueblo country … 550 —, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 510, 528, 582, 591 GREAT PLAINS, description of 527 —, description of, by companion of Coronado … 570 —, Coronado's description of … 580 —, dangers of traveling on … 578 GREY FRIARS, name of … 513 GUACHICHULES, Mexican native province … 515 GUADALAJARA, citizens of, in Coronado's army … 598 —, defense of, in Mixton war … 408, 410 —, election of magistrates at … 381 GUADALAJARA, ANTON DE, native ally of Coronado … 536 GUADALAXARA, name of, changed in 1540 … 473 GUADALUPE CANYON, pueblos in … 525 GUADIAINA, Spanish river … 511 GUAES, province near Quivira … 503, 529 GUAGARISPA, settlement of … 515 —, <i>see</i> ARISPA, ISPA. GUAS, province of great plains … 503, 529 GUATEMALA explored by Alvarado 352 —, wives for settlers imported into … 374 GUATULCO, port of New Spain … 369 GUATUZACA, indian mythological personage … 405 GUEVARA, DIEGO DE, name of, cited by Mota Padilla … 477 —, indian village captured by … 500 GUEVARA, JUAN DE, appointment of son of … 477 GUEVARA, PEDRO DE, appointment of, as captain … 477 GUTIERRES, DIEGO, appointment of, as captain … 477 GUYAS, <i>see</i> GUAS. GUZMAN, NUÑO DE, president of Mexican audiencia … 350 —, position of, in New Spain … 472 —, conquest of New Galicia by … 351 —, arguments of, before Council for the Indies … 372 —, Culiacan settled by … 513 —, expedition of, to Seven Cities … 473 —, result of abuses of … 408 —, imprisoned in Mexico … 351

HACUS, use of name by Niza … 575
HAILSTONES, effect of, in Coronado's camp … 506
HAIR-DRESS of pueblo women … 517
HAKLUYT, R., translation of Coronado's letter by … 552
—, omissions in translation by … 563
—, quotation from … 554, 558, 560
—, Zuñi name for Acoma … 490, 560, 575
—, Zuñi name for Acoma people … 490, 575
HANO, a Tusayan village … 510
HARAHEY, chief of, visits Coronado … 590
HARAL, <i>see</i> HAXA.
HARALE, description of, told to Coronado … 576
HAWIKUH former importance of … 358
—, scene of Estevan's death … 361
—, similarity of, with Albaicin … 564
—, Spanish namo for … 389
HAXA or HAYA, province near Mississippi river … 504, 505, 507
HAYNES, HENRY W., acknowledgments to … 339
—, error of Castañeda corrected by … 501
—, on date of Coronado's departure … 382
—, on identification of Cibola … 389
HEADBANDS of pueblo indians referred to … 549
HEARTS, of animals, use of, as food … 484
HEARTS VALLEY, named by Cabeza de Vaca … 392
—, <i>See</i> CORAZONES.
HEMENWAY, AUGUSTUS, acknowledgments to … 339
HEMENWAY EXPEDITION, bones in collection of … 549
HEMES pueblos … 519, 525
—, visit of Barrionuevo to … 510
—, <i>see</i> JEMEZ.
HENIQUEN FIBER used by pueblo indians … 573
HERBALISTS, <i>see</i> MEDICINE-MEN.
HERNANDEZ, Luis, Spanish soldier, death of … 538
HERRERA, A. DE, on Coronado's visit to Quivira … 509
—, on explorations by Diaz … 406
—, quotation from … 507
HODGE, F.W., acknowledgments to … 339, 599
—, identification of cities of Cibola … 361, 389
—, identification of plains indians … 396
—, on Zuñi name of Acoma … 490
—, on probable identification of Teyas … 524
—, on cotton at Tusayan … 550
—, on pueblo of Matsaki … 517
—, on native names for Taos … 575
HOLMES, W.H., on pueblo pottery … 522
HONDURAS, exploration of, by Alvarado … 352
HOPI, tribal name of indians at Tusayan … 390
—, natal ceremonies of … 517
—, paraphernalia found in graves at Sikyatki … 519
—, tame eagles among … 516
—, use of urine by … 522
—, <i>see</i> MOKI, TUSAYAN.
HORSES, epidemic among, in New Mexico … 536
—, utility of, in new countries … 546
HOUSES, of plains indians … 528
—, <i>see</i> ADOBE.
HUC-ARITZ-PA., <i>see</i> ARISPA.

IBARRA, FRANCISCO DE, mention of … 500 ICAZBALCETA, JOAQUIN GARCIA, acknowledgments to … 339, 413, 568 IDOLATRY among Tahus … 513 IMMIGRATION, early, into New Spain … 374 INCAS, effect of stories of wealth of … 350 INDIA, coast of, connected with America … 513, 526 INFANTADO, DUKE OF, appointment of brother-in-law of … 477 INQUISITION, badge of, described … 507 INTERMARRIAGE, <i>see</i> MARRIAGE. INTERPRETERS, followers of Cabeza de Vaca trained as … 354 ISLAND OF THE MARQUIS, same as Lower California … 351 ISLETA, Coronado's visit to … 492 —, name of Cibola at … 517 ISOPETE, <i>see</i> YSOPETE. ISPA, Indian settlement visited by Coronado … 585 —, <i>see</i> ARISPA.

JACONA, Mendoza's letter from … 551 JARAMILLO, JUAN, on the visit to Quivira … 396 —, translation of narrative of … 584 JEMES pueblos … 525 —, <i>see</i> HEMES. JERONIMO DE SANTISTEBAN, letter of, to Mendoza … 412 JUANA, Queen of Spain … 477 JUAN ALEMAN, name given to pueblo indian … 495 —, treachery of … 498 JUAN DE LA ASUNCION, Franciscan friar in New Spain … 353 JUAN DE LA CRUZ, death of, at Tiguex … 401, 535 JUAN RODRIGUES, ISLA DE, Spanish name for San Miguel … 411 JUEZ DE RESIDENCIA, functions of … 474

KANSAS, Castañeda's description of … 528 —, location of Quivira in … 397, 591 —, <i>see</i> QUIVIRA. KANSAS RIVER crossed by Coronado … 397 KERES pueblo, <i>see</i> QUERES. K´IAKIMA, a pueblo of Cibola … 389 —, legend of Estevan's death at … 361 K´IAPKWAINAKWIN, location of … 358 KILLIKINIK, <i>see</i> TOBACCO. KIVA, Coronado's description of … 558 —, described by Colorado river indians … 405 —, <i>see</i> ESTUFA. KNIVES, stone, of plains indians … 528

LACHIMI RIVER mentioned … 553 —, <i>see</i> YAQUI, YAQUIMI. LAGUNA, pueblo of … 525 LA NATIVIDAD, arrival of Alvarado at … 409 LAND assigned to Spanish settlers … 374 LANGUAGE, diversity of, among plains indians … 582 —, difficulties of interpreting indian … 394 LA PAZ, colony at, under Cortes … 352 LARA, ALONSO MANRIQUE DE, companion of Coronado … 477 LENOX LIBRARY, acknowledgment to … 339, 413 LEON, JUAN DE, copy of evidence made by … 598 LEOPARD, <i>see</i> WILDCAT. LEYVA, FRANCISCO DE, on effect of Marcos' report … 366 LINGUISTICS, <i>see</i> LANGUAGE. LINO, RIO DEL, reference to … 554, 555 LIONS, native American … 517 — in pueblo region … 518 —, mountain, found by Coronado at Cibola … 560 LITTLE VALLEY, settlement of … 515 LLAMA, former habitat of … 549 LOPEZ, DIEGO, appointment of, as captain … 477 —, appointment of, as army-master … 508 —, Samaniego succeeded by … 480 —, horse of, killed at Cibola … 557 —, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496 —, visit of, to Haxa … 505 LOPEZ DE CARDENAS, G., <i>see</i> CARDENAS. LOS MUERTOS, excavations at, in Arizona … 518 LOWER CALIFORNIA, early name of … 351 —, colony in, under Cortes … 351 —, Cortes' colony recalled from … 369 LUCAS, native companion of Padilla … 400, 535 LUIS, a Franciscan friar … 556, 565, 579 LUIS DE ESCALONA, settlement of, at Cicuye … 592 LUIS DE UBEDA remains at Cicuye … 401, 534, 535

MACAQUE, a pueblo settlement … 517
—, <i>see</i> MATSAKI.
MAGO, Opata word for poisonous plant … 538
MAGUEY, use of, for clothing by indians … 569
MAIZE, description of … 518
—, <i>see</i> CORN.
MAKYATA, <i>see</i> MARATA, MATYATA.
MALDONADO, ALONSO DEL CASTILLO, survivor of Narvaez, expedition … 348
MALDONADO, RODRIGO, appointment of, as captain … 477
—, oidor in New Spain … 596
—, visit to seacoast by … 484
—, explores Gulf of California … 392
—, travels of … 474
—, camp of, attacked … 499
—, buffalo skins given to, by indians … 505
—, horse of, injures Coronado … 531
MALLERY, GARRICK, Indian sign language … 504
MALLETS, indian … 498
MALUCO, visit to, by Villalobos … 412
MANRICH, A. DE, horse of, killed at Cibola … 557
MANRIQCE DE LARA, ALONSO, <i>see</i> LARA.
MAP drawn by Coronado … 392
— showing results of Coronado expedition … 403
MARATA, Coronado's account of … 560
— identified with Matyata … 357
—, mention of, by Diaz … 550
MARCO POLO, quotation from … 571
—, stories of, compared with Castañeda … 345
MARCOS, <i>see</i> NIZA.
MARJORAM, native American … 517
—, wild, found by Coronado … 510
—, wild, of great plains … 528
MARKSMANSHIP of indians … 499, 507
MARQUÉS, ISLA DEL, name of, given to Lower California … 486
MARQUIS OF THE VALLEY, title of, given to Cortes … 473
—, <i>see</i> CORTES.
MARRIAGE among the Tahus … 513
— at Cibola … 518, 521
— of settlers favored by government … 374
MARTIN, DOMINGO, soldier with Coronado … 597
MÁTA, a pueblo millstone … 522
MATAKI, a pueblo millstone … 522
MATAPA, a settlement in Sonora … 355
MATS used in housebuilding … 514
MATSAKI, Cibola pueblo, description of … 493
—, ruins of pueblo settlement … 517
— visited by Coronado … 594
MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON, on llama in pueblo country … 549
MATYATA, forioer New Mexican pueblo … 357
MEAL, sacred, use of, at Tusayan … 488
MEDICINE-MEN, authority of … 360
MELAZ, JUAN … 560
MELGOSA, PABLO DE, companion of Coronado … 477
—, wounded at Cibola … 557
—, exploration of Colorado river canyons by … 489
—, adventure of, at Tiguex … 496
MELONS, native American … 516
—, stories of, kept by Indians … 584
MENDIETA, G. DE, cited on work of friars in New Mexico … 401
MENDOZA, ANTONIO DE, Cabeza de Vaca entertained by … 348
—, unsuccessful expedition of, under Dorantes … 349
—, effects of administration of … 350
—, plans of, for exploring expeditions … 352
—, instructions from, for Niza … 354
—, report of, on Niza's discoveries … 363
—, petitions by, for right of conquest … 368
—, endeavors to prevent Cortes' expeditions … 369
—, interference with navigation by … 370
—, right of, to explore confirmed … 373
—, importation of cattle by … 375
—, family of … 376
—, appointment of Coronado by … 474
—, friendship of, for Coronado … 476
—, address to soldiers by … 478
—, instructions of, to avoid trouble with Indians … 496
—, complaints of, regarding arms … 540
—, requests for arms by … 378
—, disappointment of, on Coronado's return … 401
—, investigation ordered by … 596
—, agreement with Alvarado … 409
—, illness of … 551
—, death of … 470
MERCATOR, G., map by, cited … 403
MESA, Spanish soldier, cured by quince juice … 538
MESCALI, native American liquor … 516
MESQUITE, native American fruit … 515
MEXICO, CITY OF, in 1556 … 363, 375
MEXICO, CASPAR DE, native ally of Coronado … 536
MICER POGIO, reference to … 571
MICHOACAN, province in New Spain … 473
—, journey of Mendoza across … 478
MIGRATIONS, extent of, of various tribes … 345
MILLS of pueblo women … 522
MINDELEFF, VICTOR, ground plan of Hawikuh by … 363
—, on pueblo mealing troughs … 522
MISSIONARIES, Spanish, early success of, among Indians … 551
—, Spanish, introduction of fruit by … 550
MISSISSIPPI RIVER described by Castañeda … 529
— described to Coronado … 504
—, description of … 493
—, Menomini name of … 218
—, mention of … 510
—, Narvaez wrecked at mouth of … 347
MISSOURI RIVER mentioned by Castañeda … 529
MIXTON PEÑOL, capture of … 411
— WAR, causes of … 408
MOCCASINS, use of, by pueblo women … 517
MOCHILA, settlement of … 515
MOCHILAGUA, indian settlement of … 515
MOKI, rabbit-hair mantles at … 517
—, name for pueblo settlements at Tusayan … 390
—, <i>see</i> HOPI, TUSAYAN.
MOLINA on name of Chichilticalli … 516
— on meaning of tlauele … 524
MONTCALM, Menomini at fall of … 16
MONTEJO, —, feats of, in Tabasco … 540
MONTEZUMA, <i>see</i> MOTECUHZOMA.
MOONEY, JAMES, on identification of Querechos … 396
MORA RIVER, tributary of the Canadian … 397
MORGAN, LEWIS H., on adobe … 520
MORTAR, substitute for, among pueblo indians … 520
—, <i>see</i> ADOBE.
MOSES, BERNARD, on Casa de Contratacion … 351
MOTA PADILLA, M. DE LA, acknowledgments to … 414
—, historian of New Galicia … 375
—, description of Cibola by … 483
—, on Chichilticalli … 487
—, on Coronado's route from Culiacan … 386
—, on death of Friar Juan … 401
—, on death of Samaniego … 480
—, on discovery of Colorado river … 407
—, on indian giants … 485
—, on stories told by Turk indian … 492
—, on Torre's administration … 474
—, quotations from writings of … 476, 477, 479, 480, 483, 486, 487,
492, 497, 498, 500, 504, 506, 511, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523,
530, 531, 535, 538, 543
MOTECUHZOMA conquered by Cortes … 345
MOTOLINIA, T. DE, correspondence of, with friars accompanying Coronado
… 413
MOUNTAIN GOAT, horns of, seen by Coronado … 387
MOUNTAIN LION, <i>see</i> LION.
MULBERRIES, wild, found by Coronado … 507, 528, 582
MUÑOZ, —, copy of Alvarado's report by … 594
—, documents copied by … 572, 580, 584
MUSIC of Pecos indians … 491
— of pueblo indians … 522, 550, 594
MUTINY of Spanish settlers at San Hieronimo … 502

NAJERA, birthplace of Castañeda … 470
NARVAEZ, PANFILO DE, ordered to conquer Cortes … 345
—, imprisoned in Mexico … 346
—, authority for explorations granted to … 346
—, expedition of … 349
—, loses vessel on voyage from Spain … 346
—, route of expedition of … 347
—, drowned off mouth of Mississippi … 347
—, loss of expedition of … 474
—, expedition, rumors of survivors of, heard by Coronado … 507, 590
NATIVIDAD, departure of Alarcon from … 478
NAVARRETE, —, cited on date of petition of Cortes … 307
NAVARRO, GARCIA, on effect of Marcos' report … 366
NEBRASKA, description of, by Castañeda … 528
—, location of Quivira in … 397
—, description of Quivira … 591
NEEDLE, use of, among Indians … 562
NEGRO slave, Estevan a purchaser of … 348
NEGROES, island of … 545
—, mention of, in New Spain … 348, 379, 402, 406
— with Coronado … 506, 592
—, death of, accompanying Coronado … 555, 564
NEWFOUNDLAND, Spanish name for … 513
NEW GALICIA, conquest of … 372
—, demoralization of Coronado's army in … 401
—, description of … 513
— explored by Nuño de Guzman … 351
—, uprising in, during Mixton war … 408
NEXPA RIVER followed by Coronado … 585
—, identification of … 387
NICHOLAS, the Venetian, quotation from … 571
NIZA, MARCOS DE, visit of, to Cibola … 353
—, career of, in Peru … 354
—, travels of … 474
—, visit of, to seacoast from San Pedro valley … 359
—, experience of, after Estevan's death … 360
—, visit of, to valley containing gold … 362
—, selection of, as provincial of Franciscans … 364, 476
—, effect of report of, in New Spain … 365
—, reports of, investigated by Diaz … 480, 547, 553
—, satisfies doubts raised by Diaz … 384
—, mistakes of, concerning Cibola … 573
—, description of bison by … 543
—, on indian pueblos … 520
—, sermon by … 482
—, return of, to Mexico … 389, 484
NOCHISTLAN, death of Alvarado at … 410
NUÑEZ, PEDRO, on effect of Marcos' report … 366

OATS, wild, of great plains … 528 OAXACA, MARQUÉS DEL VALLE DE, title of, given to Cortes … 473 OBANDO, FRANCISCO DE, killing of, by indians … 499, 500 —, <i>see</i> OVANDO. OJO CALIENTE visited by Alvarado … 594 —, a Zuñi summer village … 358 OLD SOUTH LEAFLET, translation of Coronado's letter in … 552 OÑATE, CHRISTOBAL DE, acting governor of New Galicia … 351 —, Coronado entertained by … 478 —, testimony of … 598 OÑATE, COUNT OF, appointment of nephew of … 477 OÑATE, JUAN DE, reduction of pueblos by … 524 ONORATO, companion of Friar Marcos … 355 OPATA, a tribe of Sonora … 537 —, houses of the … 515 OPUNTIA TUNA. <i>See</i> TUNA. OREGON, coast of, explored by Cabrillo … 411 ORTIZ, survivor of Narvaez' expedition … 348 OTTER in pueblo region … 518 OVANDO, FRANCISCO DE, treatment of, by indians … 522 —, companion of Coronado … 477 —, <i>see</i> OBANDO. OVIEDO Y VALDEZ, G.F. DE, on Corazones … 484 —, on Indian clothing … 515 OWENS, J.G., on Hopi dress … 517 —, on Hopi mealing troughs … 522 OXITIPAR, district of, in New Spain … 472