Chapter X

=xeriff,= a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1. _Xarife_, the Spanish way of writing =sherif= (q.v.), Port. _xarife_, ‘chérif’ (Roquette).

=xeriff,= a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. _xarafím_, Arab, _sharîfî_ or _ashrafî_, a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, Glossaire, 353; cp. Med. L. _seraphus_, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin).

Y

=yall;= see =yawl.=

=yarage= (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea; ‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211).

=yare,= quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship . . . is yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); _yarely_, readily, Temp. i. 1. 4. _Yare_ is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. _yare_, ready: ‘Terens let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2270;. OE. _gearu_, ready, equipped.

=yark,= to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers do in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and seam’ (Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, discharging a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If I cannot sew, I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk’, Cotgrave. See =yerk.=

=yarum, yarrum,= a cant term for milk; see =popler.=

=yate,= gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{1} 1 (9)). ME. _ȝate_, a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. _geat_.

=yaw= (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used _fig._ Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. _jaga_, to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges).

=yaw,= to cut down; _yawde_, for _yawed_, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1206. (In the next line we have _sawde_ for _sawn_, pp.) In Hants. and Devon ‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of mowing or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD. (s.v. Hew, vb.^{1} 4).

=yawd,= a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. _Yawd_ is derived directly from Icel. _jalda_, a mare, whereas _jade_ comes to us through northern French: _jalda_ < *_jaude_ < _jade_.

=yawfrow,= a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du. _joffrouw_, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; _jonkvrouw_, a young lady; _Jonkvrouw A._, Miss A. (Sewel).

=yawl,= to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt _yall_, Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; _yawling_, a bawling, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Yawl, vb.^{1} 1).

=yblent,= obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., April, 155. See =blend.=

=ybowne,= ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME. _boun_, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. F. 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3).

=y-clept, y-clep’d,= called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt _y-clipped_; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See =clepe.=

=y-cond,= taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. (Misused; _to con_ is to learn.) See =cond.=

=yearn,= to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos _ernd_); ‘It yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence _yearnful_ (_yernful_), mournful, Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See =earn= (to grieve).

=yearne,= to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see =yorning.=

=yearne,= to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. _ge-earnian_, _earnian_, to earn.

=yede, yeed,= improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 5; ii. 4. 2 _yeade_, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; _yode_, pt. s. went, id., May, 22, 233; _yod_, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. ME. _yede_, went (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1141); _ȝede_, _ȝeode_ (P. Plowman), OE. _ge-ēode_ (and _ēode_), went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode).

=yeding,= going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30.

=yelden,= submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’ (i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See =yold.=

=yellow.= Bands dyed with _yellow starch_, much used by Mrs. Turner, became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615) for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow, v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor).

=yellow breeches, to wear,= to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 2 (Stephano). _Yellow_, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2. 14.

=yellow-hammer,= (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (2 Guard).

=yellowness,= jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111.

=yellow-pate,= the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75.

=yellows,= jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4).

=yelt,= a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Gilt, sb.^{1}).

=yeoman-fewterer,= the man who, under the huntsman, took care of the dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and =fewterer.=

=yerde,= a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME. _yerde_ (Chaucer). OE. _gierd_, a rod.

=yerk, yirk,= to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston, Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); _yarke_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, _yerking preferment_, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; Tusser, Husbandry, § 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word is in prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in many ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; to lash with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. Yark, vb.^{1} 1, 5, 7). See =yark.=

=yert:= in comb. _yert-point_, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of words: _jerk_, _yerk_, _jert_, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire).

=yfere,= together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April, 68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. _yfere_, together (Chaucer, C. T. B. 394), also _in-fere_ (C. T. B. 328, D. 924); orig. _in fere_, in company. OE. _on heora gefére_, in their company (Luke ii. 44).

=yfet,= _pp._ fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See =fet.=

=yield,= to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23; spelt _’ild_, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, iv. 5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _God yelde yow_, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1772).

=ying,= young; ‘The lilly . . rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. _ȝing_, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41).

=yirk;= see =yerk.=

=ylike,= alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. _yliche_ (_ylike_), like, similar; also as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. _gelīc_, similar, equal; _gelīce_, equally, in the same way, in a similar way.

=ynde,= indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii, c. 11. OF. _inde_, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. _indium_, ‘genus coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. _indicum_, indigo, orig. of India, Indian.

=yod;= see =yede.=

=yold,= _pt. t._ yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. 7. 30. ME. _ȝolden_, pt. pl. and pp. of _ȝelden_, to yield (Wars Alex. 2326, 2378). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden).

=yomenne,= ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20.

=yond.= This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon . . . wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, Lombards fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a synonym of ‘fierce’.

=yond,= yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. _yond_, yonder (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1099). OE. _geond_, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86, Rushworth).

=yorning,= giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See =yearne= (1).

=yote,= to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760. A west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below.

=yoten,= _pp._ melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME. _ȝotun_, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of _yeten_, to pour (Chaucer), OE. _gēotan_.

=youl,= to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near end); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence _youling_, ib., i. 1 (Philidor); in the same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all English-speaking countries; see EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. _youling_, loud lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1278).

=youngth, yongth,= youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos, 34. ME. _ȝongthe_ (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21).

=ypight,= _pp._ pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See =pight.=

=ysam,= together. Spelt _ysame_ (riming with _ram_ and _swam_). Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See =sam.= ME. _ysamme_, together (P. Plowman, A. x. 193), OE. _samen_, together (Sweet).

=y-vound,= found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay).

=ywus,= ‘_ywis_’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with _thus_), fol. 13, back (1603). See =iwis.=

Z

=zabra,= a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; _zabraes_, pl.; Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. _azábra_, ‘a small sort of Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; _Zábra_, ‘a sort of Vessel once us’d in Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing or Privateering, now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, _zabra_ (Roquette). See Stanford (s.v. Azabra).

=zambra,= a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance. Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. _zambra_, ‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur _zambra_ signifie musique d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). _Zambra_ is from the Arabic root _zamara_, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, 364.

=zany,= a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘_záne_, the name of _John_ in some parts of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or foolish Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of the ropes’ (Florio). See Stanford.

=zany,= to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2 (Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda).

=zecchine,= a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 (Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. _zecchino_, a Venetian coin, deriv. of _zecca_, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. _sikka_, coin; _dâr as-sikka-t_, a mint (Steingass).

=zelant,= a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. _zelans_; see Ducange (s.v. Zelare).

=zelatour,= a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L. _zelator_, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange).

=zernick,= orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. _zernîkh_, arsenic (Steingass), Pers. _zernīχ_, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from _zar_, gold. A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, p. 427), and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § 691).

OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A.
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

Transcriber’s Notes

The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the capitalisation of Midlands has been made consistent.

Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line hyphens have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other hyphenation is as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently is a small number of places where it is obviously missing as a result of a typesetting or printing error.

The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society publications.

While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the practice of the Oxford English Dictionary in which:

* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred,

† signifies an obsolete word,

[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion,

[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is relevant to the development of a sense but not directly illustrative of it.

. . . obtained from the OED web site.

[End of _A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words_, by Walter William Skeat,
edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew]