Chapter M (6)

=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.=

=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.

=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. _retrato_, a portrait, Ital. _ritratto_.

=retray,= _reflex_, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf 115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. _retraire_, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ (Cotgr.); L. _retrahere_.

=retrieve:= phr. _to bring to the retrieve_, to make the hawk return to the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).

=revault;= see =revolt.=

=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. _reverberare_, to reverberate.

=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=reverence:= in phr. _save reverence_, used apologetically in introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; ‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. Ajax (NED.). Also, _saving reverence_, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. Save-reverence).

=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).

=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt _revault_, to withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); _revolt_, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.

=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. _rewe_ (Chaucer), OE. _rǣw_ (Sweet).

=rex:= phr. _to play rex_, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. _rex_, king; due to a popular etymology); ‘To play such _Rex_’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules play _rex_’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 47. See =reaks.=

=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).

=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).

=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). See NED.

=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). _Ribanded ears_, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.

=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, _ribaudred_, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. _ribaudrie_ (P. Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. _ribaudrie_ (Rough List).

=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); _rybybe_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377).

=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of _ribbing_ or scraping flax. Spelt _rybskyn_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.

=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); _to rid way_, to get over the ground, move ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. _ryðja_, to clear land, Dan. _rydde_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).

=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. _hreddan_, to deliver, cp. Dan. _redde_, G. _retten_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).

=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.=

=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2).

=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).

=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. _een goude_ _ryder_, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on horseback’ (Sewel).

=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.

=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.

=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. ‘_rijf_, rife, or abundant; _rijfelick_, rifely, or abundantly’ (Hexham).

=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See Dict.

=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence _rifling_, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph Wright). Du. ‘_rijffelen_, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the Dice’ (Hexham).

=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).

=rigell;= see =ridgel.=

=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form (EDD.). ME. _ryn_, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); _rynnand_, running (Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684).

=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset (Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.

=ring:= in phr. _cracked within the ring_; See =crack= (3).

=ring.= _Running at the ring_, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also _riding at the ring_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii. 143.

=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. _ryngeman fyngur_, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. 243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).

=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.

=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used _fig._ Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.

=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.

=rish,= a rush. Spelt _rishe_, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); pl. _rishes_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. 7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, sb.^{1} (10)). OE. _risc_ (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).

=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘_Boschetto_, a grove . . . a rispe, a lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.

=risse,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. _rison_), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. _risen_), id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of _risse_ for the pt. s. occurs in Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere. ‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.

=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). G. _Ritter_, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.

=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 (1603); Latin text, _Sistraque_. See NED.

=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F. _rivage_.

=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.

=rive= [riv], for _riven_, pp. of _rive_, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. Anglia (EDD.).

=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt _ryvilde_, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. 1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 (Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. _riveled_, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. _rifelede_, ‘rugosus’ (Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).

=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘_Rivo_, sayes the drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In Portuguese ships they use the cry _Arriba! Arriba!_, ‘Up! Up!’, for summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford.

=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).

=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 (Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 102.

=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, i. 3 (Spencer).

=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Castruccio). There was but one _roaring girl_, viz. Mary Frith, or Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring Girl.

=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195); Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable.

=roat;= See =rote= (2).

=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.

=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘_rochet_, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ (Cotgr.). OF. _rochet_, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).

=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. _rokkr_.

=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. _roquet_, ‘rochet, surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. _roquet_, manteau court (Moisy).

=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See =rochet= (2).

=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 20 from end. _Ray_ = F. _raie_, Med. L. _riga_ (Ducange).

=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, _Tib of the buttery_ is given as another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.

=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).

=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, _divagari_’, Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. _roile_, to roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); _roylyn_ or gone ydyl abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. x. 297, p. 94.

=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘_Rustre_, a royster, swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Roistering).

=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 208.

=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).

=rom,= good, phr. _rom bouse_, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.=

=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).

=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; ‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. _rumbeloo_ (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).

=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. _roemer_, a wine-glass (Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}).

=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Rom_, i.e. good, refers to _Rommany_, gipsy; _vile_ = F. _ville_, town. See =rom.=

=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. F. _rondeur_, roundness (Cotgr.).

=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 5. Du. _rund_, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).

=ronyon;= see =runnion.=

=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.

=rook,= _reflex_, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. _rouken_ (Chaucer). See =rucke.=

=room,= widely. _Roomer_, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on Bishops (Nares). OE. _rūme_, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).

=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘_Rome mort_, the quene’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. _Rome_, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2).

=rope:= in phr. _to run upon the ropes_, to act the part of a rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41.

=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, § 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see Nares.

=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); cp. _roper_, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.

=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some _Rosa-solis_’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called _Rosa-Solis_, whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See Stanford.

=rosaker,= alteration of _rosalger_, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. _rosalgár_, ‘réalgar, sulfure d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. _rejalgar_; ‘le terme signifie propremont _poudre de caverne_, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.

=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).

=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).

=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain).

=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. _purpureum_); vii. 26 (L. _roseis_).

=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. 1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. 1532.]

=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. _rosier_ (Cotgr.); L. _rosarium_; from _rosa_, a rose.

=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. _rosmarinum_, rosemary, lit. marine dew (Pliny). F. _rosmarin_, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 (s.v. Ros marinus).

=rost:= in phr. _to rule the rost_, to be absolute in authority, to domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See =rule the roast.=

=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. _rote_, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. _rote_ (Didot), O. Prov. _rota_, ‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. _rota_ (Schade); probably of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish _crot_, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish _cruit_ (Dinneen), whence ME. _croude_ (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.

=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.

=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. _rother_ (Gower, C. A. ii. 2494); OE. _rōðer_, a steering-paddle.

=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used _fig._; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See =rucke.=

=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt _rounceval_, a woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii (Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival pease.=

=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. _rownen_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241); OE. _rūnian_.

=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).

=round:= phr. _gentlemen of the round_, soldiers whose business it was to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).

=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.

=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 (Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 59). Still in prov. use (EDD.).

=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). ‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless _s_), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).

=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. _ruus_, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. _rus_, intoxication: _sove rusen ud_, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. _roes_: ‘_eenen roes drinken_, to drink till one is fuddled; _hy heeft eenen roes weg_, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).

=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the company is called an _heard_, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. _route_, ‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).

=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.

=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. (NED.); _a rovynge marke_, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; _rovers_, arrows used for this kind of shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); _to shoot at rovers_, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random), Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.

=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless).

=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); _rowen grass_, Holland, Pliny, xviii. 28; _rowen hay_, id., _rowen partridge_, a partridge frequenting a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also _rowen_, ‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. _raweyne hey_, ‘fenum serotinum’ (Prompt.); _rewayn_ (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *_rewain_ (mod. Picard _rouain_) = F. _regain_; _gaïn_ = Romanic type _guadīmen_, _wadīmen_, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. _weida_, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), p. 371.

=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. 67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.

=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A north-country word (EDD.). See NED.

=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. _Flectere iussa_). OF. _roignier_, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to prune).

=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘_rongneux_, scurvie, mangy’; ‘_rongne_, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. _rogne_, _rogneux_.

=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to _rob_; ‘_Piller_, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.

=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. _rukhkh_. See Stanford (s.v. Roc).

=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. _ructare_. See NED.

=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME. _rukkyn_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.=

=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _ruddok_ (Prompt), OE. _rudduc_.

=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.

=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol. 64, back (1603).

=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Wildair). ME. _ruel_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘_ruelle: la ruelle du lict_, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at Cards, _Charta dominatrix_’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. _ronfa_, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of _trionfo_; F. ‘_triomphe_, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.).

=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).

=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).

=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. 291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 34.

=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.

=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =darkmans.=

=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘_Ruff peck_, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; ‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. 2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).

=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. ME. _rule_, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).

=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! _Quid turbae est!_’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). ‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word ‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2} 1).

=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).

=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.

=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, ch. 40, st. 20.

=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.=

†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L. _torrentis aquae_).

=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2).

=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.=

=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence _rundled_, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 239.

=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3. 6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.

=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).

=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.

=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). See Dict. (s.v. Russet).

=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.

=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. _ruiter_, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. O. Prov. _rotier_, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; _rota_, a band of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. _rupta_ ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3).

=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; _rottocke_, id., Diogenes, § 116.

=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.

=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.

S

=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 516).

=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; _to saccage_, to sack or plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. _saccager_, to sack, ransack, pillage (Cotgr.).

=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.

=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. Dyce, p. 299); _sakeles_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _sakless_, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 175). OE. _saclēas_, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, Lind.).

=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. _sacramentum_, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn engagement.

=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. _sacre_, to consecrate the elements in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, _Je sacre_’, Palsgrave. ME. _sacryn_ or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).

=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; ‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. 541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. _sad_ or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ (Prompt.).

=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. _sadnesse_ in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).

=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; _saft_, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.

=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when riding; ‘Enter _Moll_, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced ‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.

=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 (1 Avoc). Ital. ‘_zaffo_ (_saffo_), a common serjeant or base catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio).

=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; _fig._ (of the mind), ‘The minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; _sagge_, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME. _saggyn_ (Prompt.).

=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. _sagga_, to walk heavily and slowly from weariness (Ross).

=saine,= _pr. pl._, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. _seien_, pr. pl. P. Plowman).

=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.=

=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).

=Saint Thomas à Waterings,= a place anciently used for executions for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated at the second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the first place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors areste’, Chaucer, C. T. A. 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And so go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See Nares (s.v. Waterings).

=saker,= a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This word for a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 338.

=sale,= a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. (s.v. Seal, sb.^{3}). OE. _sealh_, a willow.

=sale,= a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. _salle_ (_sale_), a hall (Cotgr.).

=saliant,= sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). From the heraldic use, as ‘lion _saliant_’. Anglo-F. _saillant_, pres. pt. of _sailler_, to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469).

=saliaunce,= assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. _assaillir_, to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); _saillir_ (Wace, Rom. de Rou, 2595).

=sallet,= a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to _sallet_, a form of _salad_; as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. _salada_, sorte de casque (Levy), F. _salade_, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), Ital. _celata_, ‘a morion, a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares.

=Salmon, Salomon,= the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, a alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.).

=salpa,= a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. _salpa_ (Pliny).

=salt.= A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long table, to divide the company according to their social rank; those of inferior distinction being placed _below the salt_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). _Above the salt_, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward).

=salt,= a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil (Lodovico), ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). L. _saltus_, a leap.

=saltimbanco,= a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. i, c. 3, § 11; _saltinbancho_, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. _saltimbanco_, a mountebank; from _saltare in banco_, to mount upon a bench; ‘_Salta in banco_, as _Monta in banco_; _montáre in bánco_, to play the mountebank’ (Florio). Span. ‘_Sálta en banco_, a mountebank’ (Stevens). See Stanford.

=salue,= to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; _salew_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. _salue_, _salewe_ (Chaucer); F. _saluer_; L. _salutare_.

=saluë, salvee,= some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees ten’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives a quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588).

=salvage,= savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. _salvatge_, ‘qui vit dans les bois, sauvage, farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. _salvaticus_ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _salvático_; L. _silvaticus_ (Pliny).

=salvatory,= a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. 2 (Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘_Salvatory_, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. _salvalorium_ is given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) _vivarium piscium_, (2) _monasterium_, ‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus _salvatur_ seu servatur’.

=salvee;= see =saluë.=

=sam,= together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. _sum_, together (Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S.

=sambuke,= a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. _sambuke_ (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), L. _sambuca_ (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX).

=sambuke,= a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, ix. 73. L. _sambuca_ (Vegetius).

=samite,= a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and 144]. O. Prov. _samit_, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. _examitum_; Byz. Gk. ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see Ducange (s.v. Exametum); cp. Span. _xaméte_ (Stevens).

=sampire,= ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; _sampier_, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘_herbe de S. Pierre_, sampire’ (Cotgr.).

=sampsuchine,= oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram.

=sanbenito.= Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . bringing with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . _S. Benitos_’, M. Phillips in Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a black colour ornamented with flames, devils, and other devices worn by an impenitent heretic at an auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell’, Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ are referred to vaguely. The garment was so called from _San Benito_, St. Benedict, from its resemblance to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict. See NED. and Stanford.

=sance-bell, saunce-bell,= corruptly =saint’s-bell,= the Sanctus-bell, the bell orig. rung at the _Sanctus_ at Mass. The _Sanctus_ or _Ter-sanctus_ refers to the word _sanctus_ (thrice repeated) in the conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, holy, holy’. _Sance-bells_, pl., Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt _saint’s bell_, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; _saunce-bell_, Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell).

=sanctus:= phr. _a black sanctus_, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); _black Saunce_, Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2. 33. See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and =tintamar.=

=sanglier,= a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. _sanglier_, Med. L. _singularis_ (Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a boar separated from the herd. See =singler.=

=sanjak.= In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts of a ‘vilayet’; _sangiacque_, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); _sanzacke_, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie); _sanziack_, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); _sandiack_, Shirley, Imposture, v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. _sangiacco_ (Florio), Turk. _sanjāq_, lit. a banner (NED.); _sanjac_, a province, T. Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. See Stanford.

=sanna,= a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). L. _sanna_, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, a buffoon; one who makes grimaces. See =stork’s bill.=

=sans,= without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. 2. 97.

=sapa,= new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. _sapa_ (Pliny).

=sapor.= _Sapor Pontic_, _Sapor Styptic_: particular ‘Sapors’, savours frequently mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). L. _sapor_, taste.

=sarcocolla,= an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to _sacrocolla_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from its power of healing or agglutinating wounds.

=sarell,= a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. _sérail_, a seraglio; Pers. _serāi_, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford (s.v. Seraglio).

=sarza,= sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict.

=sasarara,= a corruption of _certiorari_, the name of a certain writ at law. Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); _sesarara_, Puritan Widow, iii. 2. 81. See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in prov. use in the sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. _with a siserary_ means ‘with a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, vi. 47 (Davies).]

=sattle,= to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. 345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a quarrel, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{1}). ME. _sahtlen_, to bring to a peaceful agreement, to reconcile (_sahhtlenn_ in Ormulum, 351); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sahtlien). OE. _sahtlian_ (Chron. ann. 1066). Etym. doubtful; see NED.

=sattle,= to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{2} 3). ME. _sattle_ (York Plays, 328); _satlynge_, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Settle, vb., 13).

=saturity,= repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; _saturitie_, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 24, st. 48. L. _saturitas_ (Pliny).

=satyrion,= the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158.

=saugh,= a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.^{2}).

=saulf,= ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. _saulf_, safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf).

=saunce-bell;= see =sance-bell.=

=sawtry,= a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. ME. _sautrye_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 296).

=say,= to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He sayes his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set oneself to do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); ‘Who sayd to wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age (NED.). See Dict.

=say,= ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living to be wretched To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, is in prov. use in Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Say, vb.^{2} 1).

=say:= phr. _to take the say_, to draw the knife along the belly of a slain deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 10. For _assay_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. Say).

=scalado,= an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165). Span. _escalada_, ‘an escalade or taking a place with scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. _scala_, a ladder.

=scale,= to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon (Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘_scalare_, to ascend by ladder’ (Florio); Span. _escalar_ (Stevens).

=scaledrake,= ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.).

=scall,= a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. BIBLE, Lev. xiii. 30 (printed _skall_, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running ulcers and scals’, Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.^{1}). ME. _scalle_ (Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7).

=scald,= afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of
contempt, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody
Brothers, i (Grandpree); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1
(Fluello). ME. _scalled_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 627).

=scamble,= to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, _scambling_, shambling, shuffling, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 (Livio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=scand,= _pp._, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. _scandere_, to climb.

=scantle,= to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1327); p. 134, col. 1.

=scantling,= limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘_Eschantillon_, a scantling, sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _escauntiloun_ (Rough List).

=scar,= a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.^{1}). Icel. _sker_, an isolated rock in the sea.

=scarab,= a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). Gk. σκάραβος, a beetle.

=Scarborough warning,= very short notice, or no notice at all; a surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED.

=scarlet,= a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).

=scarmoge,= an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. ME. _scarmuch_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. _escarmouche_, a skirmish (Cotgr.); Ital. _scaramuccia_ (Florio).

=scartoccio,= a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. _scartoccio_, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ (Florio). Cp. _cartoccio_, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. _cartouche_, E. _cartridge_.

=scath,= harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. _scathe_, harm (Chaucer, C. T. A. 446); Icel. _skaði_.

=scatterling,= one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.

=scaure;= see =scour.=

=scerne,= to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22.

=schellum,= a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch _schellum_?’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; _skellum_, id., Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word (EDD.). Du. _schelm_, a rogue (Hexham).

=sciatherical,= concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a sundial. _Scioferical_, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); _scioterical_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, from σκαθήρας, a shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to catch.

=scole,= a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; xxii. 180. Icel. _skāl_, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. _skaal_, a bowl.

=scolopendra,= a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. _scolopendra_; Gk. σκολόπενδρα, a milliped.

=scombre,= to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; _skommer_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See =scumber.=

=scope,= a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, a mark.

=scorse, scourse,= to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); ‘_Barater_, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence _skoser_, a horse-corser, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). ‘Scorse’ is in prov. use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 136.

=scot and lot,= a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. _to pay scot and lot_, to pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word _scot_ = Anglo-F. _escot_, a payment (Rough List). See =shot.=

=scot-free,= free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob).

=scotomy,= dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, dimness; from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness.

=scour,= to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was bound to scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ (or ‘Scaur’ in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, see EDD. (s.v. Scour, vb.^{1} 4).

=scour the queer cramp-ring,= to wear the prison fetters (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_skower the cramp-rings_, weare fetters’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘_quyerkyn_ (= queer ken), a pryson-house’, ib.

=’scourse,= for _discourse_; with a quibbling reference to _scourse_ or _scorse_, to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan).

=scout,= a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a _scout_ is a _watchman_. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond senior).

=scrag,= a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 606.

=scrat,= to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a beest dothe that hath sharp nayles, _Je gratigne_’, Palsgrave. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _scrattyn_, or scracchyn (Prompt.); to _scratte_, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.).

=scratches, the,= a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Arestin_, the scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623).

=scrawl, scraul,= to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, i. 1. 15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; _scraul_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9. See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.).

=screwed gun,= a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having a helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). First known in 1646.

=scrike,= to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. _skrika_, to shriek. In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Skrike).

=scrimer,= a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. _escrimeur_, ‘a fencer’; _escrimer_, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard about him’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish).

=scroyle,= a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., 263.

=scruze,= to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Scruse).

=scry,= to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Scry, vb.^{2} 2). Norm. F. _escrier_, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ (Moisy).

=scryne,= chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. _scrinium_, a box for keeping books, letters, &c.

=scull, skull,= a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a covey of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use in Hants. for a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.^{2} 2).

=scum, skumme,= to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were sent forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30; bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘_escumer_; _escumer la mer_, to scowr, as a fleet, the sea’ (Cotgr.); _escumeur_, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, pirate’ (Didot).

=scumber,= to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘_Fienter_, to dung, scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird (EDD.). OF. _escombrer_, to clean out (Godefroy). See =bescumber, scombre.=

=scur;= see =skirr.=

=scurer,= a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn . . . to shew wher aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181). OF. _descouvreur_, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. _disco-operator_ (Ducange).

=scurrile,= scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. _scurrilis_, buffoon-like; from _scurra_, a buffoon.

=scut,= a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. _scut_, a hare (Prompt.).

=scute,= a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v. Scute, sb.^{1}). Properly an E. name for the French coin called _ėcu_, OF. _escut_, L. _scutum_, a shield.

=sdayn,= to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44.

=sea-card,= the card on which the points of the compass were marked. Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See =card.=

=sea-holm,= sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. _holm-oak_; and see =eringo.=