Chapter CXLVII: Part III: Journey Southward Through Eastern Provinces of (3)

“In childhood the Andamanese are possessed of a bright intelligence, which, however, soon reaches its climax, and the adult may be compared in this respect with the civilised child of ten or twelve. He has never had any sort of agriculture, nor until the English taught him the use of dogs did he ever domesticate any kind of animal or bird, nor did he teach himself to turn turtle or to use hook and line in fishing. He cannot count, and all his ideas are hazy, inaccurate, and ill-defined. He has never developed unaided any idea of drawing or making a tally or record for any purpose, but he readily understands a sketch or plan when shown him. He soon becomes mentally tired, and is apt to break down physically under mental training.

“He retains throughout life the main characteristics of the child: of very short but strong memory, suspicious of but hospitable to strangers, ungrateful, imitative and watchful of his companions and neighbours, vain, and under the spur of vanity industrious and persevering, teachable up to a quickly reached limit, fond of undefined games and practical jokes, too happy and careless to be affected in temperament by his superstitions, too careless indeed to store water even for a voyage, plucky but not courageous, reckless only from ignorance or from inappreciation of danger, selfish but not without generosity, chivalry or a sense of honour, petulant, hasty of temper, entirely irresponsible and childish in action in his wrath, and equally quick to forget, affectionate, lively in his movements, and exceedingly taking in his moments of good temper. At these times the Andamanese are gentle and pleasant to each other, considerate to the aged, the weakly or the helpless, and to captives, kind to their wives and proud of their children, whom they often over-pet; but when angered, cruel, jealous, treacherous and vindictive, and always unstable. They are bright and merry companions, talkative, inquisitive and restless, busy in their own pursuits, keen sportsmen and naturally independent, absorbed in the chase from sheer love of it and other physical occupations, and not lustful, indecent, or indecently abusive.

“As the years advance they are apt to become intractable, masterful, and quarrelsome. A people to like but not to trust. Exceedingly conservative and bound up in ancestral custom, not amenable to civilisation, all the teachings of years bestowed upon some of them having introduced no abstract ideas among the tribesmen, and changed no habit in practical matters affecting comfort, health, and mode of life. Irresponsibility is a characteristic, though instances of a keen sense of responsibility are not wanting. Several Andamanese can take charge of the steering of a large steam launch through dangerous channels, exercising then caution, daring, and skill though not to an European extent, and the present (1901) dynamo-man of the electric lighting on Ross Island is an Andamanese, while the wire-man is a Nicobarese, both of whom exhibit the liveliest sense of their responsibilities, though retaining a deep-rooted and unconquerable fear of the dynamo and wires when at work. The Nicobarese shows, as is to be expected, the higher order of intellect. Another Andamanese was used by Portman for years as an accountant and kept his accounts in English accurately and well.

“The intelligence of the women is good, though not as a rule equal to that of the men. In old age, however, they frequently exhibit a considerable mental capacity which is respected. Several women trained in a former local Mission Orphanage from early childhood have shown much mental aptitude and capacity, the ‘savagery’ in them, however, only dying down as they grew older. They can read and write well, understand and speak English correctly, have acquired European habits completely, and possess much shrewdness and common sense: one has herself taught her Andamanese husband, the dynamo-man above mentioned, to read and write English and induced him to join the Government House Press as a compositor. She writes a well-expressed and correctly-spelt letter in English, and has a shrewd notion of the value of money. Such women, when the instability of youth is past, make good ‘ayas,’ as their menkind make good waiters at table.

“The highest general type of intelligence yet noticed is in the Jarawa tribe.”

P. 310. _The name Andaman_.—To my mind the modern Andaman is the Malay Handuman = Hanuman, representing “monkey” or savage aboriginal antagonist of the Aryans = also the Rakshasa. Individuals of the race, when seen in the streets of Calcutta in 1883, were at once recognised as Rakshasas. It may amuse you to know that the Andamanese returned the compliment, and to them all Orientals are Chauga or Ancestral Ghosts, _i.e._, demons (see _Census Report_, pp. 44–45 for reasons). I agree with you that Angamanain is an Arabic dual, the Great and the Little Andaman. To a voyager who did not land, the North, Middle, and South Andaman would appear as one great island, whereas the strait separating these three islands from the Little Andaman would be quite distinctly seen.

P. 311. _Cannibalism_.—The charge of cannibalism is entirely untrue. I quote here my paragraph as to how it arose (_Census Report_, p. 48).

“The charge of cannibalism seems to have arisen from three observations of the old mariners. The Andamanese attacked and murdered without provocation every stranger they could on his landing; they burnt his body (as they did in fact that of every enemy); and they had weird all-night dances round fires. Combine these three observations with the unprovoked murder of one of themselves, and the fear aroused by such occurrences in a far land in ignorant mariners’ minds, century after century, and a persistent charge of cannibalism is almost certain to be the result.”

The real reason for the Andamanese taking and killing every stranger that they could was that for centuries the Malays had used the islands as one of their pirate bases, and had made a practice of capturing the inhabitants to sell as slaves in the Peninsula and Siam.

P. 311. _Navigation_.—It is true that they do not quit their own coasts in canoes, and I have always doubted the truth of the assertions that any of them ever found their way to any Nicobar island.

Andamanese men go naked, but the only Andamanese women that I have ever seen entirely naked in their own jungles are of the inland tribe of Jarawas.

R. C. TEMPLE.

_Nov._ 29, 1919.

INDEX

Names of Persons in CAPITAL Letters.—Subject Names in =thick=
Letters.—Title of Books in _italics_.

Aas (The Alans), 95
Ab-i-Panja, 38
ABRAHAM, 94
ACHMED, 6, 7, 8
Acre, 4
ADAM of Bremen, 110
Aden, 124
Afghanistan, 20, 24, 33, 112
Africa, 19, 20, 21
AGHRUKJI, 68
Agror, 22, 24
AHMED, 6, 7, 8
AHMED SHIBAB EDDIN, 71
AIBUGA, 92
_Ain-i-Akbari_, 105
AI-YA-CH’IH, 68
Aksu, 39
A-KUO, 85, 88
A-LA-HAN, 103
Alans, 95–96
A-LA-PU-TAN, 95
Alashan, 62
A-LA-WA-TING, 95
ALBIRUNI, 41
ALFARIC, P., 112
AL FAKHRI, 17
=Aloes=, 105, 125
A-lo-sz’, 129
A-lu, 108
AMAR, E., 17
Amb, 24
=Ambergris=, 121, 124, 125
Amoy, 108
=A-nan=, 115
Andaman, 109, 144 _seq._
Angamanain, 109
=An-hsi-hsiang=, 125
=An-si-tsio=, 122
Antwerp, 134
Arabia, 19, 20
Arakan, 87
ARANZADI, Telesforo de, 86
=Arbre sec=, =arbre seul=, =arbre sol=, 31
ARGHÚN KHAN, 5, 8
=Arhat=, 8, 9, 10, 11
A-R-HUN, 8
Ariora, 22, 24
=Ärkägün=, 62, 94
Arménie, 24
Arnawal, 24, 36
Arsacie, 18
ARSLAN, 95
Aru, 108
ASEDIN SOLDAN, 22
Ashreth, 24
Asia Minor, 20
Asiot, 20
Asmar, 23, 24
A-TA-HAI, 103
Atyugrapura, 24
AVICENNE, 105
AYMONIER, 119
AZOO, R. F., 69

Badakhshan, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42
Badghis, 32
Baghdad, 5, 17
Bahabad, 28, 29, 30
Bahārak, 38
Baikal, 61
Bajistan, 30
Bājkatta, 36
BAKHSH, Maula, 21
Balkh, 33
Baltistán, 42
Baluchi, 29
Baluchistan, 29
Balur, 42, 43
Baluristán, 42
Bamian, 112
Barbary, 20
BARBOSA, 116
Bargu, Lake, 61
Barguchin, 61
Bargut, 61
=Bark of Trees=, 70, 71
_Barlaam_, 111
Baroghil, 41
BARROS, 107
Bashgol, 22, 23
Bastra, 17
Baudas, 17
BEAL, 106
BEAZLEY, C. R., 137, 141
BEHA ED-DIN AYAZ SEYFIN, 24
Belucha, 28, 29
Bend i-Turkestan, 33
BENT, Theo., 122
Bentam, 105
=Benzoin=, 125
Berbera, 122, 123
Be Tūmah, 105
=Beyamini=, 83
Bhamo, 87
BHUWANEKA BAHU I., 111
—— BAHU II., 111
Binshi Pass, 24
Bintang, 106
BLĀGDEN, C. O., 104
=Blows, Scale of=, 60
BOLOD, 8
Bolor, 34, 42
BOUSSAC, H., 69
BOWREY, 145
BRANDT, Otto St., 137
BRETSCHNEIDER, E., 4, 25, 56, 70, 75, 81, 82, 95, 123, 130
BROWN, Dr. Robert, 20
BRUCE, C. D., 141
=Buckram=, 80–81
BUDDHA, 10
Bujnurd, 21
Buner, 22, 24
Burch, 28, 29
BÜRCK, 137
=Burkhan=, 111
Burma, 85, 87–90
BUSHELL, S. W., 63, 67

CABATON, Ant., 119
Cachar Modun, 70
CAIN, John, 86, 87
Caiju, 93
Cail, 118
Caindu, 81, 82, 83
Cairo, 20
Cala Ataperistan, 18
Calamina, 118
Calicut, 125
Camadi, 21
Cambalu, 7
Cambodia, 115
=Camel crane=, 122
=Camelot=, 83
=Camels=, 17
=Camphor=, 114
Campichu, 52
Camul, 51
Canal, Grand, 91–93
Canton, 8, 31
Cape of Good Hope, 20
=Cape Sheep=, 20
Caraonas, 21
=Cardamom=, 114
Caroline Islands, 31
CARPINI, Plano, John of, 109
Casem, 34
Cashmeer, 36
Caspienne, 105
Caswin, 18
_Cathay_, 114
CATHERINE of COURTENAY, 11
Caugigu, 90
Ceylon, 110, 111, 112
Chagan jang, 68
Chagan nor, 6
CHAGATAÏ, 21, 22
Chah Khushab, 26
Chah Kuru, 26
Cha-i-beluch, 29
Chakdara, 36
Chakmak, Lake, 39
Chamba, Champa, 103, 104
CHANDE, 121
Changan, 96
Ch’ang Chau, Ch’angchou, 96, 100
Ch’ang lu, 91
=Chan tao=, 78
Charchan, 44, 46, 47, 48
CHARDIN, A., 139
Charklik, 47, 49
CHARLES de VALOIS, 11
Chasma Sufid, 29
Chau Chi, 76
CHAU JU-KWA, 17, 19, 25, 104, 107, 109, 110, 112, 115, 116, 118–125,
142
CHAVANNES, Ed., 73, 74, 76, 77, 106
Che Ch’an, 48
=Cheeta=, 69
Chehel Pai, 26
Chen Ch’ao, 96
Cherchen, 44; _see_ Charchan
Chichiklik Pass, 39
Chi Chou, 92
=Chien-tao=, 78
Chih-li, 91, 92
Chingintalas, 51
CHINGIZ KHAN, 7, 21, 32, 54, 57, 60
=Ch’ing siang=, 73
CHIN KIN, 68
=Chinuchi=, 69
CHI-PI T’IE-MU-R, 82
_Chi p’u_, 71
Chira, 45, 46
Chitral, 22, 24, 35, 42
=Ch’ö-k’ü=, 109
_Chou Shu_, 58
=Christians=, 62
Chuan sha, 97
_Chu fan chí_; _see_ CHAU JU-KWA
Ch’ui lan, 108
Chu lién, 112
Ch’ung K’ing, 79
Chung li, 121
CHUN YUEN, 49
Ciang lu, 91
=Cloves=, 114
=Coats of Mail=, 58 _seq._
Coilum, 119
Cophene, 19
CORDIER, H., 6, 7, 11, 39, 40, 136, 142
Coromandel Coast, 112
COSQUIN, Em., 112
COTES, Everard, 10
=Cotton=, 118, 120
=Couvade=, 85–86
=Cowries=, 82
CRAWFURD, 106
ÇRI PARAMEÇVARA, 107
=Cunichí=, 69, 70
=Cycle=, 73, 74
=Cypress= of ZOROASTER, 31
Cyprus, 81, 83

DAHLMANN, J., 116
Dambadenia, 111
Darbana, 26
Darband, 26, 36
=Dardic=, 23
=Darugachi=, 6
=Dates=, 17, 114
DEFRÉMERY, 17
Delhi, 22
DENNYS, N. B., 9, 106
DENUCÉ, J., 134
DERENBOURG, H., 136
=Deva-dāsī=, 115
DEVÉRIA, G., 77, 82, 95
=Diet= of the Gulf People, 25
Digargand, 38
Dilivar, 22
Dir, 22, 24, 35, 36
=Dirakht i sol=, 31
Djambi, 107
Djur djān, 105
=Dog-headed Barbarians=, 109–110
Dogana, 34
Dolonor, 6
DOMINICK, St., 25
=Dragon’s blood=, 125
DUDGEON, J., 75
=Dúdhá=, 30, 31
Dufar, 125
Duhuk, 26, 27, 28
DULAURIER, 110
DUTREUIL DE RHINS, 45

EDWARD, King, 4
EDRISI, 104
Egypt, 19, 20, 21
=Elephants’ tusks=, 124
ELIAS, Ney, 21, 42
ELLIOTT, Sir Walter, 113
Endereh, 45
Eptals, 34
_Eracles_, 4
Erukalavandlu, 86
Escurial, 136
Esher, 125
ESSEN TEMUR, 68
Etzina, 53, 54

Faeul la, 108
Fahanunch, 28, 29
Fa li la, 108
Fa li lang, 108
Fandaraina, 119
=Fang pu=, 118
FANG TS’IEN-LI, 86
_Fan kuo chi_, 19
FAN WEN-HU, 103
=Fat-tailed sheep=, 19
FELLOWS, 21
FERGUSON, Donald, 24, 25
FERGUSON, John C., 141
Ferlec, 108
FERRAND, Gabriel, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 123, 124, 142
FERRIER, 32
Firuz Kuh, 33
FLEET, J. F., 41, 111, 117
Florence, 135
Fong Joen hien, 91
Foochow, 98, 100
FORSYTH, Sir D. T., 50
Fou ning hien, 91
FRANCISQUE-MICHEL, 17, 18, 81, 83
=Frankincense=, 125
FRASER, 32
FRIEDMANN, Ed., 13
Fuh lin, 25
FUJITA, 114
Fu Kien, 98

Gabar Castle, 18
Galcha, 39
GAUBIL, 57
GENGIS KHAN; _see_ CHINGIZ KHAN
GEORGE, Prince, 62
GERINI, Col., 105, 109, 144
GÉUKJU, 68
Gez, Defile, 39, 40
GHIASUDDIN, 22
GILES, H. A., 79, 140
Gilgit, 42
GILL, Capt., 84, 95
=Ginger=, 120
=Giraffes=, 123, 124, 125
Glasgow, 133
=Goblins=, 48
God, 28
God Hashtaki, 29
God-i-shah-taghi, 28, 29
Goëz, Benedict, 40
Goklán Turkomans, 21
=Gold=, coins, 125;
native, 124;
value of, 72–73
GONDOPHERNES, 117
Gozurat, 116, 120
GRAY, Archdeacon, 9
Great Desert, 48, 49
=Great Wall=, 57
GREGORY X., 4
GRENARD, F., 45
GRIERSON, Sir George, 23
GROENEVELDT, W. P., 107
Gurgán, 21
Gurun, 62
Guzerat, 116, 120

Ha ch’a mu touen, 70
Hadhramaut, 125
HAJI SUMUTRABHŪMI, 107
Ha-la T’u, 57
HALLBERG, Ivar, 141
Hami, 19, 51
Han chung, 78
Hang Chau, 11, 93, 96, 97
HAN LIN-EUL, 8
Han mo, 45
HA PI CH’I, 92
HARLEZ, C. de, 63
Harmuz; _see_ Hormuz
Hasanábad, 26
Hata, 81
Hauz-i-Haji-Ramazan, 27
HAYAM WURUK, 105
Hazāra, 22, 24, 36
HEDIN, Sven, 26, 32, 46, 49, 141
HEIKEL, 58
Hei Shui, 53, 55
=Hei tiao=, 69
Herat, 32
HERODOTUS, 20
HETHUM, King, 110
HEYD, W., 5
Hia, 61
Hia lah, 18
HIEN FUNG, 73
=Hien yang=, 19
HIERSEMANN, Karl W., 137
Hindu Kush, 23, 35, 43
HIRTH, F., 19, 90, 109, 112, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 142
_Hist. litt. de la France_, 4, 143
HIUAN TSANG, 34, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47
Hiu Heng, 74
Hiung Nu, 41, 58
HOANG, P., 73, 92
Ho Kien, 91
HOLM, Frits V., 76, 77
Ho Nan, 31
Ho Ni, 85
Hormos; _see_ Hormuz
Hormuz, 5, 24, 25
=Horses=, 114
HO SE-HUI, 75
Ho sim, 34
HO T’IEN-TSIO, 85
Ho ts’z mi, 34
_Hou Han shu_, 122
HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, 31, 141
Hsen-wi, 89
Hsien nü miao, 94
Hsi hsia, 54
Hsin Chin Hsien, 78
HUBER, Ed., 85, 87, 88, 90
Hu Chou, 96
HUET, 18
Hui jen, 89
_Hui kiang chi_, 72
HUKAJI, 68
HULAGU, 95
=Humang=, 25
Hu Nan, 6
=Hung Fu=, 96
HUNG TS’A-KIU, 103
=Hunting Leopard=, 69
HUNTINGTON, E., 45, 46, 49, 141
Hunza, 39, 42
Hu Peh, 6
HUSSOT, 51
HU TU, 88
=Hu yang=, 19

IBN AL BAYTAR, 105
IBN BÂBAWAIH, 112
IBN BATUTA, 120
IBN KUSTRAJIM, 69
=Indigo=, 120
Indo-Scythy, 19
INDRAVARMAN VI., 103
Indus, 22, 23, 24, 36, 41
Irrawaddy, 90
Ishkáshm, 37, 38
Islands, Male and Female, 120
Ismaelites, 32
IVANOV, 55
=Ivory=, 107

JACK, R. Logan, 79, 80, 85
JACKSON, A. W. W., 18, 141
=Jade=, 46
Japan, 119
=Japanese War=, 103
Jatah, 21
JAYA SINHAVARMAN, 103
Jhelam, 22, 24, 36
JOANNO DOS SANCTOS, 121
JOHNSON, 44
JOSAPHAT, 111
Jou jan, 3, 63
=Ju hiang=, 125

Kabul, 23, 42
Kachins, 85
Kademgah, 33
Kafchi kué, 90
Kafir Valley, 23
Kafiristan, 23, 35, 42
Kafirs, 22
Kai, 36
Ka-i-lêh, 118
Kain, 26, 33
K’ai p’ing fu, 6
Kal’ah-i Atashparastān, 18
Kam chau, 53; _see_ Kan chau
Kam pei, 108
Kan Chau, 4, 53, 54, 62
K’ANG HI, 31, 73
Kang ngai, 85
KANG YU-CHI, 60
Kan pai, 108
Kan Su, 53, 54, 76
Kao ch’ang, 44, 45, 76
Kao ch’ê, 58
KAO HSIEN-CHIH, 41
Kao yu, 94
Kapisa, 36
Karajang, 68, 84, 95
Kara Khitai, 56
Kara Khodja, 75
Kara Khoto, 53, 54, 55
Karakorum, 54, 95
Kara Kul, 39
Kara Shahr, 48
Karáwánás, 21
Kárnás, 21
Kasanna, 41
Kashan, 5, 18
Kashgar, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 50
K’a shi mih, 36
Kashmir, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 42
Kätäk, 48
Kaungsi, 85
Kaung sin, 87
Kaveripattanam, 112
Kayal, 118
Keirabad, 29, 56
Kenan, 45, 46
Keriya, 44, 45
Kerman, 5, 24, 26, 27, 28, 56
Kerulen, 57
=Keshikten=, 69
Keshimur, 36
Kevir, 27, 29, 30
Khanfu, 98
KHANIKOFF, 32
=Khakhan=, 3, 4
Khan Balig, 94
Khara Khoto; _see_ Kara Khoto
Kheirabad, 29, 56
Khitán, 14, 93
Khorasan, 5, 21, 33
Khori, 61
Khotan, 4, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 72
Khoten; _see_ Khotan
Khudafrin, 29
Khumdan, 77
=Khurma=, 25
Kiang si, 97
Kiao chi kwe, 90
Kia yu kwan, 52
Kieh sha, 41
Kieh shwang na, 41
Kien ch’ang, 82
Kien Kang, 79
K’IEN LUNG, 73
Kien tu, 81, 82, 83
K’ié t’ai, 48
KI HAN, 119
Kila Panja, 38
K’i lien, 57
K’i lien shan, 57
=K’i lin=, 124
KIN, 56, 60
King Shan, 68
KINGSMILL, T. W., 94
King tchao fu, 77
Ki ning, 75
Kin Kargalai, 36
Kinsay, 96, 97, 98
=Ki pe=, 118
=Ki pu=, 118
KIRSTE, John, 48
Kisi, 17
_Kitab u’l-Bazyarah_, 69
_K’i-t’ah-t’êh Pu-ha_, 32
K’itan, 14, 94
Kiu chen, 119
Kiung tu, 83
KLAPROTH, 72, 110
KLOSS, 144
Koh Tralàch, 104
Koko Nor, 62
Ko-ku-lo, 118
_Ko-pu-che-ma_, 118
Korano, 24
Košano, 24
Kou kuo, 109
K’ou wai, 62
KOZLOFF, Col., 53, 54, 55
KRETSCHMER, K., 137
_Kuang yü hsing shêng_, 93
_Kuang yü t’u_, 97
Kuba Sabz, 56
KÚBLÁI, 5, 6, 34, 68, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95
Kubunán, 26; _see_ Kuh-benan
Kuche, 4, 19
_Kudatku Bilik_, 14
Kuh-benan, Kuh Banan, 26, 27, 28, 30
Ku li, 125
=K’u lu ma=, 25
K’u lun, 62
KUMAGUSU MINAKATA, 49, 50, 59
Kunar, 23, 24, 36
KUNICKE, Hugo, 85
Kúnkú, 67
K’un lun ts’öng ti, 122
Kurit, 28, 29
Kurun, 62
Kwa Chau, 93
Kwang Chau, 98
Kwei Chau, 86
K’WEI T’ENG, 79

Lahawar, 22
Lahore, 22
Lambri, 109
La meng, 89
Landjun, 73
Langar Kisht, 38
LANGLOIS, C. V., 4
Langszi, 86
Laṅkāçoka, 104
Lankhabalus, 145
Lan wu li, 109
Lao, 86
LAUFER, B., 8 _et seq._, 10, 20, 55, 58, 61, 69, 70, 75, 76, 81, 83,
84, 98, 111, 119, 142
=Lawáki=, 105
LEARY, Mrs. George, 77
LE COQ, 111
_Lei pien_, 89
LEMKE, Hans, 137
LEO AFRICANUS, 19, 20, 21
=Leopards=, 69, 125
LEVI, C. A., 140
LÉVI, Sylvain, 117
_Liang Shu_, 109
LIAO, 56
Li Chou, 82
Lien-yün, 41
Ligor, 105
Ling pei, 95
_Ling-wai-tai-ta_, 122
Ling ya ssi kia, 104
Lin Ngan, 94, 96
LI T’AN, 92
LITTON, 89
Livar, 22
Loan tcheou, 91
Lob Nor, 44, 47, 48, 49, 62
Locac, 104
Lo-ch’a, 108, 109
Lochac, 109
=Lo-han=, 8, 9, 10, 11
Lo hing man, 109
Lo lan, 112
Lo lo, 81
Lop; _see_ Lob Nor
Lopou, 47
Lo t’ing-hien, 91
LOUIS, St., 4
Loulan, 45, 47
LOUREIRO, J. de, 119
Lovek, 105
Lowarai, 24
LOWES, J. L., 140
Luang Prabang, 90
Lu kü River, 57
Lulan, 45, 47
Lumghán, 42
Lut, 5, 26, 28

Maabar, 114, 115
MACKINDER, H. J., 137
MADROLLE, C., 9
Maga, 29
Magadha, 99
=Magi=, 18
Mahratta, 115
Mājapāhit, 105
Malabar, 118, 119
Malacca, 107
Ma-la-hi, 32
Malaiur, 105
=Malaria=, 84
Malaya, 105
Malayu, 107
Malāyur, 107
Ma lo pa, 125
Maluir, 105
MAN, E. H., 144
Mána, 21
Mandal Pass, 23
MANGALAI, 68
MANG-KU-TAI, 81
MANGU, 95
MANSUR KHÁN, 42
=Manuscripts of Marco Polo=, 135–136
Man Waing, 85
Mao Shan, 108, 109
=Mare’s Milk=, 63
MARQUART, J., 77, 110
=Marriage=, 58
=Marriage of the Dead=, 58–60
MAR SARGHIS, 96
MARSDEN, W., 22, 138
_Masálak al Absár_, 73
MASEFIELD, John, 138
MASPERO, G., 90, 103
MASPERO, H., 13
Mastūj, 39
MAS’UD, 24
MA TUAN-LIN, 48, 112
MAURO, Fra, 13
MAYERS, W. F., 9, 79, 139
Mazār-tapa, 38
MEDLYCOTT, A. E., 116
Mekrit, 61
Melibar, 80
Mescript, 61
Meshed, 21, 32, 33
MICHELANT, H., 4
Mien, Mien Kwé, 87, 88
MINAKATA, KUMAGUSU, 49, 50, 59
MING, 71, 73, 82, 94
_Ming Shi_, 8
MIRZA HAÏDAR, 21, 42
=Mi t’ang tsiu=, 119
Moghu, 28
Moghul, 21
MOHAMMED I. Dirhem Kub, 24
MONTE CORVINO, JOHN de, 62
MONG CH’ANG, 80
MONG CHI-SIANG, 80
MONGEZ, 17
Mongols, 24
MONTALTO DE JESUS, C. A., 9
MORLEY, Henry, 138
MORRISON, R., 73
MOSTAS’IM, 17
=Mongol Imperial Family=, 68–69
MOULE, A. C., 91, 92, 93, 96, 143
MOULE, G. E., 139
Mu bu pa, 78
MUHAMMAD, 25
Mu hu pa, 78
Muh Pang, 89
=Muh pieh tzŭ=, 125
Mukden, 68
Mu-la-i, 32
Mu lan p’i, 19
Mu-lei, 32
MÜLLER, F. W. K., 18
MÜLLER, Max, 77, 86
=Mu mién=, 118
Murābit, 19
Murgab, 33
Muzart, 49
Muztāgh-Ata, 39, 40
Muzzaffarabad, 24
Myin Saing, 88
=Myrobolans=, 120
=Myrrh=, 125

=Nac=, 17
_Nan fang ts’ao mi chuang_, 119
Na-fo-po, 45, 47
=Naft=, 30
Nafún, 103
Nagar, 42
_Nāgarakretāgama_, 105, 106
Naiband, Naibend, 26, 27, 28, 30
Negapatam, 113, 114
Necuveran, 108
Naïn, 18
=Nakh=, 17
Nam hkam, 85
Nam Ti, 85, 87, 88
Nan Chao, 86
Nan King, 79
Nan p’i, 118, 119
Nan Shan, 52
_Nan Shi_, 109, 110
Nan Sung, 90
Nan tien, 90
NARASĪHAPATI, 87, 88
Narcondam, 147
=Nasich=, 17
NASR ED-DIN, 87, 88
=Nassit=, 17
NAYAN, 67
Nga-çaung-khyam, 87, 88, 90
Nga Singu, 90
Ngan chen kue, 90
Ngan tung, 93
NGAO-LA-HAN, 94
NICHOLAS, Alan Prince, 95
Nicobar, 108, 109, 144 _seq._
NIGŪDAR, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36
Nilus, 20
Ning Yuan, 81, 82, 83
Nipon, 103
Nishapur, 32, 33
Niu Wang, 89
Niya, 45, 46, 47, 48
NOGODAR, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36
NONE, 37
Nüchen, 57
Nu-fa, 125
Nuksán Pass, 35
NUMUGAN, 68
=Nuntuh=, 62
Nuremberg, 136
=Nutuk=, 62

O’CONNELL, Col., 113
ODORIC, 5, 18, 94, 133, 134
OELJAITU, 5
OGDAI, OKKODAI, 79, 95
OLDENBOURG, S. d’, 112
OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN, 32
OLIVIERI, Dante, 137
OLOPUN, 76
=Ondanique=, 19
Öngut, 62
Ormus; _see_ Hormuz
Oros, 129
=Ostriches=, 125
OTTEWILL, H. A., 85, 89, 90
Ouigour; _see_ Uighúr
=Oxen= of Tibet, Wild, 83
Oxus, 23, 37, 38, 41

PACHATURUNZA, 25
Pagan, 87, 88
_Pagan Yazawin_, 87
=P’ai tzŭ=, 67
Palembang, 106, 107
=Palladius=, 51, 52, 57, 81, 139
Pálor, 42
Pamier, 38; _see_ Pamir
Pamir, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40
PANDITA PRAKRAMA BAHU II., 111
Panjkora River, 22, 35
Panjkora Valley, 24
Panjshir Valley, 23, 35
Pan-shê, 36
Panyál, 42
=Pao=, 95
Paonano Pao, 41
Pao tch’e hien, 91
=Paper Money=, 71–72
Paris, 134
PARKER, E. H., 4, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 25, 31, 32, 34, 36, 41, 42, 45,
51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 67, 73, 78, 79, 86, 89, 91, 94, 95,
99, 100, 103, 118, 119, 130, 140
Paropamisus, 33
Pashai, 3, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36
Pashai-Dir, 22
Pa tan, 114
Pa ta shan, 34
=Pa tsz=, 82
PAUTHIER, 5, 6, 7, 8, 22
=Pearls=, 107, 114, 118
PEGOLOTTI, 13
_Peh Shi_, 99
Pein, 44, 45, 46
PELLIOT, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, 24, 48, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62,
63, 67, 70, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 83, 84, 85, 92, 94, 96, 98, 104,
106, 107, 108, 114, 120, 142
Pentam, 105
_Pen ts’ao kang mu_, 25, 75, 123
=Pepper=, 120
PERI, N., 94
Persia, 5, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 33
=Persian=, knowledge of, 74
Peshawar, 22
PÉTIS DE LA CROIX, 60
PETIT, Joseph, 11, 139
=Petroleum=, 30
=Pharaoh’s rat=, 58
PHILIP the Fair, 11
PHILIPPS, W. R., 116, 118
PHILLIPS, G., 108, 109
PHILLOTT, Col. D. C., 69
PHILOSTRATE, 17
P’iao tien, 85
Pie-li-la, 108
P’i mo, 44, 45, 46
=Pin Iron=, 19
=Pin t’ieh=, 19
Pi p’a lo, 122, 123
PIPINO, F., 133
Pir Moral, 29
=Pisaca languages=, 23
Pi ssï lo, 17
POH LO, 6, 7
Poh lo, 34
POLO, Marco, Notes, 3; Statue at Canton, 8 _seq._; MSS., 133 _seq._
PO-LO, 8
=P’öng birds=, 122
=Po sze tao=, 25
Po Yi, 85
POZDNEIEV, A,, 13
PRAKAMA BAHU III., 111
PRAPAÑCA, 105
PRJEVALSKY, 49
Pudenum, 28
Puh hai, 93
PUH-LAN HI, 7
PUH-LO, 5, 6, 7
PUH-LO HI, 7
PUH-LO KADEI, 7
PULAD Chinsang, 8
Pulau Kundur, 104
Pulo Condor, 104
Pumpkin Island, 104
Punjab, 35
PURCHAS, 122

Qamul, 51
Qara Khodja; _see_ Kara Khodja
QUINTE-CURCE, 17

RADLOFF, W., 61, 111
=Rāmjani=, 115
=Ramme=, African, 19
RAMSTEDT, 24
RAMUSIO, 3, 6
RASHID UD-DIN, 8, 90, 145
Rávar, 26
RAWLINSON, G., 20
RAYNAUD, G., 4
REID, Gilbert, 141
Reobarles, 19, 21
Rezu, 29
=Rhinoceros=, 107
Rhio Strait, 106
=Rhubarb=, 52
Riāu, 106
RICHTHOFEN, 49
Rizab, 28
ROBERT d’Artois, 11
ROCKHILL, W. W., 3, 19, 55, 56, 90, 109, 110, 112, 115, 119, 121,
122, 124, 125, 142
ROKN ED-DIN MAHMUD III. KALHATY, 24
Ross, E. D., 42
RUBRUCK, G. de, 109, 110
RUGE, S., 139
=Rukh=, 122
RUOMEDAN AHOMET, 24
Russia, 129
RUSTICIANO, 3, 4

Saba, 18
Sadfe, 27
Sad Ishtragh, 38
Sad Khandūt, 38
Sado, 36
Sad Sipang, 38
=Saffron=, 98
=Sagamoni Borcan=, 111
SAGATU, 103
=Saghlat=, 62
=Sago tree=, 108
=Sa-ha-la=, 62
Saianfu, 95
SAID KHÁN, 42
Saint Omer, 11
=Sakya Muni Burkhan=, 111
=Salt=, 91–92, 123
Salwen, 84, 85, 89
Sam, 18
Samarcand, 36
=Sandal Wood=, 124
San fo ts’i, 126
=Sangon=, 92
San Ta, 85
=Sappan=, 119
Sapurgan, 32, 33
Säracanco, 13
Sarai, 13
Sarhad, 36, 40, 41
Sarikol, 39, 40
Sar-i-Sar-hadd, 38
Sar i Sher, 67
=Sati=, 115
=Sa-tō=, 99
SCHEFER, Ch., 71
SCHLEGEL, G., 103, 108, 109
Scotra, 121
SCOTT, Sir G., 89
Sebsevar, 30, 32, 33
Sefid-ab, 28, 29
SEÏF ED-DIN NUSRAT, 24
Selat Tebrau, 106
Selenga, 62
Sendi Foulat, 104
=Sêng=, 18
Seng-i-Kal-i-deh, 33
Ser-i-julge, 28, 29
_Serindia_, 21
Sha Chou, 44, 47, 49, 50
SHAH RUKH, 52, 53
SHAMU HUST, 51
Shang Tu, 6, 13, 63, 96
SHAN CHU TSUN CHE, 10
_Shan Haï King_, 19
Shan Tung, 91
Shan Si, 75
Shao Hing, 96
=Sha t’ang=, 99
SHAW, E. B., 42
=Sheep=, 17, 19, 20
Shehr, 125
SHEMIAKIN, 138
Shen Chou, 61
Shen shen, 62
=Shen yü=, 58
Shibirkhan, 33
SHIEN TCHU, 10
Shi Ho, 125
=Shikamparast=, 21
=Shikári=, 21
Shï-k’i-ni, 34
Shik-nih, 34
Shi lang, 86
SHI T’IEN-TSE, 92
Shu, Kingdom of, 79, 80
=Shu-mih fu shi=, 6
SHU NGAN, 62
Shurab, 33
Siāh pōsh, 35
SIANG WU TA EUL, 87
Si Chou, 4
Sien pi, 55
Si fan, 80, 81
SĪHASŪRA, 88
Si Hia, 55
Si lan, 109, 112
Si lan ch’ï kuo, 112
=Si li ju eul su la=, 107
=Silky Fowls=, 98–99
SINCLAIR, William F., 24
Sindafu, 78, 79
Si-ngan fu, 76, 77
Singapore, 105
_Sing ch’a shêng lan_, 125
Singphos, 85
SINGTAUR, 87, 88
Si ning, 61
Sinju, 61
Sinjumatu, 92
SIRI PARAMISURA, 107
Sita river, 41
_Si yang ch’ao kung tien lu_, 72, 124
_Si yih kien wan luh_, 49
SLIEPTSOV, A., 139
Smyrna, 20
Soling river, 62
Somali Coast, 121
=Sorcerers=, 121
=So Tu=, 103
=Sounds=, 48, 49
Spain, 19
STEIN, Sir Aurel, 3, 21, 22, 23, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47,
48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 72, 140
=Stewart=, C. E., 26
=Storax=, 125
STUART, 75
=Süan wei shi=, 6, 82
Su Chou, 52
=Sugar=, 119, 123
SUI, 62
Sukchur, 52
Sultania, 5
Sumatra, 106, 107, 109
Sundar Fūlāt, 104
SUNG, 19, 31, 61, 93, 96
_Sung Shí_, 112
SUNG YUN, 45
=Sun tree=, 31
=Suttee=, 115
Swat, 22, 24
Syghinan, 34
SYKES, Major P. M., 4, 5, 25, 27, 28, 56, 140
Syria, 20
Sze Chw’an, 79, 81, 83
SZE-MA TS’IEN, 76
Szi lang, 86

Tabas, Tabbas, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
Tabriz, 5; _see_ Tauris
T’a-ch’ar Hu-nan, 8
Tagaung, 90
Tagharma, 39, 40
Ta Hsien, 78
Taichow, 94
T’ai hang Mountain, 75
=Táilgan=, 57
=Tái lin=,57
_T’aï p’ing yu lan_, 76
T’aï Yuan fu, 75
Ta-la-kien, 34
Talāsh, 22
Talecan, 32, 34
Ta-li, 68
Tamasak, 105
_Ta Ming yi t’ung che_, 90
Tanah, 106
Tanah Malaya, 105, 106, 107
_T’ang_, 18, 19, 25, 34
_T’ang hsi_, 96
_T’ang Shu_, 112
Tangut, 6, 50, 51, 54, 61
Tanjore, 112, 115
Tanjore inscription, 104, 145
TANNER, P. von, 97
_Tao yi chi lio_, 114, 120, 123
TAO KOANG, 73
Ta Ping, 85
_Tárikh-i-Rashidi_, 21, 42, 48, 139
Tarim, 41
=Tarsa=, 62
Ta Shi, 19, 120, 123, 125, 126
Tash Kurghán, 39, 40, 42
Tāshmalik, 39, 40
=Ta sz nung=, 6
Tatar, 55
Ta Ts’in, 120
Ta tu, 7, 129
Ta tu k’ou, 89
Ta T’ung, 57
Tauris, 5, 17, 18
=Tch’ang=, 91
Tch’eng Tu, 78, 79, 80
Tebbes, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
=Ṭeir al djamal=, 123
TEIXEIRA, Pedro, 24
Telugu, 86
TEMPLE, Sir R. C., 144 _seq._
Tenasserim, 87, 105
Tenduc, 62
Teng-i-Tebbes, 28
Tengri (Heaven), 58
=Tengri kudu=, 58
T’eng Yueh, 89, 90
Termed, 31
=Thardwehch=, 17
THIBAUT de CHEPOY, 4, 11
THOMAS, St., 116–118
THORDEMAN, B., 138
THORNHILL, Clarke, 31
=Three Kings=, 18
Thus, 34
Tiao men, 82
Tiao yü shan, 79
Tibet, 80, 83
Tibetans, 41
T’ie leh, 56
T’ien chu, 120
T’ien ning temple, 11
T’ien pu ma, 85
T’ien Shan, 57
T’ien tö, 62
T’ien Tsin, 91
Tiju, 94
=Tirandáz=, 21
TOB TIMUR, 129
TOBA, 4, 30, 31
Tokhara, 34
Tokuk Dawān, 40
Tölös, 56, 58
TOMASCHEK, W., 77, 104
TOMLINSON, C., 49
Tonocain, 25 _seq._, 26, 28, 31
TONONI, G., 4
TORUNXA, 25
=Tou iron=, 30
=Tou lo mién=, 118
_T’oung Pao_, 123, 124, 142
=T’ou-ore=, 30
Tourfan, 92; _see_ Turfan
=T’ou shih=, 30
=T’ou t’ieh=, 30
=Tribut=, 93
TROTTER, Col., 38
=Ts’an chêng=, 7
Ts’ang Chou, 91
Ts’ao mu tse, 75
Ts’eng yao lo, 123
=Tsiang kiun=, 92
TS’IEN WU-SU, 97
TSIN, 93
Ts’i nan, 92
TS’ING, 94
Tsing hai hien, 91
Ts’ing ki hien, 82
Ts’ing shui, 57
Ts’i Ning chau, 92
_Tsoh mung luh_, 59
Ts’öng pa, 124
Ts’uän Chou, 100
TSUBOI KUMAZO, 123
Tsui lan, 108
=Tsu la=, 123
=Tsu la fa=, 125
T’u fan, 81, 82
Tu-ho-lo, 34
T’u kuh hun, 4
TU LI, 32
Tumat, 61
Tun, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33
T’ung kwan, 57
_Tung-si-yang-k’au_, 19
Tun huang, 49, 50
Tunis, 20
Tunocain, Tunokain, 25 _seq_., 26, 28, 31
Tun-o-Tabbas, 26
Tun va Kain, 26
Tun t’ien, 112
Turfan, 44, 76, 92, 111
Turshiz, 30
=Tutia=, 30, 31
TU TSUNG, 114

Uighúr, 14, 19, 58, 63
ULUG BEG, 21
Ulug Mazar, 45
Ulug Ziārat, 45
_Ulus Arbaa_, 21
Urasa, 24
Urga, 51, 58, 62
Uriangkut, 61
Uryangkit, 61
Ushi, 49
Uzun Tati, 45

VACCA, Giovanni, 135, 136
VALENTYN, 25
Vardoj river, 37, 38
Victoria, Lake, 38, 39
VIJAYA BAHU IV., 111
Vijayanagar, 114
=Vines=, 75–76
VINSON, 86
VISCONTI, Tedaldo, 4
VISDELOU, 88
VISSIÈRE, 96, 97
Vochan, 34, 88
Vociam, 82
Vokhan, 36, 37, 38
Vughin, 96
Vuju, 96

Wakhan, 36–40
WALKENAER, 139
Wa lo sz’, 129
WANG CHU, 6, 7
WANG KIEN, 79
WAN LI, 73
_Wan nien tsao_, 25
Wan sui shan, 69
Warai, 36
=Weather Conjuring=, 63
WEI, 93
Wei, river, 57
_Wei Shu_, 122
WHIBLEY, Ch., 137
WIESNER, J., 72
=Wine=, 75–76, 119
Wok-k’an, 34
Wo tuan, 48
WRIGHT, T., 138
WU, 79
Wu chên, 96
Wu chiang, 96
WU HI, 79
Wu hwan, 55
WU KIAI, 79
WU KIËN-HWANG, 72
WU K’UNG, 37
WU LIN, 79
WYLIE, A., 72

Ya chou fu, 82
Yaci, 82
Yamān yār river, 40
Yang Chau, 7, 94, 99
Yangi Hisar, 39
Yang Kiang, 98
Yanju, 94
Yap Island, 31
Yarkand, 40, 42, 44
Yasin, 41, 42
=Ya tsui tan fan=, 124
=Ye-li-k’o-wen=, 62, 94
Yemen, 24,
Yen Chan hien, 91
YEN KWANG-TA, 96
YEN TEMUR, 130
Yen t’o man, 109
YE TSE-K’I, 75
Yezd, 5, 30
_Ying yai shêng lan_, 124, 125
_Yin shan cheng yao_, 75
Yin tu, 112
YISUN TIMUR, 88
Yi tsi nai, 55
_Yi wu chi_, 86
Yotkan, 44, 45
YOUNG, John, 133
YSEMAIN, 95
Y-SZ-MA-YIN, 95
YUAN, 71, 75, 93
_Yuan kien lei han_, 76
_Yüan shi_, 5, 7, 8, 32, 47, 56, 57, 61, 63, 69, 70, 81, 82, 84, 85,
92, 94, 95, 108, 119, 120, 129
Yueh Chi, 19, 41
_Yuen tien chang_, 94
Yu Ho, 93
YULE, Sir Henry, 7, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27,
28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 108, 115, 118, 142
Yung ch’ang, 82, 88, 89, 90, 103
Yung chia chong, 78
Yun Nan, 6, 68, 83, 86, 87, 95
=Yü shi ta fu=, 6
Yu t’ien, 45

Zaitun, 100
Zakhama Pass, 24
Zanghibar, 123
Zanzibar, 121
Zardandan, 68, 84, 85
Zarew, 13
Zebak, 38
Zenagan, 26
Zimmé, 87
ZOROASTER, 31

Transcriber’s Notes:

- Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
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- Text enclosed by equals is in blackletter (=blackletter=).
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paragraph (|emphasized|).
- Blank pages have been removed.
- Redundant half-title pages have been removed.
- Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
- Names spelling, hyphenation, and diacritics are highly variable,
some were standardized when there seemed to be a clear choice.
- There are 3 types of footnotes:
- Normal, marked as ‘[1]’ and moved after the notes.
- Footnotes of footnotes, marked as ‘[A]’ and moved after the
normal footnotes.
- “Notes”, marked as ‘{1}, located and numbered as they are in the
book.
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