Chapter XXIII: Letter XV

_European Society at Tangier.--Sects and Divisions among Christians
in Muhamedan Countries counteracts the Propagation of Christianity,
and casts a Contempt upon Christians themselves.--The Cause of
it.--The Conversion of Africa should be preceded by an Imitation of
the divine Doctrine of Christ among Christians themselves, as an
Example eligible to follow_.

TO JAMES WILLIS, ESQ.

It is not only the duty, but it is the manifest policy of
Christians who reside in Muhamedan countries, to preserve that
peace and harmony that is so often inculcated by our divine Master:
there should be no followers of Paul or of Apollos, of the Pope or
of Luther, but Christians altogether should forget sects, and
become followers of Christ, by practising his divine and luminous
doctrine. This principle, strictly adhered to, would have greater
effect in propagating the Christian doctrine, than the united
efforts, however arduous, of all the missionaries in Africa. We
should first begin by reforming the manners of those Christians who
are established in Muhamedan countries, holding responsible
situations, so as to show the Muhamedans, by their harmony and good
will, the advantages of the benign influence of the great Christian
principle, "Love thy neighbour as thyself." Until the disgraceful
130 animosity lamentably prevalent between the Catholic and Protestant,
the Lutheran, Calvinist, and other sects of Christians be
annihilated, it cannot be expected by any reasonable and reflecting
mind, that essential progress can be made in the propagation of
Christianity in Africa, at least in the Muhamedan part of it. We
must purify our own actions, and set a laudable example of chaste
and virtuous conduct, as a prelude to the conversion of the people
of this continent. The Africans, viz. the Arabs, Berebbers,
Shelluhs, Moors, and Negroes are, _generally_ speaking, shrewd,
acute, discerning races of men; and it cannot be supposed by any
but insane enthusiasts, that the doctrines of Christ can be
propagated in those countries, until an example be set for their
imitation better than their own practice, and more conformable to
the true Christian doctrine than any that has hitherto been offered
for their imitation.

Tangier is the residence of the consuls-general of all the nations
of Europe, who send occasionally ambassadors to the Court of
Marocco; and these gentlemen generally act as envoys or ministers,
as well as consuls. The English, French, Dutch, American, Spanish,
Portuguese, Swedish, and Danish consuls reside here, some with
their families, some without. I had not been long here before I
perceived that the Moors of Tangier manifested an extraordinary
contempt for Christians, the general respect which is shown to them
at Mogodor, is unknown here. The reason is evident: the families of
131 these gentlemen were at variance with each other, and the
respective ladies did not visit one another. This circumstance was
too well known to the Moors, and materially contributed to create
among those people that contempt for the Christians, which,
perhaps, is due to all, whatever be their _professed_ doctrines,
who have not charity enough, in the correct acceptation of the
word, to maintain harmony in their own community. I was shocked to
see so many amiable families at variance. I will not declare if it
was pride, ambition, or contention for pre-eminence that produced
this want of harmony; but it is most certain, that Christians,
whose destiny it is to reside among Muhamedans, should have more
than ordinary care to preserve that philanthropic disposition to
each other, which carries with it a high recommendation,
particularly in a country like _West Barbary_, where the gate of
every tent is open to the largest, most disinterested, and
unqualified hospitality, and where the sheik of every douar
considers it his first and indispensable duty to provide food and
rest to the needy traveller, and to the stranger at his gate.
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