Chapter M (10)

=threave,= a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves of busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of flies’); a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and England in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. (s.v. Thrave, sb. 3). Icel. _þrefi_, a number of sheaves.

=three-farthings.= King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile, with a rose at the back of her head.

=three-pile,= three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called _three-pile_ or _three-piled velvet_, presumably because it had a triple (or a very close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. _Three-piled piece_, referring to velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, _three-piled_ = exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. From _three_ and _pile_ (4).

=threne,= a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, _threning_ (spelt _threnning_); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, Sir T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral lament.

=thrill,= to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, _thrillant_, piercing. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. _thirte_, to pierce (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2709). OE. _þyrlian_. See =thrull.=

=thrill,= to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood, Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4.

=thring,= to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _thringe_, to press, to force one’s way (Chaucer). OE. _þringan_, to press.

=thrist,= thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. _Thristy_, thirsty, id., i. 5. 15. In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire (EDD.). ME. _thrist_, thirst; _thriste_, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, 3848).

=throat-brisk,= (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt _throte-briske_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. _throat-sweetbread_ (also _neck-sweetbread_), butcher’s name for the thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d).

=throng,= pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The fourth Motion). OE. _þrungen_, pp. of _þringan_, to press. See =thring.=

=throw,= a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME. _throw_, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. _þrāge_, ‘for a time’, _þrāh_, a space of time, a course, running. See M. and S. (s.v. Throwe).

=throwster,= a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. _þrāwan_, to twist.

=thrull,= to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See =thrill.=

=thrum,= a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; _thrumm’d_, furnished with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton, Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; _thrum-chinned_, with rough untidy chin, id., A Trick to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. _thrumm_ of a clothe, ‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. _trumm_, edge, brim (Aasen); Du. ‘_drom_, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. _trumm_.

=thrum,= to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old Suffolk word (EDD.).

=thrust,= thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE. _þurst_, thirst. See =thrist.=

=tial,= a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman) can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch word (EDD.). See =tyall.=

=Tib-of-the-buttery,= a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED.

=ticket, on the,= on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17.

=tickle,= not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily upset, easily set in motion; in phr. _tickle of the sear_ (_sere_), easily made to go off (the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used _fig._ in Hamlet for yielding easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. _tikel_, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3428).

=tickle-footed,= uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless).

=ticklish,= easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace).

=tick-tack,= a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men and pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. _tiktak_. tick-tack; ‘_tiktakbörd_, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. _tricktrack_, backgammon.

=tiddle,= to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents did tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence _tidlings_, pets, spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., meaning to tend carefully; to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.).

=tie-dog,= a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares.

=tiego,= a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3 (Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman; it seems to represent _’tigo_, short for Lat. _vertigo_.

=tiffany,= a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 (Treedle). Apparently the same word as _Tiffany_, a name for the festival of the Epiphany. OF. _Tiphanie_ (Godefroy), Eccles. L. _Theophania_, Eccles. Gk. Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See Ducange (s.v. Theophania).

=tight, tite.= Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health, sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See =tith.=

=tight,= _pt. t._, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34.

=tiller,= in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a balista)’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘_Arbrier_, the tillar of a crosse-bow’, Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless); _tiller-bow_, a cross-bow, see Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 297); _tillering_, the putting of a bow upon a tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. _telier_ (_tellier_), the wooden beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), Mod. L. _telarium_ (Ducange), L. _tela_, a web.

=tilly-vally,= an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; _Tilly-fally_, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 90. _Tille valle, Tille vallee!_, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice More, not liking her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the Tower) as nighe heaven as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. More, by W. Roper (More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv).

=tim,= a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).

=timonist,= misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 (Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens.

=tinct,= to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); _tinct_, pp. dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. _tinctus_, dyed.

=tincture,= a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, colour, ‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle or immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and clean’, Herbert, The Elixir.

=tind,= to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm. (ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); _tind_, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub, borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find _tinne_ (to kindle). ‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). Wyclif has _tend_: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. for an account of the earlier form-history of the word. See =teend.=

=tine,= to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine The cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of _tind_ (to kindle), in prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind).

=tine,= to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use in Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. Tine, vb.^{1}). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. _tine_, to lose (Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. _tȳna_, to lose, to destroy, put to death.

=tine,= affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, 3; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. 11. 21. OE. _tȳnan_, to give pain, to vex. See =teen.=

=tintamar, tintimar,= a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt _tintamar_, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; _tintimar_, Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. _tintamarre_, ‘A clashing or crashing, a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, or vessels of metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See =sanctus.=

=tinternall,= the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. _tinton_, the burden of a song; from _tinter_, to ring.

=tip for tap,= tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.^{2}).

=tipe over,= to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, _je renverse_’, Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _type_, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. (s.v. Tip, vb.^{2}).

=tiphon,= a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles).

=tippet:= in phr. _to turn one’s tippet_, to change one’s course or behaviour completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3 (Aurelia); also, _to change one’s tippet_, Merry Devil of Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He changed his typpette, and played the Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 1049. 2 (NED.).

=tipstaff,= a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by certain officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped staff, a sheriff’s officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in session; ‘Then their Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff to fetch a smith to force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 (Oxf. Hist. Soc).

=tire,= a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. 605; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. iii. 317. OF. _tire_, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘_tire à tire_, l’un après l’autre’ (Didot); O. Prov. _tiera_, _teira_, ‘suite, série’ (Levy).

=tire,= to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence _tire-men_, dressers belonging to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 (Fitsgrave). _Tire_, a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt _tier_, London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; _tire-valiant_, a fanciful head-dress, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 60.

=tire,= to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 2 (Leocadia). ‘_Tiring_ (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or Pinion of a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. _tyren_, to tear, rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. _tirer_, to draw, pull, tug; see NED. (s.v. Tire, vb.^{2} 2).

=tirik,= a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a ‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. 3).

=tirliry-pufkin,= a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1.

=tit,= a small creature, young thing; _a tit of tenpence_, a girl worth tenpence; a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 (Petruchio).

=tite:= phr. _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. _as tite_, as soon, as lief, in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.^{2}). ME. _tite_, quickly; _as tyte as_, as soon as (Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. _tītt_, at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. Tīðr).

=tith,= a variant of =tight= (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s tith’, id., Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. _tither_ occurs in The Mad Lover, iii. 3 (Chilax) in a nautical allusion. _Tithly_, vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 (Penurio).

=tithe,= to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius).

=titillation,= a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation, used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face).

=titivil= (=tytyvyllus=), a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘_Coquette_, a pratling or proud gossip . . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; _titifil_, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil said to collect fragments of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the recitation of the daily offices, and to carry them to hell to be registered against the offender; the name occurs in the mystery plays. Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. See NED. for a full and interesting account of this curious creation of monastic wit.

=titivilitium,= an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). L. _titivillitium_, a small trifle (used once by Plautus).

=to,= in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c.

=to-,= prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: _to-breke_ (pt. t. _to-brake_), to break in pieces; _to-breste_, to burst asunder; _to-bruse_, to bruise in pieces; _to-drawe_, to draw asunder; _to-frusshe_, to break in pieces; _to-hewe_, to hew in pieces; _to-rente_, to rend in pieces. Malory’s Morte Arthur has _to-cratche_, to tear to pieces; _to-ryue_, to rive asunder; _to-sheuer_, to reduce to shivers. See NED. (s.v. To-, pref.^{2}).

=toadstone,= a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas).

=toase,= to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. _tosyn_ or tose wul or odyre lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See =tooze.=

=toater;= see =toter.=

=to-boil,= to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5 (Ferdinand).

=to-break,= to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all to-break’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); _to-brake_, pt. t., ‘And all to brake his scull’, BIBLE, Judges ix. 53. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tobreken). OE. _tobrecan_, pt. t. _tobræc_.

=tod,= a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary, Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{2}).

=tod,= a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67; Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 (Juan). In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{5} 1).

=to-dash,= to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18.

=todder,= slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3).

†=toderer,= a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

†=tods;= ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, Dekker, O. Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’.

=tofore,= formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME. _toforn_, beforehand (Chaucer); _tofore_, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. v. 457).

=to-frusshed,= _pp._ broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All to-frusshed’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See =frush.=

=toft,= taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. _toght_, tightly drawn (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2267).

=token,= a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a farthing. _Tavern-token_, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a tavern-token’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell).

=tole,= to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2 (near the end); _tole on_, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 (Clorin). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _tollen_, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. 15).

=toledo,= a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the end; Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla).

=ton,= a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. _thon_, a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. _thunnus_; Gk. θύννος.

=tone:= _the tone_, for _thet one_, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Preface, 96; cp. _the tother_, for _thet other_, that other, the other (in the same line). Just below, l. 105, we find _tone part_, for _the tone part_, i.e. the one part. See Nares.

=tonnell;= see =tunnel.=

=tony,= a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we find _Tony_ used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time signifying a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii (Freeman); _tonies_, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15.

=toot;= see =tote.=

=toothful,= toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1 (Theoph.).

=too-too,= extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 15 (Common); _toto muche_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42.

=tooze,= to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; fol. 170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, _Je force de la laine_, and _je charpis de la laine_’, Palsgrave. See =toase.=

=top-ayle,= highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England for the beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. (s.v. Ail, sb.^{2}). OE. _egl_, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41).

=tope,= I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. Shirley, Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper).

=topsiturne,= to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214.

=tormentour,= a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders, an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; BIBLE, Matt. xviii. 34. ME. _tormentour_, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. G. 527).

=tortious,= injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict. (s.v. Tort).

=torved,= stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For _torvid_, Med. L. _torvidus_ (Ducange).

†=toss, tosses,= _pl._ (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria).

=tote,= to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt _toote_, Speke Parrot, 12; _toot_, Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of England down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2}). ME. _toten_ (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. _tōtian_, to look, gaze.

=tote,= to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’, Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the north country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2} 3).

=toter,= a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan); _toater_, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{1}).

=tother:= _the tother_, for _thet other_, the other. See =tone.=

=toto,= variant of =too-too,= q.v.

=totters,= tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song); _tottered_, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. 21; Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. _totra_, a rag, _totror_, pl. rags, also _taltra_(_r_) (Aasen).

=totty,= unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; Sheph. Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _toty_: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4253).

=touch,= a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, 48. _Touch_ = _Touchstone_, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also _fig._ with reference to the trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10.

=touch,= often used for any costly marble; properly the _basanites_ of the Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name _touch_ from being used as a test for gold. It was often written _tutch_ or _tuch_; ‘He built this house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, xliii. 14; ‘With alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. xvi. 45; ‘Thou art not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or marble’, B. Jonson, Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. _pierre de touche_, ‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=touch-box,= a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See =twitch-box.=

=tour,= a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). F. ‘_Un tour de tête_, _un tour_, sorte de petite perruque de femme’ (Hatzfeld).

=toure, towre,= to see, to look (Cant). To _towre_, to see, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; _toure out_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=toward,= in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; _towards_, Romeo, i. 5. 124; _towardness_, docility, Bacon, Essay 19.

=towker,= a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 4. ME. _towkere_, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), _towker_, P. Plowman, A. Prol. 100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker).

=town-top,= Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See =parish-top.=

=to-wry,= to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26 (ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. _wrye_, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. E. 887), OE. _wrēon_, to cover; _wrigen_, pp.

=toy,= a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys for your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling matter, something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, King John, i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 79; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré).

=to-year,= this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); _to-yere_, id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In gen. prov. use in England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. _to-yere_, this year (Chaucer, C. T. D. 168).

=trace,= the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, Metam. ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, _trays_’, Palsgrave. ME. _trayce_, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. _traits_, pl. of _trait_, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the horses’ (Cotgr.). _Traces_ is therefore a double plural. See Dict.

=trace,= to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, ch. 30; Milton, Comus, 427; _trast_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In use in Ireland in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, vb.^{1} 1).

=tract,= to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 101.

=tract:= phr. _tracte of tyme_, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 22, § 3; _to tract the time_, to prolong the time, Mirror for Mag., Gloucester, st. 25. Hence _tracting_, protraction, prolongation, ‘In the tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 53). F. ‘_par traict de temps_, in tract of time’ (Cotgr.).

=trade,= track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ‘A common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1).

=traditive,= traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196.

=traduction,= transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. _Verbal traduction_, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes (beginning). F. _traduction_, a translation, L. _traductio_, a transferring, transmission.

=traicte,= to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. _traicter_, to treat (Cotgr.).

=train,= to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; _train on_, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. _trainer_, ‘attirer, entrainer, séduire’ (Moisy).

=trains,= artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. _trayne_, or disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. _traine_, ‘trahison’ (Godefroy); cp. F. ‘_traine_, a plot, practice, device’ (Cotgr.).

=tralineate,= to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396. Suggested by Ital. _tralignare_, to degenerate (Dante).

=tralucent,= transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as _translucent_, Milton, Comus, 861. L. _tralucere_, _translucere_, to shine through.

=tramels,= nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. _tramail_, a net (Cotgr.); Ital. _tramaglio_, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. L. _tremaculum_, _tremaclum_ (Ducange).

=trampler,= a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood).

=trangame,= a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii (Widow).

=translate,= to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm).

=translater,= a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, A Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For many examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v. Translate, 1).

=transmew,= to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37. ME. _transmuwen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. _transmuër_, to change (Cotgr.). L. _transmutare_. See EDD.

=transmogrify,= to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Belfond Senior). A playful variant of _transmodify_, by association with the termination -(_mo_)_graphy_. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in all English-speaking countries (EDD.).

=transversaries,= the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233.

=trash,= (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach). See Nares. In Cumberland the word _trash_ means a cord used in checking dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.^{3} 1).

=trash,= to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.^{1} 1).

=trattle,= to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, _trattler_, a prattler, ‘A tratler is worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch word, see EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.).

=travant,= a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany. Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. _Trabant_, a satellite, halberdier: cp. Norw. _drabant_, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), Magyar _darabant_. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. Drabant).

=travers=(=e,= a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 45; spelt _traves_, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. _travers_: ‘We will that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon upon eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in Chaucer: ‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. E. 1817); also _travas_, ‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The word exists in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2).

=traverse,= to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 (Tarquin).

=tray-trace, trey-trace,= perhaps (like _tray-trip_) the name of a game at dice. Trey-trip and _trey-trace_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118.

=tray-trip,= an old game at dice, in which _tray_ (three) was a successful throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); spelt _tra-trip_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Roger); _tre-trip_, Mayne, City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, hazard, or mum-chance’, Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; see Nares. See =trey.=

=treachetour,= a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A contaminated form; due to ME. _trechour_ (a traitor) and ME. _tregetour_ (a juggler). The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, and C. T. F. 1143, see also _tregetowre_, ‘mimus, pantomimus, prestigiator, joculator’ (Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. _tregettour_, juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. _tresgeter_, Med. L. _transjectare_, to throw across, to juggle.

=treachour,= a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; _treacher_, King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. 1 (Otto); Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. _trechour_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 197). OF. _trecheör_ (Bartsch), Romanic type _trecatórem_, cp. Med. L. _tricator_, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange).

=treague,= a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. _tregua_, Mod. L. _tregua_, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. _triuwa_, truth, a solemn promise (Schade).

=treason,= a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks. Plut. p. 31). OF. _traïson_, Med. L. _traditio_, ‘cessio, concessio’ (Ducange).

=treen,= pl. of _tree_. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. ME. _treon_, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978).

=treen,= wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’, Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: _treen-plates_, wooden trenchers, in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _treen_, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495).

=trench,= to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘_trencher_, to cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.).

=trenchand,= cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For _trenchant_; from F. _trencher_, to cut.

=trenchmore,= a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See Nares.

=trendle,= a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. _trendyl_, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. 490). OE. _trendel_, a wheel (Sweet), see =trindill.=

=trendle,= to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). See =trindill.=

=trepidation,= a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, P. L. iii. 483.

=trest;= see =trist.=

=tretably,= properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Pedant). OF. _traitable_, tractable.

=trey, tray,= three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. _treis_, L. _tres_, three.

=treygobet,= the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’. The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34.

=trick=(=e,= neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham, Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, skilfully, Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus).

=tricker,= a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, i. 1. Du. _trekker_, a trigger, a puller; _trekken_, to draw, pull. See Dict.

=trickment,= heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Calis).

=tricotee,= a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. _tricotee_, an involuntary dance by one compelled by blows (Godefroy); cp. _tricote_, a cudgel; _Tricot_, ‘bâton gros et court. Il n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: _Il lui donna du tricot_’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado (s.v. Stric). See Nares.

=trig,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).

=trigon.= The zodiacal signs were combined in _triplicities_, or four sets of three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) the _fiery_ trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the _earthy_ trigon, Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; (3) the _airy_ trigon, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; (4) the _watery_ trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to the four elements, fire, earth, air, water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, a triangle.

=trill,= to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; to trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, Comparison of Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde aboute, _Je pirouette_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle a hoop, also, to twirl (EDD.). ME. _tryllyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. 502).

=trillibub,= a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a cheap food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See Nares. Cp. the prov. words for entrails, tripe, _trollibobs_, _trullibubs_, _trollibags_, gen. used in phr. _tripe and trollibobs_ (EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See =trullibub.=

=trim,= neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. 37; ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed in all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. _in her trim_, in speaking of ships, the state of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim freshly beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90.

=trim-tram,= a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your squire—trim-tram, like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, xiii.] A reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or contempt (EDDA.).

=trindill;= ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, candlesticks, trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. 1547, in Fuller’s Church History.

=trindle-tail.= Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a tail curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. 18; spelt _trundle-tail_, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. 73; _trendle-tail_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See =trendle.=

=trine,= a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage), Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26.

=trine,= an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in a trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See =triplicity.=

=trine,= to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 31; _trine me_, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor).

=trinket= (=trinquet=)=,= the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages, iii. 411; ‘_Trinquet_ is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, the highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. _trinquet_ (Cotgr.), Span. and Port. _trinquete_, deriv. of _trinca_, a rope for lashing fast; of Germ. origin, cp. G. _strick_; see Reinhardstöttner, Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and Schade (s.v. Strickan).

=trinket,= a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3.

=trinket= (=trenket=)=,= a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument for a cordwayner, _batton a torner_ (_soulies_)’, Palsgrave [also spelt _trynket_]. ME. _trenket_ (Voc. 562. 3); _trenkett_, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. Angl.); _trenkette_ (Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. _tranchet_: ‘A shoomakers round cutting knife: _tranchet de cordouanier_’ (Sherwood).

=triplicity,= a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their _triplicities_, By sympathizing in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, 458. See =trigon.=

=trist, trest,= the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game. _At the trest_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; _at the tryst_, Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. _triste_, an appointed station in hunting (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), _tryster_ (Gawain), _tristre_ (Anc. R.). OF. _triste_, _tristre_ (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. Tryst).

=trisulke,= three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn); vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. _trisulcus_, three-forked (Virgil).

=troad, trode,= track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 5; Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, meaning a beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to Lincoln (EDD.).

=troll, troul, trowl,= to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. 620; to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, ‘Troul the bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (Merrythought); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune in succession, ‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 3 (Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of to roll, to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.^{1}). ME. _trollyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.).

=troll-my-dames,= the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have known to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus). Also called _pigeon-holes_; also _nine-holes_ (described by Strutt). The game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see Nares. The word _troll-my-dames_ is a corruption of the French name for the game _Trou-Madame_; see Cotgrave.

=tromp,= to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. _tromper_. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.^{3}).

=trossers,= tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria); Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See =strossers.=

=trot,= an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M. iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. _trote_: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, 17900).

=trouchman;= see =truchman.=

=troul, trowl;= see =troll.=

=trow,= to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, BIBLE, Luke xvii. 9; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. _I trow_, added to questions expressive of contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry Wives, i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also _trow_ alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _trowen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 691), OE. _trūwian_, to believe confidently, to trust in a person or thing (Sweet).

=trowses,= close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Pennyboy Junior); hence, _trowzed_, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. _trousses_, the breeches of a page (Littré); cp. O. Irish _truibhas_, close-fitting breeches and stockings (O’Curry, Introd., p. 384); Irish _triubhas_ (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).

=Troy-novant,= or =New Troy,= London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; Peele, Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4; ‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 before the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the _Trinobantes_, one of its ancient names being _Augusta Trinobantum_, whence the Anglo-F. _Troynovant_; but by popular etymology _Troynovant_ was connected with the _Troia nova_ (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth and Nennius.

=truage,= tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. _truage_ (Rob. Glouc.). OF. _truage_, _treuaige_, _treutage_, ‘vectigal, tributum’, deriv. of _true_, _treü_, _trehu_, ‘tributum’, see Ducange (s.v. Truagium). OF. _treü_ is the same word as L. _tributum_; cp. O. Prov. _traüt_, _trabut_, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Trewage).

=truchman,= an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. _interpete_); Holland. Pliny, Nat. Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid (ed. Arber, 82); _trucheman_, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. Arber, 278); _trouchman_, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 463. See Nares. F. _trucheman_ (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _trocheman_, Span. _trujaman_ (Stevens), Arab. _tarjumân_ (Dozy, 351). See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman).

=truckle-bed,= a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall, Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘_troccle-bed_’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford (ann. 1556). An Oxford University word. L. _trochlea_, wheel of a pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, a pulley. See Dict.

=true,= honest. BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv. 3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98; ‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=true-penny,= honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie).

=trug,= a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares.

=trullibub,= a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See =trillibub.=

=trump,= a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress, iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch).

=truncheon,= the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, xi. 16. ME. _tronchoun_, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2615); Anglo-F. _trunçun_: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352).

=trundle-bed,= a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out at night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of =truckle-bed.= Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.).

=trundle-tail;= see =trindle-tail.=

=trundling-cheat,= in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Pierce). See =cheat= (2).

=trunk,= a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 (Cler.); a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, ‘Wooden pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 (Purge); Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, _syringa_, tubulus flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. See Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2).

=trunks,= trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo).

=truss,= to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict.

=trusses, a pair of,= close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for an Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See =trowses.=

†=trutch sword= (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares.

=trye,= select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. _trié_, pp. of _trier_, to try, to refine.

=tuch;= See =touch= (2).

=tucket,= a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for a march (Nares). Also, _tucket-sonance_, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. ‘_toccata_ d’un musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, as it were voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio).

=tuff-taffeta,= a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon).

=tumbler,= a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, 3).

=tumbrel,= a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion, 26; Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbril, 1). ME. _tomerel_, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, _tumerel_, 494); F. ‘_tombereau_, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.).

=tumbrel,= a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio).

=tundish,= a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M. iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel, like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Tun, sb.^{1} 3 (2)).

=tunnel,= the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Crispiano), where _chimney_ means fire-place; _tonnell_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, _tuyau_’, Palsgrave; see Dict. (s.v. Tunnel); _tonnels_ used _fig._ for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Cob).

=tup,= to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. _Tup with_, to cohabit with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in gen. prov. use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.).

=turf.= ‘Turfe of a cap, _rebras_’, Palsgrave (_rebras_ means a turning up, a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging for a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) . . . to turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 Woodman). ME. _tyrfe_, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 483, see note, no. 2350); _tirven_, to roll back (Havelok, 603).

=turgion,= the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 12. F. ‘_tourdion_, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _tordion_, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF. _tordre_, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary.

=Turk.= ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); _a Turk of tenpence_ (a term of abuse), Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).

=turken,= to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, Gascoigne. Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); _turquened_, pp., id., Pref. to Poesies; ed. Hazlitt, i. 5.

=turkis,= the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict.

=turm,= a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. _turma_.

=turment,= a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. _torment_, _tourment_ (Godefroy). Med. L. _tormentum_, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange).

=turnbroch,= a turnspit. _Turnebroche_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F. _tourne-broche_, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit.

=Turnbull Street,= a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares.

=turnpike,= a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode).

=turquen;= see =turken.=

=turquet,= (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37.

=turquois,= a quiver; ‘A _turquoys_ that was full of arowes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. _turquois_, _turquais_, Med. L. _turcasia_, ‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. _tarchais_ (Wace), F. _tarquai_s (15th cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, _tarkâsh_, of Persian origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is _carquois_.

=tusk,= to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa).

=tutch;= See =touch= (2).

=tutsan, tutsain,= all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; _Hypericum Androsaemum_; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered a panacea for wounds. F. _tutsan_, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); _Toute-saine_, ‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses racines, sa semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1786).

=tutt,= a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94. ‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in the game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.^{7} 2).

=tutty,= a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen, p. 62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706. In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word ‘Tytetuste’.

=twagger,= a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for a lamb (EDD.).

=twankle,= to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes them tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. _twangling_, Tam. Shrew, ii. 159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.).

=tweak,= a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).

=tweche:= phr. _to keep tweche_, to keep touch, perform a promise. Wever, Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. (s.v. Twitch, vb.^{3}).

=tweer;= see =twire.=

=twelve:= phr. _upon twelve_, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour; ‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175.

=twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,= gentlemen who were allowed to sit upon a stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12_d._ Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.).

=twibill,= a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt _twibbil_; Stanyhurst. tr. of Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. _bipenni_, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a double-headed axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. _twibill_, a two-edged axe (Sweet). See =twybill.=

=twig,= to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging forth apace . . . the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A Yorks. expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.^{1} 6).

=twigger,= a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21;
orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28.

=twiggen,= made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; Othello, ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.).

=twight,= to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. _atwite_, to reproach (Laȝamon). OE. _ætwītan_.

=twight,= to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of _twitch_, touched, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. _tetigit_). ME. _twykkyn_, ‘tractulo’ (Prompt.). OE. _twiccian_, to pluck, catch hold of.

=twin,= to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed. 1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.^{2} 2).

=twin,= _to be twinned_, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty . . . which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. 85; B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan).

=twink,= a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. _with a twink_, in a moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use in various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible space of time (EDD.). ME. _twynkyn_ wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.).

=twire,= to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a thing; ‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the common parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their fingers’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; spelt _tweer_, ‘The tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594). A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire and twire at she!’ (EDD.). Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) _zwi_(_e_)_ren_, to take a stolen glance at a thing (Schmeller).