Chapter M (9)

=stint,= some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet (EDD.).

=stiponie.= ‘_Stipone_, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612. ‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? _Maid._ I know how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick); also spelt _stepony_, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155.

=stire, styre,= to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE. _stȳran_, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer).

=stirp,= a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. _stirps_, a stem.

=stitch,= a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter passage, a _stitch’s_ length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This word is in prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of land, as much land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of grass-land in an arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.^{1} 8 and 9).

=stitch,= a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick).

=stitchel,= a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, v. 3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v. Stetchel).

=stithy,= an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have _stith_); to forge, ‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stith_, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2026). Icel. _steði_. See =stedy.=

=stoccata,= a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; _stoccado_, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 234; _stockado_, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. _stoccata_, a thrust, a stoccado given with a _stócco_ (a tuck or short-arming sword); see Florio; Span. _estocáda_, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens).

=stock,= to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Alvarez); a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Matzagente). F. _estoc_, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, a thrust; _coup d’estoc_, a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See =stuck.=

=stock,= nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 (ed. Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. Stock, 18).

=stock-fish,= dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or _stockes_, by reason whereof the Germayns caule them _stockefyshe_’, R. Eden, Works (ed. Arber, p. 303); Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the name is uncertain; Koolman gives the Low G. form as _stok-fisk_, and thinks they were so called because dried upon _stocks_ or poles in the sun.

=stoin,= to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii, 774; iii. 48 (L. _obstupui_). See =astonied.=

=stomach,= courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. 34; resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be angry, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use for courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. _estomago_, courage, valour, resolution; L. _stomachus_, displeasure, irritation, _stomachari_, to be irritated, out of humour.

=stond,= a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve seen a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7).

=stone-bow,= a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth Night, ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9.

=stool-ball,= a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton, Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.).

=stoop,= a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious stoops’, Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, _souche_’, Palsgrave; _stulpe_, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). The word is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: _stoup_, _stowp_, _stolpe_, _stulp_(_e_, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.^{1}). ME. _stulp_, or stake, ‘paxillus’ (Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. 2171). Icel. _stōlpi_, a post, pillar, cp. _Stōlpa-sund_, the Pillar Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the Straits of Gibraltar.

=stoop,= to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’, Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used _fig._, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 (Lovewit); used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my pheasant’, Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) to stoop whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius).

=stoor,= strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. _stoore_, or herd, or boystows, ‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. _stōrr_, rough, great. See =stowre.=

=stooved,= kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, Bacon, Essay 46. From _stoove_ = _stove_.

=storken,= to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, _congelari_’, Levins, Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. _storkna_, to coagulate. See =stark.=

=stork’s bill,= a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. _ciconia_, (1) a stork; (2) a derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill (Persius).

=stound, stownd,= time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; Shep. Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘_stounds_, fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stounde_, hour, time (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1212), OE. _stund_. See =stowne.=

=stoup,= a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius).

=stour, stowre,= a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, disturbance; danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. 3. 50; Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. _stour_, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1270). Anglo-F. _estour_, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. Prov. _estor_, _estorn_, ‘combat, mêlée’; _estornir_, _estormir_, ‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. _stormo_, a conflict, combat (Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. _sturm_, disturbance, combat (Schade).

=stover,= provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, Desc. Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. 1. 63; Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). Anglo-F. _estover_, maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of wood to be taken out of another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. _estovoir_, to be necessary. Romanic type _stopere_, a verb formed from L. _est opus_, it is necessary, so W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange (s.v. Estoverium).

=stover up,= to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To stover’ is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to bristle up’, probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above.

=stownd,= to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v (Ajax); p. 343; _stound_, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19.

=stowne,= an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’, Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See =stound.=

=stowre,= strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of conversacyon, _estourdy_’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; _stower_, hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See =stoor.=

=strage,= slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16; Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius). L. _strages_, slaughter.

=strain,= race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. v. 1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of =strene,= q.v.

=strain:= phr. _to strain courtesy_, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse to go first, Venus and Ad. 888.

=strain,= to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.^{3}).

=strain,= to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80.

=strake,= a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the game is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many other blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52; ‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. _strake_, to sound a note, to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386).

=strake,= the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xx. 247; BIBLE, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section or strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, sb.^{1} 2).

=stramazoun,= a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fast. Brisk); _stramison_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Ital. _stramazzone_, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of _stramazzare_, ‘to kill throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. _estramaçon_, a stroke given with the edge of the sword (Hatzfeld).

=strange,= belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made himselfe strange unto them’, BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a stranger towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, 46 (P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; _to make it strange_, to seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus And. ii. 1. 81; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. _estrange_, foreign; L. _extraneus_.

=strangeness,= shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 2 (Isabella).

=strappado,= a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which inflicted severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking form, but it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. _strappata_, a pulling-up (Florio). Cp. F. _strapade_ (16th cent., Godefroy); _estrapade_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). See Stanford.

=strapple,= to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); to impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means to bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _strapeles_, fastenings of breeches; _strapils_, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S.

=streak,= to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _streken_ (Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); _strekis_, stretches (Wars Alex. 1953).

=strene,= generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. 6. 9. ME. _streen_, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. E. 157); OE. (Anglian) _strēnan_ (WS. _strīenan_), to beget, generate. See =strain= (race).

=strength,= a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2 (Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, BIBLE, Ezek. xxx. 15.

=streperous,= noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); vol. vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. _obstreperus_, noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of _strepere_, to make a noise.

=strich,= the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. _strix_, Gk. στρίγξ.

=strike:= phr. _strike me luck_, used in striking a bargain, and giving earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540.

=strike,= to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell.

=striker,= a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 Court.); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end).

=stringer,= a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, i. 1 (Wife).

=strip,= to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly, ‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson, School of Abuse (Halliwell).

†=strives= (=?=)=.= ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. U 5, back.

=stroke,= to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Opinion); _stroker_, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. _strācian_, to stroke, caress, cp. OHG. _streichōn_, ‘demulcere’.

=strommel;= see =strummel.=

=strong,= _pp._ strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16.

=stroot, strout,= to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. _strowtyn_, ‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. _strotzen_, to swell. See =strut.=

=strossers,= tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks. See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).

=strout;= see =stroot.=

=stroy,= to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. _stroyen_, to destroy (P. Plowman, B. xv. 387).

=strummel,= straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); _strommel_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence _strummel-patched_, ‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as _strummel_, E. Anglian for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.).

=strut,= to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See =stroot.=

=stryfull,= strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12.

=stuck,= in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained as = _stoccado_, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier itself. Cp. Cotgrave: ‘_Estoc_, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See =stock.=

=studde,= stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13. ‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), the same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. _stode_, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4), OE. _studu_, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. _stoð_, a post. See Dict. (s.v. Stud).

=stulpe;= see =stoop= (a post).

=stum,= unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5; Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence _stummed wine_, wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2. _Stum_, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Dorimant). Du. _stom_, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; _gestomde wyn_, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel).

=stupe,= a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. _stuppa_, tow.

=stutte,= to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte, _Je besgue_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). ME. _stotyn_, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); _stutte_, ‘balbutire’ (Cath. Angl.).

=sty, stie,= to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7. 46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. _stien_, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. 17). OE. _stīgan_.

=styfemoder,= stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. _stiefmoeder_ (Hexham).

=subact,= to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L. _subactus_, pp. of _subigere_, to subdue, reduce.

=subeth.= ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. _subet_, ‘a lethargy’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _subitus_ = L. _sopitus_, deriv. of _sopire_, to deprive of consciousness, to lull to sleep; see Ducange.

=sublime,= to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Mammon).

=submit,= to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord Chancellor Clarendon, 139; _submitted_, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249.

=succeed,= to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. _succedere_.

=success,= issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from parents, succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are gentle’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394.

=successive,= successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen).

=succussation,= trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, § 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. _succussare_, to jolt.

=sucket,= a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea Voyage, v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF. _succade_, also _sucrade_, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); O. Prov. _sucrada_, ‘sucrée’.

=sufferance,= pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. F. _souffrance_, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ (Cotgr.).

=suffragate,= to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden, Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. _suffragare_, to vote for.

=sugar-loaf,= a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3.

=sugerchest,= the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this Tree but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, Davies, Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 123, 125.

=suggill,= to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039. L. _sugillare_.

=suitor,= pronounced so as to resemble _shooter_; ‘A Lady . . . hadde three _sutors_, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293.

=sulk,= to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; ii. 218. L. _sulcus_, a furrow.

=sultanin,= an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, _sulṭânîy_, belonging to a sovereign; a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, _sulṭân_, a sultan.

=summed,= a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, Pol. xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge . . . summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used _fig._ of clothes, ‘Till you be summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4 (Lance).

=sumpter,= a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos. More, iii. 2. 43. ME. _sumpter_ (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. _sommetier_, a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. _saumatier_, ‘conducteur de bêtes de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. _saumaterius_ (Ducange, s.v. Sagma), deriv. of _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, a pack-horse. See =somer.=

=supply,= to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F. _supplier_, L. _supplicare_.

=suppose,= a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 11.

=surantler;= see =antlier.=

=surbate,= to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 (Woodroff); _surbet_, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence _surbater_, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 (Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘_Surbature_, a surbating’; also, ‘_Soubatture_, a surbating, or surbate’.

=surcease,= prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority; arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer Book, Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; Lucrece, 1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. _sursis_, delay, stop (Littré), Anglo-F. _sursise_ (Laws of William); _sursis_, pp. of Norm. F. _surseër_ (F. _surseoir_), to pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. _supersedere_, to delay (Ducange). In Law L. a writ of _supersedeas_ is issued to stay proceedings, L. _supersedere_, to desist from. _Surcease_ owes its form to association with _cease_ (F. _cesser_). Tho original pronunciation of the _i_ in _sursis_ is preserved as in _caprice_, _police_, _machine_, _marine_.

=surcingle,= a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). OF. _sourcengle_ (Godefroy). L. _super_, above; _cingulum_, a belt, girdle, from _cingere_, to gird.

=sure,= indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; L. L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’, Records of Oxford, A.D. 1530, p. 75.

=surfle, surfell, surphle,= to wash with sulphur-water or other cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. _soufrer_, to impregnate with sulphur or with sulphur-vapour (Godefroy, Supp.).

=surquedry,= presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31; Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301 (Nares); _surcuidrie_, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. _surquidrie_, presumption (Chaucer, C. T. I. 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. 213). Anglo-F. _surquiderie_ (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. _surcuiderie_, arrogance; cp. _cuider_, _quider_ (Ch. Rol.), L. _cogitare_, to think.

=surreined,= overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, iii. 5. 19. See =sooreyn.=

=surround,= to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, _oultre couler_’, Sherwood, so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . . ben surrounded and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (A.D. 1489). OF. _soronder_, to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. _surunder_, _soronder_ (Moisy); Med. L. _superundare_ ‘abonder’ (Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym.

=sursurrara,= a writ of _certiorari_. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle). See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v. Siserary).

=suscitate,= to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; _suscitability_, aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. _suscitare_, to arouse.

=suspect,= suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89; B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period. Med. L. _suspectus_, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _sospet_, ‘soupçon’ (Levy).

=suspire,= to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. 4. 80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh, Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), in Wks., iii. 249. L. _suspirare_, to draw a deep breath.

=swad,= a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.^{3}). Prob. identical with _swad_, a sod, a clod, see EDD. (s.v. Sward, sb.^{2} 1).

=swaddle,= to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, _bastonner_’, Sherwood. _To swaddle a person’s sides_, ‘to beat him soundly’, is a Kentish phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.^{1} 2). See Halliwell, and Nares.

=swag,= to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, _pencher tout d’un costé_’, Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD.

=swage,= to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). ME. _swagyn_, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.).

=swale,= a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding, Metam. v. 336 (L. _umbra_); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.^{1}). ME. _swale_, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 444). Icel. _sval_, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. _svala_ (Aasen).

=sward,= the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon, _la peau de lard ou d’un jambon_,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _sward_ of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. 445). OE. _sweard_, rind of bacon, cp. G. _schwarte_, skin, rind.

=swarth,= a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the said way is called in one or two places _the king’s swarth_ . . . the king’s way’, Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth (formerly called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went over by a bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. _swaðu_, a track. See =swath.=

=swarth,= in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being ‘a good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.^{1}). Probably the same word as =swath,= q.v.

=swarth,= black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.).

=swarty,= dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart).

=swash,= to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In prov. use (EDD.).

=swash,= a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also _swasher_, Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; _swashing_, blustering, As You Like It, i. 3. 122; tremendous, crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to swash’ means to swagger, to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a swaggerer, see EDD. (s.v. Swash, 5).

=swash-buckler,= one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; ‘_Mangia-ferro_, _Mangia-cadenacci_, a devourer of iron-bolts, a swash-buckler, a bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘_Bravache_, swaggerer, swash-buckler’, Cotgrave. See Halliwell.

=swash-ruter,= a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 544. See =rutter.=

=swath,= a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like the mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _swath_ of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); _swathe_, ‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _swæð_, a track, the track of a plough, ‘somita’ (B. T.). See =swarth= (a track).

=swathling-clothes,= swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 (Q. edd.). ME. _swathlen_, to swaddle; _swaþeling-bonde_, a swaddling-band (Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle).

†=swatley.= ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em [of him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’, Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning unexplained.

=sweam,= faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of sluggardye’, Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, _subita aegrotatio_’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state of giddiness or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.^{2}). Cognate with OE. _swīma_, dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See =sweme.=

=sweet-breasted,= sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier).

=swelt,= to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares); _swelt_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _swelten_, to faint, languish (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 347). OE. _sweltan_, to die.

=swelter,= to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, see EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7).

=swelth,= a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. _swelth_ of a water, ‘vorago’ (Prompt. EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179).

=sweme,= grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. _sweem_, grief (Prompt., Harl. MS.); _swem_ (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. _ā-swǣman_, to be grieved, ‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See =sweam.=

=sweven,= a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, Old Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. _sweven_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. _swefn_.

=swill-bowl,= a heavy drinker; spelt _swiel bolle_. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 65.

=swinge,= to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, tyranny, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland and England in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. _swyngyn_, also, _swengyn_, to shake (Prompt.). OE. _swengan_.

=swinge,= to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=swinge-buckler,= a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24.

=swink,= to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 _swinkt_, pp., wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour, toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, work hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ (EDD.). ME. _swinken_, to toil, _swink_, toil (Chaucer). OE. _swincan_.

=swithe,= quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. _swythe_, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. T. C. 796, and B. 637). OE. _swīðe_, strongly. See =tit.=

=Switzer,= one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; _Switzers_, inhabitants of Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14.

=swoop,= a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, White Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. _Swoopstake_ (old edd. _soopstake_), drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141.

=swough,= a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; bk. v, c. 4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. _swowyn_, to make a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. _swōgan_, to make a noise like the wind.

=swound,= to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See =sowne= (2).

=syke,= such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country form, see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. _sike_ (Wars Alex. 126) OE. _swilc_ (_swylc_). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche).

=symarr,= a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See =cymar.=

=synnet;= see =sennet.=

=synteresis,= a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, and used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ of the laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach. Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1902, 39). Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly (a N. T. word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, p. 2 on the L. _sinderesis_, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word _sindérèse_ is used by French theological writers, Bossuet for example.

=sypers,= a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit. Drama, p. 10). See =cypress.=

=syse,= an allowance or settled ration; _to keepe the syse_, to exercise moderation, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, 1).

T

=T= for _to_, freq. profixed to verbs; as in _tabandon_, to abandon, _tescape_, to escape; so in Chaucer, _tabyde_, _tacoye_, _tamende_, &c.

=tabid,= liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19; _tabidly inclined_, id., § 4. L. _tabidus_, wasting away.

=tabine,= ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. _tabino_, ‘tabine’ (Florio). See NED. (s.v. Tabby).

=table,= the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; ‘To sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s Well, i. 1. 106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the Passion’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. _tabula_, a painted tablet or panel of a picture.

=table,= a writing-tablet. BIBLE, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3; _tables_, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, _table-book_, id., ii. 2. 136; hence, _tabled_, noted, set down, Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. _table_: ‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1741). L. _tabula_, a writing-tablet.

=tables,= the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See Nares. ME. _tables_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 900), Anglo-F. _juer as tables_ (Ch. Rol. l. 111).

=tabourine,= a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. _tabourin_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin).

=tabride,= a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned with armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict.

=tache,= a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); to find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. _tache_ (_tacche_), a stain, blemish, fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. _tache_, a stain, blemish (Gower, Mirour, 1231).

=tack,= that which fastens. Phr. _to hold tack with_, to hold one’s ground with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at bay, Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; _to hold tack_, to hold out, to endure, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 277.

=tack,= a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol. xix. 130; ‘_Le poisson pique_, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, Cotgrave. The same word as above.

=tackle,= a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=tag,= a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; _tag-rag people_, the mob, Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘_Tagge and ragge_, cutte and longe tayle’ (i.e. a mixed mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45.

=taillee,= to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., ii. 2 (Lurewell).

=taint,= a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222. ME. _taynte_, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for _attaint_, F. ‘_attainte_, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. _atainte_ (_ateinte_), deriv. of _ataindre_, to attain unto, to touch.

=taint,= to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1 (Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259.

=taint,= to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314.

=tainture,= an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1; Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture).

=take me with you,= let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go faster than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. _Take us with you_, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end).

=take order,= to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. 246); Bacon, Essay 36; BIBLE, 2 Macc. iv. 27.

=take up,= to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661; Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a quarrel, As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662.

=taken with the maner;= see =maner.=

=taking,= a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very common in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. Taking, 2).

=taking,= infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One, iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a varra takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)).

=tale,= a specified number, that which is counted. BIBLE, Exod. v. 8. 18; 1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ (i.e. counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this passage disputed).

=talent,= the talon of a bird of prey. For _talon_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence _talenter_, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley, World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House).

=tall,= valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as in Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c.

=tallage,= a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). Anglo-F. _tallage_, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally).

†=tallow-catch,= 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The form and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = _tallow-ketch_, i.e. a tub filled with tallow; by others = _tallow keech_, a round lump of fat. See =keech.=

=talwood,= wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word (EDD.). A rendering of OF. _bois de tail_, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy).

=tamin,= a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. _étamine_, stamin; ‘_estamine_, the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.).

=tancrete,= transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 417. OF. _tanscrit_, for _transcrit_, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. _transcrit_), L. _transcriptum_.

=tanling,= one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, iv. 4. 29.

=tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,= a dimin. pet-form of the name Anna, used especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1 (Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre).

=tanti,= so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt. Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. _tanti_, of so much value.

=Tantony,= for _St. Anthony_; often with reference to the attributes with which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; ‘His tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a tantony pig’, Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Saint Anthony).

=tapet,= a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 276; _tapets_, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. OE. _tæppet_, Late L. _tapetum_.

=tappish,= to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; _tappis_, Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); _tappes’d_, hidden, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. _tapir_, to hide; _se tapir_, to crouch, lie close, lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, _tapissant_. See =untappice.=

=taratantara,= the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. _taratantara_ (Ennius).

=targe,= shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. 1111. Anglo-F. _targe_, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569).

=target,= a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict.

=tarmagon,= a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See Dict. (s.v. Termagant).

=tarpawlin,= a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). The same as _tarpaulin_, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, Select Glossary.

=tarras, tarrass,= a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day, Act v (Lodovico). Hence, _tarrest_, terraced, provided with terraces; Heywood, London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276.

=tarre on,= to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. 117; Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in common use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _terre_, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre youre sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. _tergan_, to vex, see B. T. (s.v. Tirgan).

=tarsell,= a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See =tassel.=

=Tartarian,= a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end).

=task,= to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. _tasque_, taxe, règlement imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy), Med. L. _tasca_ (Ducange), L. _taxare_, to rate, estimate the value of a thing.

†=tassaker,= a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere.

=tassel,= the male of any kind of hawk; ‘_Tiercelet_, the Tassel, so termed because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, Cotgrave; _tassel-gentle_, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; _tassel gent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49; _tiercel gentle_, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See =tercel.=

=taste,= to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; to try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; to experience, to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123.

=tat, tatt,= a false die; _tatts_, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). _Tatmonger_, a sharper who uses false dice (in the same scene).

=tatler,= for _tattler_, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking watch; because it _tattles_ or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,= a man in tattered clothing; a ragged fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED.

=taumpin,= a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon for a gon, _tampon_’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion).

=taunt pour taunte,= tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68. F. _tant pour tant_, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt).

=Taurus:= ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were both wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1.

=tavell,= the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle. Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. Cp. mod. F. _tavelle_, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the cocoons; see NED.

=taw,= to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); _tawed_, treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 39. See Nares and Dict.

=taw,= to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 from end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe).

=tawdry,= pl. _tawdries_, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. _Tawdry-lace_, St. Awdry’s lace, i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict.

=tax,= to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost, v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See =task.=

=teade,= a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293; Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. _taeda_, a torch.

=teemed,= arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 314.

=teen,= harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, annoyance, id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. use in the north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland also in the sense of sorrow, grief. ME. _tene_, vexation, grief (Chaucer). See Dict. M. and S. OE. _tēona_, damage, harm, insult, calumny.

†=teen,= keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not found elsewhere.

=teend,= to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., Ceremonies for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Tend, vb.^{2}). ME. _teend_ (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. _tendan_, in compounds, as _ontendan_ (Exod. xxii. 6). See =tind.=

=tegge,= a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, _saillant_’, Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. Skelton has _tegges_, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. ‘Teg’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.).

=teil-tree,= a lime-tree or linden. BIBLE, Isaiah vi. 13; _teyle_, Golding, Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. _teil_; L. _tilia_.

=teint,= tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. _teint_, colour, complexion.

=teld,= _pt. t._, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. _telde_, told; ‘And thei . . . telden alle these thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. _tealde_, also _telede_ (Leechdoms); see B. T. (s.v. Tellan).

=temper,= to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. L. _temperare_, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=tempt,= to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, P. L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. _temptare_ (gen. written _tentare_), to attempt, essay.

=ten bones,= the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. Jonson, Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy).

=tender,= to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145; Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt.

=tenent,= a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle, Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED.

=teniente,= a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _teniente de una compañia_, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); _lugarteniente_, lieutenant (Stevens).

=tent,= to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME. _tent_ of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. _tente_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2).

=tercel,= the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); _tiercel_, Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. _tercel_ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 405 (v.rr. _tersel_, _tarsell_); _tarcel_, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). OF. _tercel_ (Godefroy), O. Prov. _tersol_ (Levy), Span. _terzuelo_, Ital. _terzuolo_, Med. L. _tertiolus_ (Ducange), F. _tiercelet_ (dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See =tassel.=

=terlerie-whiskie,= a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in the refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii (Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie).

=termer= (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the law-courts. Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft).

=termless,= unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75; incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable, Lover’s Complaint, 94.

=terre,= to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word.

†=terrial.= ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error for _terret_, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the jesses of a hawk (NED.).

=tertia,= a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden, Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. _tercio_, a regiment, a third part (Stevens).

=testate,= a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); vol. iv, p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422.

=testy,= witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire Em, ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. _teste_, the word which began the last clause of a writ, and signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. _testis_, a witness. See NED. (s.v. Teste, sb.^{2} 2 c).

=tetchy, teachy,= quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt _teachy_, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); _teachie_, Romeo, i. 3. 32 (1592). See NED.

=tetragrammaton,= the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ word, written Y H W H, vocalized Y a H W e H by modern scholars; in the BIBLE written JEHOVAH (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the LORD’; ‘Our English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, whereby God may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, 17 (NED.); Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152).

=tettish, teatish,= peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca).

=tew,= a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 29, st. 27; spelt _tewgh_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. _tewe_, fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (_ge_)_tǣwe_, _getāwe_, tackle, equipment.

=tew,= to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, _je souple_’, Palsgrave; to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is tewing of his net’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 (Clause); _to tew hemp_, Ray’s Country Words, A.D. 1691. In prov. use for dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. Tew, vb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _tewyn lethyr_, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.).

=tewly,= scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, 1516, Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); _tuly_, colowre, ‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. _tieulé_, of the colour of a tile, i.e. red (Godefroy), deriv. of _tieule_ (F. _tuile_), a tile, L. _tegula_.

=teyle;= see =teil-tree.=

=teyned.= ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. _teyne_, a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel. _teinn_, rod, _gull-teinn_, a rod of gold.

=than,= then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common).

=tharborough,= a form of =thirdborough,= q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185.

=thatch’d head,= a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick matted hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria).

=thee,= to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. _thee_ (Chaucer), OE. _þēon_. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Theen).

=thembatel,= for _the embatel_, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold thembatel of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found elsewhere.

=therm, tharm,= an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian) _þarm_, a bowel.

=thewes,= good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; ii. 1. 33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence _thewed_, having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. _þēaw_, usage, custom, habit.

=thewes,= the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. 3. 81; Hamlet, i. 3. 12.

=thick,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., March, 73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In Suffolk groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see EDD. (s.v. Thick, 14).

=thiller,= the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of ME. _thylle_ of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.).

=thill-horse,= the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’, Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Thill, sb.^{1} 2 4). See =fill.=

=thirdborough,= the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. i. 1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier _frithborh_; OE. _friðborh_, peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED.

=thirdendale:= phr. _thirdendale gallant_, the third part of a gallant, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See =halfendeale.=

=this,= thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; and often.

=tho,= then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. _tho_, then (Chaucer). see M. and S.; OE. _þā_.

=thole,= the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were suspended; ‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, True Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a cupola; at Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of 50, dined at the public cost.

=thorow-lights,= lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, Essay 45, § 3. From _thorow_ = through.

=thrall,= _v._, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. 44.

=threap,= to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan); _threpped_, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. In gen. prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, north country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. _threpe_, to assert to be (Chaucer). OE. _þrēapian_, to rebuke, argue.