Chapter I: Part 1

[Transcriber’s Note:

Unless otherwise noted, words are spelled and alphabetized as in the original.

The letter æ is alphabetized as “ae”.
The letter ð (eth) is alphabetized separately after “t”.
The letters j and v are not used; medial k occurs only once.
When two words are otherwise identical, the one containing a macron
is usually given second.

Cross-references are shown as printed. When there is an error or ambiguity, corrections are given in [[double brackets]] at the end of the entry or as a separate paragraph. Where possible, these standard wordings were used:

under “mūs”
The referenced word is either a secondary entry or a parenthesized
alternative spelling in the form “mūs (ȳ)”.
headword spelled “mūs”
Minor difference, generally an added or omitted macron or
a predictable vowel variation such as ī for ȳ.
form of “mūs”
The referenced word is an inflected form. A few very common patterns
such as adverbs in “-līce” listed under adjectives in “-lic” are not
individually noted.
redirected to “mūs”
The cross-referenced form leads to further cross-references.

To avoid empty cross-references, a few entries, clearly identified, were restored from the first edition.

In the original book, shorter entries--chiefly cross-references--were printed two or three to a line. They have been separated for this e-text. All [single brackets], asterisks* and question marks? are in the original.

In the body of the Dictionary, italics are shown conventionally with _lines_, while small capitals are marked as #text#. Boldface in headwords is unmarked; elsewhere it is shown as =text=. Superscript numerals (“small superior figures”) are shown with a caret; braces are used when necessary to avoid ambiguity.

āwrēon^1,2 = strong verb, class 1 or 2
bærnett (y^2) = second syllable also spelled with y
234^1 = page 234, line 1

Typographical errors are listed at the end of the e-text. To avoid confusion with original brackets, anything added by the transcriber is shown in [[double brackets]].

The _New English Dictionary_ (NED) is now known as the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).]

* * * * *
* * * *

A CONCISE

ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

C. F. CLAY, Manager
London: FETTER LANE, E.C.
Edinburgh: 100 PRINCES STREET

Bombay, Calcutta and Madras: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
Toronto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd.
Tokyo: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA

_All rights reserved_

A CONCISE

ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY

FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS

by

JOHN R. CLARK HALL, M.A., Ph.D.

Second Edition
Revised And Enlarged

New York:
The Macmillan Company
1916

Cambridge:
Printed by John Clay, M.A.
at the University Press

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

The first edition of this dictionary having been exhausted, it has been extensively revised, and certain new features and alterations have been introduced into it.

1. The principle of arranging all words according to their actual spelling has been to a considerable extent abandoned. It was admittedly an unscientific one, and opened the door to a good many errors and inconsistencies. The head form in this edition may be either a normalised form or one which actually occurs.

2. Words beginning with _ge-_ have been distributed among the letters of the alphabet which follow that prefix, and the sign + has been employed instead of _ge-_ in order to make the break in alphabetical continuity as little apparent to the eye as possible. The sign ± has been used where a word occurs both with and without the prefix.

3. References to Cook’s translation of Sievers’ _Anglo-Saxon Grammar_, and to the Grammatical Introduction to Sweet’s _Reader_ have been taken out, as Wright’s or Wyatt’s _Old English Grammar_ will have taken their place with most English students.

4. A new feature which, it is hoped, will prove widely useful, is the introduction of references to all, or nearly all, the headings in the _New English Dictionary_ under which quotations from Anglo-Saxon texts are to be found. A vast mass of valuable information as to the etymology, meaning and occurrence of Old English words is contained in that Dictionary, but is to a very large extent overlooked because it is to be found under the head of words which are now obsolete, so that unless one happens to know what was the last form which they had in Middle English, one does not know how to get at it. This information will be made readily available by the references in the present work, which will form a practically complete index to the Anglo-Saxon material in the larger dictionary and will at the same time put the student on the track of interesting Middle English examples of the use of Old English words. Besides directing the reader (by means of quotation marks) to the heading in the _New English Dictionary_ where the relevant matter may be found, an indication has been given of the texts from which quotations are made therein, when these do not exceed four or five[1].

[Footnote 1: As regards the letter W and some small parts of other
letters which have not yet appeared in the _NED_, a reference has
been given to its abridgement (_The Concise Oxford Dictionary_).]

5. There have been many valuable contributions to Anglo-Saxon lexicography (by Napier, Swaen, Schlütter, Förster, Wülfing and others) since the first edition of this Dictionary appeared, and these have been made use of, but (as before) unglossaried matter has not been systematically searched for words not hitherto recorded in Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries[2].

[Footnote 2: The part of the Supplement to ‘Bosworth-Toller’ which
has already appeared shows that Professor Toller is examining such
matter with great care and thoroughness.]

6. The number of references to passages has been very largely increased. All words occurring only in poetical texts have been marked. If they occur more than once they bear the sign †, if only once, a reference to the passage is generally given. If not they are marked ‡. As regards prose texts, the rule has been only to give references to particular passages in the case of rare words,--more especially ἅπαξ λεγόμενα. The references to AO, CP and Æ which were given in the earlier edition have been retained, as a useful indication that the word occurs in Early West Saxon or Late West Saxon prose, as the case may be.

7. By various devices it has been found possible, while much increasing the amount of matter in the book, to add very slightly to the number of pages, and at the same time to reduce the number of columns on a page from three to two. Most of these devices are more or less mechanical, but one method of saving space may be mentioned. Certain compound words, descriptive of places, which, as far as I know, occur only in charters and which may often be more correctly regarded as proper nouns, have not been separately inserted. Their meaning can however always be ascertained by referring to their components, and where the abbreviation Mdf is inserted the reader will understand that examples of words so compounded, or of the components, or of both, will be found in Birch’s _Cartularium Saxonicum_, or in Earle’s _Land Charters_, and that references to those examples are given in Middendorff’s _Altenglisches Flurnamenbuch_.

8. In the List of Abbreviations, etc. at the commencement of the book, editions of texts which are furnished with a glossary have been specially indicated.

J. R. C. H.

_January_, 1916.

LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS WITH THEIR EXPLANATION

_Note_ 1. Where references are in _italic type_, quotations from the texts indicated will be found in the _New English Dictionary_, under the head of the English word which is distinguished in the article by quotation marks (see Preface). In references to special passages volumes have been marked off from pages by an inverted full stop, and lines or verses have been shown, _where they follow other numerals_, by small superior figures. Occasionally where lines have not been given, the mark ´ has been inserted to show that the quotation is in the lower half of a page.

_Note_ 2. In the following list the number (1) after an edition of a text indicates that the edition is supplied with a complete referenced glossary or word-index, (2) that it has a complete glossary, but without references and (3) that it has a partial glossary or word-index.

_Note_ 3. Some of the abbreviations given below are used in combination. Examples: MtLR = the Lindisfarne and Rushworth MSS of St Matthew; BJPs = the Bosworth and the Junius Psalters; asf. = accusative singular feminine. EK = Early Kentish.

‘ ’ Quotation marks are used to enclose the English words which should
be looked up in the _NED_ in order to find etymological
information as to, and examples of the use of, the Anglo-Saxon
words to which the articles in this Dictionary relate, see Note 1
above. If they enclose Latin words, they indicate the lemmata of
Anglo-Saxon words in glosses or glossaries etc., or the Latin
equivalent of such words in the Latin texts from which they are
translated. The Latin is especially so given when the Ags. word
seems to be merely a blindly mechanical and literal equivalent.

* is prefixed or affixed to hypothetical forms. Normalised forms of
Ags. words which actually exist are not usually so marked.

´ See Note 1 above.

+ = ge-.

± indicates that the Ags. word to which it is prefixed is found both
with and without the prefix ge-.

† = occurs in poetical texts only.

‡ = occurs in a poetical text, and once only.

== This sign is used to indicate that the words which it follows,
_and its compounds_, are to be found in the Dictionary under the
heading given after it, thus meht==miht is equivalent to
meht = miht _and_ meht- = miht-.

a. = accusative.

A = Anglian, or, if followed by numerals, Anglia, Zeitschrift für Englische Philologie, Halle, 1877 etc. AB = Anglia Beiblatt.

Æ = Ælfric. (References followed by numerals in parentheses refer to certain Homilies attributed to Ælfric in HL.) If followed by a book of the Bible the reference is to that book in _Ælfric de vetere et novo Testamento_ (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 1).

#ÆGr# = Ælfric’s Grammatik und Glossar, ed. J. Zupitza, Berlin, 1880.

ÆH = Ælfric’s Homilies, ed. by B. Thorpe, London, 1844-6. (Quoted by vol., page and line.)

ÆL = Ælfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints, ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS), 1881-1900 (3).

ÆP = Ælfric’s Hirtenbriefe (Ælfric’s Pastoral Letters), ed. B. Fehr, Hamburg, 1914 (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 9).

AF = Anglistische Forschungen, ed. J. Hoops, Heidelberg.

#Alm# = the poem on Alms, in #Gr#.

#An# = the poem of Andreas, in #Gr#; or ed. G. P. Krapp, Boston, U.S.A., 1905 (1).

#Andr# = the prose legend of St Andrew, in J. W. Bright’s Anglo-Saxon Reader, London, 1892 (1).

ANS = Herrig’s Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen, Brunswick, 1846-1914.

#AnT# = Analecta Anglo-saxonica by B. Thorpe, London, 1846 (2).

anv. = anomalous verb.

AO = Alfred’s translation of Orosius, ed. H. Sweet (EETS), 1883. (v. also Wfg.)

#Ap# = the poem of the Fate of the Apostles, in #Gr#; or included with Andreas in Krapp’s edition (v. #An#).

#APs# = the Arundel Psalter, ed. G. Oess (AF vol. 30), Heidelberg, 1910.

#ApT# = Anglo-Saxon version of Apollonius of Tyre, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1834.

AS = King Alfred’s version of Augustine’s Soliloquies, ed. H. L. Hargrove (Yale Studies in Old English), Boston, U.S.A., 1912 (1). See also #Shr#.

#Az# = the poem of Azarias, in #Gr#.

B = the poem of Beowulf, in #Gr#; also ed. A. J. Wyatt and R. W. Chambers, Cambridge, 1914 (1); or ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Manchester, 1912 (1); or ed. Harrison and Sharp, Boston, U.S.A., 1888 (1).

#Bas# = The Admonition of St Basil, ed. H. W. Norman, London, 1840.

BB = Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik, ed. M. Trautmann.

BC = Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. W. de Gray Birch, London, 1883 etc., 3 vols.

Bd = Bede.

BDS = Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, ed. E. Sievers, Leipzig, 1874-1914.

BH = the Anglo-Saxon version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols., ed. T. Miller (EETS), 1891-6. (Reference is usually made to the pages in vol. 1 as regards the various readings recorded in vol. 2--not to the pages in the latter vol.)

#Bk# = Texte und Untersuchungen zur AE Literatur, etc., by R. Brotanek, Halle, 1913.

#Bl# = The Blickling Homilies, ed. R. Morris (EETS), 1874-80 (1).

#BlPs# = Blickling Glosses to the Psalms, at the end of #Bl#.

#Bo# = King Alfred’s translation of Boethius, with the Metres of Boethius, ed. W. J. Sedgefield, Oxford, 1899 (1).

#BPs# = die AE Glossen im Bosworth-Psalter, ed. U. Lindelöf (Mémoires de la Soc. néo-philologique à Helsingfors, tom. 5), 1909 (3).

BR = An Anglo-Saxon Reader, ed. J. W. Bright, New York, 1913 or London, 1910 (1).

#Br# = the poem of Brunanburh, in #Gr# or †#Chr#.

BT = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, by J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller, Oxford, 1882-98. BTSup. = the Supplement to the above, Part #I# (A-EORÐ), 1908.

CC = The Crawford Charters, ed. by A. S. Napier and W. H. Stevenson (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1895.

CD = the Codex Diplomaticus, ed. Kemble

[[This citation occurs a few times in error for the author’s normal
form, KC.]]

#Chr# = Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ed. J. Earle and C. Plummer, Oxford, 1892 (1). The poetical passages are marked †#Chr#.

CM = the tract ‘de Consuetudine Monachorum,’ in Anglia, vol. 13, pp. 365-454.

#Cos# = Altwestsächsische Grammatik, by P. J. Cosijn, Haag, 1888.

cp. = compare.

CP = King Alfred’s trans. of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, ed. H. Sweet (EETS), London, 1871.

Cp = the Corpus Glossary, in OET, or in WW (cols. 1-54) or (if the numbers are followed by a letter), in A Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary, ed. by J. H. Hessels, Cambridge, 1890 (1).

#CPs# = Der Cambridge-Psalter, ed. K. Wildhagen, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 7, Hamburg, 1910. (CHy = Cambridge Hymns in the same vol.) (3)

#Cr# = the poem of Crist, in #Gr#.

#Cra# = the poem of Men’s Crafts, in #Gr#.

#Creat# = the poem of the Creation, in #Gr#.

Ct = Charters, wills and other like documents, as contained in BC, CC, EC, KC and TC.

d. = dative. dp. = dat. pl. ds. = dat. singular; etc.

#Da# = the poem of Daniel, in #Gr#; or ed. T. W. Hunt (Exodus and Daniel), Boston, 1885. [[Sometimes writen #Dan# in body text]]

DD = the poem ‘Be Dōmes Dæge’ (‘de die judiciæ’), ed. J. R. Lumby (EETS), London, 1876 (1); or in #Gr# (vol. 2, pp. 250-272).

#Deor# = the poem of Deor’s Complaint, in #Gr# and #Kl#.

DHy = the Durham Hymnarium, ed. J. Stevenson (Surtees Society, vol. 23), London, 1851. (#Gl#, by H. W. Chapman, Yale Studies, No. 24, Boston, 1905.)

#Dom# = the poem ‘Be Dōmes Dæge’ from the Exeter Book, in #Gr# (Vol. 3, pp. 171-4).

DR = the Durham Ritual, ed. T. Stevenson (Surtees Society), London, 1840. Lines of Anglo-Saxon only counted. [#Gl# by Uno Lindelöf, Bonn, 1901 (BB vol. 9).]

_Du._ = Dutch.

E = Early.

EC = Land Charters and other Saxonic Documents, ed. John Earle, Oxford, 1888 (3).

EETS = Early English Text Society’s Publications.

EK = Early Kentish.

#El# = the poem of Elene, in #Gr#; or ed. Kent, Boston, 1889.

Ep = the Epinal Gloss., in OET.

#EPs# = Eadwine’s Canterbury Psalter, ed. F. Harsley, EETS, London, 1889. (EHy = Hymns in the same vol.)

Erf = the Erfurt Gloss., in OET.

ES = Englische Studien, Heilbronn and Leipzig, 1876-1914.

EWS = Early West Saxon.

#Ex# = the poem of Exodus, in #Gr# or in Hunt’s edition (v. #Da#). If followed by two kinds of numerals = Exodus in _Ælfric de vetere et novo Testamento_ in the Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, Vol. 1, Cassel, 1872.

exc. = except.

f. = feminine. fp. = fem. plural.

FAp = the poem ‘Fata Apostolorum,’ in #Gr#.

FBO = Das Benediktiner Offizium, ed. E. Feiler (AF vol. 4), Heidelberg, 1901.

#Fin# = the poem of Finnsburg, in #Gr#, and most editions of Beowulf.

FM = The Furnivall Miscellany, Oxford, 1901.

FT = the poem ‘A Father’s Teachings,’ in #Gr#.

g. = genitive. gs. = gen. singular. gp. = gen. pl.; etc.

G = the Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat, Cambridge, 1871-87. See also LG, NG, RG, WG. (#Gl# to WG by M. A. Harris, Yale Studies, vol. 6, Boston, 1899.)

GD = Die Dialoge Gregors den Grossen, ed. Hans Hecht (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 5), Cassel, 1900-1907.

#Gen# = the poem of Genesis, in #Gr#. If followed by two kinds of numerals = Genesis in _Ælfric de vetere et novo testamento_ (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 1, Cassel, 1872).

_Ger._ = German.

GK = Grein’s Sprachschatz der Ags. Dichter, revised by Köhler and Holthausen, Heidelberg, 1912. (A complete referenced glossary to #Gr#.)

#Gl# = Glossary. Used also as a comprehensive sign for all or any of the extant Anglo-Saxon glosses or glossaries: Cp, Ep, Erf, GPH, #HGl#, #KGl#, Ln, OEG, WW etc.

#Gn# = The Gnomic Verses in #Gr#. #GnE# = those in the Exeter Book and #GnC# those in the Cotton MS. Separate edition also by B. C. Williams, New York, 1914 (1).

GPH = Prudentius Glosses, contributed by A. Holder to Germania, Vierteljahrsschrift für deutsche Altertumskunde, vol. 11 (ns).

#Gr# = Bibliothek der Angelsächs. Poesie, ed. C. W. M. Grein and revised by R. P. Wülker, Cassel, 1883-98.

#Gu# = the poem of St Guthlac, in #Gr#.

#Guth# = the (prose) Life of St Guthlac, ed. C. W. Goodwin, London, 1848 (pp. 8-98), or ed. P. Gonser (AF vol. 27), Heidelberg, 1909 (pp. 100-176).

#Hell# = the poem of Hell, in #Gr#.

#Hept# = The Heptateuchus, etc., Anglo-Saxonice, ed. Edw. Thwaites, Oxford, 1698.

#Hex# = The Hexameron of St Basil, ed. H. W. Norman, London, 1849.

#HGl# = Glosses in (Haupt’s) Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum, vol. 9 (1853).

HL = Homilien und Heiligendleben, ed. B. Assmann, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 3, Cassel, 1889. v. also Æ and #Shr#, (3).

#Hu# = the poem ‘The Husband’s Message,’ in #Gr#.

Hy = the collection of ‘Hymns’ at the end of most of the Ags. versions of the Psalms. v. the various Psalters (#Ps#). [The numbering of verses etc. usually follows that in Wildhagen’s Cambridge Psalter (#CPs#).]

i. = instrumental (case).

IM = ‘Indicia Monasterialia,’ ed. F. Kluge, in Techmer’s Internationale Zeitschrift für allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 2, Leipzig, 1885.

intr. = intransitive.

JAW = Eigentümlichkeiten des Anglischen Wortschatzes, by R. Jordan (AF vol. 17), Heidelberg, 1906

JGPh = Journal of (English and) Germanic Philology, Urbana, Ill.

Jn = the Gospel of St John. v. G and NG (JnL = Lindisfarne MS; JnR = Rushworth MS, v. LG, RG).

#JPs# = der Junius-Psalter, ed. E. Brenner (AF vol. 23), Heidelberg, 1909 (JHy = the Hymns in the same vol.).

#Jud# = the poem of Judith, in #Gr#, or ed. A. S. Cook, Boston, 1889 (1).

#Jul# = the poem of Juliana, in #Gr#.

K = Kentish.

KC = Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, ed. J. M. Kemble, 6 vols., London, 1839-48.

#KGl# = Kentish Glosses to the Proverbs of Solomon (= WW 55-88, or, if quoted by number, in #Kl#).

#Kl# = Angelsächsisches Lesebuch, by F. Kluge, 3rd edition, Halle, 1902 (2).

#KlED# = F. Kluge’s Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 7th edition, 1910, or J. F. Davis’ translation, London, 1891.

_L._ = Latin.

#Lcd# = Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of the Anglo-Saxons, ed. O. Cockayne, London, 3 vols., Rolls Series, 1864-66 (vol. 2, and pp. 1-80 of vol. 3 are referred to by the folio of the MS, so that the references may also be available for G. Leonhardi’s edition of that part of the #Lcd#, in the Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 6) (3).

#Leas# = the poem ‘Be manna lease,’ in #Gr#.

Leo = Leo’s Angelsächsiches Glossar. Halle, 1877.

[[Listing added by transcriber; used only in first edition.]]

LG = the Lindisfarne Gospels, in Skeat’s ed. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels (v. G). (Glossary by A. S. Cook, Halle, 1894.) LRG = Lindisfarne and Rushworth Gospels. v. RG.

Lieb. = F. Liebermann (v. LL).

Lk = the Gospel of St Luke. v. G and NG (LkL = Lindisfarne MS; LkR = Rushworth MS; v. LG, RG).

LL = the Anglo-Saxon Laws, as contained in Liebermann, Schmid or Thorpe. If followed by numerals not in parentheses, or only partially in parentheses, the reference is to ‘Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen,’ by F. Liebermann, 2 vols., Halle, 1903-12 (1); if by numerals _entirely_ in parentheses, to vol. 2 of ‘Ancient Laws and Institutes,’ by B. Thorpe, 2 vols., London, 1840 (3).

Ln = the Leiden Glossary, ed. J. H. Hessels, Cambridge, 1906 (1).

#Lor# = the Lorica Hymn, in Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler, by G. Leonhardi (Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 6), Hamburg, 1905.

#LPs# = Der Lambeth-Psalter, ed. U. Lindelöf, Acta Soc. Sc. Fennicae, vol. 35, Helsingfors, 1909 (1). (LHy = the Hymns in the same vol.)

LWS = Late West Saxon.

LV = Leofric’s Vision, ed. A. S. Napier, in the Transactions of the Philological Society for 1907-10, pp. 180-188.

M = Mercian.

m. = masculine. ms., mp., etc. = masc. sing., masc. plur., etc.

#Ma# = the poem of the Battle of Maldon, in #Gr#, also in #Br#, #Kl# or Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Reader, Oxford.

Mdf = Altenglisches Flurnamenbuch, by H. Middendorff, Halle, 1902. [See Preface.]

#Men# = the Menologium, at the end of #Chr#.

#Met# = the Metres of Boethius; v. #Bo#.

MF = Festschrift für L. Morsbach (Studien zur Eng. Philologie, vol. 50), Halle, 1913.

MFH = Homilies in MF, ed. Max Förster.

MH = An Old English Martyrology, ed. G. Herzfeld (EETS), London, 1900. See also #Shr#.

_MHG._ = Middle High German. [[Listing added by transcriber]]

Mk = the Gospel of St Mark; v. G and NG. (MkL = Lindisfarne MS; MkR = Rushworth MS of St Mark; v. LG, RG.)

MLA = Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Baltimore.

MLN = Modern Language Notes, Baltimore, 1886-1914.

#Mod# = the poem ‘Bi Manna Mōd,’ in #Gr#.

MP = Modern Philology, Chicago, 1903-1914.

Mt = the Gospel of St Matthew; v. G and NG. (MtL = Lindisfarne MS; MtR = Rushworth MS of St Matthew; v. LG, RG.)

n. = nominative, _or_ neuter, _or_ note. (np., nap., etc. = nom. plural, nom. and acc. plur., etc.)

N = Northumbrian.

#Nar# = Narratiunculae, ed. O. Cockayne, London, 1861.

NC = Contributions to Old English Lexicography by A. Napier, in the Philological Society’s Transactions for 1903-1906, London (mostly late texts).

NED = the New English Dictionary, ed. Sir J. A. H. Murray and others, Oxford, 1888-1915. (See Preface, and Note 1.)

neg. = negative.

NG = the Northumbrian Gospels, contained in Skeat’s edition (v. G, LG, RG).

#Nic# = the Gospel of Nicodemus, in #Hept#; or in MLA 13·456-541. (The references to passages are always to the latter edition.)

NR = The Legend of the Cross (Rood-tree), ed. A. S. Napier, EETS, London, 1894.

obl. = oblique.

occl. = occasional, occasionally.

OEG = Old English Glosses, ed. A. Napier (Anecdota Oxoniensia), Oxford, 1900 (1).

OET = The Oldest English Texts, ed. H. Sweet, EETS, 1885 (1).

_OF._ = Old French. [[Rare, and always written OFr. in text]]

_OHG._ = Old High German.

_ON._ = Old Norse.

_OS._ = Old Saxon.

p. = page, _or_ plural.

#Pa# = the poem of the Panther, in #Gr#.

#Part# = the poem of the Partridge, in #Gr#.

#Ph# = the poem of the Phoenix, in #Gr# or BR.

pl. = plural.

#PPs# = the Paris Psalter, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1835. The prose portion (Psalms 1-50) also ed. Bright and Ramsay, Belles Lettres Series, Boston, 1907, and the remainder (verse portion) in #Gr#.

#Ps# = any one or more of the Anglo-Saxon Psalters. [NB. In the numbering of the Psalms, the Authorised Version is usually one ahead of the MSS.] v. A, B, C, E, J, L, R, S and VPs; also Hy.

[[The occasional form #Pss# was retained. It may be either an error
for #Ps# or short for “several Psalters”. In the one OED reference,
two Psalters are quoted.]]

PST = Philological Society’s Transactions (v. also LV and NC).

QF = Mone, Quellen u. Forschungen zur Geschichte der teutschen Lit. u. Sprache, Aachen und Leipzig, 1830.

RB = der Benedictinregel, ed. A. Schröer, Bibl. der Ags. Prosa, vol. 2, Cassel, 1885-8 (3).

RBL = the Anglo-Saxon and Latin Rule of St Benet (Interlinear Glosses), ed. H. Logeman, EETS, London, 1888.

#Rd# = The Riddles of the Exeter Book, in #Gr#, or ed. F. Tupper Junr., Boston, 1910 (1).

RG = the Rushworth Gospels, in Skeat’s ed. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels (v. G). Mt (all), Mk 1-2^15 and Jn 18^1-3 are in a Mercian dialect, and are usually known as R^1; the rest (R^2) is in a Northumbrian dialect (v. also LG). Glossary to R^1 by Ernst Schulte, Bonn, 1904; to R^2 by U. Lindelöf, Helsingfors, 1897.

#Rim# = the Riming Poem, in #Gr#

[[Listing added by transcriber. The Riming Poem is included in Grein
along with many other texts from its original source, the Exeter MS.]]

#Rood# = the poem ‘Dream of the Rood,’ in #Gr#.

#RPs# = der Regius-Psalter, ed. F. Roeder (Studien in Eng. Philologie, vol. 18), Halle, 1904. (RHy = the Hymns in the same vol.)

RSL = Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, London.

#Ruin# = the poem of the Ruin, in #Gr#.

#Run# = the Rune-poem, in #Gr#.

s. = strong; also = singular. sv. = strong verb. swv. = strong-weak verb.

#Sat# = the poem ‘Christ and Satan,’ in #Gr#.

sb. = substantive.

#Sc# = Defensor’s Liber Scintillarum, ed. E. Rhodes, EETS, London, 1889 (3).

#Seaf# = the poem of the Seafarer, in #Gr#.

sg. = singular.

#Shr# = the Shrine by O. Cockayne, London, 1864-70 [pp. 29-33 and 46-156 = MH; pp. 35-44 = HL pp. 199-207; pp. 163-204 = AS].

SHy = Surtees Hymnarium = DHy.

SkED = An Etymological English Dictionary by W. W. Skeat, Oxford, 1910.

#Sol# = the poem Solomon and Saturn, in #Gr# (if in italics, the reference is sometimes to the prose version, ed. J. M. Kemble).

#Soul# = the poem of the Soul, in #Gr#.

#SPs# = Psalterium Davidis Latino-Saxonicum, ed. J. Spelman, London, 1640. (Stowe MS, but includes marginal readings from _APs_, _CPs_ and _EPs_.)

Swt. = The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon by H. Sweet, Oxford, 1897.

TC = Diplomatarium Ævi Saxonici, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1865 (3).

tr. = transitive.

usu. = usual, usually.

v. = vide, _or_ very.

v.l. = varia lectio.

#VPs# = the Vespasian Psalter, as contained in OET (1). [VHy = Hymns at the end of the Psalter.] Glossary also by Conrad Grimm (AF, vol. 18), Heidelberg, 1906.

V^2Ps = Psalter-Glosses in Cotton Vitellius E 18 (noted by Wildhagen in _CPs_).

w. = with.

W = (I) Wulfstan’s Homilies, ed. A. Napier, Berlin, 1883. Glossary by L. H. Dodd, New York, 1908. (II) West Saxon.

#Wa# = the poem of the Wanderer, in #Gr#.

#Wald# = the poem of Waldhere, in #Gr#.

Wfg = die Syntax in den Werken Alfreds, by J. E. Wülfing, Bonn, 1894-1901 (copious material, and indexes to words in AO, BH, _Bo_, CP, AS, _PPs_, etc.).

WG = West Saxon Gospels (v. G).

#Whale# = the poem of the Whale, in #Gr#.

#Wid# = the poem of Widsith, in #Gr#, or ed. R. F. Chambers, Cambridge, 1912.

#Wif# = the poem of ‘the Wife’s Complaint,’ in #Gr#.

WS = West Saxon.

Wt = An Old English Grammar by J. and E. M. Wright, 2nd edition, Oxford, 1914.

WW = Old English Vocabularies, ed. by T. Wright and R. P. Wülker, London, 1884. Cols. 1-54 = Cp; 55-88 = #KGl#; pp. 89-103 = _Colloq. Monast._ in NED.

Wy = the poem ‘Be manna wyrdum’ in #Gr#.

ZDA = Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum, Leipzig and Berlin, 1853-1914.

ZDPh = Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie, Halle, 1869-1914.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

[Transcriber’s Note:
This section is included for completeness. All changes have been
made in the text.]

ābrytan...#SPs# _should be_ ābrȳtan...#EPs#.

ācweorran: _for_ #SPs# _read_ #ELPs#.

æfest: for _Ei_ read _El_.

æfgerefa: _for_ LkL 12^42 _read_ LkL 12^58.

æfterlēan: _add_ #Gen# 76.

ælmesfeoh: add _LL_.

ærendung: add _RB_.

æscwiga: _for_ ‡ _read_ †.

āfaran: add _Da_ 6.

āgniend: _possession_ should be _possessor_.

āgniendlīc _should be_ āgniendlic.

āgryndan: _add_ #Men# 111.

āhwylfan: add _to roll to_ MP 1·592.

antemnere, antifonere (ÆP 154^6) = antefnere.

āsanian: _add_ LV 57.

āsprēadan: _for_ #CSPs# _read_ #EPs#.

āstīgnes: _for_ #SPs# _read_ #EPs#.

ātilian _should be_ ātillan.

ātlēag: _add_ EC 448^9.

ātorgeblǣd n. _swelling caused by poison_, #Lcd# 162b.

āðecgan: add _oppress?_ (Tupper) #Rd# 1^2,7.

āðynnian: _for_ VHy _read_ DHy 8^10.

āwarnian: _read_ (#APs#) = āswārnian.

+bearded _having a beard_, GD 279^14.

besārgung: strike out _sorrowing_, VHy.

besceawere: _for_ VHy _read_ DHy 24^15.

besencan: add _plunge into (fire)_, GD 317.

bīegan: _add_ +bȳged _bowed down, infirm_, #Nic# 471^29.

blīðe: _add_ (+b. occurs at #Guth# 161^9).

crūc: _add_ LV 74.

cwēme- = cwēm-

+dal n. _part_, GD 311^11.

dalmatice: _omit_ ? _and add_ GD 329^34.

+drēog II.: add _gentle (horse)_, GD 78^12.

ēðian _should be_ ±ēðian.

+fadung: add _rule, dominion_.

fǣmne(n)dlic (GD) = fǣmnhādlic

fǣrærning f. _quick marching_, GD 14^24.

fæsting f. read _commendation, trust, guardianship_, GD 239^15; LL 58[17].

fæstnung: add _exhortation_, MkL p2^5: _monument_, MtL p5^4; Mk 5^5.

fantbletsung f. _consecration of water for baptism_, ÆP 188^12.

feohtling: _add_ MP 1·610.

ferhtlic: _add_ #PPs# 95^10.

feriend: _add_ #Sol# 80.

flogettan: substitute _to fly, flutter_, #Sc#; GD 100^19.

folclic: add _worldly, secular_, GD 209^13.

fordēmednes: _add_ GD 345^3.

forecweden _aforesaid_, GD 12; 344.

forehūs: _add_ LV 33.

forewītung _should be_ forewitung.

forlætednes (GD 227^16) = forlætennes

forrǣda? m. _traitor, plotter_, MP 1·592.

forsegenlic (GD 233^21) = forsewenlic

forðfromung: _for_ #CSVPs# read #CVPs#.

forðman: _add_ NC 289.

forððēon _to profit_ (‘_proficere_’), GD 200.

fullfremed: _add_ -līce _after_ adv.

fullhāl _thoroughly well_, GD 248^1.

fyrdgestealla, fyrdgetrum: _add_ †.

+gang: add _passage (lapse) of time_, GD 179^10.

geadrung f. _text_, MtL p8^17.

geancyme: _delete second line of article_.

gearowyrdig: _add_ #Mod# 51.

gēodæd: add †.

geondflōwende _ebbing and flowing_, OEG 2363.

geondlācan: _add_ #Ph# 70.

geondsendan: omit †.

gest-: _for_ gǣst- _read_ gæst-

giestran: _add_ #Rd# 41^44.

glæsfæt: _add_ GD 10^16.

glōmung: for _VHy_ read _DHy_; GD.

godwebben: _add_ GD 176^1.

hæftnīednes: _add_ GD 346^22.

±hæftnīedan _should be_ +hæftnīedan.

hālettan _should be_ ±hālettan.

heals-iendlic, -igendlic: for #SPs# 89^13 read #APs# 89^13: _imploring_, GD 17^23.

hellegæst: _strike out_ †.

hellegeat: _add_ MP 1·610.

hellestōw f. _infernal region, hell_, GD 332^10.

hīwcuðlic: add _familiar_, GD 32.

hnep (GD 186^27) = hnæpp

horsðegn: add _muleteer_, GD 191^23.

hrēðnes: _add_ ÆP 136^23.

hūselbox _receptacle of the host_, ÆP 178^6.

hwīlsticce: _add_ GD 254^24.

+hyldelic _secure, safe_, GD 348^10.

+īeðan: add _compassionate_, GD 216(ȳ).

Additional references to the NED:--bebod ‘_bibod_’; belūcan ‘_belouke_’; cempa ‘_kemp_’; cennan ‘_ken_’; clipung ‘_cleping_’; cnæpp ‘_knap_’; dihtere ‘_dighter_’; draca ‘_drake_’; dysgian ‘_dizzy_’; fǣcne ‘_faken_’; forhogian ‘_forhow_’; forwiernan ‘_forwarn_’; gafol ‘_gavel_’; glēaw ‘_glew_’; heonon ‘_hen_’; hlēo ‘_lee_’; hliehhan ‘_laugh_’; hrēof ‘_reof_’; hryre ‘_rure_’; huru ‘_hure_’; ierre ‘_irre_’; lūtan ‘_lout_’

A CONCISE

ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY

=A=

a prep. [= on] _on, at, in, to, for_.

ā I. (āwa, ō) adv. _always, ever, at all, continuously, for ever_, Æ, AO, CP. ā on ēcnisse; ā butan ende _world without end_: _at any time_: _in any degree_. [_ON._ ei, ey] II. f. = ǣ

ā- (unemphatic verbal prefix); I. orig. = _forth, away_, but as a rule only intensitive in meaning. II. = on- III. ym(b)- IV. = ā (I.) in pronouns and participles, and gives a sense of indefiniteness. V. = ǣ-

āǣlan = onǣlan

āǣðan = āīeðan

āb = ōweb

ābacan^6 _to bake_, ÆH 2·268^9.

ābǣdan _to compel, restrain, ward off_: _exact, take toll_: _force out, extract_.

ābæligan = ǣbylgan

ābǣran _to disclose, bring to light_, DD 41.

ābære (W 274^24) = ǣbære [[headword spelled “ǣbǣre”]]

ābærnan = onbærnan

abal (#Gen# 500) = afol

ābannan^7 _to summon, convoke, command_: _announce, proclaim_. ā. ūt _call out, assemble_, _Chr_. [‘_abanne_’]

ābarian _to lay bare, disclose_.

abbad, abbod, abbot == abbud

abbud (a, o) m. ‘_abbot_,’ _BH, Chr_; Æ. [_L._ abbatem]

abbuddōm m. _abbatial jurisdiction_, BH.

abbudesse f. _abbess_, #Chr#.

abbudhād m. _abbatial rank, dignity_, LL.

abbudlēast f. _lack of an abbot_, BC 1·155´.

abbudrīce (o) n. _abbey, abbacy, office or jurisdiction of an abbot_ (used even of a convent of nuns).

ābēatan^7 _to beat, strike, break to pieces, make to fall_, _Cr_. [‘_abeat_’]

ābēcēdē f. _ABC, alphabet_.

ābedecian (eðe-) _to get by begging or asking_, #Bo# 71^12.

abedisse = abbudesse

ābēgan = ābȳgan

ābelgan^3 _to make angry, irritate, offend_, _Sol_; Æ, AO, CP: _hurt, distress_: _be angry with_. [‘_abelgen_’]

ābēodan^2 _to order, proclaim, bid, command, direct_: _summon, call out_: _announce, relate, declare, present, offer_, _AO_; Æ. hǣl ā. _to wish one good luck, greet, bid farewell to_. [‘_abede_’]

ābeofian = ābifian

ābēogan = ābūgan

ābeornan^3 _to take fire_, #PPs# 105^16.

ābēowan (WW 217^46) = ābȳwan

āberan^4 _to bear, carry_: _endure, suffer_, _Mt, Bo_; Æ, CP: _bear (a child)_, Æ: _take away, remove_: _reveal_: (refl.) _restrain oneself_: _do without_, NC 268.

ā-berd, -bered _crafty, cunning_.

āberendlic _bearable_.

ābernan (N) = ābeornan

āberstan^3 _to burst out, break out_, Æ, CP: _break away, escape_. ūt ā. _break out_.

ābeðecian = ābedecian

ābicgan = ābycgan

ābīdan^1 _to ‘abide,’ wait, remain, delay, remain behind_, AO: _survive_: _wait for, await_, Æ: _expect_, _Mt_ 11^3.

ābiddan^5 _to ask for, request, require, demand, pray, pray to, pray for_, Æ: _get by asking, obtain_, Æ, AO, CP: _call out (an army)_.

ābifian (eo) _to tremble, quake, shake_.

ābilgð, ābilhð = ǣbylgð

ābiran = āberan

ābiring = ābyrging

ābisg-, ābiseg- = ābysg-

ābītan^1 _to bite in pieces, tear to pieces, devour, gnaw_, Æ, AO: _taste, partake of, consume_.

ābit(e)rian _to turn bitter_, CP 341^24: _embitter_.

ābitt = ābit

ābītt = ābīt

[[The first edition gives “ābit” as a form of “ābiddan”,
“ābīt” as a form of “ābīdan” or “ābītan”.]]

āblācian _to become pale, grow faint_: _become tarnished_, CP 135^2.

āblǣcan _to bleach, whiten_, #BJPs# 50^9.

āblǣcnes f. _pallor, gloom_, #Lcd# 1·294.

āblǣcung f. _pallor_, #HGl# 518.

āblǣst _inspired, furious_.

āblāwan^1 _to blow, blow away, breathe upon_, _Æ_: _puff up, swell_, _Lcd_ 93b. [‘_ablow_’]

āblāw-nes, -ung f. _inflation_, #Lcd#.

āblegned _ulcerated_, #Lcd#.

āblendan _to blind, put out the eyes of_, Æ, CP: _dazzle, deceive, delude_, _Æ_. [‘_ablend_’]

āblēred _bare, uncovered, bald_. [blēre] [[headword spelled “blere”]]

āblīcan^1 _to shine, glitter_.

āblicgan = āblycgan

āblignes = ǣbylgnes

āblindan _to make blind_, #Bl# 151^4.

āblindian = āblendan

āblinnan^3 _to cease, leave off, desist_, Æ, AO, CP.

āblinnednes f. _cessation, interruption_, A 5·465.

āblinnendlīce _indefatigably_, #HGl# 429^32.

āblinnendnes = āblinnednes

āblisian (Æ) = āblysian

āblissian _to make glad, please_, GD 335n.

āblongen = ābolgen, pp. of ābelgan.

āblycgan (i) _to grow pale_, Æ: _make afraid_.

āblynnan = āblinnan

āblysian _to blush_.

āblysung f. _blushing, shame_, RB 133^11.

ābodian _to announce, proclaim_, LkR 12^3.

ābolgennes f. _irritation_, WW 230^19.

āborgian _to be surety for_, LL: (w. æt) _borrow_.

āborian = ābarian

ābracian _to engrave, emboss_.

ābrǣdan I. _to spread out, dilate_: _stretch out_, Æ. II. _bake_, #Lcd# 44a.

ābraslian _to crash, crackle_, GD 236^12.

ābrēac pret. 3 sg. of ābrūcan.

ābrēat pret. 3 sg. of ābrēotan.

ābrecan^4 _to break, break to pieces, break down, conquer, capture, violate, destroy_, Æ, AO, CP: _break away from_.

ābrēdan^3 _to move quickly, draw, unsheath, wench, pull out_, _Mt_: _withdraw, take away, draw back, free from_, Æ, AO. ūp ābroden _drawn up, raised up_: _start up, awake_. [‘_abraid_’]

ābredwian _to lay low, kill_, B 2619.

ābrēgan _to alarm, terrify_.

ābregdan = ābrēdan

ābrēotan^2 _to destroy, kill_.

ābrēotnes f. _extermination_, OET 182.

ābrēoðan^2 (intr.) _to fail, decay, deteriorate, perish, be destroyed_, _Ma_; Æ. ābroðen (pp.) _degenerate, reprobate_, _ÆGr_. (tr. and wk.) _destroy_. [v. ‘_brethe_’]

ābrerd- = onbryrd-

ābroðennes f. _baseness, cowardice_, W.

ābrūcan^3 _to eat_, A 11·1^17.

ābryrd- = onbryrd-

ābrȳtan _to destroy_, #EPs# 36^9.

ābūfan (= on-) adv. _above_, #Chr# 1090#e#.

ābūgan^2 (= on-) _to bow, incline, bend, submit, do reverence_, _B, ChrL_; Æ: _swerve, turn (to or from)_, _deviate_, CP: _withdraw, retire_: _be bent or turned, turn one’s self_. [‘_abow_’]

ābunden _unimpeded_.

ābūrod _not inhabited_, TC 162^28.

ābūtan, -būten, -būton. I. prep. acc. _on, about, around, on the outside, round about_, _CP, ChrL, Æ_. II. adv. _about, nearly_, _ChrC_. [= onbūtan; ‘_about_’]

ābycgan _to buy, pay for, requite_: _redeem_: _perform, execute_.

ābyffan _to mutter_, WW 447^24.

ābȳgan (ē) _to bend, deflect_: _subdue, bring low_: _convert_.

ābȳgendlic v. un-ā.

ābylg-, ābylig- = ǣbylg-

ā-byrgan, -byrian _to taste, eat_.

ābyrging (-iri-) f. _taste_.

ābysgian _to busy, occupy, employ_: _engage in, undertake_: _take up, fill_, GD.

ābysgung f. _occupation_: _trouble_.

ābȳwan (ēo) _to rub off, polish, cleanse, purify_.

ac I. conj. _but_: _but also, moreover, nevertheless, however_: _because, for_ (?): _and_ (?), #An# 569. ac gif _unless, except_, #Bl# 151. [_Goth._ ak] II. interrog. particle, _why, wherefore, whether_: in direct questions = _L. nonne, numquid_.

āc f. gds. and np. ǣc ‘_oak_,’ _Æ, Ct, Lcd_; Mdf: (‡) _ship of oak_: (w. nap. ācas) _name of the rune for =a=_. [_OHG._ eih]

ācǣgan = ācīgan

ācǣglod ‘_serratus_,’ #Nar# 20^26.

ācænn- = ācenn-

ācærran = ācirran

ācalan^6 _to become frost-bitten_, #Lcd# 2b.

acan^6 _to ‘ache,’ suffer pain_, _Æ_.

acas, acase f. (NG) = æcs

ācbēam m. _oak-tree_.

accent m. _accent_. [_L._]

accutian ?= ācunnian

āccynn n. _a kind of oak_, WW 430^6.

ācdrenc m. _oak drink, drink made from acorns_?, WW.

ace = ece

ācealdian _to become cold_, _Æ, CP_. [‘_acold_’]

ācēapian _to buy off, buy out_.

ācēlan _to cool off, still, quiet_, _Met_. [‘_akele_’]

ācelma = ǣcelma

ācen = ǣcen

ācennan _to bring forth, produce, renew_, _Bo, WG_; Æ: _attribute to_. [‘_akenne(d)_’]

ācennedlic _‘genuinus,’ native_, OEG.

ācennednes (_WG_; _Æ_), -cennes (_CP, NG_; AO) f. _birth_. [‘_akenn(ed)nes_’]

ācennend m. _parent_, DR 197^11.

ācennicge f. _mother_, DR.

ācenning f. _birth_, #Bk# 16.

ācēocian (tr.) _to choke_: (intr.) _burn out_.

ācēocung f. ‘_ruminatio_,’ WW 179^2.

āceorfan^3 _to cut off, hew down_, AO, CP. onweg ā. _to cut away_. of ā. _to cut off_, AO.

ācēosan^2 _to choose_, AO, CP.

acer = æcer

ācerr- = ācirr-

ācīgan _to call, summon_.

ācirran (e, y) (tr.) _to turn, turn away or aside_: (intr.) _turn oneself, go, return_.

ācirrednes v. onweg-ā. [[headword spelled “onwegācyrrednes”]]

ācl = ācol

āclǣc == āglǣc

āclǣnsian _to cleanse, purify_, Æ.

āclēaf n. _oak leaf_, #Lcd#.

āclēofan^2 _to cleave_, EC 351^10.

ācleopian _to call out_, WW 378^5.

+āclian † _to frighten, excite_. [ācol]

āclungen _contracted_, WW 239^37. [clingan]

ācmelu n. _acorn meal_, #Lcd#.

ācmistel f. _mistletoe_, #Lcd#.

ācn- = ēacn-

ācnāwan^1 _to know, recognise, understand_.

ācnyssan _to drive out, expel_, #SPs# 35^13.

ācofrian _to recover_, _Lcd_. [‘_acover_’]

ācol † _affrighted, dismayed_.

ācōlian _to grow cold_, CP.

ācolitus m. _acolyte_, LL [_L._].

ācolmōd † _fearful minded, timid_.

+ācolmōdian _to cast down, sadden_, WW 209^16. [ācol]

ācordian _to make terms, reconcile_, #Chr# 1120.

ācorenlic _eligible, worthy of choice_, CP 409^36.

ācostnian _to try, test, prove_, CM, WW.

ācræftan _to think out, devise_, AO 46^29.

ācrammian _to cram_, WW 236^10.

ācrēopian _to creep, crawl_, Æ.

ācrimman^3 (y) _to cram, stuff_, WW.

ācrind f. _oak bark_, #Lcd#.

ācrummen pp. of ācrimman.

acs = æx

ācs- = āsc-

acse = asce

āctān m. _oak-twig_, #Lcd#.

āctrēo n. _oak-tree_, #Wif# 28^36.

ācucian (Æ) = ācwician

ācul = ācol

ācuma (Æ) = ācumba

ācuman^4 _to come, come forth (from)_, Æ: _bear, bring_: _endure, withstand_, Æ: _get to or from, reach_, _Gen_. [‘_acome_’]

ācum-ba m., -be fn. _‘oakum,’ hards, tow_, _Lcd, OEG, WW_: _ashes of oakum_: _parings, clippings_. [cemban]

ācumendlic _tolerable_, Æ: _possible_.

ācumendlīcnes f. _possibility_.

ācunnan (NG) = oncunnan

ācunnian _to try, test, prove_: _experience_, CP.

ācunnung f. _experience, trial_, GD.

ācusan _to accuse_, MtL 12^10 [_L._].

ācwacian _to tremble_.

ācwæncan = ācwencan

ācweccan (tr.) _to move, swing, shake, vibrate_, _Ma_; Æ: (intr.) _quiver_, Æ. [‘_aquetch_’]

ācwelan^4 _to die, perish_, Æ, AO, CP.

ācwellan _to kill, destroy_, _JnL_; Æ, AO, CP. [‘_aquell_’]

ācwellednes (eæ^2) f. _slaughter_, #EPs# 43^22.

ācwencan _to quench, extinguish_, _Mt_; AO. [‘_aquench_’]

ācweorna m. _squirrel_, _Gl_. [‘_aquerne_’]

ācweorran^3 _to guzzle, gorge_, #ELPs# 77^71.

ācwern = ācweorna

ācwerren = ācworren pp. of ācweorran.

ācweðan^5 _to say, speak out, declare, utter, express, answer_, _Gen_: _reject, banish_, #Gen# 304. [‘_acweath_’]

ācwician (tr.) _to quicken, vivify_, _Ps_: (intr.) _revive_, _BH_. [‘_aquick_’]

ācwīnan^1 _to dwindle away, disappear, go out (of fire)_, BH, #LPs#.

ācwincan^3 _to vanish, be extinguished or eclipsed_.

ā-cwucian, -cwycian = ācwician

ācwudu m. _an oak wood_, KC 6·218^19.

ācwylan = ācwelan

ācwylman _to kill, slay_.

ācwylmian _to be tormented_, W 220^5.

ācwyncan = ācwencan

ācynned = ācenned pp. of ācennan.

ācyrr- = ācirr-

ācȳðan _to show, proclaim, reveal, announce, confirm, prove_.

ād mn. _heap, funeral pile, pyre_: _fire, flame_. [_OHG._ eit]

ādǣlan _to divide, separate_.

ādēadian _to fail, decay, mortify, become torpid or callous_, Æ.

ādēafian _to became deaf_, WW 179^25.

ādēafung f. _deafening, making deaf_, _Lcd_. [v. ‘_adeave_’]

ādel I. = ādl. II. = ādela

ādela m. _mud, dirt, filth, filthy place_, _Æ_. [‘_addle_’]

ādelfan^3 _to delve, dig, excavate_, Æ, AO, CP.

ādeliht _filthy_, WW.

ādelsēað m. _sewer, sink_, Æ.

ādēman _to judge, try, deprive of or exclude from by a legal decision_: _try, afflict_.

ādeorcian _to become dull, obscure, tarnished_, CP: _grow dark_, W.

āderian _to hurt_, GD 219^19.

adesa m., adese f. _‘adze,’ hatchet_, _BH, W_.

ādexe = āðexe

ād-faru f. ds. -fære _way or path to the funeral pile_, B 3010.

ādfini n. _limit_? _ash-heap of a beacon_? EC 354^5.

ādfȳr n. _sacrificial fire_, #Ex# 398.

+ādgian = +ēadgian

ādihtan _to compose, write_.

ādihtian _to regulate, arrange, order_, CP.

ā-dīlegian, -dīl(i)gian (ȳ) _to destroy, blot out, annihilate, devastate_, CP.

ādimmian _to become dim or dull, to darken, obscure_, CP.

ādl fn., ādle f. _disease, infirmity, sickness_, AO, CP.

ādlēg m. _flame of the funeral pile_, #Ph# 222.

±ādlian _to be diseased or ill, languish_, Æ: _cause disease_, DR.

ādlig _sick, diseased_, Æ.

ādliga m. _sick person_

ādliht = ādeliht

ādloma m. _one crippled by fire_, #Gu# 884. [lama?]

ādlsēoc _sick of a contagious disease_, ES 39·322.

ādl-ðracu ‡ f. gs. -ðræce _force of disease_.

ādlung f. _illness_, ÆH 1·122^31.

ādlwērig _weary from illness_, #Gu# 981.

ādōn (for conj. v. dōn) _to take away, send away_: _cast out, expel, destroy_: (w. preps. _to, on, from, etc._) _put, place, take, remove, set free_, AO, CP.

adosa = adesa

ādrǣdan = ondrǣdan

ādrǣfan _to drive away, shut out, expel_, AO, CP. [‘_adreve_’]

ādrǣnct = ādrenced pp. of ādrencan.

ādragan^6 _to draw (sword)_, HL 15^356.

ādrēfan = ādrǣfan

adreminte f. _feverfew_.

ādrencan _to submerge, immerse, drown_, AO. [‘_adrench_’]

ādrēogan^2 _to act, perform, do, practise_, _Æ_: _bear, suffer, endure_, _An_; CP: _pass time, live_, Æ. [‘_adree_’]

ādrēogendlic _bearable_.

ādrēohan = ādrēogan

ādrēopan^2 _to drip, drop_, #An#.

ādrēosan^2 _to fall to pieces, decline, vanish, fail_.

ādrīfan^1 _to drive, drive away, drive out, pursue, follow up_, _LL_; Æ, AO, CP: _stake out (a ford)_: _chase (metal)_, Æ. [‘_adrive_’]

ādrīgan = ādrȳgan

ādrincan^3 _be drowned, extinguished_, _BH_; AO. [‘_adrink_’]

ādrūgian, ādrūwian (_Mt, Æ_) _to dry up_. [‘_adroughe_’]

ādrȳgan (ī) _to become dry, dry up, wither_, CP: _dry, wipe dry_.

ādrysnan _to extinguish, repress_, NG.

adsa = adesa

adulsēað = adelsēað [[headword spelled “ādelsēað”]]

ādumbian _to become dumb, keep silence_, _Mk_; Æ. [v. ‘_dumb_’ vb.]

a-dūn, -dūna, -dūne adv. _down, downward_, Æ. [= ofdūne]

adūne(ā)stīgan _to descend_, #CPs#.

adūnfeallan _to fall down_, #EPs# 144^14.

adūnweard adv. _downwards_, _ChrL_. [‘_a-downward_’]

ādūstrigan = andūstrian

ādwǣscan (ē) _to put out, quench, extinguish, blot out, destroy_, AO: _suppress_, Æ, CP.

ā-dwelian _to wander, stray_.

ādwellan, pret. 3 sg. -dwealde _to seduce, lead astray_: _hinder_, Æ.

ādwēscan = ādwǣscan

ādwīnan^1 _to dwindle or waste away_.

ādȳdan _to destroy, mortify, kill_, _Æ_. [‘_adeaden_’]

ādȳfan _to overpower with sound_.

ādylf = ādealf pret. of ādelfan.

ādȳlgian, ādȳlegian = ādīlegian

ādymman = ādimmian

ādysgian _to make foolish_, W 185^12.

ǣ- accented verbal prefix, = (1) _without_; (2) ā-.

ǣ I. f. also ǣw f. (and m. or n.? in _NG_) _law (divine or human_), _custom, covenant_, AO, CP; _WG, NG_. butan ǣ _outlaw_: (esp. in pl.) _rite, ceremony_: _faith, religion_. unrihte ǣ _false religion_. Crīstes ǣ _gospel_: _scriptures, revelation_: _marriage_, Æ: _(lawful) wife_. For some comps. v. ǣw-. [‘_æ_’] II. = ēa I. III. interj. _oh! alas!_

ǣa I. = ēa I. II. gp. of ǣ.

æal- = eal-

ǣalā interj. = ēalā

ǣar- = ēar-

āeargian _to become remiss_, AO 212^20.

ǣbǣre (ē _LL_) _manifest, notorious, public, open, evident, clear_. [‘_eber_’]

āebbian _to ebb away, recede_, #Chr#.

æbbung (= ebb-) f. ‘_ebbing_.’ sǣ æ. _gulf, bay_, _WW_ 154

ǣbebod n. _injunction of the law, command_, #PPs# 118^102.

ǣbēc fp. _books of the law_, WW 439^15.

ǣbēre = ǣbǣre

ǣbesn = ǣfesn [[headword spelled “æfesn”]]

ǣbilg-, -bili(g)- = ǣbylg-

ǣblǣc- = āblǣc-

ǣblǣce _lustreless, pale, pallid_.

ǣbod m. _business_, Æ: _statute_.

ǣboda m. _messenger, preacher_, #Gu# 909.

ǣbræce = ǣwbræce [[headword spelled “ǣwbrǣce”]]

ǣbreca = ǣwbreca

ǣbrecð f. _sacrilege_, #LPs#.

ǣbrucol _sacrilegious_, GPH 402.

æbs f? _fir-tree_, Æ. [_L._ abies]

ǣbylg n. = ǣbylgð

ǣbylga m. _anger_, #LPs# 77^49.

±ǣbylgan, -byli(g)an _to make angry, offend_, Æ.

ǣbylgnes f. _anger, offence_, Æ.

ǣbylgð, -bylgðu f. _anger_, AO.

ǣbylig- = ǣbylg-

ǣ-bylð, -bylygð = ǣbylgð

ǣc I. f. = āc. II. (N) = ēac

ǣcambe f. = ācumbe [[under “ācumba”]]

ǣcan = īecan

æccyrn = æcern

æce = ece

ǣce = ēce

æced = eced

æcedwīn n. _wine mingled with myrrh_, MkL 15^23.

ǣcēlan = ācēlan

ǣcelma m. _chilblain_, OEG, WW.

ǣcelmehte (ecil-) _having chilblains_, OEG 1523.

ǣcen I. _a wood of oaks_. II. _oaken_, WW 270^14. III. = ēacen pp. of ēacan.

æcer nap. æcras m. _field, sown land, cultivated land_, _Mt_; Æ, AO, CP; Mdf: _a certain quantity of land, ‘acre,’_ _Æ_; v. LL 2·267: _crop_.

æcerceorl m. _countryman, farmer_, NC 268.

æceren = æcern

æcerhege m. _hedge of a field_, KC 3·33^2.

æcermǣlum _by acres_, KC 6·98^5.

æcermann m. _farmer_, _WW_. [‘_acreman_’]

æcern n. _nut, mast of tree_, _Æ_ (i^2): ‘_acorn_,’ WW.

æcernspranca m. _‘ilex,’ oak sapling_? #ÆGr# 69^15.

æcersǣd n. _seed enough for an acre_? #Chr# 1124.

æcerteoðung f. _tithe of the produce of the soil_, W 310^24.

æcertȳning f. _fencing_, EC 377^9.

æcerweorc n. _field-work_, GPH 391.

æces = æx

æcest, æceð pres. 2 and 3 sg. of acan.

ǣcilma = ǣcelma

æcirn = æcern

ǣclǣca = āglǣca

ǣclēaw = ǣglēaw

ǣcnōsle _degenerate, not noble_, WW.

+ǣcnōsliende _degenerating_, WW 218^12.

ǣcræft † m. _knowledge of law or ordinances, religion_.

ǣcræftig _learned in the law_; as sb. = _lawyer, scribe, Pharisee_.

æcras v. æcer.

æcren = æcern

æcs f. _‘axe,’ pickaxe, hatchet_, CP; _Mt_ (æx).

æcst, æcð pres. 2 and 3 sg. of acan.

ǣcumba = ācumba

æcur = æcer

æcyrf m. _(wood-)choppings_, BH 224^15.

æd (NG) = æt

æd- = ed-

ædderseax (WW) = ǣdreseax

æddre, ǣdr = ǣdre

ǣdre I. f. _artery, vein, pulse, nerve, sinew_, _B_; AO: pl. _veins, kidneys_: _runlet of water, fountain, spring, stream_. [‘_eddre_’] II. adv. _at once, directly, instantly, quickly_: (†) _fully, entirely_. [_OS._ ādro]

ǣdreseax (der) n. _lancet_, WW 410^10.

ǣdreweg m. _artery, vein_.

ǣdrīfan = ādrīfan

ædwist = edwist

æfæst = æfest

ǣfæst = ǣwfæst

æfdæll -dell (NG) = ofdæle

æfdȳne m. _declivity_, #Gl#.

ǣfelle _without skin, peeled_, WW 190^31.

æfen = efen

ǣfen (ē) nm. _‘even,’ evening, eventide_, _B, MkL, Gu_ (ēfn). tō ǣfenes _till evening_: _eve_, _RB_.

ǣfencollatio _the ‘collatio’ read before compline_, NC 268.

ǣfendrēam m. _even-song_, RB.

ǣfengebed n. _evening service_, WW 129^34.

ǣfengereord n. _evening meal, supper_ (often used in pl. of one meal).

ǣfengereordian _to sup, give supper to_, CM 1030.

ǣfengereordung f. _supper_, NC 269.

ǣfengeweorc n. _evening work_, #Lcd# 70b.

ǣfen-giefl, -gifl n. _evening repast, supper_, AO, CP.

ǣfen-glōm, -glōma m., -glōmung (omm-, eom-) f. _gloaming, twilight_.

ǣfengrom _fierce at eve_, B 2074.

æfenian = æfnian [[headword spelled “ǣfnian”]]

ǣfenlāc n. _evening sacrifice, evening prayer_, #PPs# 140^3.

ǣfenlǣcan _to grow towards evening_, Lk 24^29.

ǣfenlēoht n. _evening light_, B 403.

ǣfenleoð † n. _evening song_.

ǣfenlic _of the evening_; adv. -līce.

ǣfenlof n. _lauds (service)_, CM 1035.

ǣfenmete m. _supper_.

ǣfenoffrung f. _evening sacrifice_, NC 269.

ǣfenrǣding f. _reading (during the evening meal at a monastery), ‘collatio,’_ CM.

ǣfenrepsung f. _nightfall_, Æ.

ǣfen-rest, -ræst † f. _evening rest_.

ǣfensang m. ‘_evensong_,’ _Æ, RB_.

ǣfensceop m. _evening singer, bard_, #Rd# 9^5. [scop]

ǣfenscīma m. _evening splendour_, #Gen# 2448.

ǣfensprǣc f. _evening talk_, B 759.

ǣfensteorra m. _the evening star, Hesperus_, _Bo_; Æ. [‘_evenstar_’]

ǣfen-tīd f., -tima m. _eventide_, Æ.

ǣfenðēnung f. _evening service_: _evening repast, supper_.

ǣfenðēowdōm m. _evening service or office_, WW 129^34.

ǣfenung = ǣfnung

ǣfer = ǣfre

æferðe f. _name of a plant_, #Lcd#.

æfes- = efes-

æfesa ? m., æfese (m.) f. = æfesn

æfesn, æfesen f. _relish, dainty, special pasturage, pannage_; _the charge for special pasturage_, LL.

æfesne ?= æpsen?

æfest mf. _envy, hatred, malice, spite_, CP; _El, Ps_: _zeal, rivalry_. [‘_evest_’]

ǣfest == ǣwfæst

æfestful _full of envy_.

±æfestian -igian _to be or become envious_.

æfestig _envious_: _zealous_.

æfestlīce = ofostlīce [[under “ofost”]]

æfgælð f. _superstition_, OEG.

æfgerefa (-groefa) ‘_exactor_,’ LkL 12^58.

æfgrynde n. _abyss_, #PPs# 35^6.

æfhynde = ofhende

æfian (-an?) _to be in a miserable condition_, #Cr# 1357 (or æfnan? Gollancz).

æfisc (EC 291) = efesc [[under “efes”]]

æflāst m. _a wandering from the way_? #Ex# 473.

±æfnan (e) _to carry out, do, perform, fulfil_: _cause_: _endure, suffer_: (+) _hold, sustain_. [_ON._ efna]

æfne = efne

±ǣfnian _to grow towards evening_, Æ.

ǣfnung f. _‘evening,’ sunset_, _Æ_.

ǣfre adv. _‘ever,’ at any time_, _Sat, Mt_: _always, constantly, perpetually_, _Cr, RB_; Æ, CP: _henceforth_: ne ǣ.; ǣ. ne (= nǣfre) _never_; ǣ. tō aldre _for ever_. ǣ. ǣlc, _W, Chr_. ǣ. ǣnig _any at all_, _KC_.

æfreda m. _what is taken or separated from_, OEG (Napier). [æf; *hreda (hreddan)]: _tow, oakum_ (BT).

ǣfremmende _pious, religious_, #Jul# 648.

æfse I. = efes. II. = æbs

æfsecgan _to confute_, ES 42^163.

æfst == æfest

æfsweorc n. _pasturage_, WW 410^12 (= *æfesweorc).

æft = eft

æftan adv. _from behind, behind, in the rear_, _Ma_. [‘_aft_’]

æftanweard adj. _behind, in the rear, following_, #Rd# 63^5.

æftemest adj. _last, hindmost_, Æ, AO.

æfter I. prep. (w. d., i. and--chiefly N.--a.) (local and temporal) _after, along, behind, through, throughout, during_: (causal) _following, in consequence of, according to, for the purpose of_: (object) _after, about, in pursuit of, for_. II. adv. _after, then, afterwards, thereafter_: _thereupon, later, back_ (= _in return_). æ. ðon, ðæm, ðisum; æ. ðæm (ðon, ðan) ðe; _afterwards, thereafter_.

æftera = æfterra

æfterǣ f. _the book Deuteronomy_, Æ.

æfterboren adj. _‘afterborn,’ posthumous_, _ÆGr_.

æftercweðan^5 _to speak after, repeat_. æftercweðendra lof _praise from posterity_: _to renounce, abjure_, #Chr# 1094.

æftercyning m. _later king_, BH 140^24 B.

æfterealu n. _small beer_, WW 129^4.

æfterfilian = æfterfylgan [[under “æfterfolgan”]]

æfterfiligend = æfterfylgend

æfterfolgere m. _follower_, AO 142^23.

æfter-folgian, -fylgan (AO) _to follow after, succeed, pursue_.

æfterfylgednes f. _sequel_, ÆL 23b^365.

æfterfylgend m. _follower, successor_, AO, -līce _in succession_.

æfterfylgendnes f. _succession_, SHy 11.

æfterfylgung (eft-) f. _pursuit_.

æfterfylig- = æfterfylg-

æfter-genga, -gengea m. _follower, successor_: _descendant_, Æ.

æftergengel m. _successor_, KC.

æftergengnes f. _succession_, Æ: _posterity_: _inferiority_.

æftergyld n. _further payment_, LL.

æfterhǣðe f? _autumn drought_, AO 102^7.

æfterhyrigan _to imitate_, BH.

æfterlēan n. _reward, recompense, restitution, retribution_, #Gen# 76.

æfterlic _second_, WW 505^19.

æfterra (comp.) _second, following, next, latter, lower_, CP.

æfter-rāp (Æ) -ræpe m. _crupper_.

æfterrīdan^1 _to ride after_.

æfterrōwan^7 _to row after_, ES 41^325.

æfterryne m. ‘_occursus_,’ #CPs# 18^7.

æftersang m. _(after-song), _matins_, CM 449.

æftersingallic (= -sanglic) _of matins_, CM 476.

æftersingend m. _succentor_, WW 129^23.

æftersona _soon, afterwards, again_, NG.

æfterspræc f. _after-claim_, LL 398^7.

æftersprecan^5 _to claim_, LL 226[9,4].

æfterspyrian _to track out, search, inquire into, examine_, CP.

æfterweard adj. _after, following, further, behind, in the rear, later_, Æ.

æfterweardnes f. _posterity_, WW 464^18.

æfterwriten _written afterwards_, #Lcd# 69b.

æfterwyrcan _to cause, effect_.

æfter-yld, -yldo f. †_advanced age, old age_: _after age, later time_, BH. [ield(o)]

æfteweard = æfterweard

æftewearde adv. _behind_.

æftra = æfterra

æftresta superl. _last_.

æftum adv. _after_, MtR 24^21.

æftyr = æfter

æfðanc, æfðanca (o, u) m. _insult, offence_: _grudge, displeasure, anger_.

æf-weard (CP) -ward _absent_.

æfweardnes f. _absence_, #Bo#, GD.

æfwela f. _decrease of wealth_, #Lcd# 3·170^13.

æfwendla (WW 223^1) = æfwyrdla

æf-werdelsa, -wyrdelsa m. _injury, damage, loss_.

æfwyrdla, m. _injury, damage, loss_: _fine for injury or loss_.

æfwyrð(u) ? f. _degradation, disgrace_, RB.

ǣfyllende _fulfilling the law, pious_, #Cr# 704.

ǣfyn = ǣfen

ǣfyrmða fp. _sweepings, rubbish_. [feormian]

ǣg n. (nap. ǣgru) ‘_egg_,’ _Lcd, Lk, OET, Met_.

ǣg = īeg

ǣgan = āgan

æge = ege

ǣgen = āgen

ǣgera (K) dp. of ǣg.

ǣgerfelma f. _egg-skin_, #Lcd# 20b.

ǣgergelu n. _yolk of egg_, #Gl#. [ǣg, geolu]

ǣgflota m. _seafarer, sailor_, #An# 258. [īeg]

ǣggemang n. _egg-mixture_, WW.

ǣg-hwā mf., -hwæt, n. pron. _each one, every one, everything, who or whatever_. ǣghwǣt neut. _anything_. [ǣg = āgi]

ǣghwǣr _everywhere, in every direction_, _Mk_; Æ: _in every case, in every respect_: _anywhere_. [‘_aywhere_’]

ǣghwæs (gs. of ǣghwā) _altogether, in every way, entirely, wholly, throughout, in general_.

ǣghwæt v. ǣghwā.

ǣghwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer). I. pron. _each or every one (of two or more)_, _‘either,’ both_, _AO, Mt_ (gð). II. conj. ǣghwæðer (ge)...ge; ǣgðer...and _both...and_; _as well...as_.

ǣg-hwanan, -hwanon(e), -hwannon, -hwanum, _from all parts, everywhere, on every side, in every way_.

ǣg-hwār, -hwēr = ǣghwǣr

ǣghwelc = ǣghwilc

ǣghweðer = ǣghwæðer

ǣghwider _on every side, in all directions_: _in any direction, anywhere_.

ǣghwilc adj. _each, every, whosoever, whatsoever, all, every one_, _Bo, Met_. ǣ. ānra _each_. ǣ. ōðer _each other_, _Ma_. ǣghwilces _in every way_. [v. ‘_each_’]

ǣg-hwonan, -hwonon (CP), -hwonene = ǣghwanan

ǣghwyder = ǣghwider

ǣghwylc = ǣghwilc

ǣgift f. (m? n?) _restitution, repayment_.

ǣgilde adv. _receiving no ‘wergild’ as compensation_, LL.

ǣgilt = ǣgylt

ǣglǣc == āglǣc

ǣglēaw _learned in the law_.

ǣglēca = āglǣca

ǣglīm m. _white of egg_. [līm]

ǣgmang (WW 4^89) = ǣggemang

ǣgmore f. _root of the eye, socket_? #Lcd# 3·98^5. [ēage]