Chapter VI: The Iron and Steel Industry-- 230

Pig Iron the Basis of all Iron and Steel Manufacturing--
Pig Iron Production of the World in 1800 Compared
with 1907--Fall in Prices of Iron and Steel a Result
of the Application of Modern Methods of Manufacture--
History of Iron Manufacture; Development in England
and Germany--History of Iron-Making in the United
States--Transformation from the Charcoal Method to
that of Coal and Coke--The Earlier Methods of
Manufacturing Steel Contrasted with those of Today--
Rival Claims of the English and the American
Inventors, Bessemer and Kelly, to the Modern System
of Steel Manufacturing--Description of the Process of
Manufacturing Steel under American Methods--The Use
of Powerful Machinery and Lessening Proportion of
Work Performed by Man Power--The Railway and
Steamship in Relation to the Steel Industry--Great
Combinations of Iron and Steel Manufacturers--Description
of the Process of Transforming Iron into Steel by the
Bessemer Process.