Chapter D (2)

=dry-foot:= phr. _to draw_ or _hunt dry-foot_, to track game by the mere scent of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 (Brainworm).

=Du cat-a whee,= God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; _Dugat a whee_, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh _Duw cadw chwi_, God preserve you!

=dub,= a stroke, blow; _Lydian dubs_, soft taps, like soft Lydian music; _Phrygian dubs_, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 850.

=ducdame,= a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5. 56. Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as ‘a Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it stands.

=duce.= Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder where a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce are those two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia), Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41).

=duce= is the same word as _deuce_, an E. form of F. _deux_,
two. The orig. sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying,
‘Oh! ill-luck, the _deuce_!’—two being a losing throw at dice.
The form _duce_ came to us immediately from a Low G.
dialect—_dûs_, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der Daus!’ (what the
deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce).

=dudder,= to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See =dodder.=

=dudgeon,= the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin (dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. _dojoun_, or masere (Prompt., ed. Way, 436).

=dudgeon,= the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of plain, homely; since a _dudgeon_ was regarded as a common sort of haft; ‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use old dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon).

=dudgeon-dagger,= a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); _dudgin dagger_, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160. Shortened to _dudgeon_, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379.

=Dugat a whee;= see =Du cat-a whee.=

=duill,= to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. _deuil_, grief. See =dole.=

=duke,= a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re called Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women beware, ii. 2 (Livia).

=Duke Humphrey, to dine with,= to go without dinner; ‘He may chaunce dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2. 361. One who had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s, under the pretence of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there; on the chance that he might meet there some acquaintance who would invite him. But Duke Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans (see Stowe’s Survey, ed. Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3 (Plotwell and Timothy). See Nares.

=dulcet,= the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A latinized form; see =dowcets.=

=dumbfounding,= a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in which one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back; ‘That witty recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the Prophetess, 47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder).

=dummerer;= see =dommerar.=

=dump,= a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a plaintive melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, ‘The devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 (Roderigo).

=dunny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. A north-country word (EDD.). See =donny.=

=Dun’s in the mire= (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of a rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’ (a horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became a proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’ th’ mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded to in Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’, and in Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your dunship out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and Gifford’s Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares).

=dun’s the mouse,= the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small meaning; sometimes used after another has used the word _done_; Romeo, i. 4. 40; London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16.

=Dunstable, plain= (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares.

=durance,= confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37; durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344.

=Durandell,= a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. _Durendal_, the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See =Durindana.=

=duret,= some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont, Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end).

=duretta,= a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5 (Timothy). Also _duretto_ (NED.). Ital. _duretto_, ‘somewhat hard’ (Florio).

=Durindana,= the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); _Durindan_, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. _Durindana_ (Ariosto); see Fanfani. The Italian name for _Durendal_, by which the famous sword of Roland is known in the old French _Chansons de Geste_. See Gautier’s note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. 90.

=dust,= to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 544; xxi. 377. See EDD.

=dust-point,= a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in a heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. _Darde_). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 (Clora); Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus).

=Dutch widow,= a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer).

=dutt,= to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards, Damon and Pithias; altered to _doating dottrel_ in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 68; but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1.

=dwine,= to pine away; ‘He . . . dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; _dwynd_, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _dwynyn awey_, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.). OE. _dwīnan_.

=dybell,= (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties, embarrassments (EDD.).

E

=e-,= prefix, for the more usual _y-_ (AS. _ge-_), prefixed to past participles. Exx. _emixt_, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; _etride_, tried, id., Sabrine, st. 26.

=eager,= keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 231.

=eagre,= a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height. Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt _agar_, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 (Tyterus). In prov. use in many forms: _aiger_, _ager_, _eager_, _eygre_, _hygre_, &c., in Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia (EDD.). See =higre.=

=eame;= see =eme.=

=ean.= Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 36. Hence, _Eaning-time_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To ean’ is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from the north country to Devon (EDD.). ME. _enyn_, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. 150); OE. _ēanian_, to yean. See Brugmann, § 671.

=ear,= to plough. BIBLE, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _ere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 886), OE. _erian_. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=earn, erne,= to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and compassion. Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. _yearn_); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; _it earns me_, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 (Overdo); _earne_, to yearn, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; _erne_, ii. 3. 46. ME. _ȝernen_, to yearn (P. Plowman), OE. _geornan_; see Dict. M. and S., p. 267.

=earth,= a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.^{2}). OE. _erð_ for WS. _ierđ_, a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of _erian_, to plough, ‘to ear’; not the same word as OE. _eorðe_, earth.

=easing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘_Severonde_, the eave, eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in various spellings, in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north and Midlands to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _esynge_, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). See =evesing.=

=eater,= a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose).

=eath,= easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt _ethe_, id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry (EDD.). ME. _ethe_, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. _ēaðe_, easy, _ēað_ (common in compounds).

=eathly,= easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common in Scottish poetry (EDD.).

=eaths,= easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The _s_ has an adverbial force.

=eccentric,= not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon, Essay 23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre (a contrivance in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the phenomena), id. 17.

=eche,= to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it out in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, _eech_). Cp. Northampton dialect, ‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3). ME. _echen_, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 887), OE. (Mercian) _ēcan_, WS. _īecan_, to increase.

=edder,= an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. _eddyr_, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142).

=edder,= fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 13; _eddered_, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; _edderynge_, id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various spellings see EDD.

=eddish, edish,= the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &c.; ‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes after mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (A.D. 1681); Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish . . . more properly the stubble or gratten in cornfields’, Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). OE. _edisc_, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3).

=edge,= to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The pronunc. of _egg_ (to incite) in use in various parts of England from Lancash. to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _eggen_, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 182), Icel. _eggja_.

=edify,= to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. _edifier_, to edifie, build (Cotgr.), L. _aedificare_.

=effaut,= for _F fa ut_, the full name of the musical note _F_, which was sung to _fa_ or to _ut_ according as it occurred in one or other of the hexachords (imperfect scales) to which it belonged (NED.). Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained G (the lowest note), A, B, C, D, E (but not F); the second contained C, D, E, F, G, A, sung to _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_, F being sung to _fa_; the third began with F, sung to _ut_; so that F was sung to _fa_ or _ut_, and was called F _fa ut_.

=efficace,= effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. _efficace_, efficacy (Cotgr.), L. _efficacia_ (Pliny).

=efficient,= creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2.

=egal,= equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); _egally_, equally, Richard III, iii. 7. 213; _egalness_, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Philander). F. _égal_.

=eggs:= phr. _to have eggs on the spit_, to be busy; with reference to the old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note.

=eggs:= phr. _to take eggs for money_, to accept an offer which one would rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in Phil. Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market, taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth (suppose) 3_s._ 4_d._, she would pay the 3_s._ and say—‘will you take eggs for money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value of the 4_d._ in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a penny. But the strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used to pay interest for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should have the principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. _Bloodhound._ Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must hang myself’, A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for Money).

=eisel,= vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; spelt _eysel_. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. _esyle_, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. EETS. 147, see note no. 661); _aysel_ (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. _aisil_, vinegar (Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26).

=ejaculation,= a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1.

=E-la,= the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable _la_ in the old gamut; which began with G (_ut_) on the lowest line of the base clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. Whoever sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-_la_’. Hence anything extreme was said ‘to be above E-_la_’. ‘Why, this is above E-_la_!’ Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; near the end). N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or major sixths; each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full tones and a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the third and fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) upon the lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last C), and G (above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung to the same syllables, _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_. The highest hexachord contained the G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E was thus sung to _la_, it was called E-_la_. It had no other name, because it only occurred in the highest hexachord. In hexachords beginning with F the B was flat.

=eld,= to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 414. Cp. _aild_, prov. pronunc. of _ail_ (vb.): ‘He’s allus aildin’ (Worcestersh.); _aildy_, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy to-day’ (Northampton); so in Beds., _teste_ J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. Ail and Aildy). In Shropsh. they say _elded_ for _ailed_.

=elder,= an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31).

=elegant,= for =alicant,= q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18.

=element,= the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country. A Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was all to a flicker’ (EDD.).

=elenche, elench,= a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also, a sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. 5. L. _elenchus_, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination.

=elk,= the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild swan, are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘_Swanne_, some take thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See =ilke.=

=ellops,= a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit. ‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish, probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent.

=embase,= to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82.

=embassade,= a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also, quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251. F. _embassade_, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his ordinary train (Cotgr.).

=embay,= to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12. 60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to pervade, suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13.

=embayed, imbayed,= enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt _imbayed_, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; _embayed_, engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230.

=embayle,= to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27.

=embezzle,= to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. iii, § 7. See NED.

=emboss,= to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67.

=embost= (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be _embossed_ (_embost_) when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, unable to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so emboss’d’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie chace’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost with bale’, i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. _embose_, to plunge deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe Blaunche, 353). OF. _bos_ (_bois_), a wood. See =imbost.=

=embost,= encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight . . . in mighty armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24.

=embowd,= arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19.

=embraid,= to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. _breydyn_ or _upbraydyn_, ‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. _bregdan_, to bring a charge (B. T. Suppl.), Icel. _bregða_, to upbraid, blame.

=embrave,= to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60.

=embrew,= to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13.

=embrocata,= a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi. 57. See =imbroccato.=

=eme,= uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt _eame_, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 427. 848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _eme_, fadiris brodyr, ‘patruus’ (Prompt.), OE. _ēam_.

=emeril,= emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. _emeril_, emery (Cotgr.); OF. _esmeril_; Ital. _smeriglio_, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder.

=emmarble,= to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139.

=emmew,= or =enmew;= errors for =enew,= q.v.

=empair,= to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair).

=empale,= to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67.

=emparlance,= parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F. _emparler_, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. _emparlat_, ‘éloquent’ (Levy).

=empeach,= to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, or let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. _empescher_, ‘to hinder’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _empedegar_, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. _impedicare_, ‘implicare’ (Ducange). See =impeach.=

=empery,= dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V, i. 2. 226. Norm. F. _emperie_ (Moisy), L. _imperium_, empire.

=empesshement,= hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See =impechement.=

=emprese,= ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise).

=emprise,= an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. _emprise_, ‘entreprise’ (Moisy).

=enaunter,= lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78; Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest, in case that’ (EDD.). ME. _enantyr_; _an aunter_, in case that (P. Plowman, C. iv. 437); also, _an aventure_ (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Aventure); Anglo-F. _en_ + _aventure_, chance (Gower).

=enbassement,= dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 159. 25; _enbaysshement_, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. _enbasshinge_, bewilderment (Chaucer, Boethius 4, p. 1. 43).

=enbolned,= swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from bottom. Cp. ME. _bolnyd_, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2).

=enchase,= to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used _fig._ Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., August, 27; to shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 56; xix. 346.

=encheason,= occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME. _encheson_, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. _enchesoun_, occasion (Gower), Norm. F. _acheisun_, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); L. _occasio_.

=endlong,= from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _endelong_, through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. F. 992).

=endosse,= to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634; Palsgrave. Anglo-F. _endosser_, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the back of a document, deriv. of F. _dos_, L. _dorsum_, back.

=endue,= to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg. _Dotavit me Deus dote bona_), BIBLE, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt _endew_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath . . . endewed (the house) with parkes orchardes’, Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See =indue.=

=endurance,= also written =indurance,= patience; ‘Past the endurance of a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. VIII, v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s trial); ‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 (NED.).

=endure,= to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F. _s’endurer_, to harden oneself (Moisy).

=eneled,= anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337, see NED. (s.v. Anele).

=enew= (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. Content. (ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted _emmew_, Ff.) As Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt _ineawe_, to plunge into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. _eneauer_, to wet (Gower), Norm. F. _ewe_ (F. _eau_), water. See =inmew.=

=enewed;= see =ennewe.=

=enfeloned,= made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48.

=enfired,= kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169.

=enform,= to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3.

=enfouldred,= hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 40. OF. _fouldre_ (F. _foudre_), Romanic type _folgere_, L. _fulgur_, a thunderbolt.

=enfounder,= to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. _enfondrer_ (un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into the bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.).

=enginous,= ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, _engine_ (_ingine_), intellect, mental capacity (EDD.). F. _engin_, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. _ingenium_, natural capacity. See =ingine.=

=engle;= see =ingle.=

=englin,= the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. _englyn_. The Note has: _Englyns_ are couplets interchanged of sixteen and fourteen feet.

=engore,= to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42.

=engraile,= to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 380; _engrail’d_, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761.

=engrain,= to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain).

=engrave,= to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60.

=enhalse,= to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See =halse.=

=ennewe,= to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps fr. F. _nuer_, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED.

=enow,= pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504; ‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’, Hen. V, iv. 1. 222. ME. _ynowe_: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 233), OE. _genōge_, pl. of _genōg_, enough.

=enpesshe,= to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19. See =empeach.=

=enrace,= to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114.

=ens,= being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Asper). Med. L. (in philosophy) _ens_, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed fr. L. _esse_, to be.

=enseam,= to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘_Ensemer_, to inseam, unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79. OF. _esseimer_, ‘retirer le _saim_ (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), deriv. of _saim_ fat, Med. L. _sagīmen_, ‘adeps’ (Ducange).

=enseam,= to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur). See NED. (s.v. Enseam, vb.^{4}).

=enseamed,= marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. _enseimer_ (now _ensimer_), to grease (Hatzfeld). [Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see above.]

=enseignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § last. F. _enseignement_ (Cotgr.).

=ensigns,= insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.

=ensnarl,= to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word (EDD.). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460).

=entail, entayl,= to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. 29; _entayle_, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4.

=enterdeal,= negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 785.

=entermete,= to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. _entremeten_, refl. to meddle with (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. _s’entremettre_, to occupy oneself (Gower).

=enterprize,= to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14; In this sense peculiar to Spenser.

=entertain,= to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard III, i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to give reception to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. 119.

=entertake,= to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35.

=entire.= Used of friends _wholly_ devoted to one another; ‘My most sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. _ami entier_]. From the notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47; iii. 7. 16.

=entradas,= receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino). Span. _entrada_, revenue.

=entraile,= to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. 6. 44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. Cp. F. _traille_ (_treille_), lattice-work (Cotgr.).

=entreat,= to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, BIBLE, Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. OF. _entraiter_, to treat, use (Godefroy).

=entreglancing,= interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 46.

=entries,= places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).

=entwite,= to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered form of ME. _atwiten_, to reproach, twit, OE. _æt-witan_.

=enure,= to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39.

=envy,= to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter syllable.

=envy,= to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 (Juletta); Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke).

=envỳ,= to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13. F. _envier_ (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. _invitare_, to invite, challenge.

=ephemerides,= properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these things. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary.

=Ephesian,= a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term; used like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13.

=epiky,= reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’, Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, reasonableness; from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable.

=epiphoneme,= an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse. Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα.

=epitasis,= the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις.

=epitrite,= in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος.

=equal=(=l,= fair, equitable, just, impartial. BIBLE, 1539, Psalm xvii. 2; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; _equally_, justly, id., iv. 5 (Diego).

=equipage,= equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 114. F. _equipage_, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries; _Equipage d’un navire_, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Equip). See =esquip.=

=erased,= in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214.

=eremite,= one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton, P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek word). Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from religious motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. 1).

=erie, ery,= every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like _e’er_ for _ever_.

=eringo, eryngo,= the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a sweetmeat, and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. _eringio_, sea-holly (Florio), L. _eryngion_, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of ἤρυγγος, sea-holly.

=erne,= an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish literary word (EDD.). OE. _earn_ (Matt. xxiv. 28).

=errant:= phr. _an errant knight_, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 38; i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. _errer_, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. Prov. _edrar_ (_errar_), Med. L. _iterare_, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange).

=errant,= ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir Kenelm Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651). See NED. (s.v. Errant, 7).

=errour,= wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7.

=erst,= once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. _erst_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 776), OE. _ǣrest_, superl. of _ǣr_, soon.

=esbatement,= amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. _esbatement_, diversion (Gower). F. _esbatement_, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. _esbatre_, ‘se divertir’ (Bartsch).

=escape,= a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 150); Othello, i. 3. 197.

=escot,= to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. _escoter_, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. _escot_, payment, reckoning at a tavern (Gower); _escot_ (payment) occurs in the Statutes of the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot, Scottum). _Escot_ (payment) is the same word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov. use for payment of a tavern reckoning (EDD.).

=escuage,= lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 days in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called ‘scutage’. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. _escuage_, Med. L. _scutagium_, deriv. of L. _scutum_, a shield (Ducange).

=escudero,= a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span. _escudéro_, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. of _escúdo_, a shield, L. _scutum_.

=esguard,= a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. _esgard_, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’. Med. L. _esgardium_: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, judicio parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes (Ducange). O. Prov. _esgart_, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation pécuniaire; égard, considération’; _esgardar_, ‘regarder, considérer; décider, juger’ (Levy).

=esloin, esloyne,= to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. F. _esloigner_ (Cotgr.).

=esmayed,= dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9. Anglo-F. _s’esmaier_, to be dismayed (Gower).

=esmayle,= enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242. F. _esmail_ ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.).

=espial,= the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T. xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; _espials_, spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. 32. See NED.

=esquip,= to equip. _Esquippe_, Baret, Alvearie; _esquipping_, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. _esquiper_ (_equiper_), to equip, arm, store with necessary furniture (Cotgr.). See =equipage.=

=essoyne,= excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. _essoyne_, excuse for non-appearance in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. I. 164). Anglo-F. _essoigne_ (_essoyne_), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange (s.v. Sunnis). Med. L. _essoniare_, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), of Teutonic origin, cp. Goth. _sunjôn_, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19).

=estate,= rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; _estates_, men of rank, nobles, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. _estat_, office, dignity, rank, degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book.

=estivation:= phr. _place of estivation_, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5. Deriv. of L. _aestivus_, pertaining to summer.

=estres,= apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house, divisions in a garden, &c.; spelt _estures_ [printed by Caxton _eftures_]. Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. _estres_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _estre_, habitation, dwelling (Gower); _estres_, inward parts of a house (Rough List); OF. _estre_, ‘domuncula, aedificium’, see Ducange (s.v. _Estra_).

=estridge,= an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197; spelt _estrich_, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 124). ME. _estrich_ (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. _estrutz_, ‘autruche’ (Levy).

=eten, ettin,= a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3) (Wife). ME. _ȝeten_ (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. _eoten_, a giant, cp. Icel. _jötunn_.

=Etesian,= (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the NE. for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion, Act i (Iris). L. _etesius_; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year.

=ethe;= see =eath.=

=eugh,= yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. _ew_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2923), OE. _īw_.

=eure,= destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; spelt _ure_, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; _to be ured_, to be invested with, as by the decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; _ewre_, to render happy, Palsgrave. Hence _eurous_, _ewrous_, lucky, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 227. 30; lf. 228. 19. ME. _ure_, fate, good luck (Barbour’s Bruce). OF. _eür_, ‘sort, bonheur’ (Bartsch), O. Prov. _aür_, _agur_, destiny, Romanic type _agurium_, L. _augurium_, augury, omen. See =ure, male-uryd, misured.=

=evelong,= oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME. _evelong_, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. _aflangr_, oblong, Dan. _aflang_; L. _oblongus_.

=event,= to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. _esventer_, to fan or winnow; _s’esventer_, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.).

=ever among,= continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12.

=evertuate,= _reflex._, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xvi, p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, let. 61 (end). Anglo-F. _s’esvertuer_, to exert oneself, endeavour (Gower).

=evesing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’, Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140. ME. _evesynge_ (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of _evese_, the edge of the roof of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. _efes_ (Ps. ci. 8). See =easing.=

=evet,= an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms. OE. _efeta_. See =ewftes.=

=evicke,= a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck).

=ewftes,= efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See =evet.=

=exacuate,= to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 (Compass).

=Exaltation of the Holy Cross,= the Feast observed on Sept. 14. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16.

=exampless,= for _example-less_, without an example, unparalleled. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius).

=Excalibur,= the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares).

=excheat,= ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. _eschete_, _eschaëte_ (Rough List), Med. L. _escaeta_, deriv. from Romanic type _escadére_ (F. _echoir_), Med. L. _excadere_, ‘jure haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei obvenire’ (Ducange).

=exercise,= an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Oliver).

=exhale,= to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Crispinus); cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66.

=exhibition,= allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i. 3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. _exhibitio_, ‘praebitio’; _exhibere_, ‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See Prompt. EETS. 161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ in the University of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to deserving students.

=exigent,= state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 9; phr. _to take an exigent_, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; _exigents_, straits, Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Warwick).

=exigent,= an urgent command; _a writ of exigent_ was one commanding the sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up on pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. _exigende_, L. _exigenda_, from _exigere_, to exact. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).

=exoster,= a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters, Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. _exostra_, Gk. ἐξώστρα, a bridge _thrust out_ from the besiegers’ tower against the walls of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust.

=expend,= to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. _expendere_, to weigh out.

=expert,= to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186.

=expire,= to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 188.

=expiscate,= to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 181. L. _expiscari_, to fish out; deriv. of _piscis_, a fish.

=explete,= to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. ix. 21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde of man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. _explere_, to fill out.

=exploit,= success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’, Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. _espleit_, success (Gower, C. A. V. 3924), Anglo-F. _exploit_, _espleit_, _esplait_, speed, success (Rough List).

=exploit,= to accomplish, achieve; ‘I _exployt_, I applye or avaunce myself to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without _exploytinge_ their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § 8; ‘To exploit some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares).

=express,= to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42.

=expulse,= to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. _expulsare_, freq. of _expellere_, to expel.

=extend= (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ. Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant. and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).

=extent= (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other Commissioner upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1035; Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17.

=extinct,= to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end); hence _extincted_, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81.

=extirp,= to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. _extirpare_, _exstirpare_, deriv. of _stirps_, the stem of a tree.

=extort,= extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25.

=extraught,= extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. _distraught_ for _distract_, _distracted_.

=extreate,= extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. _estrete_, extraction, origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. _estraite_, birth, origin (Assizes de Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary).

=extree,= axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.^{1}), ME. _ex-tre_ (Prompt. EETS. 145).

=eyas,= a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training; _eyas hauke_, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; _eyas-musket_ (used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. 3. 22; ‘An aerie of children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. _niais_ (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. _nidacem_, deriv. of _nidus_, a nest, cp. Ital. _nidiace_, ‘taken out of the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See =niaise.=

=eye,= a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or partridges’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. Rust. 252; Coles, Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Eye, sb.^{2}); also in the form _nye_ (_nie_, _ni_), see EDD. OF. _ni_, ‘nid’ (La Curne).

=eyre,= to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5. See =earth.=

=eysel;= see =eisel.=

F

=faces about,= the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the other way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless).

=fackins.= The forms here given are distortions of _fay_ (faith), frequent in trivial quasi-oaths. _By my fackins_, B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 3; _By my feckins_, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; _By my facks_, Middleton, Quiet Life, ii. 2; _By my feck_, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 3. Cp. _I’ faikins_, in truth, verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, and Lancashire (EDD.). See =fay= (1).

=fact,= evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, iii. 2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; _in the fact_, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 173.

=fadge,= to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward forme doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed, to turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get on well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive, see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.^{3}).

=fading,= the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of a popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.

=fagary,= a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk); Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See =fegary.=

=fagioli,= French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. _fagioli_, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. _phaseolus_ (Pliny), earlier L. _phaselus_ (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a kidney-bean.

=fail, fayl,= to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. _faillir_, to deceive (Cotgr.).

=fain,= to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence _fayning_, gladsome, wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. _fægnian_, to rejoice.

=fair,= fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); Death of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 255, 282.

=fairy money,= money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money . . . will be but Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.); Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies.

=faitour,= an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 39; _faytor_, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to Piers Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character. OF. _faitour_, _faiteör_, Romanic type _factitorem_.

=fa la,= a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the _fa las_’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the gamut—_fa_-sol-_la_-si. Hence, _fa la la_, as a refrain of a song.

=fall,= the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See =mort.=

=fall,= a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); _falls_, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow).

=fall,= autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, spring-time, somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 48; Dryden, tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of England, very common in America (EDD.).

=fall,= to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to happen, Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188.

=falling bands;= see =band.=

=false:= phr. _to false a blow_, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74.

=falser,= a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6.

=falx,= a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back. Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. _faux du corps_ (Sherwood, s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx).

=famble,= hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 87. Icel. _fálma_, the hand; cp. Swed. _famle_, to grope; cognate with OE. _folm_, a hand.

=famble,= a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above.

=famelic,= exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Busy). L. _famelicus_, hungry; from _fames_, hunger.

=Familist,= one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to the Family of Love, by the same dramatist.

=fang,= to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt _vang_ (Southern), London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; _fanged_, pp., Northward Ho, i. 2. 6. OE. _fōn_, to take; pp. _gefangen_.

=fanterie,= infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; _Fanteries_, foot-soldiers, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. _fanterie_ (Roquefort); Ital. ‘_fantería_, infantry; _fante_, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short for _infante_, an infant. Cp. ME. _faunt_, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’.

=fap,= drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183.

=farandine,= a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool. Spelt _farrendon_, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); _ferrandine_, a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to be from F. _Ferrand_, the name of the inventor (_c._ 1630). See NED.

=farce,= to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), Hen. V, iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with wit’, Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce).

=farcion, farcyon,= the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. _farcin_; see Hatzfeld. See =fashions.=

=fardle,= to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F. _fardeler_, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel).

=fare,= course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. _fær_, course; from _faran_, to go.

=far-fet,= fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ were proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and deere bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The Malcontent, v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion).

=farlies,= strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or ‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be seen, lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. _ferly_, strange, wonderful; also, a wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. _fǣrlic_, sudden, unexpected.

=fashions,= or =fashion,= the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See =farcion.=

=fast and loose,= a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made up in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster takes hold of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 1 (Theodore); City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea).

=faste,= faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 12.

=fastidious,= distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7.

=fatch,= a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover, last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word _Cicero_). See EDD. (s.v. Fatch).

=fault,= a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1 (Leosthenes).

=faun,= for =fawn,= an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas Fletcher, An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 4 (Tucca).

=fausen,= a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent _fazen-eel_ is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen).

=fautie,= ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary pronunciation in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Faulty). F. _fautif_.

=fautor,= an adherent, partisan; spelt _faultor_, Mirror for Mag., Worcester, xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. 325. F. _fauteur_, ‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. _fautor_, a favourer, patron.

=fautress,= a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670.

=Favell,= a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. _Fauel_: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and fykeltonge Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. Hoccleve, in his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully describes _favelle_ or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his craft and arte’. See =curry-favell.=

=fawting,= favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575). See =fautor.=