Chapter XVI: Part TWO: I.--La Naturaleza En La América Latina (7)

=porfiar=, to insist, to persist, to be stubborn.

=pororó=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), pop-corn.

=poroto=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), bean.

=porque=, because, for;
_see_ =por qué=.

=porte=, _m._, deportment;
manner, air.

=porteño, -a= (_Sp. A._), applied to the native of a port, such as Buenos Aires or Valparaiso.

=portero=, _m._, gatekeeper;
usher.

=portón=, _m._, a large door;
(_Sp. A._) carriage and automobile entrance in private residences.

=posar=, to perch, to alight upon.

=poseer=, to hold, to possess, to own.

=postigo=, _m._, the division of a double door or the sash of a window and the wooden shutter which covers it.

=pote=, _m._, _see_ =olla podrida=. _Also_, a nickname applied to a pot-bellied person.

=potencia=, _f._, power;
potency.

=potrero=, _m._, paddock;
pasture ground.

=pozo=, _m._, well.

=práctico=, _m._, marine _or_ river pilot.

=prado=, _m._, lawn, field, meadow;
a piece of pasture ground.

=praticultura=, _f._, the scientific application of agricultural principles to the cultivation of pasture grounds and the breeding of cattle.

=precioso, -a=, beautiful, dainty;
precious.

=preciso, -a=, necessary, requisite, needful.

=predecir=, to foretell.

=predilecto, -a=, the preferred one;
the best loved.

=pregón=, _m._, advertisement by the town crier;
cry.

=prenda=, _f._, a garment or ornament.

=prender=, to catch, to take hold of.

=presa=, _f._, a captive or prisoner;
what has been seized;
dike, dam.

=prescripción=, _f._, order, command, disposition.

=presentación=, _f._, introduction, presentation;
appearance.

=presidio=, _m._, place of confinement;
jail, prison.

=prestar=, to lend;
=---- declaración=, to declare under oath;
_refl._, to lend one's self;
to agree to anything.

=presumir de=, to presume, to boast.

=presunto, -a=, presumptive.

=pretender=, to pretend, to claim, to solicit;
to attempt.

=pretil=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), open space before a church;
stone seat;
railing of a bridge.

=preveo=, _see_ =prever=.

=prever=, to foresee, to foreknow.

=previsión=, _f._, foresight.

=prima=, _f._, government obligation whereby it guarantees the payment of a certain rate per cent on capital invested.

=primaveral=, young, fresh, springlike.

=primor=, _m._, beauty, dexterity, nicety, neatness of workmanship.

=principio=, _m._, beginning;
principle;
=al ----=, at or in the beginning.

=privado, -a=, own, personal, particular.

=procaz=, impudent, bold, saucy, insolent.

=proceder=, to come from, to issue forth;
_m._, method of procedure.

=procedimiento=, _m._, proceedings, action.

=proceso=, _m._, process, action;
=---- jurídico=, legal action.

=procurado, -a=, _here_, specially obtained.

=procurador=, _m._, attorney.

=procurar=, to try, to adopt measures for attaining an end.

=producir=, to produce, to bear;
_refl._, to explain one's self.

=productor=, _m._, producer.

=produjo=, _from_ =producir=.

=profesión=, _f._, declaration, statement;
profession.

=proficuo, -a=, profitable, useful, advantageous.

=profundidad=, _f._, great depth;
complexity.

=profundo, -a=, deep, profound.

=prolongar=, to extend, to continue, to prolong.

=prontitud=, _f._, promptness, celerity, dispatch.

=pronto, -a=, quick;
ready.

=propicio, -a=, propitious, kind, favorable.

=propiedad=, _f._, property, possession;
right or rights.

=propietario=, _m._, owner, proprietor.

=propio=, _m._, one's own;
those belonging to one's own family, friends or country.

=propio, -a=, own, personal;
proper, appropriate;
original, genuine, precise;
=con sus propias manos=, with his (or her) own hands.

=proponerse=, _refl._, to resolve, to determine, to mean.

=proporcionar=, to afford, to furnish, to supply.

=propósito=, _m._, purpose, design, intention;
=a ----=, for the purpose, fit for, by-the-bye.

=proseguir=, to proceed.

=prosista=, _m._, author who writes in prose.

=prosternarse=, _refl._, to prostrate or abase one's self.

=proteger=, to protect, to favor, to foment, to back.

=protegido, -a=, favorite, protégé.

=protervo, -a=, stubborn, perverse.

=provecho=, _m._, profit;
=con ----=, profitably.

=provechoso, -a=, profitable, improving.

=proveedor=, _m._, purveyor.

=proveer=, to provide, to procure beforehand, to supply;
_refl._, to provide one's self, to store up.

=proverbio=, _m._, saying, old saw, proverb.

=providencia=, _f._, good judgment, foresightedness.

=provincia=, _f._, state, province;
one of the divisions of a country.

=provincial=, pertaining to the province;
rustic, countrified.

=provisionalmente=, temporarily, meanwhile, provisionally.

=provisto, -a=, supplied, provided.

=prudentemente=, discreetly.

=prueba=, _f._, proof, test;
sign;
experiment;
=a ---- de incendio=, fire-proof.

=puchero=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), _see_ =olla podrida=.

=pueblano=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), one coming from the city.

=pueblero=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), _see_ =pueblano=.

=pueblo=, _m._, population, inhabitants, people;
=---- bajo=, populace.

=puerta-cancela=, _f._, front-door grating or screen, in Spanish houses.

=puerto=, _m._, port, entrance.

=pues=, then, therefore, inasmuch as, since, sure, surely, certainly,
well, then;
=¿y ----?= well, and what of that?
=---- sí= (_iron._), yes indeed!
=¿---- y que?= why not? what else? what then?
=¡---- qué!= why! =---- bien=, well;
=acérquese ----=, come nearer then, _or_ well, come nearer.

=puesto=, _m._, shop or place where anything is exposed for sale at retail department; market.

=¡puf!= an exclamation expressing the unpleasant sensation of a bad smell.

=pujanza=, _f._, power, might, strength, push.

=pulpería=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), a country grocery store and bar.

=pulular=, to swarm, to be alive with.

=puma=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), mountain lion, a species of wildcat or panther.

=puntilla=, _f._, a narrow lace edging.

=punto=, _m._, point;
=a ---- de=, on the point of;
=---- menos=, a trifle smaller;
=a buen ----=, opportunely;
=al ----=, at once;
=al ---- que=, at the time;
=por ---- general=, as a rule;
=a ---- fijo=, exactly;
=estar en su ----= (_Culinary_), done;
stitch;
=de ----=, knitted or crocheted.

=puntualidad=, _f._, promptness, punctuality;
precision.

=punzante=, pricking, sharp.

=punzar=, to prick, to puncture, to grieve.

=purificar=, to refine, to clear, to purify.

=puro=, _m._, a cigar.

=purpúreo, -a=, purple.

=que=, which, that, who;
=lo ----=, that which, what;
for, than, as;
=tener ----=, to have to, must;
=de ----=, of the fact that.

=quebracho=, _m._, a South American hardwood tree.

=quebrada=, _f._, ravine, a deep pass.

=quebradón=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), _see_ =quebrada=.

=quedar=, to remain;
=quedarse con=, to prefer.

=quejarse=, _refl._, to complain of, to grumble.

=quemar=, to burn;
to clear.

=quemazón=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), sale at which goods are sold very cheap.

=quena=, _f._, a musical instrument used by the Bolivian and Peruvian Indians.

=querer=, to love.

=quetzal=, _m._, a trogon of Mexico and Guatemala having golden green plumage.

=quevedos=, _m. pl._, _pince-nez_.

=quiebra= (_Sp. A._), possessed of all the qualities a _gaucho_ admires.

=quien=, who, whom, he who, him who;
=---- ... ----=, some ... some, (the) one ... (the) other.

=quina=, _f._, cinchona, quinine.

=quincallería=, _f._, hardware store and trade.

=quincha=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), humming-bird.

=quinoa=, _f._, a South American plant.

=quintuplicar=, to multiply by five.

=quizás=, perhaps, possibly, in case of.

=rábano=, _m._, radish.

=rabia=, _f._, anger, rage.

=rabioso, -a=, furious, choleric, raging, fierce.

=racimo=, _m._, bunch of grapes.

=ración=, _f._, ration, food for one meal.

=ráfaga=, _f._, a violent gust of wind.

=ralo, -a=, thin, tenuous, not compact.

=rallado, -a=, grated, powdered.

=rallar=, to grate, to reduce to a paste or to powder.

=ramal=, _m._, anything springing from another;
branch, division;
offset.

=ramificado, -a=, branched, divided.

=ramificar=, to branch, to divide.

=rancho=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), farm, ranch;
native hut.

=rango=, _m._, rank, quality.

=rapadura=, _f._ (=raspadura=) (_Sp. A._), brown sugar.

=rápsode=, _m._, rhapsodist;
poet.

=raro, -a=, unusual, rare;
widely apart or separated.

=raso, -a=, smooth;
=bala ----=, smooth-bore bullet.

=rascar=, to scratch, to scrape.

=rasgar=, to tear _or_ cut asunder.

=rasgo=, _m._, magnanimous deed;
trait.

=rasguear=, to strum on the guitar.

=rastacuerismo=, _m._, parade, vain show: _from rastaquouère_, a nickname given in France to the ostentatious newly rich.

=rastra=, _f._, harrow, an agricultural instrument.

=rastreador=, _m._, expert in trailing the footprints of another.

=rastro=, _m._, trace, vestige.

=raudal=, _m._, plenty, abundance;
a torrent.

=real=, _m._, a Spanish coin originally worth 12-1/2 cents,
equivalent to the old Californian "bit";
a name given in some S. A. countries to the ten-cent piece;
real;
royal, grand.

=rebajar=, to rebate.

=rebaño=, _m._, flock of sheep.

=rebotar=, to rebound.

=recado=, _m._, regards, friendly greeting;
(_Sp. A._), saddle used in country districts.

=recaer=, to devolve upon.

=recargo=, _m._, a surcharge, an increase in cost.

=receta=, _f._, recipe;
prescription.

=recibir=, to receive;
to welcome.

=recibo=, _m._, receipt;
signed bill;
=acusar ----=, to acknowledge receipt.

=recién=, recently, lately;
_used before participles instead of_ =reciente=;
=----llegado=, =---- venido=, newly arrived.

=recinto=, _m._, enclosure.

=recipiente=, _m._, receptacle;
recipient.

=recitar=, to recite, to declaim.

=reclamar=, to claim.

=reclamo=, _m._, call, allurement, enticement.

=recodo=, _m._, a turn in a road or street.

=recoger=, to gather together, to collect;
to receive;
=---- un vale=, to take up a note;
_refl._, to gather one's forces together.

=recogimiento=, _m._, retirement;
removed from worldly concerns.

=recolección=, _f._, compilation, summary;
gathering, crop, harvest;
the collecting of money or taxes;
retirement.

=recomendable=, commendable, laudable.

=recompensa=, _f._, reward, compensation.

=reconocer=, to scan, to inspect, to recognize;
to comprehend;
to own, to admit, to sanction.

=recontar=, to recount;
to relate.

=recorrer=, to renew, to examine, to survey.

=recorrido=, _m._, line, distance _or_ space run over _or_ through.

=recto, -a=, just, upright.

=recuerdito=, _m._, _dim. of_ =recuerdo=.

=recuerdo=, _m._, remembrance;
keepsake, token.

=rechazar=, to repel, to repulse, to drive back, to impel in opposite direction.

=rechinar=, to crack, to hurtle; to grind;
=---- los dientes=, to grate.

=red=, _f._, net; network.

=redactor=, _m._, one of the editorial staff of a newspaper or journal.

=rededor=, _m._, environs.

=redoble=, _m._, a double drum-beat, "ruffle."

=reducirse=, _refl._, to revolve upon; to be reduced.

=reembolsar=, to reimburse, to recover money advanced.

=refacción=, _f._, refreshment, refection.

=refinería=, _f._, refinery.

=reflexionar=, to reconsider, to scan closely, to judge;
to reflect upon.

=refrán=, _m._, proverb, well-known saying.

=refrendar=, to legalize, to counter-sign, to visé, to authorize.

=refresco=, _m._, a refreshing beverage or drink.

=refriega=, _f._, skirmish, encounter, scuffle.

=refrigerante=, cooling, refrigerative;
_m._ (_Chem._), refrigerator.

=regadío=, _m._, irrigation.

=regalo=, _m._, convenience, repose, comfort, luxury;
a gift.

=regatear=, to bargain, to haggle over prices.

=regente=, _m._, manager, director.

=registrar=, to inspect, to search.

=registro civil=, _m._, a government office in certain Latin American countries where civil marriage is performed; Bureau of Vital Statistics.

=regla=, _f._, rule, custom, usage;
ruler;
ferule.

=regocijo=, _m._, joy, pleasure, satisfaction, mirth, merriment.

=regordete, -a=, a short and stout person.

=regresar=, to return, to go back.

=rehusar=, to refuse, to reject, to spurn.

=reja=, _f._, grating;
railing;
grillwork;
=---- de arado=, plowshare.

=relacionado, -a=, connected with, related to.

=relincho=, _m._, whinnying of a horse.

=reluciente=, shining.

=relleno, -a=, filled, stuffed;
refilled;
_m._, fillings.

=remate=, _m._, auction sale.

=remedar=, to mock, to imitate, to mimic.

=remendar=, to patch, to mend;
to correct.

=remero, -a=, rower, paddler;
=club ----=, rowing club.

=remesa=, _f._, a shipment of goods;
a remittance of money.

=remolcador=, _m._, a steam tugboat.

=remolinear=, to whirl about, to gyrate.

=remontar=, to navigate up stream.

=rendido, -a=, worn out.

=rendimiento=, _m._, yield.

=rendir culto=, to revere, to worship.

=renta=, _f._, rent, profit, income.

=reparaciones=, _f. pl._, critical observations or remarks;
notes;
adverse criticism.

=reparo=, _m._, doubt, objection, difficulty.

=repartición=, _f._, distribution, allotment.

=reparto=, _m._, the list of persons in a play;
dramatis personæ.

=repasar=, to review, to retrace, to repass.

=repavimento=, _m._, paving in general;
the paving between street-car tracks.

=repente, de ----=, suddenly.

=repertorio=, _m._, repertoire;
stock in trade;
program.

=repisa=, _f._, bracket;
=---- de la chimenea=, mantelpiece.

=replicar=, to duplicate; to repeat.

=repliegue=, _m._, the act of falling back (_Mil._).

=repollo=, _m._, cabbage.

=reponer=, to redress, to restore;
to replace;
_refl._, to recover;
to rehabilitate.

=reportaje=, _m._, interview.

=reposado, -a=, quiet, peaceful.

=repostería=, _f._, confectioner's _or_ pastry cook's shop.

=representar=, to perform, to play, to take the part of (_Theat._).

=reprise=, _f._ (_French_), repetition.

=repuesto=, _m._, =de ----=, supply for replenishment purposes.

=requerir=, to require, to demand;
to insist.

=res=, _f._, a cow or a bull.

=resabios=, _m. pl._, old vices;
deeply-rooted habits.

=resaltar=, to be clearly evident, to stand out in relief.

=resbalar=, to slip, to slide.

=rescoldo=, _m._, embers, hot ashes, cinders.

=reserva=, _f._, reserve funds;
=---- federal=, gold reserve in the Federal Treasury;
stock, supply.

=resfriadera=, _f._, receptacles for cooling used in sugar mills.

=resguardar=, to preserve, to defend.

=resignación=, _f._, submission.

=resina=, _f._, rosin.

=resolver=, to solve.

=resonar=, to resound, to ring, to echo.

=resorte=, _m._, spring;
a resilient object;
cause, medium, means.

=responsabilidad=, _f._, liability.

=retemblar=, to tremble, to shake repeatedly, to vibrate.

=retemplarse=, _refl._, to acquire fresh vigor.

=retrete=, _m._, water-closet.

=revestido, -a=, covered, coated, dressed.

=revestir=, to reclothe, to cover, to coat.

=revista=, _f._, review;
extravaganza.

=revocar=, to plaster, to whitewash;
to revoke.

=revolar=, _see_ =revolotear=.

=revolotear=, to flutter, to fly hither and thither.

=riachuelo=, _m._, small river.

=ribete=, _m._, ribbon or tape sewed to the edge of cloth;
reinforcement;
pretensions;
_hence_ ribete de =filarmónico=, pretensions toward artistry.

=riego=, _m._, _see_ =regadío=.

=riel=, _m._, railroad track.

=riesgo=, _m._, danger, risk.

=riña=, _f._, quarrel, fight;
=---- de gallos=, cockfight.

=riqueza=, _f._, wealth.

=risotada=, _f._, loud laugh.

=rizado, -a=, curled, crimped.

=rizar=, to curl, to crimp;
to flute.

=rocalloso, -a=, rocky.

=rocío=, _m._, dew;
a sprinkling.

=rodillo=, _m._, roller.

=roldana=, _f._, pulley, wheel.

=rollo=, _m._, roll;
=---- de alambre=, roll of wire for fencing.

=romper=, to break, to shatter;
to dash against.

=roncar=, to snore.

=ronco, -a=, hoarse.

=ronda=, _f._, rounds;
=hacer la ----=, to go the rounds.

=ropero=, _m._, wardrobe.

=rosca=, _f._, anything shaped like a screw;
=---- de maíz=, a round twisted corn-cake.

=roseta=, _f._, anything shaped like a rose;
(_Sp. A._) pop-corn ball.

=rosicler=, _m._, a bright rose-color.

=rosqueta=, _f._, _see_ =rosca=.

=roto, -a=, broken, shattered, torn; _m._, a ragged man; "=roto chileno=," a term applied to a man of the laboring class in Chile in memory of the ragged Chilian troops who were victorious in the war with Perú.

=rozar=, to brush against, to touch.

=roznar=, to grind hard things with the teeth (_said of animals_); to bray.

=rueda=, _f._, the pit in the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange.

=rugiente=, roaring.

=rumbear= (_Sp. A._), to head for, to steer for.

=rumbo=, _m._, direction, route, way.

=ruso, -a=, Russian.

=ruta=, _f._, route, itinerary.

=saber=, to know;
=a ----=, _viz._, to wit, that is, namely.

=sabido, -a=, known, learned.

=sable=, _m._, sabre, cutlass.

=sacaritecnia=, _f._, the scientific study of sugar production.

=sacerdocio=, _m._, priesthood, ministry.

=saco=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), coat.

=sacudida=, _f._, shaking;
the act of shaking off.

=sainete=, _m._, a farce, a short dramatic composition.

=saladero=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a meat-packing house.

=salchichonería=, _f._, shop where sausages are sold or made.

=saldo=, _m._, balance.

=salida=, _f._, departure;
expenditure, outlay;
=género de mucha ----=, merchandise which sells well.

=salpicado, -a=, bespattered.

=salpicar=, to bespatter, to daub.

=salsifí=, _m._, oyster plant.

=salto=, _m._, leap, bound;
=---- de agua=, waterfall.

=salvar=, to cover distance, to reach;
to save.

=sanear=, to drain, to make sanitary;
to heal.

=sangrar=, to tap (_a tree_), to bleed.

=sangre=, _f._, blood;
tapping, bleeding.

=sangriento, -a=, bloody, cruel.

=sanidad=, _f._, health, hygiene;
=oficina de la ----=, Board of Health.

=sanitario=, sanitary; =departamento ----=, the place where bath-room and sanitary fixtures are sold.

=sano, -a=, healthy, wholesome.

=santiaguino, -a=, native _or_ resident of Santiago de Chile;
relating to Santiago.

=santiamén, en un ----=, very quickly, in a jiffy.

=santo, día del ----= (_Sp. A._), birthday or Saint's day.

=sañudo, -a=, furious, enraged.

=sartal=, _m._, a string of flowers, beads _or_ other decorative object.

=satisfacer=, to pay in full.

=sauce=, _m._, willow-tree.

=secretaría=, _f._, secretary's office.

=seda=, _f._, silk.

=sedentario, -a=, native, indigenous (_Zoöl._).

=segadora=, _f._, a reaper _or_ harvesting-machine.

=seguir=, to follow, to pursue.

=según=, according to, as.

=seguro, -a=, secure, free from danger, easy, assumed, confident;
firm;
=estar ---- de=, to be sure of, to depend upon a thing;
_m._, insurance;
=póliza de ----=, insurance policy;
=---- sobre la vida=, life insurance;
=---- contra incendios=, fire insurance;
=---- contra accidentes=, accident insurance.

=seleccionar=, to select, to choose.

=selva=, _f._, forest.

=selvático, -a=, _from_ =selva=;
pertaining to a forest.

=sello=, _m._, seal;
=---- de correo=, postage stamp.

=sembrado=, _m._, ground sown with grain.

=sembradora=, _f._, seeder, a machine for sowing seeds.

=sencillo, -a=, plain, single;
=línea ----=, one-track line.

=sendero=, _m._, path, footpath.

=seno=, _m._, bosom, breast;
security, support, asylum, refuge.

=sentar=, to plant a blow.

=señalado, -a=, famous, celebrated, distinguished.

=señorona=, _f._ (_Coll._), great lady.

=sequía=, _f._, dryness, drought.

=séquito=, _m._, retinue, suite.

=sereno=, _m._, night policeman _or_ watchman.

=serio=, solemn, serious;
rude, cold.

=servicio=, _m._, servants taken collectively;
=entrada para el ----=, delivery entrance.

=servidor=, _m._, servant, waiter.

=servidumbre=, _f._, servitude, slavery;
servants of a house.

=serrano=, _m._, mountaineer, highlander.

=sesos=, _m. pl._, brain.

=sí=, yes;
=---- por cierto=, certainly;
=por=
=---- o por no=, by chance;
=un ---- es no es=, something.

=sí=, himself, herself, itself, yourself, one's self, themselves, yourselves;
=de por ----=, apart, separated.

=si=, if, whether;
=---- acaso=, by chance;
=---- bien=, although.

=siembra=, _f._, seedtime, planting time.

=sierra=, _f._, the mountain region in some of the Spanish American countries.

=siesta=, _f._, the hottest part of the day;
a noonday nap.

=siga=, _from_ =seguir=.

=silbido=, _m._, whistling.

=silenciar=, to impose silence.

=silla de hamaca=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), rocking-chair.

=sillón=, _m._, a large armchair.

=sima=, _f._, abyss, gulf.

=simón=, _m._, name applied to cabs and cab drivers.

=simpático, -a=, attractive, lovable, showing a fellow-feeling;
sympathetic.

=simple=, simple, single, plain;
mere.

=sin=, without;
=---- qué ni para qué=, without cause;
=---- embargo=, notwithstanding, however.

=sincerarse=, _refl._, to excuse, vindicate or justify one's self.

=siniestro, -a=, left (_as opposed to right_).

=sinnúmero=, innumerable.

=sino=, but;
=no ... ----=, only.

=siquiera=, at least, though, although, or;
scarcely;
otherwise.

=sitio=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), farm, lot, location.

=sobra, de ----=, over and above;
superfluously.

=sobradamente=, abundantly, excessively.

=sobrar=, over and above, to be more than enough.

=sobre=, on, upon, over;
above;
besides;
_m._, envelope.

=sobrentendido=, _m._, what is understood though not expressed.

=sobrepujar=, to excel, to surpass, to exceed.

=sobresalir=, to exceed in height, to overtop, to surpass.

=sobresaltado, -a=, startled, scared, terrified.

=sobresaltar=, to terrify, to frighten, to startle.

=sobreviviente=, _m._, survivor.

=¡socorro!= Help!

=solar=, _m._, city lot.

=soltar=, to yield, to give up, to render;
to release, to set free.

=solterón, -ona=, old bachelor;
old maid.

=sollozante=, sobbing.

=sollozar=, to sob.

=somero, -a=, superficial, shallow.

=someter=, to be subject to, to submit.

=sopanda=, _f._, brace, one of the leather thongs which support the body of a coach.

=soplo=, _m._, advice given secretly;
suggestion, reminiscence;
gentle breeze.

=sopor=, _m._, drowsiness, sleepiness.

=soportar=, to withstand, to bear.

=sortija=, _f._, a finger-ring;
=corrida de ----=, a game on horseback in which each player
tries to secure on
his lance the greatest number of metal rings (suspended
from a bar) as he rides by at full speed.

=soslayar= (_Sp. A._), to move obliquely aside.

=soslayo, de ----=, sideways.

=sostener=, to maintain, to support;
to affirm.

=sostenido, -a=, sustained, maintained, supported.

=sota=, under;
=---- cochero=, under coachman;
_f._, jack, knave;
deputy;
a subordinate worker.

=sotreta=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), an old or vicious horse;
an idle, good-for-nothing person.

=suave=, smooth;
soft;
delicate, mellow.

=suaza=, _m._, grade of Panama hat.

=suba=, _f._, rise;
lift.

=subasta=, _f._, auction.

=súbito=, sudden.

=subsistir=, to exist;
to live.

=subterráneo=, _m._, subway;
underground;
cellar.

=sucedáneo, -a=, applied to an object or substance which can be substituted for another.

=sucio, -a=, dirty, nasty, filthy.

=sucursal=, _f._, branch;
agency.

=sueldo=, _m._, wages, salary.

=suerte=, _f._, chance, lot, luck;
fate;
kind, sort, species;
manner, mode, way.

=sugerente=, suggesting.

=suizo, -a=, Swiss.

=sujetar=, to subdue, to reduce to submission;
to fasten.

=sujeto, -a=, subdued;
fastened.

=supeditado, -a=, oppressed, overpowered.

=supeditar=, to subdue, to control;
to oppress.

=superar=, to surpass, to excel.

=superlirismo=, _m._, _see_ =lírico=.

=superponer=, to superimpose;
to put over.

=surcar=, to surge, to pass through a liquid;
to plow, to furrow.

=surgir=, to come forth, to appear, to rise.

=surtido=, _m._, assortment, stock.

=surtidor=, _m._, jet of water;
hydrant, tap.

=surtirse=, to supply one's self.

=surubí=, _m._, a species of fish.

=suspender=, to hang, to stop, to delay.

=suspendido, -a=, hung;
stopped, delayed.

=taba=, _f._, ankle bone;
astragalus.

=tabaco=, _m._, tobacco;
=---- de hoja=, leaf tobacco;
=---- cortado=, shredded tobacco;
=---- picadura al grano=, grain tobacco;
=---- hebra=, tobacco in fiber.

=taburete=, _m._, footstool, small bench.

=taco=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), heel-piece of a shoe.

=tacha=, _f._, fault, defect, imperfection, blemish.

=tacho=, _m._, caldron;
=---- al vacío=, vacuum pan.

=tajada=, _f._, slice, cut.

=tal=, such, such a;
=un ----=, a certain;
=con ---- que=, provided that;
=---- vez=, perhaps;
=¿qué ----?= how?;
=sí, ----=, yes, indeed.

=talega=, _f._, a wide, short sack.

=taleguita=, _f._, _dim. of_ =talega=.

=taller=, _m._, workshop, office, laboratory.

=tallo=, _m._, stem which bears leaves, sprout, shoot.

=tamal=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a small flat cake _or_ croquette made of grated corn, filled with minced meat or other eatables, and either boiled or baked in the husk of corn.

=tambo=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), dairy, cow-stable;
inn.

=tamboril=, _m._, tambourine.

=tampoco=, as little, neither, nor ... either;
=ni ... ----=, not ... either, nor ... either.

=tan=, so, so much, as well, as much;
=---- así es=, it is so much so.

=tango=, _m._, a dance which originated in the River Plate region.

=tanque=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), vat, large trough, tank.

=tanto, -a=, as much, so much;
=---- que=, as much as;
=---- como=, as much as;
=en ---- que=, while;
=---- uno como otro=, both one and the other;
=algún ----=, a little;
=en ----, entre ----=, in the meanwhile;
=por lo ----=, for the same reason, therefore;
=---- cuanto=, as much as;
=---- por ciento=, percentage.

=tañido=, _m._, a clinking _or_ metallic sound.

=tapete=, _m._, a small carpet _or_ rug.

=tapicero=, _m._, one who makes tapestry or works with it;
a paper hanger; an upholsterer.

=tapiz=, _m._, tapestry; covering.

=taquígrafo=, _m._, stenographer.

=tarea=, _f._, task, work.

=tarima=, _f._, movable platform.

=tartamudo, -a=, stammerer.

=tasación=, _f._, valuation, appraisement.

=tasajo=, _m._, jerked beef.

=taura=, _m._, _gaucho word meaning_ accomplished in manly sports.

=tazón=, _m._, a large bowl or basin.

=tejer=, to weave cloth or other substance.

=tejido=, _m._, textile, woven goods.

=telar=, _m._, loom.

=temperamento=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), climate;
temperament.

=templa=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), boiled down juice of the sugar cane.

=temple=, _m._, temper given to metals;
temperature.

=temporada=, _f._, the opera or play season;
season.

=tenazas=, _f._, tongs;
large pincers.

=tenca=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), Chilean bird;
tench.

=tender=, to spread or stretch, to make up (_the bed_);
to hang;
to tend.

=tenedor=, _m._, holder;
bookkeeper;
fork.

=tenoriada=, _f._, amorous adventure or escapade. (_The allusion is to the amorous hero of the play "Don Juan Tenorio."_)

=tenso, -a=, stretched.

=tentar=, to tempt;
to attempt, to try: to prove, to sound.

=teñir=, to dye.

=tequiche=, _m._, a very popular sweet in the Spanish West Indies.

=tererere=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), an infusion of _yerba mate_ in cold water.

=terneza=, _f._, tenderness, softness, affection.

=tero=, _m._, _see_ =terutero=.

=terrestre=, relating to land, terrestrial.

=terriblez=, _f._, terribleness;
asperity, cruelty.

=terruño=, _m._, piece of ground;
(_Coll._) one's native land.

=tertulia=, _f._, circle of friends, coterie, set;
seat in a theater.

=terutero=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a river bird whose cry resembles its name.

=tesorería=, _f._, treasury, exchequer, treasurer's office.

=testarudo, -a=, obstinate, stubborn.

=testigo=, _m. and f._, witness.

=tétrico, -a=, gloomy, sullen.

=tez=, _f._, skin.

=tibio, -a=, lukewarm, tepid.

=tiempo=, _m._, time;
=en un ----=, once upon a time.

=tierra=, _f._, land, the earth;
=---- caliente= (_in tropical Sp. A._), lowlands;
=---- adentro=, inland.

=tijeras=, _f. pl._, scissors;
=---- de rizar=, curling irons or tongs.

=timbre=, _m._, seal, bell provided with a spring;
tone-color of the voice or instruments;
crest of a coat of arms;
_hence_, any glorious deed or achievement.

=tina=, _f._, bathtub.

=tinaja=, _f._, a large earthen jar.

=tino=, _m._, skill, knack, dexterity;
common sense.

=tintorería=, _f._, dye shop, dyer's.

=tiple=, _m._, treble, the highest musical register of instruments or voices;
a musical instrument.

=tirar=, to throw;
to tend toward, to approach.

=tiritar=, to shiver, to shake.

=tiro=, _m._, a span of coach horses or mules;
(_Sp. A._) a shot.

=tirón=, _m._, =de un ----=, at a stroke.

=tironear=, to pull, to haul, to tug.

=tiroteo=, _m._, irregular discharge of firearms.

=tiste=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a beverage resembling chocolate made of corn, cocoa and sugar; also made with corn flour, _achiote_ and sugar.

=titilante=, sparkling, flashing.

=título=, _m._, title (_of a book_), deed (_of property_);
_pl._, securities.

=tizón=, _m._, half burnt or charred wood.

=toca=, _f._, a hood, toque.

=tocador=, _m._, a lady's dressing table.

=tocante=, as to, in reference to.

=todo, -a=, all, every;
all, everything;
=---- el día=, all day;
=con ----eso=, notwithstanding, however;
=en un ----=, together, in all its parts;
=del ----=, entirely, quite;
=sobre ----=, principally, specially;
=---- el mundo=, everybody.

=toldo=, _m._, awning.

=toma-corriente=, _m._, plug, used in connecting and breaking an electric current.

=tonada=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), a popular tune or song;
singsong inflection or accent.

=tonelada=, _f._, ton;
=---- métrica=, one thousand kilograms.

=tonelería=, _f._, cooperage.

=tono=, _m._, deportment, manner;
social category.

=toqueres=, _m. pl._ (_Sp. A._), sweet made from corn.

=toquilla=, _f._, the plant which produces the fiber from which Panama hats are made.

=torbellino=, _m._, whirlwind, cyclone.

=torcaz=, _f._, a species of wild pigeon.

=tormentoso, -a=, stormy.

=tornasolado, -a=, changing colors or hue.

=torneo=, _m._, tournament, contest.

=torno, en ---- de=, roundabout.

=toronja=, _f._, grape-fruit.

=torpe=, dull, stupid, rude.

=torrefacción=, _f._, act of roasting.

=torta=, _f._, a round cake.

=tortilla=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), a baked cake made of grated corn.

=tórtola=, _f._, turtle-dove.

=tostado, -a=, tanned;
of a light-brown color.

=tostar=, to roast (_coffee beans_), to toast.

=totora=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), cat-tail, bulrush.

=tournée=, f. (_French_), trip;
theatrical tour.

=tragar=, to swallow.

=trago=, _m._, draught of liquor, a swallow.

=tramway=, _m._, street-car tracks (_an Anglicism much used in Sp. A._).

=transcurrir=, to elapse, to pass (_time_).

=transeunte=, transient, temporary, changing from place to place;
_m._, a passer-by.

=transferir=, to transfer, to carry over, to shift.

=transitable=, that which may be passed;
relating to transit.

=tranvía=, _m._, street-car.

=trapecio=, _m._, trapezium, trapeze.

=trapiche=, _m._, place where sugar-cane is crushed, sugar mill.

=traqueteo=, _m._, shaking, jolting.

=trasbordar=, to transship.

=trasiego=, _m._, the decanting of liquors.

=trasijado, -a=, lank, meager;
thin flanked.

=trasladar=, to move, to remove, to transport.

=trasquilar=, to shear sheep.

=trastornar=, to overthrow, to upset;
to confuse.

=tratarse=, _refl._, to become acquainted, to have social intercourse.

=trato=, _m._, manner, address;
dealing, intercourse;
trade, traffic.

=travesía=, _f._, road, journey, voyage;
(_Sp. A._) journey by land, especially over a desert.

=travesura=, _f._, practical joke, prank, mischief, trick.

=trazado=, _m._, plan of the railroad or street-car lines.

=trecho=, _m._, distance;
gap.

=trenzarse=, _refl._, to grasp each other when fighting, to clinch.

=trepador, -a=, climbing.

=tribuna= _f._, stand, platform.

=tricromía=, _f._, three-color work, printing in three colors.

=trigal=, _m._, wheat-field.

=trillado, -a=, thrashed.

=trilladora=, _f._, threshing machine.

=trillar=, to thrash (_Agri._).

=trinchera=, _f._, trench.

=tripa=, _f._, the inside part, filling;
=---- de cigarro=, cigar filler.

=tripulación=, _f._, crew.

=triste=, _m._, a gaucho folk-song.

=tristeza=, _f._, sadness.

=trocar=, to exchange;
=----se los papeles=, to turn the tables, to exchange rôles.

=trova=, _f._, verse, ballad, metrical composition.

=trozo=, _m._, piece or part of a thing; excerpt.

=trucha=, _f._, trout.

=tualeta=, _f._ (_from French, toilette_), the outer garments, as a whole, of a girl or woman; costume, dress; =hacer la ----=, to dress.

=tuesta=, _from_ =tostar=.

=tul=, _m._, tulle.

=turba=, _f._, crowd, confused multitude.

=turbar=, to disturb, to roil;
to alarm, to confuse.

=turbión=, _m._, hurricane;
violent concussion.

=tazado, -a=, clipped;
shorn.

=tuzar= (_Sp. A._), to clip the horse's mane.

=ubre=, _f._, udder.

=ufano, -a=, proud, haughty, arrogant.

=ulpo=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), porridge made of ground parched corn mixed with water.

=umbrío=, _m._, a shady place;
shade.

=umbroso=, -a, shady, umbrageous.

=Unión=, _f._, =la ----=, the United States.

=uno, -a=, one;
=---- a ----=, =---- por ----=, one by one;
=---- a otro=, one another, reciprocally;
=---- que otro=, a few;
=---- tras otro=, one after the other.

=usanza=, _f._, usage, custom.

=usina=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), (_from the French usine_), power house.

=útil=, useful;
_m._, utensil.

=utilidad=, _f._, benefit, profit.

=uva=, _f._, grape.

=vacío, -a=, empty;
void.

=vagar=, to wander or loiter about;
to range;
to be idle.

=vaho=, _m._, vapor;
light fog.

=vajilla=, _f._, porcelain or china table service.

=valentía=, _f._, "spunk," energy;
imagination, uncommon dexterity.

=valor=, _m._, worth, value;
=---- en prenda=, the amount for which an article is pledged or pawned.

=valla=, _f._, barrier.

=vaquería=, _f._, dairy.

=vaquero=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), cowboy, cowherd;
dairyman.

=váquira=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), peccary.

=vara=, _f._, a non-metric linear measure equivalent to three feet or about 34 inches.

=varar=, to run aground.

=vasco, -a=, Basque.

=vástago=, _m._, stem, bud, offshoot;
descendant, offspring.

=vecino, -a=, neighbor;
inhabitant.

=vega=, _f._, an open plain;
a tract
level, fruitful ground;
(_Sp. A._) a tobacco field.

=vegetar=, to live in inertness or obscurity.

=vela=, _f._, vigil, watch.

=velador=, _m._, night table, bedside stand.

=velay= (_Sp. A._), behold! look! here it is!

=velorio=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), the old custom of "watching" by the body of a decedent; wake.

=vellón=, _m._, fleece, one sheep's wool.

=venal=, mercenary;
venal.

=vendar=, to blindfold;
to hoodwink.

=vendimia=, _f._, vintage.

=venia=, _f._, salutation with the head.

=venir=, to come, to draw near.

=ventisquero=, _m._, glacier.

=ver=, to see;
=no tener que ----=, to have nothing to do with.

=verbigracia=, for example, for instance.

=verbo=, _m._, word;
verb.

=verde=, _m._, unripe, green, immature.

=verdura=, _f._, green groceries, fresh vegetables.

=vereda=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), sidewalk;
foot-path.

=verja=, _f._, grating, railing.

=vermut=, _m._, vermuth, a liquor distilled from white wine and absinthe.

=versado=, =-a=, versed, conversant, skilled.

=versatilidad=, _f._, variability;
adaptability;
inconstancy.

=vertiente=, _f._, spring, source.

=vestimenta=, _f._, clothes, garments, vestments.

=veta=, _f._, vein of ore.

=vetustez=, _f._, antiquity.

=vez=, _f._, time;
=a la ----=, at the same time;
=a la ---- que=, as well as;
=en ----=, instead of;
=tal ----=, perhaps;
=tal cual ----=, seldom;
=de ---- en cuando=, from time to time;
=a su ----=, on his _or_ her _or_ its turn;
=a veces=, sometimes;
=pocas veces=, seldom.

=viable=, livable;
transmissible.

=vía férrea=, _f._, railroad.

=viajero=, _m._, traveler;
wayfarer.

=vicuña=, _f._, a South American mammal and ruminant animal, allied to the _llama_.

=vid=, _f._, grapevine.

=vidalita=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), folk-song.

=vidente=, _m._, visionary, prophet.

=vidrios de color=, _m. pl._, stained glass.

=vientos alisios=, _m. pl._, trade winds.

=vigilia=, _f._, the act of being wide awake, or on the watch.

=vilmente=, vilely.

=villorrio=, _m._, small village.

=vínculo=, _m._, tie, link, chain.

=vinicultura=, _f._, the scientific study of wine-making.

=viniendo=, coming, becoming, approaching.

=viñedo=, _m._, vineyard.

=virrey=, _m._, viceroy.

=visado=, countersigned.

=visar=, to scan, to look closely; to approve, to O. K.

=visillo=, _m._, a small window or peep-hole.

=visto bueno=, _m._, approved, correct; in manuscript _V_º _Bº_ set after a draft, order, permit, license, account, etc. in public offices means, "The preceding document has been examined and found to be correct."

=vistoso, -a=, beautiful, delightful;
tasteful.

=vitrina=, _f._, glass showcase.

=viuda=, _f._, widow;
a South American bird.

=vivaz=, lively, active.

=vivienda=, _f._, dwelling, house, apartment, lodging.

=vivo=, =-a=, lively, alert, wide awake.

=vocerío=, _m._, clamor, outcry.

=vocero=, _m._, one who advocates or is the sponsor for an idea;
backer.

=volanta=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), any light carriage well hung on good springs.

=votar=, to vote (_as, an appropriation by Congress_).

=voz=, _f._, word, part of speech.

=vuelo=, _m._, flight;
elevation of style, discourse or workmanship.

=warrant=, _m._, _English word used in Sp. A. to mean_ duplicate copy of a certificate covering the deposit of goods in certain custom-houses or in bond.

=ya=, already, now;
=---- no=, no longer, no more;
=---- que=, since, seeing that.

=yacimiento=, _m._, vein of ore, deposit.

=yanqui=, _m._, pertaining to a native of or to the United States of America.

=yaravi=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), folk-song native to Chile, Perú, Bolivia and Colombia.

=yedra=, _f._, ivy.

=yegua=, _f._, mare.

=yerba=, _f._, grass, weed;
(_Sp. A._) =---- mate=, Paraguayan tea.

=yeso=, _m._, plaster of Paris.

=yuca=, _f._, yucca (_Bot._), sometimes called Spanish bayonet.

=yugada=, _f._, amount of ground which a yoke of oxen can plow in a day.

=yugo=, _m._, yoke;
oppression;
authority.

=yunga=, _f._, name given in Bolivia to the hot region of the northeast where the famous _yungas_ coffee is grown.

=zafra=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), the amount of sugar-cane ground from any one crop;
by extension, the result of any industrial effort covering an entire season.

=zaga=, _f._, the back of a carriage or a diligence, the rumble.

=zagalejo=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a fine red cloth petticoat embroidered with spangles.

=zaguán=, _m._, porch, entrance, hall.

=zamacueca=, _f._, a popular dance in Chile and Perú.

=zambito=, _m._, _dim. of_ =zambo=.

=zambo=, _m._, a. species of monkey.

=zambullir=, to dive.

=zapallo=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), pumpkin, squash.

=zapateo=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a dance in which the measure is kept by beating or shuffling the feet on the floor (_Spanish_, =zapateado=).

=zapote=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), sapote tree, sapodilla and its fruit.

=zarandeado, -a=, stirred.

=zarandear=, to stir, to move nimbly.

=zarigüeya=, _f._, weasel.

=zarzuela=, _f._, a dramatic performance of alternate declamation and singing.

=zócalo=, _m._, socle (_Arch._);
plaza or square.

=zorrino=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), skunk.

=zorro=, _m._, fox.

=zótano=, _m._, basement;
cave.

=zumbar=, to buzz, to hum.

=zumbido=, _m._, humming, a continued buzzing sound.

=zumo=, _m._, sap, juice, liquor.

=zum-zum=, _m._, a species of _colibrí_ or humming-bird.

=zurubí= _or_ =surubí=, _m._, a South American fish.

=zutano=, _m._, what's-his-name, so-and-so;
_a word which, like_ =fulano=, _is used to designate a person whose
name is not known to the speaker or which he does not care to mention_.