Chapter M (3)

=overthwart,= across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15; bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an adverse circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s Misc. p. 27. ‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _overthwarte_: ‘_ovyr wharte_, transversus’ (Prompt. EETS. 321).

=overture,= an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss has: ‘_Overture_, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and used in good writers.’ Anglo-F. _overture_, an opening (Gower).

=overture,= used to mean _overthrow_. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1 (Glister). See NED. for other examples.

=overwent,= oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The gloss has: ‘overwent, overgone.’

=owch,= a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31. See =ouch.=

=owdell,= a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh _awdl_, a rime or assonance.

=owe,= to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. 123. ME. _owen_, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. C. 361); OE. _āgan_. See =ought.=

=ower,= a form of _oar_; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482.

=Owlglass,= a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German _Eulenspiegel_; see below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of an old German jest-book translated into English in 1560.

=owl-spiegle,= an English part-rendering of German _Eulenspiegel_ (_Eule_, owl + _spiegel_, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of mediaeval times, the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, thou houlet! . . . owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘Ulen Spiegel!’, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. _espiègle_ (Hatzfeld). See above.

=ox:= Proverbial saying—_The black ox has trod on his foot_, i.e. he has fallen into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a pretty wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade on their foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in their youth’, id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod on his nor her foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black ox never trod on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity meant’, Ray, Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 6 (Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).

P

=paciens,= ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with great long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, Chronology, 1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions).

=pack,= to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155; _packed_, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus).

=packing,= confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121; Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni).

=pad,= a toad, proverbial saying, _a pad in the straw_, a lurking danger; ‘In straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 656; Gosson, School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Chat). In Yorks. ‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. _padda_, a toad; Flem. _padde_, ‘crapauld’ (Plantin).

=paddock,= a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes,
_grenouilles_’, Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or
toad (EDD.).

=pad,= a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); _horse pad_, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); _high pad_, the highway, Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or Knight of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. _Pad_, a road-horse, a pad-nag, Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence _padder_, a foot-pad, Massinger, New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); _padding_, robbing on the highway, ‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. ‘Pad’ is in gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). Low G. _pad_, path; _padden_, to go on foot (Koolman).

=pad,= a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.^{5}), and NED. (Pad, sb.^{4}).

=pagador,= pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657). Span. _pagador_, a paymaster (Stevens).

=pagan,= a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; a bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host).

=paggle,= to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.).

=paigle,= a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7); spelt _paggles_, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=painful,= painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 147; ‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, 170. Still in use in the north country (EDD.).

=painted,= adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a handsome exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, vainglory, id., Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., Antigonus, § 14.

=painted cloth,= cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED.

=pair of cards,= a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares.

=pair of organs,= an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.); ‘_Unes orgues_, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, 183. See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c).

=pair-royal,= in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, Ford, Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’, Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler, Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; _pair-royal_, riming with _trial_); ‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See Nares and NED. ‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of (1) a ‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a gathering of persons of a similar disposition (EDD.). See =parreal.=

=paise;= see =peise.=

=pall,= to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer, Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I, Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532).

=palliard,= a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Palliards_, one of the twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by means of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. _paillard_, ‘a knave, rascall’, &c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. _paille_, L. _palea_, straw.

=palm,= the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points project. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124.

=palmplay,= a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. Cp. F. _jeu de paume_ (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume).

=palped,= that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. _palpare_, to feel.

=palt,= to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 165.

=palter,= to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 63.

=paltock,= a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; bk. v, c. 10; OF. _paletocque_; ‘Paltocke, a garment, _halcret_’ (Palsgrave). ME. _paltok_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); _paltoke_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1569). F. _palletoc_, ‘a long and thick pelt or cassock, a garment like a short cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Paletot).

=Paltock’s inn,= a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably here a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. ‘pollutum hospitium’, l. 61).

=pampestry,= a corrupt form of _palmistry_. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 25. ME. _pawmestry_ (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870).

=pamphysic,= concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. παμ- + φυσικός.

=panada, panado,= bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants, sugar, &c. _Panada_, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); _panado_, Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver), the word is spelt _poynado_. Span. _panada_. See Stanford (s.v. Panade).

=panarchic,= all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + _-ic_.

=panax,= all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. _panax_; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, all-healing.

=pandora,= a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See Stanford.

=paned hose,= breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham). From _pane_, a patch of cloth. OF. _pan_, L. _pannus_.

=panel;= see =pannel.=

=pannam,= bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=pannel,= a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A straw-stufft pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; _panel_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. OF. _panel_, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘_paneau_ (_panneau_), a pannel of a saddle’ (Cotgr.).

=pannikell,= the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. _panniculus_, the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. Pannicle).

=pantler,= the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, _panis custos_, _promus_’, Gouldman. ME. _pantelere_, ‘panitarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 326, see note, no. 1571).

=pantofle,= a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat, iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish Curate, iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘_Baseæ_ . . . a kynde of slippers or pantofles’, Cooper, Thesaurus. F. _pantoufle_ (1489 in Hatzfeld). The usual English stress on the first syllable facilitated the corruptions: _pantapple_ (Baret), _pantable_ (Sydney, Arcadia), _pantocle_ (Ascham, Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to words in _-ple_, _-ble_, _-cle_. See NED.

=pap:= phr. _pap with a hatchet_, infant’s food administered with a hatchet instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or chastisement; ‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and when wee speake for that wee love [like], _pap with a hatchet_’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Livia); the name of a controversial tract attributed to Lyly.

=parage,= lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf 110, back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister Doister, Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. _parage_, ‘parente, affinité; noblesse, naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. _paratge_, ‘naissance noble, noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. _paraticum_, see Ducange (s.v. Paragium).

=paramento,= an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Incubo). Span. _paramento_, ornament; Med. L. _paramentum_, ornament; _parare_, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See =pare.=

=paranymph,= friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F. _paranymphe_, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall businesses’ (Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John iii. 29); Gk. παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride.

=parator;= see =paritor.=

=paravaunt,= beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. 10. 15. F. _par avant_.

=parboil,= to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Downright). See Dict.

=parbreak, parbrake,= to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; Hall, Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as sb., vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. _parbrakynge_, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.); the usual form in Prompt. is _brakyn_, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. 749).

=parcel,= a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, BIBLE, John iv. 5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item, particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160.

=parcel,= partly; _parcel-gilt_, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. _Parcel_, used for _parcel-gilt_, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Mother). So also _parcel-bawd_; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; Fletcher, Captain, i. 1 (Lodovico). _Parcel-popish_, Fuller, Worthies, Somerset. See NED. (s.v. Parcel, B. 1).

=parclose, perclose,= close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter. Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97. Norm. F. _parclose_, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot.

=parcloos, parclose,= an enclosed space in a building, small chamber. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. _parclose_, an enclosure (Gower); OF. _parclouse_, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de haies’ (Didot).

=pardalis,= a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; _pardale_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther.

=pare,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence _parement_, an ornament, id., leaf 236. 27. See =paramento.=

=paregal,= fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134; _peregall_, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. _paregal_, ‘parfaitement égal’; see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See =peregall.=

=parel,= ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, _parrelments_, clothes, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. _paraille_, clothing (P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. _apareiller_, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy).

=parerga,= unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work.

=parget,= ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9. Anglo-F. _pargeter_, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. 2634); see Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see =pergit.=

=parish-top,= a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 44. See =town-top.=

=paritor, parator,= ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an ecclesiastical court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); _parator_, Heywood, 2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. _apparitor_, a public servant, such as a lictor (Cicero).

=parket,= a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore).

=parlance,= speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix. 12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. _parlance_, ‘entretien’ (Moisy).

=parlant,= one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32.

=parle,= a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62; to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122.

=parlous,= alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35.

=parmesant,= cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); _parmesent_, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 (Poggio). F. _parmesan_, Ital. _parmegiano_, belonging to Parma. See Stanford (s.v. Parmesan).

=parnel,= a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. _pernelle_ (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116); F. _peronnelle_, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ orig. a feminine Christian name, ME. _Peronelle_ (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); OF. _Peronelle_, a Christian name from St. _Petronilla_. Hence the surname Parnell (Bardsley, 582).

=paroli,= at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the money won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. _paroli_, ‘a grand part, set, or cast at dice’; _parolare_, ‘to play at a grand part at dice’ (Florio). See Stanford.

=paronomasia,= a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. See Stanford.

=parreal,= ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The _we’s_, which is a distinct _parreal_ of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We Three Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of _two_ silly-looking faces, the unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of Signboards (1866), p. 458. See =pair-royal.=

=parrelments;= see =parel.=

=parsee,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge that hunts my heart By _parsee_ each-wheare found’ (i.e. found everywhere by means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 36, st. 90; ‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by _parsie_ [by the trail] after the stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. _percé_, lit. pierced; hence, a wounded animal. Finally, confused with _pursue_. See =persue.=

=parson,= a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 (Servant).

=part,= a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of Chalengers’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25.

=partage,= a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana). Anglo-F. _partage_, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654).

=parted,= gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro).

=Partlet,= a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to a woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. _Pertelote_, the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. B. 4075, 4295, 4552).

=partlette,= a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12, _partlettes_ = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; _partelettes_, Cranmer’s Bible, 1539; ‘_Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les femmes couvrent leurs poictrines_, a partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.).

=pash,= the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2. 128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=pash,= to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax); Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414) (Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=pashe:= in phr. _for the pashe of God_, Roister Doister, iv. 3; _for the pashe of our sweete Lord Jesus Christ_, id., v. 5; _for the passion of God_, id., iv. 3.

=pass,= to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence _passing_, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. i. 26; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. (s.v. Pass, vb. 8).

=pass,= to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1; _to pass of_, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous speeches’, id., Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; _to pass for_, to care for, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 (Edward).

=passado,= a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184; Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. _passade_, Sp. _pasada_, It. _passata_.

=passage,= a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws continually till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out or loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he _passeth_, and wins’, Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘_Passe-dix_, such a game as our Passage’, Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, ii. 1. 3. See =court-passage.=

=passant= (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side, with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal. Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. _passant_, passing.

=passata,= the same as =passado.= Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).

=passe-measure, passameasure= (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a slow dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; _a passy measures Pavyn_, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; _passa-measures galliard_, Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. _passamezzo_, for _passo e mezzo_, i.e. a step and a half; see NED.

=passement,= gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. _passement_; Span. _passamano_, ‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens).

=passion,= sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Dutch Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, The Old Law, i. 1 (Simonides).

=passionate,= sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, ii. 1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin Clout, 427.

=pastance,= pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song by Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). F. _passe-temps_; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on ‘cette phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps”’.

=pastillo,= a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. _pastillus_, an aromatic lozenge (Horace).

=pastler,= a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, 115). ME. _pastelere_, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. 1582). OF. _pastellier_ (Godefroy).

=patache,= a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships, pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span. _patache_ (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. _bastasia_, ‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford.

=patch,= a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius).

†=pathaires,= explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not found elsewhere.

=patish,= to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To pattish, patise, covenant, _pacisci_’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given as an obsolete Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive together’ (EDD.). Cp. OF. _patis_, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); _patiser_, to agree upon; deriv. of L. _pactum_, an agreement.

=patoun,= the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. _pâton_, lump or pellet of paste (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=patrico,= a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe), near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19.

=patrone,= a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. _patron_, ‘modèle, exemple’ (Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. _patron_, ‘modèle’ (Levy).

=patten,= a form of _pattern_. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (_or_ 2) (E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, _prototypon_’, Levins, Manip.

=paunce, pawnce,= the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; _panse_, Holland, Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. _panse_, _pense_, thought, O. Prov. _pensa_, ‘pensée’ (Levy).

=pauncie,= the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. _pensée_, ‘a thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.).

=pautener, pawtener,= a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 44; ‘Pautner, _malette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pawtenere_, _pawytnere_, ‘cassidile’ (Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. _pautonniere_, ‘a shepherd’s scrip’ (Cotgr.).

=pavan,= a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); _pavin_, Twelfth N. v. 1. 207; _paven_, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); _pavion_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 19. 12. F. _pavane_, Ital. _pavana_, Span. _pavana_ (_pabana_). See Stanford.

=pavis,= a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp. in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron. Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii, 13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). Span. _paves_ (Stevens); Ital. _pavese_, _palvese_ (Florio); Med. L. _pavenses_, pl. (Ducange); perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Pavois).

=paw,= improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, v. 2 (Tattle). From _paw_, or _pah!_ interj., expressive of disgust.

=Pawn,= ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little lawn then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. F. _pan_ (de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une gallerie ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se pourmeine, _ambulacrum_’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. _pandt_, ‘a Covert-walking place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham).

=pax,= a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by the celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others. Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. _pax_, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called _osculatorium_, see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903).

=payne mayne,= white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, _payn de bouche_’, Palsgrave. ME. _payndemayn_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1915); _payman_, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. _pain demeine_, Med. L. _panis dominicus_, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; cp. L. _vinum dominicum_, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See =demain.=

=payre,= to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26; § 97. 3. See =appair.=

=paytrelle,= ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119, back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. _peitral_ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Poitrel).

=peace,= to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. _Duchess._ I will not peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we passed by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii.

=peak,= to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, ii. 2. 594; _peaking_, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71.

=peak,= to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, § 67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away, in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2} 1 (2)). See =pick.=

=peak-goose,= a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54); Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt _pea-goose_, Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique).

=peakish,= remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange Within a forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; ‘Snow on Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. _obscura_). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown to refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire.

=pearl,= a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. _perle_ of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.).

=pease, pese,= a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; ‘Not worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; _Peason_, peas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. _pese_, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. _pisa_, _piosa_, a pea (Sweet).

=pease, peaze,= to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1 (Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. _pese_, to appease (Chaucer, C. T. H. 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, _apese_). OF. _apaisier_ (Didot).

=peat,= used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades of meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland for a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. Peat, sb.^{2}).

=peaze;= see =peise.=

=peccadillo,= a collar. _Wooden peccadillo_, wooden collar (i.e. the pillory); Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See =pickadil.=

=peck,= meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene pecke, good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=peculiar,= private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11.

=ped,= a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller, Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME. _pedde_, ‘idem quod _paner_’ (Prompt.). See =pad= (3).

=pedee;= see =peedee.=

=pedescript,= that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said humorously by one who had been kicked; with _pede-_ substituted for _manu-_. Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash).

=pedlar’s French,= unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Club).

=pee,= a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. _pije_, ‘a pie-gowne, or a rough-gowne, as souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence _pea-jacket_.

=peeble,= pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’, Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); _peeble-stone_, Golding, Metam. i. 575. The usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.).

=peedee,= a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy); _pedee_, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, Dict., 1706.

=peek, peke,= to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’, Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=peel-crow;= see =pilcrow.=

=peeled,= bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30.

=peep,= an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49; ‘_Pinta_, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the usual word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. Yorkshire (H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single blossom of flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.^{2} 1). See =pip.=

=peepin, pepin,= a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Pippin).

=peevish,= self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, i. 4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘_Pertinax hominum genus_, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4. Hence _peevishness_, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed pertinacity’, Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi.

=pegma, pegme,= a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square, wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘_His Vincas_’; ‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. _pegma_, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together.

=peise, paise,= weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 167; _peaze_, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; to weigh, ‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 (NED.); to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan); to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his wings’, Golding, tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd Amid the ocean waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard III, v. 3. 100; Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a weight upon, so as to retard, ‘’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 22. ME. _peisen_, to weigh: ‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. 2); Anglo-F. _peise_, pres. s. of _peser_; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. 1279); L. _pensare_, to weigh, ponder.

=pelamis,= a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. _pelamys_; Gk. πηλαμύς.

=peld,= ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and _peld_’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 599 (L. _egenos_). See =peeled.=

=pelican,= a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face).

=pelowre,= a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48. ME. _pelowre_, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331).

=pelt,= a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. _pelta_, Gk. πέλτη, a leathern shield.

=pelt,= to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at all ready] to _pelt_’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the same word as _pelt_, to strike. See NED.

=pelting,= petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas. for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328.

=peltish,= irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD. (s.v. Pelt, sb.^{5} 8).

=penner,= a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils, &c. (EDD.). ME. _pennere_, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.).

=penny-father,= a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip); ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482.

=pensel,= a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; bk. x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, _banerolle_’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. _pencel_ (Didot); OF. _penoncel_ (La Curne). Med. L. _penuncellus_ (Ducange).

=pentagoron,= a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed to have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; _pentageron_, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly _pentagonon_. Gk. πεντάγωνος, pentagonal, having five angles.

†=pentweezle,= a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2. (Lysander).

=pepper:= phr. _to take pepper in the nose_, to take offence, to be vexed. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, pp. 118, 375. See Nares.

†=peppernel,= a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere.

=percase,= perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares.

=perceiverance,= mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares.

=perche,= to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME. _perchyn_, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); _perche_, ‘to Thirle’ (Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. _percher_, ‘percer’ (Moisy).

=perchmentier,= a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1095.

=perdie,= a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an asseveration. Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. 86; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 22. ME. _pardee_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 563, 3084). OF. _pardee_ (F. _par Dieu_) Norm. F. _Dé_ = _Dieu_ (Moisy).

=perditly,= desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118. Cp. L. _perdite amare_, to love desperately.

=perdu, perdue,= a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in a perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3; Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. _perdu_, lost.

=peregall,= fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 430; _no peregal_, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Catzo). See =paregal.=

=perge,= go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii (Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. _perge_, imper.

=pergit,= a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a woman’s face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See =parget.=

=periapt,= an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘_periapte_, a medicine hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing fastened round one, an amulet (Plato).

=periment,= a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. _operimentum_, a covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment).

=perish,= to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp. the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.), and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168.

=perk,= saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen. prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., _to perk it_, to thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to perk it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); _to be perked up_, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; _to perk up_, to stick up, ‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 50).

=perpetuana,= a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called _everlasting_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, What you Will, ii. 1. 8. From L, _perpetuus_, perpetual.

=perron, peron,= a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a funeral monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; bk. x, c. 2. F. ‘_Perron_, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone raised; some quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a great house; also, a square base of stone or metal, some five or six foot high, whereon in old time Knights errant placed some discourse, challenge, or proofe of an adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _perrun_, a block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12).

=perry;= see =pirrie.=

=persant,= piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. _perçant_, pres. pt. of _percer_, to pierce.

=perséver,= to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, iii. 5. 23.

=perspective,= an optical instrument for looking through or viewing objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily . . . behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. Med., Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. (Bosola), near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see Without a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. 203); a picture contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing confused or distorted except from one particular point of view, or presenting different aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18.

=perspicil,= a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) _perspicilia_, spectacles (Ducange).

=perstand,= to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—_per_ceive and under_stand_.

=perstringe,= to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 (Damplay). L. _perstringere_.

=persue,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn _pursuit_ [old ed. _pursue_, i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 2 (Petillius). See =parsee.=

†=persway,= to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). Not found elsewhere.

=pert,= lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert Fairies’, Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. use in England, see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart).

=pert,= open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short for _apert_, open. F. _apert_; L. _apertus_.

=peruse,= to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5.

=pester’d, pestred,= crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold here’, Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, 175). For _impestered_; ‘_Empestré_, impestered, intricated, intangled, incumbered’, Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester).

=pesterous,= cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 196).

=pestle,= the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the phr. _a pestle of pork_; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge (Furnivall, 164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). _The pestle of a lark_, used _fig._ for a trifle, something very small, Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. _A pestle of a portigue_, used jocosely in speaking of a gold coin (a _portigue_), as eatable meat, to starving sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt).

=petar,= a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet, iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); _petarre_, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.).

=peterman,= a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver). In reference to _St. Peter_.

=Peter-see-me,= a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48 (Nares). Sometimes only _Peeter_, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 (Song). _Pedro Ximenes_ was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so called after its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling _Peter-sameene_ in Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner).

=pettegrye,= ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict.

=petternel,= a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio). Hence, _petronellier_, a soldier armed with a petrenel; Gascoigne, Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel).

=petun,= tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. _petun_, a native South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘_Petum femelle_, English Tobacco; _Petum masle_, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See Stanford.

=pewl,= to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction, st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule).

=pex,= for _pax_. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See =pax.=

=pheare,= a common spelling of =fere,= q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 122; _pheer_, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo).

=pheeze;= see =feeze.=

=phenicopter,= a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). Gk. φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt _phœnicopterus_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the end).

=philander,= a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt. Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1. This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of a Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED. The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man, but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband.

=Philip,= a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and Northants (EDD.). See =Phip.=

=Philip and Cheiny,= an expression for two or more men of the common people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, _Philip, Hob and Cheanie_, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind of worsted or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . . T’will put a Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at several Weapons, ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and Davies, Eng. Glossary.

=philomath,= a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, Love for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής.

=Phip,= a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for =Philip=, q.v.; Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song).

=Phitonesse,= the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad the Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, 1359. ME. _Phitonesse_, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); _Phitones_, Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); _phitonesses_, witches (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. _phitonissa_ for _pythonissa_, a woman inspired by Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and =fitten.=

=phonascus,= a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a _phonascus_?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted _phenascus_ in The Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. _phonascus_ (Suetonius); Gk. φωνασκός, one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice.

=phrenitis,= a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium.

=phrontisterion,= a place for thinking or studying, an academy or college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; _phrontisterium_; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for meditation, a thinking-shop (Aristophanes).

=physnomy, fisnomy,= face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 (Hazard); _fisnomy_, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42.

=picardil;= see =pickadil.=

=picaro,= a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _picaro_, ‘a rogue, a scoundrel, a base fellow’ (Stevens).

=picaroon, pickaroon,= a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly); ‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); a small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen).

=pick,= to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov. use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2}). See =peak= (2).

=pick,= to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, _Je darde_’, Palsgrave.

=pick:= in phr. _to pick mood_, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21.

=pick:= _picked_, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; _picking_, dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198.

=pick,= the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 2 (Sebastian).

=pickadil, pickadel,= the expansive collar fashionable in the early part of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt _picardill_, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); Underwood (NED.). See =peccadillo.=

=pickaroon;= see =picaroon.=

=picke-devant, pickadevant,= a short beard trimmed to a point. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant, Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. _pique-devant_, an expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant).

=pickeer,= to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies, Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt _pickear_, Lovelace, Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt _pickere_, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 448. See NED.

=pickle,= to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way. Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence _pickling_, trifling, paltry, Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word ‘to _pickle_’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).]

=pick-packe,= pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for ‘pick-pack’ is _Huckepack_. For numerous forms of this word see NED.

=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); _pickthank tales_, tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).

=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).

=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2. 137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1).

=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, March 14, 1660 (N. S.). _A piece of eight_, the Spanish dollar of the value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).

=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).

=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt _pyed_, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt _pide_, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).

=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘_Pietons_, or fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be all named _pietons_’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. ‘_pieton_, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).

=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).

=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 (Marquis). F. _pigeonneau_, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of _pigeon_.

=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.; ‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.

=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 (Castruchio).

=pight,= _pt. t._ pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, Drayton, Agincourt, 97; _ypight_, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; _pight_, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. _pighte_, pt. t. of _picchen_; _y_)_pight_, pp., see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Picchen).

=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i. 1. Spelt _pigges-nye_, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), _Pigsneye_ occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.

=pike:= in phr. _sold at a pike_, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from end). Here Kyd translates from F. _vendre sous une pique_, which refers to the L. phrase _venalis sub hasta_, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion.

=pike:= in phr. _on the pike_, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. _à pic_, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, miche, _suffurari_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.).

=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is sometimes punningly connected with the word _pilchard_ (see below). B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.

=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).

=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.

=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, Husbandry, p. 2; spelt _peel-crow_, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 (Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘_Paragraphe_, Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. _pylcraft_ in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); _pargrafte_, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., s.v.

=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. _pilum_, the heavy javelin of the Roman foot-soldier.

=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. _pile_, a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}).

=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. 246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; _to pill and poll_, Mirror for Mag. 467 (Nares).

=pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445.
_Pilling and polling_, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2
(ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.=

=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1).

=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. _pilwe-beer_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694); _bere_, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).

=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone). See =whiskin.=

=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.

=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, _to cleave the pin_, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15.

=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk. πίναξ, board.

=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, 165. OE. _būc_, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).

=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to _handy-dandy_, in the game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).

=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.=