Chapter C (1)

=cabage,= to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. Turbervile, Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, _je cabacheray ma beste_’, Palsgrave. ME. _caboche_ (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. (Picard) _caboche_, the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397.

=cabbish,= a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.).

=cabinet,= a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the lark’s) moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854.

=cabrito,= a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span. _cabrito_.

=cacafugo,= a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. _cacafuego_.

=cackler,= the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).

=cackling-cheat;= see =cheat.= (Cant.)

=cacokenny,= a purposely perverted form of _cacochymy_, an unhealthy state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία.

=caddess,= the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a dawe, _Monedula_’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.).

=caddow,= the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt _cadowe_, Golding, Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. _cadow_(_e_, ‘monedula’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313).

=cade,= a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely, a foal. ‘The _Cade_ which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf), Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.^{3} 1). ME. a _cade_, ‘ovis domestica’ (Cath. Angl.).

=cade, oil of,= oil from the prickly cedar. _Oyle of Cade_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66; p. 187. F. _cade_, the prickly cedar (Cotgr).

=caitif,= a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; _caitifes_, unhappy men, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘_caitif_, malheureux, misérable, captif’ (Moisy); cp. Prov. _caitiu_, ‘captif, chétif, misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy). Celto-L. type *_cactivum_, L. _captivum_.

=calambac,= an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay _kalambak_. See NED.

=caldesed, chaldesed,= cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean, an astrologer.

=Calipolis,= the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 3: ‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: ‘Feed, and be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and Heywood has: ‘To feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King (Captain), vol. vi, p. 30. Those who consult Peele’s play will find the quotation to be extremely humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in Marston, What you Will, v. 1. 1.

=calke,= to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; _kalked_, pp.; id. Clarence, st. 26. Short for _calcule_, F. _calculer_, L. _calculare_.

=calker, calcar,= a calculator, an astrologer; ‘_Calkers_ of mens byrthes’, Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; _calcars_, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 95.

=calkins,= the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘_Rampone_, a calkin in a horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. to Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. _calcain_, heel (Godefrey). L. _calcaneum_, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18).

=callet,= a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B. Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘_Paillarde_, a strumpet, callet’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. (s.v. Callet, sb.^{1} 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII (ann. 1895).

=callot, calotte,= a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a skull-cap. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. _calotte_, dimin. of _cale_, a caul.

†=callymoocher,= a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver).

=calophantic,= making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. καλό-ς, fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show.

=calvered salmon,= fresh salmon prepared in a particular way; sometimes, apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1 (Gasparo). ME. _calvar_, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 320).

=cambrel,= a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang their meat. Also _cambren_, see Phillips (1706). Wel. _cambren_; _cam_ crooked, and _pren_ wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in England, from the Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. Cambrel, sb.^{1}). See =gambrel.=

=cambrel,= the hock of an animal; spelt _camborell_. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal, x. 20; ‘_Chapelet du jarret_, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, Cotgrave. See EDD.

=camisado,= a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. 2, l. 56. Span. _camiçada_, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). _Camiça_, _camisa_, ‘a shirt’, id. Late L. _camisia_, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. (s.v. Chemise).

=cammock, camocke,= a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially bent. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2. ME. _cambok_, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. _cambuca_, ‘baculus incurvatus’ (Ducange).

=camois=(=e.= Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 28; _camused_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). F. _camus_, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.).

=camomile;= said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol).

=camouccio,= a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 3 (Sogliardo); spelt _camooch_, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable (Lazarillo). Perhaps Ital. _camoscio_, the chamois.

=can,= a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. _burning of cans_, branding measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus).

=Can,= a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call Can’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v. Khan).

=can,= _pres. indic._, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton, Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can a noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{1} 1).

=can,= used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. very common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on duell’, 6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{2} 2).

=canaglia,= canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. _canaglia_, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ (Florio).

=canary,= a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. _canaries_, Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. iii. 12.

=canceleer, cancelier,= a hawking term. A hawk _canceleers_ when, in stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) _canceler_ (F. _chanceler_), to swerve, waver.

=candle:= phr. _to hold a candle to the devil_, to assist an evil person, to persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a candle to the devil’, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)).

=candles’ ends,= bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see =flapdragon.= Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267.

=candle-waster,= one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a student, or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much Ado, v. 1. A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)).

=cane,= a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford (s.v. Khan). Arab, _khān_, a building (unfurnished) for the accommodation of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See =hane.=

=canicular,= due to the dog-star. _Canicular aspect_, influence of the dog-star, excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, col. 1. ‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; bk. iv, ch. 13. L. _canicula_, dog-star (Horace).

=canion,= an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose . . . with _Canions_ annexed reaching down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see Furnivall, 56). ‘_Chausses à queue de merlus_, round breeches with strait cannions’, Cotgrave. Span. _cañon_, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel.

=canker,= a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; Milton, Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.^{2} 6). ME. _cankyr_, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.).

=canker,= the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words _canker-ball_, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, _canker-bell_, the bud of a wild rose, _canker-berry_, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, _canker-rose_, ‘Rosa canina’, the wild rose (EDD).).

=cankered,= ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1. 194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).

=cannakin,= a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. 71.

=cannel:= _Cannel bone_; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.; Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409; spelt _canell_: _canell of the necke_ (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. _cannell-bone_ (Lancash.), and _channel-bone_ (Somerset) in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. (Picard) _canel_, a channel; F. _canneau du col_, ‘the nape of the neck’ (Cotgr.).

=canon-bitt,= a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37; ‘_Canon_, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. _canon_, a tube (Levy).

=canstick,= a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in Berks. (EDD.).

=cant,= a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in a cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments of Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.^{3} 1). Norm. F. _cant_, ‘angle’ (Moisy).

=cant,= a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, see EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb^{4} 2). Cp. M. Du. _kant_ (Verdam).

=canted,= tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. 211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.^{3} 9 (1)). E. Fris. _kanten_, ‘etwas auf die Seite legen’ (Koolman).

=canter,= one who _cants_, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.).

=cantharides,= a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. _cantharides_, pl. of _cantharis_; Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly.

=canting out,= singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘’Tis easier _canting out_, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms, maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath).

=cantle,= a part, portion; ‘_Liron de pain_, a cantle of bread’, Cotgrave; ‘A cantel _pars, portio_’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. _cantel_, ‘minutal’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) _cantel_ = F. _chanteau_, ‘a corner-piece or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.).

=cantle,= to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden, Juvenal’s Satire, vii.

=cantore,= counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ _Cantore_’, Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. _kantoor_, F. _comptoir_, a counter.

=cantred,= a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398. Wel. _cantref_, a cantred; _cant_, a hundred + _tref_, a town. See Ducange (s.v. Cantredus).

=canvas:= phr. _to receive the canvas_, to get the sack; i.e. to be dismissed. Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); _give the canvas_, to dismiss, Hyde Park, i. 1 (end).

=canvasado,= a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App. a perverted form of =camisado,= q.v.; due to confusion with _canvass_, vb., to knock about, to assault (NED.).

=cap,= to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). From. L. _capias_, the name of a writ; _writ of capias_, a writ of arrest.

=cap a-huff, to set,= to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See =huff-cap.=

=cap of maintenance,= a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in processions. In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as borne, together with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the Sovereign at his coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance).

=capadochio,= a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in _Caperdochy_, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt _Capperdochy_, id. p. 86. App. for _Cappadocia_ (a bit of university slang).

=cap-case,= a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4 (De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano).

=caper,= a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). Du. _kaper_, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766).

=capilotade,= a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. _capilotade_, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &c. (Cotgr.).

=capnomanster,= one who divines from the way in which smoke rises from an altar. For _capnomancer_, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From _capnomancy_, divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία.

=capocchia,= a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital. _capocchio_, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio).

=capot,= in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); to win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have _capotted_ her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. _faire capot_ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).

=cappadocian.= In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had come to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad _Cappadocians_’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would feast them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently a jocose expression for _mad-caps_, with a punning reference to the _cap_, i.e. the _flat-cap_, which was the special headgear of the London apprentice, and to which frequent references are made. Just below he varies it to ‘my fine dapper Assyrian lads’.

=caprich,= a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, Hadibras, ii. 1. 18; printed _capruch_, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Ital. _capriccio_, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s hair to stand on end’ (Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (_capo_ + _riccio_); see note on ‘Caprice’, by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., July, 1912.

=capricious,= witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 2 (Roughman).

=capte,= capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877); fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45.

=capuccio,= a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. _capuccio_, a cowl.

=carabin=(=e, carbine,= a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. _carabin_, ‘cavalier qui porte une carabine’ (Dict. de l’Acad.).

=caract,= worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely); Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass).

=caract, carect,= a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; _holy Carects_, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. _carect_ (Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. _caracta_, ‘marque, caractère’ (Levy). Norm. F. _caractes_, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. _caracter_ (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4), Gk. χαρακτήρ.

=caravan= (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=caravel, carvel,= a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America (ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt _carvel_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 2. 15. F. _caravelle_, Ital. _caravella_, Port. _caravéla_.

=carbonado,= a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, ii. 3. 175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. _carbonada_, ‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu).

=carcanet,= a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4; ‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. _carcan_, ‘une espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=card,= a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the compass were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 (Archas). _To speak by the card_, i.e. with the precision shown by such a card, Hamlet, v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ card’, i.e. of the map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. 334.

=card,= to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber, p. 25. _To card a rest_, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see =rest=), Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32.

=cardecu,= an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. 314; v. 2. 35. F. _quart d’écu_.

=carduus benedictus,= the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14.

=care:= phr. _to take care for_, to give attention to. BIBLE, 2 Kings xxii, and Esther vi (contents).

=carect, carrect,= a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. 3); _carrects_, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. _carraca_, see Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca).

=careful,= anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv. 983; BIBLE, Dan. iii. 16. ME. _careful_, full of care, sorrowful (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1565).

=carfe,= an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. (1603) ‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or axe in felling timber (EDD.).

=cargazon,= a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. ii, pt. 1, p. 217. Span. _cargazon_, cargo.

=cargo,= used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context refers to great riches.

=cark=(=e,= anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘_Esmoy_, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, Cotgrave; Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in phr. _cark and care_ (EDD.). ME. _cark_(_e_, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). Anglo-F. _cark_ (_kark_), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and Picard form of Central F. _charge_. See Dict. _Cark_(_e_, to be anxious; ‘I carke, I care, I take thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 15; Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, 107.

=carl,= a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. Icel. _karl_, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to _jarl_, as OE. _ceorl_ to _eorl_.

=carl,= to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v. Carl, sb.^{1} 3).

=carlot,= a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108.

=carnadine,= a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. _carnadino_, a flesh-colour (Florio); _carne_, flesh.

=carnifex,= a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. _carnifex_, an executioner.

=caroche,= a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. _carroche_ (Cotgr.). Ital. _carroccio_, a carriage, a ‘caroche’.

=carosse,= a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures). F. _carosse_ (Cotgr.); Med. F. _carrosse_.

†=carpell.= Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown.

=carpet,= a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 (Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, Heylin, Hist. of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense that a matter was said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the council-table). See Trench, Select Glossary.

=carpet-knight,= a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of battle; ‘_Mignon de couchette_, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to be in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1 (Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the field. See NED.

=carriage,= that which is carried, baggage. BIBLE, 1 Sam. xvii. 22; Acts xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed _impedimenta_’, Fuller, Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12.

=carricado,= a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado).

=carvel;= see =caravel=.

=carwitchet, carwhitchet,= a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See NED. (s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet).

=case,= a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (description of _Wrath_); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is altered, ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); ‘two case of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46).

=case,= to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, Span. Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). Still in use in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, sb.^{1} 6).

=casible,= a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s Pawn). Med. Lat. _casibula_ (Ducange, s.v. Casula).

=caskanet,= a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the sense of a necklace set with jewels (or _carcanet_), sometimes in the sense of a _casket_. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED.

=cass,= to cashier, dismiss; ‘_Malandrin_, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. The pp. was confused with _cast_, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. _casser_, ‘to break, to casse, casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. _casar_, ‘casser, briser’ (Levy).

=cassan, casson,= cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Casson_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. _kaas_, a cheese.

=cassock,= a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original; so F. _casaque_, Span. and Port. _casaca_, and Ital. _casacca_. Cp. MHG. _casagân_, a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin (through the Arabic), see NED.

=cast,= for _cassed_; see =cass.=

=caster,= one who casts dice, in gaming. The _setter_ is one who _sets_, or proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to propose a very high stake, he says—_ware the caster!_ i.e. let him beware. The caster usually says _at all!_ i.e. I cast against all setters; but he may limit the amount of the stake. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell).

=caster,= a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 82.

=casting,= anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge. Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo).

=casting-bottle,= a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also _casting-glass_, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente).

=castrel,= a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. _cercerelle_, a kestrel (Cotgr.).

=cat,= in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and sieges. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, i. 2. This military work was also called a =cavalier,= q.v. See NED. (s.v. Cat, sb.^{1} 6 b).

=Cataian,= a _Cathaian_, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a scoundrel; because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See Nares.

=cataphract,= a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely protected.

=catasta,= a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. L. _catasta_, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. _catasta_, an engine of torture (Ducange).

=catastrophe,= conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv. 1. 77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10.

†=Catazaner,= only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a misprint for _Catayaner_ = =Cataian,= q.v.

=cater,= a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. _catour_ (Gamelyn, 321), for Anglo-F. _acatour_, a buyer. See Dict.

=cater-tray,= lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on opposite faces of a die. Hence _stop-cater-tray_, the name of a false or loaded die. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See =quatre.=

=Catherine pear,= a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad on Wedding. _Catherine-pear-coloured_, of a light red colour, used of a lady’s complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of the Hall, ‘’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine pear that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).]

=catlings,= catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306.

=catso,= a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. 8 (NED.). Ital. _cazzo_, an interjection of admiration, as some women cry suddenly (Florio); _cazzo_, ‘membrum virile’.

=catstick,= a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, i. 2 (Ward).

=catzerie,= roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12.

=cauled,= having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327. ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351.

=causen,= to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. _causare_. (Ducange).

=cautel=(=e,= wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty device, trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. _cautele_, L. _cautela_ (in Roman Law) precaution. Anglo-F. _cautele_, deceit (Rough List).

=cautelous,= cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.); Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. 1. 33.

=cavalier=(=o.= Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span. _cavalléro_, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an Elevation of Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other Works’ (Stevens, 1706); cp. Ital. _cavagliére a cavállo_ (Florio). F. _cavalier_, ‘se dit d’une pièce de fortification de terre fort élevée, & où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).

=cavallerie,= an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers, Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F. _cavallerie_, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.).

=cavell,= a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay, Satyre, 2863. See Jamieson.

=caveson,= a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The Lithuanians, sir, . . . must Be rid with _cavesons_’, Sir J. Suckling, Brennoralt, iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. _caveçon_, ‘a cavechine or cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _cavezzone_, augmentative of _cavezza_ a halter; Med. L. _capitia_, _capitium_, a head-covering (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. _cavesson_).

=cazimi, cazini:= in phr. _in cazimi_, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’, Lilly, Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton, Pol. xiv (near the end).

=cecchin,= a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital. _zecchino_, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See =chequin.=

=cedule,= a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing. Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt _cedle_, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, 5, bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt _sedyl_ (same page). OF. _cedule_; Med. Lat. _cedula_, _scedula_ (Ducange), dimin. of _sceda_, _scheda_. See NED. (s.v. Schedule).

=cee,= a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college with the letter _c_, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a _cue_, as being its price. ‘Eate _cues_, drunk _cees_’, 1 Part of Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘_Cues_ and _cees_’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See =cue.=

=cellar,= a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 1 (last line).

=cemitare,= a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. _cimeterre_ (Cotgr.), Span. _cimitarra_.

=censure,= judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give an opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 25.

=cent,= a game at cards; also spelt _saint_, _sant_; it seems to have resembled piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, sc. 5 (Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, because 100 was ‘game’. See Nares.

=centener,= a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak. Plut., p. 237, n. 2); _centiner_, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. _centenier_ (Cotgr.), L. _centenarius_, consisting of a hundred; = centurio (Vegetius, fl. A.D. 385).

=cento,= a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy Fair, ii. 2; used _fig._, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable outsides . . . a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. _cento_, a garment of patchwork.

=centre,= the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Mar. Claudius).

=centrinel, centronel,= a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe, Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus).

=cerastes,= a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης.

=ceration,= a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). L. _cera_, wax.

=cere,= to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the bodye . . . embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. _cerare_, to wax; _cera_, wax.

=cere-cloth,= the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. _cerements_, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See =sear-cloth.=

=certes,= certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. _certes_, truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _certas_ (Levy).

=cestron,= a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52.

=cetywall,= see =setwall.=

=ch,= a form of _ich_, _utch_, southern form of the first personal pronoun _I. Cha_, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); _chad_, I had, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 3; _cham_, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 1; _chave_, I have, Peele, Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); _chee_ (for _ich_), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; _I chid_, I should, ii. 1. 20; _chill_, I will, King Lear, iv. 6. 239; _chud_, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD.

=chacon,= a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘_Chacon_: Two Nymphs and Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. _chaconne_ (Hatzfeld); Span. _chacona_ (Neuman and B.).

†=chaflet,= (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a _chaflet_ in a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only in this passage. Probably the same as OF. _chafault_, a temporary platform. See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold).

=chaldrons,= entrails of a calf, &c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1 (Fustigo). Spelt _chawdron_, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, _chauldron_, Hertford, _chaudron_, Gloucester, _chawdon_, Leicester, see EDD. (s.v. Chawdon). OF. _chaudun_, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. _kaldaunen_.

=challes,= jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; _chall-bones_, jaw-bones; id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. _chaul_ (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. _ceafl_.

=cham,= khan. The _Great Cham_, the Great Khan; commonly applied to the ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China. Much Ado, ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki _khān_, lord, prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan).

=chamber,= a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57; Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b).

=chambering,= wanton behaviour in private places. BIBLE, Romans xiii. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. _chamberer_, one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265.

=chamber-lie,= see =lye.=

=chamelot,= a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly eastern fabric, camlet. _Water Chamelot_, camlet with a wavy or watered surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. _chamelot_ (Littré).

=chamfered,= furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF. _chanfraindre_, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly for _chant-fraindre_, which may = Med. L. _cantum frangere_, to break the edge or side.

=champian, champion,= the champaign, level open country, BIBLE, Deut. xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173; Gosson, School of Abuse, 29.

=chandry, chandrie,= short for _chandlery_, the place where candles were kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs (Notch). OF. _chandel_(_l_)_erie_.

=changeling,= a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The Changeling’, the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an idiot’, A. i, sc. 2. _To play the changeling_, to play the fool, Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. (s.v. Change. 8).

=chank,= to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97), viii. 825 (fol. 105, back).

=channel,= the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See =cannel.=

=channel-bone,= the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266; Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See =cannel.=

=chapine,= a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa); Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). Span. _chapin_, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See =choppine.=

=char, chare,= car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville, Induction, st. 7. F. _char_, a chariot (Cotgr.).

=character,= handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M. iv. 2. 208. F. _caractere_, a form of writing (Cotgr.).

=chare,= chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593); dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134.

=chare, charre,= a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl. iv. 15. 75; _Chare_, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (_This_) _char_(_re is char’d_, this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. 375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce 392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, sb.^{1}). OE. _cerr_, a turn, ‘temporis spatium’ (B. T.).

=charet=(=t,= a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; BIBLE, Exod. xiv. 6; 2 Kings ix. 16; _charettes_, carts, _Gascoigne_, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). F. _charette_, a chariot (Cotgr.).

=charm,= the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus (ed. 1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); _charme_, to make a melodious sound, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many voices, of birds, bees, &c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.^{1}). See =chirm.=

=charm,= to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm, Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias).

=charneco, charnico,= a species of sweet wine. From a village so called near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; _Charnico_, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301). See Stanford.

=chartel,= a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4): Bobadil. Span. _cartel_, Ital. _cartello_, dimin. of _carta_, paper, letter.

=chase,= a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3. 255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. _chace_, a hunting-ground, a chase (Rough List).

=chatillionte,= delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2 (Lurewell). F. _chatouillant_, pr. pt. of _chatouiller_, to tickle, to provoke with delight (Cotgr.).

=chauf,= to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2; _chauffed_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. _chaufer_ (F. _chauffer_), to warm.

=chave,= for _ich have_, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 (Pan). See =ch.=

=chawne,= a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i. 435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 1 (Andrugio); ‘_Crevasser_, to chop, chawn . . . rive’, Cotgrave. ‘Chawn’ is in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused by dry weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See =choane.=

=cheasell,= gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp. the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. _chisel_ or gravel, ‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. _ceosel_, _cysel_, gravel.

=cheat,= wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom., 3; Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; _cheat bread_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); _cheat loaf_, B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). Bread of the first quality was called _manchet_. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.^{2}).

=cheat= (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by some descriptive word. _The Cheate_ (= _treyning cheate_), the gallows, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 28; _cackling-cheate_, the domestic fowl, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Prigg); _grunting cheate_, a pig (id.); _belly-cheat_, an apron, id. ii. 1 (Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.^{1} 3). See =backcheat.=

=cheator,= a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice; Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus).

=check= (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper game, and pursues rooks, doves, &c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Maria); _to fly at check_, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; _check_, base game, rooks, &c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110.

=checked,= chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt _chequed_, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd).

=checker-approved,= approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.^{1} 1).

=checklaton,= a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. _chiclaton_, also _ciclaton_ (Godefroy). The ME. form was _ciclatun_ (_syklatoun_); see Juliana, 8, and Chaucer, C. T. B. 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun).

=chedreux,= a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name. Also Shaddrew (NED.).

=chequin,= an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 (_chickeens_ in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of Volpone). See Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See =cecchin.=

=cherry,= to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. _chérir_, to hold dear.

=cherry-pit,= a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown into a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 (Cuddy).

=cheve,= to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, _Je aschieve_’, Palsgrave. OF. _chever_, to finish (NED.).

=cheve, chive,= to befall, happen to. Phr. _foul cheeve him_, ill befall him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; _foul chive him_, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought).

=cheveril,= kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. Twelfth Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. _cheverel_, ‘ledyr’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _cheveril_ (Rough List), deriv. of OF. _chevre_, a goat.

=chevin, cheven,= the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘_Chevesne_, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks. word for the chub (EDD.). OF. _chevesne_; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne).

=chevisaunce,= merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut. xxi. 14. ME. _chevisaunce_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1519). OF. _chevissance_, ‘pactum, transactio, conventio’. Med. L. _chevisantia_ (Ducange).

=chevisaunce= (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise, achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8.

=che vor:= in phr. _che vor ye_. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant you’, King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the word _vor_ has not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to exist in prov. use. _Che vore ’un_, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). _Cha vore thee_ is found in The Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3 (Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha vore thee, son . . . Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here, _cha vore thee_ may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’)

=chewet, chewit,= a chough, _fig._ a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F. _chouette_, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.).

=chewet,= a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca).

=chewre,= a turn of work; see =chare.=

=Cheyney;= see =Philip.=

=chiarlatan,= a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a _crowd_. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; _ciarlitani_, pl., B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. _ciarlatano_, a babbler, mountebank, fr. _ciarlare_, to babble; whence F. _charlatan_, ‘a pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.).

=chiaus=(=e,= a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish _chāush_.

=chiause, chouse,= one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s Dict., A _chouse_, a man fit to be cheated.]

=chiause, chowse,= _v._, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’, Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are _chowsed_’, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010.

=chibbal,= a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); _chibal_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 Gipsy). ‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south-west country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. _chibolle_ (P. Plowman, B. vi. 296). OF. (Picard) _chibole_ (F. _ciboule_); L. _cepulla_, dimin. of _cepa_, onion.

=chibrit,= sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt _kibrit_ (NED.). Arab. _kibrīt_, sulphur; cp. Heb. _gophrīth_, Aramaic, _kubrīth_.

=chiches,= chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. _ciceris_, l. 249); spelt _chittes_, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. 10; Udall, Apoph., Diogenes, 47. F. _chiches_, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. _chiche_ (Roman. Rose, 6911).

=chiefrie,= the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663).

=chievance,= raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64). F. ‘_chevance_, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.).

=child:= phr. _to be with child_, used _fig._, to be full of expectation. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long after, desire vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola).

=Child Rowland,= a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16.

=chilis,= a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is equated to _vena cava_). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte . . . of the liuer there issueth a veyne called _concava_ or _chilis_’, Traheron, Vigo’s Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, _vena cava_.

=chill;= as in _I chill_, for _Ich ’ill_, I will. ‘Tell you I _chyll_’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 1. See =ch.=

=china-house,= a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle).

=chinchard,= a niggard, miser. Spelt _chyncherde_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2517. ME. _chinche_, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2793); Norm. F. _chinche_, ‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy).

=chinclout,= a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. _muffler_ in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73.

=chine,= to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘_Eschiner_ (_échiner_), to chine, to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use in Suffolk (EDD.).

=chink,= a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also spelt _chinch_. Span. _chinche_, a bug; L. _cimex_.

=chink,= a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503.

=chire,= a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt _chyer_, Drayton, Harmony, Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. _chire_, ‘genimen’ (Cath. Angl.).

=chirm,= a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or voices. Spelt _chyrme_, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; _churm_, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See =charm.=

=chirr,= to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 16.

=chitterling,= a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet Droonkardes (NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4).

=chitterlings,= the smaller intestines of the pig, &c., esp. when fried or boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=chitty-face,= one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of contempt; ‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 188; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, _puellulus_, _improbulus_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu, Ductor (1617). OF. _chiche-face_ (_chiche-fache_), lean face (Godefroy). The word occurs in Rabelais, i. 183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the perverted form _chichevache_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1188), the name of a fabulous monster said to feed on patient wives.

=chival,= a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), Turbervile, Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 204; but here _chival_ may be for _’chieval_, _achieval_, achievement.

=chive, cive,= a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘_Escurs_, the little sallad herb called _Cives_ or _Chives_’, Cotgrave. F. _cive_ (North F. _chive_), onion; L. _cepa_, onion.

=chive;= see =cheve.=

=choane,= a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘_Fendasse_, a cleft, choane’, Cotgrave. See =chawne.=

=choke-pear,= a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to swallow or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3 (end).

=choplogic,= a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to _choploge_; ‘Choploges or greate pratlers’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Merygreek).

=choppine,= a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘_Pianelloni_, great pattins or choppins’, Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Tissefew). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See =chapine.=

=chreokopia,= a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt.

=Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,= a cross (✠) placed at the beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, _Christcross-row_, the alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to _cross-row_, Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares.

=Christ-tide,= Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to avoid the use of the word _mass_. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias) See NED.

=chrysopoeia,= the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. χρυσοποιία.

=chrysosperm,= seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk. χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed.

=chuck,= darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth, iii. 2. 45; ‘His _chuck_, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 68 (ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.^{1} 4).

=chuff,= a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a churlish miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see EDD. (s.v. Chuff, adj.^{1} 1). ME. _choffe_ or _chuffe_, ‘rusticus’ (Prompt.).

=church-book,= (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer).

=ciarlitani;= see =chiarlatan.=

=cibation,= a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). From L. _cibus_, food.

=cinoper,= ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG. _zinober_.

=cinque-pace,= a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. _cinq pas_, lit. five paces; Littré gives _cinq pas et trois visages_ (five paces, three faces) as the name of an old French dance.

=cioppino,= a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon). See =choppine.=

=circling:= phr. _a circling boy_, i.e. a kind of _roarer_, one who circumvented and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 (Edgworth). See Nares.

=circular,= going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Physician).

=circumstance,= detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars; ‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181; ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’, Othello, iii. 3. 355.

=citronise,= to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle).

=cittern-headed,= ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in barbers’ shops.

†=city-wires= (?); ‘His cates . . . Be fit for ladies: some for lords, knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. Jonson, Epicoene (Prologue).

=civil,= sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il Pens., 122.

=clack-dish,= a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 (Gerardine). See =clapdish.=

=clad,= to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce p. 602.

=cladder,= a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘_Cladders_? Yes, catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia).

=clair-voyant,= clear-sighted, having good insight. _Clara voyant_, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end).

=clamper up,= to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus, (ed. Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to _clamper up_ a story’, in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).]

=clap,= a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4. 3; _to catch a clap_, to meet with a mischance, Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman).

=clapdish,= a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a clapping noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See =clack-dish.=

=clapper,= a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony . . . in his _claper_’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). ‘_Clapier_, a clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a rabbit-hole (EDD.). O. Prov. _clapier_, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy).

=clapperclaw,= to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.).

=clapperdudgeon,= a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i. 4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman, Caveat, p. 44. Cp. _clapper_, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; _dudgeon_ was the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &c.

=clarissimo,= a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span. word, lit. most illustrious.

=clary, clare,= a pot-herb, the _Salvia Sclarea_, supposed to be good for the eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt _Cleare-eie_, _Clear-eye_; ‘Spirits of clare to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The Wits, v (Thwack); spelt _clary_, ‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{2}).

=clary,= a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. Congreve, Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. 1 (Lord Rake). ME. _clarree_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1471). OF. _claré_, that which is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{1}).

=classhe.= See =closh.=