Chapter IX: Statistics of Manufacturing. 289 (2)

================================+======+==========+==============+
| | | |
|Census|Number of | +
Industry. | yr. |establish-| Capital. |
| | ments. | |
| | | |
--------------------------------+------+----------+--------------+
| | | Dollars. |
Agricultural implements | 1880 | 1,943 | 62,109,668|
| 1890 | 910 | 145,313,997|
| 1900 | 715 | 157,707,951|
| 1905 | 648 | 196,740,700|
| | | |
Boots and shoes | 1880 | 1,959 | 42,994,028|
| 1890 | 2,082 | 95,282,311|
| 1900 | 1,599 | 99,819,233|
| 1905 | 1,316 | 122,526,093|
| | | |
Bread and other bakery | 1880 | 6,396 | 19,155,286|
products | 1890 | 10,484 | 45,758,489|
| 1900 | 14,836 | 80,901,926|
| 1905 | 18,227 | 122,363,327|
| | | |
Carriages and wagons | 1880 | 3,841 | 37,973,493|
| 1890 | 4,572 | 93,455,257|
| 1900 | 6,204 | 109,875,885|
| 1905 | 4,956 | 126,320,604|
| | | |
Cars, shop construction and | 1890 | 716 | 76,192,477|
repairs by steam railroad | 1900 | 1,293 | 119,580,273|
companies | 1905 | 1,141 | 146,943,729|
| | | |
Cars, shop construction and | 1890 | 78 | 2,351,162|
repairs by street railway | 1900 | 108 | 10,781,939|
companies | 1905 | 86 | 12,905,853|
| | | |
Cars, steam and street railroad,| 1880 | 130 | 9,272,680|
not including operations | 1890 | 88 | 46,109,625|
of railway companies | 1900 | 85 | 95,939,249|
| 1905 | 87 | 101,154,750|
| | | |
Cheese, butter and condensed | 1880 | 3,932 | 9,604,803|
milk | 1890 | 4,552 | 16,016,573|
| 1900 | 9,242 | 36,303,164|
| 1905 | 8,926 | 47,255,556|
| | | |
Chemicals | 1880 | 595 | 28,983,458|
| 1890 | 563 | 55,032,452|
| 1900 | 433 | 89,069,450|
| 1905 | 448 | 119,890,193|
| | | |
Clothing, men’s | 1880 | 6,166 | 79,861,696|
| 1890 | 4,867 | 128,253,547|
| 1900 | 5,729 | 120,547,851|
| 1905 | 4,504 | 153,177,500|
| | | |
Clothing, women’s | 1880 | 562 | 8,207,273|
| 1890 | 1,224 | 21,259,528|
| 1900 | 2,701 | 48,431,544|
| 1905 | 3,351 | 73,947,823|
| | | |
Confectionery | 1880 | 1,450 | 8,486,874|
| 1890 | 2,921 | 23,326,799|
| 1900 | 962 | 26,319,195|
| 1905 | 1,348 | 43,125,408|
| | | |
Cooperage | 1880 | 3,898 | 12,178,726|
| 1890 | 2,652 | 17,806,554|
| 1900 | 1,694 | 21,777,636|
| 1905 | 1,517 | 29,532,614|
| | | |
Cordage and twine | 1880 | 165 | 7,140,475|
| 1890 | 150 | 23,351,883|
| 1900 | 105 | 29,275,470|
| 1905 | 102 | 37,110,521|
| | | |
Cotton goods | 1880 | 1,005 | 219,504,794|
| 1890 | 905 | 354,020,843|
| 1900 | 1,055 | 467,240,157|
| 1905 | 1,154 | 613,110,655|
| | | |
Electrical machinery, | 1880 | 76 | 1,509,758|
apparatus and supplies | 1890 | 189 | 18,997,337|
| 1900 | 581 | 83,659,924|
| 1905 | 784 | 174,066,026|
| | | |
Flour and gristmill products | 1880 | 24,338 | 177,361,878|
| 1890 | 18,470 | 208,473,500|
| 1900 | 9,476 | 189,281,330|
| 1905 | 10,051 | 265,117,434|
| | | |
Foundry and machine shop | 1880 | 4,984 | 155,021,734|
products | 1890 | 6,500 | 383,257,473|
| 1900 | 9,316 | 663,414,323|
| 1905 | 9,428 | 936,416,978|
| | | |
Furnishing goods, men’s | 1880 | 161 | 3,724,664|
| 1890 | 586 | 12,299,011|
| 1900 | 457 | 20,575,961|
| 1905 | 547 | 28,043,584|
Furniture | 1880 | 5,227 | 44,946,128|
| 1890 | 1,919 | 80,780,939|
| 1900 | 1,814 | 104,484,394|
| 1905 | 2,482 | 152,712,732|
| | | |
Glass | 1880 | 169 | 18,804,599|
| 1890 | 294 | 40,966,850|
| 1900 | 355 | 61,423,903|
| 1905 | 399 | 89,389,151|
| | | |
Hardware | 1880 | 492 | 15,363,551|
| 1890 | 350 | 26,271,840|
| 1900 | 381 | 39,311,745|
| 1905 | 445 | 52,884,078|
| | | |
Jewelry | 1880 | 739 | 11,431,164|
| 1890 | 783 | 22,246,508|
| 1900 | 851 | 27,871,924|
| 1905 | 1,023 | 39,678,956|
| | | |
Leather, tanned, curried, and | 1880 | 5,628 | 73,383,911|
finished | 1890 | 1,787 | 98,088,698|
| 1900 | 1,306 | 173,977,421|
| 1905 | 1,049 | 242,584,254|
| | | |
Liquors, malt | 1880 | 2,191 | 91,208,224|
| 1890 | 1,248 | 232,471,290|
| 1900 | 1,507 | 413,767,233|
| 1905 | 1,531 | 515,636,792|
| | | |
Lumber and timber products | 1880 | 25,758 | 181,465,392|
| 1890 | 22,617 | 557,881,054|
| 1900 | 23,053 | 400,857,337|
| 1905 | 19,127 | 517,224,128|
| | | |
Lumber, planing-mill products, | 1880 | 2,491 | 38,070,593|
including sash, doors, | 1890 | 3,670 | 120,271,440|
and blinds | 1900 | 4,198 | 118,948,556|
| 1905 | 5,009 | 177,145,734|
| | | |
Marble and stone work | 1880 | 2,846 | 16,498,221|
| 1890 | 1,321 | 24,041,961|
| 1900 | 1,655 | 39,559,146|
| 1905 | 1,642 | 66,526,724|
| | | |
Paper and wood pulp | 1880 | 742 | 48,139,652|
| 1890 | 649 | 89,829,548|
| 1900 | 763 | 167,507,713|
| 1905 | 761 | 277,444,471|
| | | |
Petroleum, refining | 1890 | 94 | 77,416,296|
| 1900 | 67 | 95,327,892|
| 1905 | 98 | 136,280,541|
| | | |
Silk and silk goods | 1880 | 382 | 19,125,300|
| 1890 | 472 | 51,007,537|
| 1900 | 483 | 81,082,201|
| 1905 | 624 | 109,556,621|
| | | |
Slaughtering and meat packing, | 1880 | 872 | 49,419,213|
wholesale | 1890 | 611 | 98,190,766|
| 1900 | 557 | 173,866,377|
| 1905 | 559 | 219,818,627|
| | | |
Slaughtering, wholesale, not | 1890 | 507 | 18,696,738|
including meat packing | 1900 | 325 | 14,933,804|
| 1905 | 370 | 17,896,063|
| | | |
Smelting and refining, copper | 1900 | 47 | 53,063,395|
| 1905 | 40 | 76,824,640|
| | | |
Smelting and refining, lead | 1900 | 39 | 72,148,933|
| 1905 | 32 | 63,822,810|
| | | |
Structural ironwork | 1880 | 220 | 1,400,197|
| 1890 | 724 | 21,968,172|
| 1900 | 697 | 43,442,877|
| 1905 | 775 | 76,598,507|
| | | |
Sugar and molasses, refining | 1880 | 49 | 27,432,500|
| 1890 | 393 | 24,013,008|
| 1900 | 657 | 184,033,304|
| 1905 | 344 | 165,468,320|
| | | |
Tinware, copper-smithing, | 1880 | 7,693 | 23,167,392|
and sheet iron working | 1890 | 7,002 | 38,434,900|
| 1900 | 1,846 | 35,724,739|
| 1905 | 2,366 | 124,500,133|
| | | |
Tobacco, chewing and smoking, | 1880 | 477 | 17,207,401|
and snuff | 1890 | 395 | 30,841,316|
| 1900 | 437 | 43,856,570|
| 1905 | 433 | 178,847,556|
| | | |
Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes | 1880 | 7,145 | 21,698,549|
| 1890 | 10,956 | 59,517,827|
| 1900 | 14,522 | 67,660,748|
| 1905 | 16,395 | 145,135,945|
| | | |
Woolen goods | 1880 | 1,990 | 96,095,564|
| 1890 | 1,811 | 130,989,940|
| 1900 | 1,035 | 124,386,262|
| 1905 | 792 | 140,302,488|
| | | |
Worsted goods | 1880 | 76 | 20,374,043|
| 1890 | 143 | 68,085,116|
| 1900 | 186 | 132,168,110|
| 1905 | 226 | 162,464,929|
--------------------------------+------+----------+--------------+
================================+======+=====================+==============
| | Wage-earners. | Value of
|Census|--------+------------+ products,
Industry. | yr. | Average| Total | including
| | number.| wages. | custom work
| | | |and repairing.
--------------------------------+------+--------+------------+--------------
| | | Dollars. | Dollars.
Agricultural implements | 1880 | 39,580| 15,359,610| 68,640,486
| 1890 | 38,827| 18,107,094| 81,271,651
| 1900 | 46,582| 22,450,880| 101,207,428
| 1905 | 47,394| 25,002,650| 112,007,344
| | | |
Boots and shoes | 1880 | 111,152| 43,001,438| 166,050,354
| 1890 | 133,690| 60,667,145| 220,649,358
| 1900 | 141,830| 58,440,883| 258,969,580
| 1905 | 149,924| 69,059,680| 320,107,458
| | | |
Bread and other bakery | 1880 | 22,488| 9,411,328| 65,824,806
products | 1890 | 38,841| 19,120,529| 128,421,535
| 1900 | 60,192| 27,864,024| 175,368,682
| 1905 | 81,284| 43,179,822| 269,609,061
| | | |
Carriages and wagons | 1880 | 45,394| 18,988,615| 64,951,617
| 1890 | 56,525| 28,972,401| 102,680,341
| 1900 | 58,425| 27,578,046| 113,234,590
| 1905 | 60,722| 30,878,229| 125,332,976
| | | |
Cars, shop construction and | 1890 | 106,632| 60,213,433| 129,461,698
repairs by steam railroad | 1900 | 173,652| 96,062,329| 218,238,277
companies | 1905 | 236,900| 142,188,336| 309,863,499
| | | |
Cars, shop construction and | 1890 | 2,009| 1,411,205| 2,966,347
repairs by street railway | 1900 | 7,025| 4,404,593| 9,370,811
companies | 1905 | 11,052| 7,012,798| 13,437,121
| | | |
Cars, steam and street railroad,| 1880 | 14,232| 6,507,753| 27,997,591
not including operations | 1890 | 33,139| 17,168,099| 73,385,852
of railway companies | 1900 | 37,038| 18,938,170| 97,815,648
| 1905 | 38,788| 23,087,400| 122,019,506
| | | |
Cheese, butter and condensed | 1880 | 7,903| 1,548,495| 25,742,510
milk | 1890 | 12,219| 4,248,854| 60,635,705
| 1900 | 12,799| 6,145,561| 130,783,349
| 1905 | 15,557| 8,412,937| 168,182,789
| | | |
Chemicals | 1880 | 9,724| 4,222,663| 38,640,458
| 1890 | 15,038| 7,308,411| 59,352,548
| 1900 | 19,020| 9,393,236| 62,637,008
| 1905 | 24,525| 13,361,972| 92,088,378
| | | |
Clothing, men’s | 1880 | 160,813| 45,940,353| 209,548,460
| 1890 | 144,926| 51,075,837| 251,019,609
| 1900 | 120,927| 45,496,728| 276,717,357
| 1905 | 137,190| 57,225,506| 355,796,571
| | | |
Clothing, women’s | 1880 | 25,192| 6,661,005| 32,004,794
| 1890 | 39,149| 15,428,272| 68,164,019
| 1900 | 83,739| 32,586,101| 159,339,539
| 1905 | 115,705| 51,180,193| 247,661,560
| | | |
Confectionery | 1880 | 9,801| 3,242,852| 25,637,033
| 1890 | 21,724| 7,783,007| 55,997,101
| 1900 | 26,866| 8,020,453| 60,643,946
| 1905 | 36,239| 11,699,257| 87,087,253
| | | |
Cooperage | 1880 | 25,973| 8,992,603| 33,714,770
| 1890 | 22,555| 10,056,249| 38,617,956
| 1900 | 22,117| 8,786,428| 38,439,746
| 1905 | 21,149| 9,485,455| 49,424,394
| | | |
Cordage and twine | 1880 | 5,435| 1,558,676| 12,492,171
| 1890 | 12,385| 3,976,232| 38,812,559
| 1900 | 13,114| 4,113,112| 37,849,651
| 1905 | 14,614| 5,338,178| 48,017,139
| | | |
Cotton goods | 1880 | 185,472| 45,614,419| 210,950,383
| 1890 | 218,876| 66,024,538| 267,981,724
| 1900 | 302,861| 86,689,752| 339,200,820
| 1905 | 315,874| 96,205,796| 450,467,704
| | | |
Electrical machinery, | 1880 | 1,271| 683,164| 2,655,036
apparatus and supplies | 1890 | 8,802| 4,517,050| 19,114,714
| 1900 | 42,013| 20,579,194| 92,434,435
| 1905 | 60,466| 31,841,521| 140,809,369
| | | |
Flour and gristmill products | 1880 | 58,407| 17,422,316| 505,185,712
| 1890 | 47,403| 18,138,402| 513,971,474
| 1900 | 32,226| 16,285,163| 501,896,304
| 1905 | 39,110| 19,822,196| 713,033,395
| | | |
Foundry and machine shop | 1880 | 145,650| 66,093,920| 215,442,011
products | 1890 | 231,331| 129,282,263| 413,197,118
| 1900 | 350,103| 182,096,007| 644,456,216
| 1905 | 402,914| 229,869,297| 799,862,588
| | | |
Furnishing goods, men’s | 1880 | 11,174| 2,644,155| 11,506,357
| 1890 | 20,773| 6,078,036| 29,870,946
| 1900 | 30,322| 9,730,066| 44,346,482
| 1905 | 27,185| 8,760,108| 49,031,582
| | | |
Furniture | 1880 | 59,304| 23,695,080| 77,845,725
| 1890 | 72,869| 35,068,979| 111,743,080
| 1900 | 87,262| 35,632,523| 125,315,986
| 1905 | 110,133| 49,883,235| 170,446,825
| | | |
Glass | 1880 | 24,177| 9,144,100| 21,154,571
| 1890 | 44,892| 20,885,961| 41,051,004
| 1900 | 52,818| 27,084,710| 56,539,712
| 1905 | 63,969| 37,288,148| 79,607,998
| | | |
Hardware | 1880 | 16,801| 6,846,913| 22,653,693
| 1890 | 18,495| 8,656,067| 26,726,463
| 1900 | 26,463| 11,422,758| 35,846,656
| 1905 | 31,713| 14,580,589| 45,770,171
| | | |
Jewelry | 1880 | 12,697| 6,441,688| 22,201,621
| 1890 | 13,880| 8,038,327| 34,761,458
| 1900 | 20,468| 10,643,887| 46,128,659
| 1905 | 22,080| 12,592,846| 53,225,681
| | | |
Leather, tanned, curried, and | 1880 | 40,282| 16,503,828| 200,264,944
finished | 1890 | 42,392| 21,249,989| 172,136,092
| 1900 | 52,109| 22,591,091| 204,038,127
| 1905 | 57,239| 27,049,152| 252,620,986
| | | |
Liquors, malt | 1880 | 26,220| 12,198,053| 101,058,385
| 1890 | 30,257| 20,713,383| 182,731,622
| 1900 | 39,459| 25,776,468| 236,914,914
| 1905 | 48,139| 34,542,897| 298,358,732
| | | |
Lumber and timber products | 1880 | 148,290| 31,893,098| 233,608,886
| 1890 | 311,964| 87,934,284| 437,957,382
| 1900 | 413,335| 148,007,845| 555,197,271
| 1905 | 404,626| 183,021,519| 580,022,690
| | | |
Lumber, planing-mill products, | 1880 | 37,187| 14,431,654| 73,424,681
including sash, doors, | 1890 | 79,923| 42,221,856| 183,681,552
and blinds | 1900 | 73,510| 32,621,704| 167,786,122
| 1905 | 97,674| 50,713,607| 247,441,956
| | | |
Marble and stone work | 1880 | 21,471| 10,238,885| 31,415,150
| 1890 | 21,950| 15,314,598| 41,924,264
| 1900 | 30,641| 16,328,174| 42,230,457
| 1905 | 40,905| 25,032,725| 63,059,842
| | | |
Paper and wood pulp | 1880 | 25,631| 8,970,133| 57,366,860
| 1890 | 31,050| 13,204,828| 78,937,184
| 1900 | 49,646| 20,746,426| 127,326,162
| 1905 | 65,964| 32,019,212| 188,715,189
| | | |
Petroleum, refining | 1890 | 11,403| 5,872,467| 85,001,198
| 1900 | 12,199| 6,717,087| 123,929,384
| 1905 | 16,770| 9,989,367| 175,005,320
| | | |
Silk and silk goods | 1880 | 31,337| 9,146,705| 41,033,045
| 1890 | 49,382| 17,762,441| 87,298,454
| 1900 | 65,416| 20,982,194| 107,256,258
| 1905 | 79,601| 26,767,943| 133,288,072
| | | |
Slaughtering and meat packing, | 1880 | 27,297| 10,508,530| 303,562,413
wholesale | 1890 | 37,502| 20,304,029| 433,252,315
| 1900 | 64,681| 31,033,850| 697,056,065
| 1905 | 69,593| 37,090,399| 801,757,137
| | | |
Slaughtering, wholesale, not | 1890 | 6,473| 4,000,947| 128,359,353
including meat packing | 1900 | 3,705| 2,358,403| 86,723,126
| 1905 | 4,541| 3,236,573| 112,157,487
| | | |
Smelting and refining, copper | 1900 | 11,324| 8,529,021| 165,131,670
| 1905 | 12,752| 10,827,043| 240,780,216
| | | |
Smelting and refining, lead | 1900 | 8,319| 5,088,684| 175,466,304
| 1905 | 7,573| 5,374,691| 185,826,839
| | | |
Structural ironwork | 1880 | 1,934| 844,614| 3,410,086
| 1890 | 17,158| 10,235,701| 37,745,294
| 1900 | 24,903| 13,588,779| 66,927,305
| 1905 | 34,276| 19,760,210| 90,944,697
| | | |
Sugar and molasses, refining | 1880 | 5,857| 2,875,032| 155,484,915
| 1890 | 7,043| 2,385,654| 123,118,259
| 1900 | 14,129| 6,917,829| 239,711,011
| 1905 | 13,549| 7,575,650| 277,285,449
| | | |
Tinware, copper-smithing, | 1880 | 27,116| 11,243,276| 50,183,811
and sheet iron working | 1890 | 31,377| 15,610,265| 66,653,746
| 1900 | 28,315| 13,193,307| 63,812,787
| 1905 | 39,475| 20,608,179| 97,974,838
| | | |
Tobacco, chewing and smoking, | 1880 | 32,756| 6,419,024| 52,793,056
and snuff | 1890 | 29,790| 6,947,158| 65,843,587
| 1900 | 29,161| 7,109,821| 103,754,362
| 1905 | 23,990| 6,775,325| 116,767,630
| | | |
Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes | 1880 | 63,297| 18,464,562| 63,979,575
| 1890 | 87,000| 36,475,060| 129,693,275
| 1900 | 103,365| 40,865,510| 159,958,811
| 1905 | 135,418| 55,864,978| 214,350,051
| | | |
Woolen goods | 1880 | 86,504| 25,836,392| 160,606,721
| 1890 | 76,915| 26,139,194| 133,577,977
| 1900 | 68,893| 24,757,006| 118,430,158
| 1905 | 72,747| 28,827,556| 142,196,658
| | | |
Worsted goods | 1880 | 18,803| 5,683,027| 33,549,942
| 1890 | 42,978| 14,944,966| 79,194,652
| 1900 | 57,008| 20,092,738| 120,314,344
| 1905 | 69,251| 26,269,787| 165,745,052
--------------------------------+------+--------+------------+------------

The Textile Industries of the United States at Decennial Periods, 303 1850 to 1900.

[Compiled from Census Reports.]

=====================+=====+==========+=============+=========+
| | Number of| |Number of|
|Year.|establish-| Capital. | wage- |
| | ments. | | earners.|
---------------------+-----+----------+-------------+---------+
Wool manufacture[Z] | 1850| 1,760 | $ 32,516,366| 47,763 |
| 1860| 1,673 | 42,849,932| 59,522 |
| 1870| 3,456 | 132,382,319| 119,859 |
| 1880| 2,689 | 159,091,869| 161,557 |
| 1890| 2,489 | 296,494,481| 213,859 |
| 1900| 2,335 | 392,040,353| 242,495 |
| 1905| 2,292 | 477,525,222| 283,691 |
| | | | |
Cotton manufacture[A]| 1850| 1,094 | 74,500,931| 92,286 |
| 1860| 1,091 | 98,585,269| 122,028 |
| 1870| 956 | 140,706,291| 135,369 |
| 1880| 756 | 208,280,346| 174,659 |
| 1890| 905 | 354,020,842| 218,876 |
| 1900| 1,055 | 467,240,157| 802,861 |
| 1905| 1,154 | 613,110,655| 315,874 |
| | | | |
Silk manufacture | 1850| 67 | 678,300| 1,743 |
| 1860| 139 | 2,926,980| 5,435 |
| 1870| 86 | 6,231,130| 6,649 |
| 1880| 382 | 19,125,300| 31,337 |
| 1890| 472 | 51,007,537| 49,382 |
| 1900| 483 | 81,082,201| 65,416 |
| 1905| 624 | 109,556,621| 79,601 |
| | | | |
Dyeing and finishing | | | | |
textiles | 1850| 104 | 4,818,350| 5,105 |
| 1860| 124 | 5,718,671| 7,097 |
| 1870| 292 | 18,374,503| 13,066 |
| 1880| 191 | 26,223,981| 16,698 |
| 1890| 248 | 38,450,800| 19,601 |
| 1900| 298 | 60,643,104| 29,776 |
| 1905| 360 | 88,708,576| 35,563 |
| | | |
Flax, hemp and jute | 1890| 162 | 27,731,649| 15,519 |
| 1900| 141 | 41,991,762| 20,903 |
| 1905| 133 | 54,423,531| 24,508 |
| | | | |
Combined textiles | 1850| 3,025 | 112,513,947| 146,877 |
| 1860| 3,027 | 150,080,852| 194,082 |
| 1870| 4,790 | 297,694,243| 274,943 |
| 1880| 4,018 | 412,721,496| 384,251 |
| 1890| 4,276 | 767,705,310| 517,237 |
| 1900| 4,312 |1,042,997,577| 661,451 |
| 1905| 4,563 |1,343,324,605| 739,239 |
---------------------+-----+----------+-------------+---------+
=====================+=====+===========+===========+=============
| | | Cost of | Value of
|Year.| Wages. | materials.| products.
| | | |
---------------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-------------
Wool manufacture[Z] | 1850| -- |$29,246,696| $ 49,636,881
| 1860|$13,361,602| 46,649,365| 80,734,606
| 1870| 40,357,235|134,154,615| 217,668,826
| 1880| 47,389,087|164,371,551| 267,252,913
| 1890| 70,917,894|203,095,572| 337,768,524
| 1900| 82,292,444|232,230,986| 392,473,050
| 1905|102,333,548|319,154,878| 517,492,142
| | | |
Cotton manufacture[A]| 1850| -- | 34,835,056| 61,869,184
| 1860| 23,940,108| 57,285,534| 115,681,774
| 1870| 39,044,132|111,736,936| 177,489,789
| 1880| 42,040,510|102,206,347| 192,090,110
| 1890| 66,024,538|154,912,979| 267,981,724
| 1900| 86,689,752|176,551,527| 339,200,320
| 1905| 96,205,796|286,255,303| 450,467,704
| | |
Silk manufacture | 1850| -- | 1,093,866| 1,809,476
| 1860| 1,050,224| 3,901,777| 6,607,771
| 1870| 1,942,286| 7,817,559| 12,210,662
| 1880| 9,146,705| 22,467,701| 41,033,045
| 1890| 17,762,441| 51,004,425| 87,298,454
| 1900| 20,982,194| 62,406,665| 107,256,258
| 1905| 26,767,943| 75,861,188| 188,288,072
| | | |
Dyeing and finishing | | | |
textiles | 1850| -- | 11,540,347| 15,454,430
| 1860| 2,001,528| 5,005,435| 11,716,463
| 1870| 5,221,538| 99,539,992| 113,017,537
| 1880| 6,474,364| 13,664,295| 32,297,420
| 1890| 8,911,720| 12,385,220| 28,900,460
| 1900| 12,726,316| 17,958,137| 44,963,331
| 1905| 15,469,205| 19,621,253| 50,849,545
| | |
Flax, hemp and jute | 1890| 4,872,389| 26,148,344| 37,313,021
| 1900| 6,331,741| 32,197,885| 47,601,607
| 1905| 8,580,785| 44,890,546| 62,939,329
| | | |
Combined textiles | 1850| -- | 76,715,959| 128,769,971
| 1860| 40,353,462|112,842,111| 214,740,614
| 1870| 86,565,191|353,249,102| 520,386,764
| 1880|105,050,666|302,709,894| 532,673,488
| 1890|168,488,982|447,546,540| 759,262,283
| 1900|209,022,447|521,345,200| 931,494,566
| 1905|249,357,277|745,783,168|1,215,036,792
---------------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-------------

[Z] Includes hosiery and knit goods.

[A] Includes cotton small wares.

Cotton Manufactures in the United States, 1870 to 1905. 304

[From official reports of the United States Census Office.]

========================+============+============+==============+
| 1870. | 1880. | 1890. |
------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
Number of establishments| 956| 756| 905|
Capital |$140,706,291|$208,280,346| $354,020,843|
Wage-earners, average | | | |
number | 135,369| 174,659| 218,876|
Total wages | $39,044,132| $42,040,510| $66,024,538|
Cost of materials used |$111,736,936|$102,206,347| $154,912,979|
Value of products |$177,489,739|$192,090,110| $267,981,724|
Active spindles, number | 7,132,415| 10,653,435| 14,188,103|
Looms, number | 157,310| 225,759| 324,866|
Cotton consumed, bales | -- | 1,570,344| 2,261,600|
Cotton consumed, pounds | 398,308,257| 759,343,981| 1,117,945,776|
------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
========================+==============+==============
| 1900. | 1905.
------------------------+--------------+--------------
Number of establishments| 973| 1,077
Capital | $460,842,772| $605,100,164
Wage-earners, average | |
number | 297,929| 310,458
Total wages | $85,126,310| $94,377,696
Cost of materials used | $178,441,390| $282,047,648
Value of products | $332,806,156| $442,451,218
Active spindles, number | 19,008,352| 23,155,613
Looms, number | 450,682| 640,910
Cotton consumed, bales | 3,639,495| 3,743,089
Cotton consumed, pounds | 1,814,002,512| 1,873,074,716
------------------------+--------------+--------------

Silk Manufactures in the United States, 1870 to 1905.

[From official reports of the United States Census Office.]

========================+============+============+==============+
| 1870. | 1880. | 1890. |
------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
| | | |
Number of establishments| 86| 382| 472 |
Capital | $6,231,180| $19,125,300| $51,007,537|
Wage-earners, average
number | 6,649| 31,337| 49,382 |
Total wages | $1,942,286| $9,146,705| $17,762,441 |
Cost of materials used | $7,817,559| $22,467,701| $51,004,425 |
Value of products | $12,210,662| $41,033,045| $87,298,454 |
Raw silk used, pounds | 684,488| 2,690,482| 6,376,881 |
------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
========================+=============+==============
| 1900. | 1905.
------------------------+-------------+--------------
| |
Number of establishments| 483| 624
Capital | $81,082,201| $109,556,621
Wage-earners, average
number | 65,416| 79,601
Total wages | $20,982,194| $26,767,943
Cost of materials used | $62,406,665| $75,861,188
Value of products | $107,256,258| $133,288,072
Raw silk used, pounds | 9,760,770| 11,572,783
------------------------+-------------+--------------

Cotton Production and Manufacturing in the United States, also Imports and Exports of Cotton Manufactures.

[From the Statistical Abstract of the United States.]

======+==========+======================+===========+===========+=========== | | Taken for home | | | | | consumption. | | | | Total +-------+-------+------+ Raw | Exports | Imports |commercial| By | By | | cotton | of manu- | of manu- | crop. |North- |South- |Total.| imported. | factures | factures | | ern | ern | | | of cotton.| of cotton. | |mills. |mills. | | | | | | | | | | | ------+----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+----------- | In thousands of bales. | Pounds. | Dollars. | Dollars. +----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1884 | 5,713 | 1,537 | 340 | 1,877| 7,019,492| 11,885,211| 29,074,626 1885 | 5,706 | 1,437 | 316 | 1,753| 5,115,680| 11,836,591| 27,197,241 1886 | 6,575 | 1,781 | 381 | 2,162| 5,072,334| 13,959,934| 29,709,266 1887 | 6,499 | 1,687 | 401 | 2,088| 3,924,531| 14,929,342| 28,940,353 1888 | 7,047 | 1,805 | 456 | 2,261| 5,497,592| 13,013,189| 28,917,799 1889 | 6,939 | 1,790 | 480 | 2,270| 7,973,039| 10,212,644| 26,805,942 1890 | 7,297 | 1,780 | 545 | 2,325| 8,606,049| 9,999,277| 29,918,055 1891 | 8,674 | 2,027 | 613 | 2,640| 20,908,817| 13,604,857| 29,712,624 1892 | 9,018 | 2,172 | 684 | 2,856| 28,663,769| 13,226,277| 28,323,841 1893 | 6,664 | 1,652 | 723 | 2,375| 43,367,952| 11,809,355| 33,560,293 1894 | 7,532 | 1,580 | 711 | 2,291| 27,705,949| 14,340,886| 22,346,547 1895 | 9,837 | 2,019 | 852 | 2,871| 49,332,022| 13,789,810| 33,196,625 1896 | 7,147 | 1,605 | 900 | 2,605| 55,350,520| 16,837,396| 32,437,504 1897 | 8,706 | 1,793 | 999 | 2,792| 51,898,926| 21,037,678| 34,429,363 1898 | 11,216 | 2,211 | 1,254 | 3,465| 52,660,363| 17,024,092| 27,267,300 1899 | 11,256 | 2,217 | 1,415 | 3,632| 50,158,158| 23,566,914| 32,054,434 1900 | 9,422 | 2,047 | 1,597 | 3,644| 67,398,521| 24,003,087| 41,296,239 1901 | 10,839 | 1,964 | 1,583 | 3,647| 46,631,283| 20,272,418| 40,246,935 1902 | 10,768 | 2,066 | 2,017 | 4,083| 98,715,680| 32,108,362| 44,460,126 1903 | 10,674 | 1,966 | 1,958 | 3,924| 74,874,426| 32,216,304| 52,462,755 1904 | 10,002 | 2,046 | 1,889 | 3,935| 48,840,590| 22,403,718| 49,524,246 1905 | 13,654 | 2,292 | 2,270 | 4,562| 60,508,548| 49,668,080| 48,919,986 1906 | 11,234 | 2,335 | 2,292 | 4,627| 70,963,633| 52,944,038| 63,043,322 1907 | 13,540 | 2,510 | 2,495 | 5,005|104,791,784| 32,305,412| 73,704,636 ------+----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------

Iron and Steel Manufacturing in the U. S.: Comparative Summary, 1870 305 to 1905, with per cent of increase for each decade.[B]

[From the United States Census.]

=============================+==========================================
| Date of census. |
+------------+------------+---------------+
| 1870.[C] | 1880.[C] | 1890. |
| | | |
-----------------------------+------------+------------+---------------+
Number of establishments | 808| 792| 719|
Capital |$121,722,704|$209,904,965|[D]$414,044,844|
Salaried officials, clerks,
etc., number | [E] | [E] | 4,325|
Salaries | [E] | [E] | $6,462,236|
Wage-earners, average number | 77,555| 140,798| 171,181|
Total wages | $40,514,981| $55,451,510| $89,273,956|
Men, 16 years and over | 75,037| 133,023| 168,943|
Wages | [E] | [E] | $88,840,642|
Women, 16 years and over | 82| 45| 58|
Wages | [E] | [E] | $17,106|
Children, under 16 years | 2,436| 7,730| 2,180|
Wages | [E] | [E] | $416,208|
Miscellaneous expenses | [F] | [F] | $18,214,948|
Cost of materials used |$135,526,132|$191,271,150| $327,272,845|
Value of products |$207,208,696|$296,557,685| $478,687,519|
Tons of products
(2,240 pounds each) | 3,263,585| 6,486,733| 16,264,478|
-----------------------------+------------+------------+---------------+
=============================+=========================+
| Date of census. |
+------------+------------+
| 1900. | 1905. |
| | |
-----------------------------+------------+------------+
Number of establishments | 669| 606|
Capital |$590,530,484|$948,689,840|
Salaried officials, clerks,
etc., number | 9,217| 16,566|
Salaries | $11,741,788| $20,758,412|
Wage-earners, average number | 222,607| 242,740|
Total wages |$120,836,338|$141,439,906|
Men, 16 years and over | 219,635| 239,383|
Wages |$120,157,007 $140,545,610|
Women, 16 years and over | 1,071| 1,455|
Wages | $266,888| $441,967|
Children, under 16 years | 1,901| 1,902|
Wages | $412,443| $452,329|
Miscellaneous expenses | $32,274,100| $47,164,970|
Cost of materials used |$522,431,701|$620,171,881|
Value of products |$804,034,918|$905,854,152|
Tons of products
(2,240 pounds each) | 29,507,860| 34,844,933|
-----------------------------+------------+------------+
=============================+===================================
| Per cent of increase.
+--------+--------+--------+--------
| 1870 to| 1880 to| 1890 to| 1900 to
| 1880. | 1890. | 1900. | 1905.
-----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Number of establishments | [D]2.0 | [D]9.2 | [D]7.0 | 9.4
Capital | 72.4 | 97.3 | 42.6 | 60.7
Salaried officials, clerks,
etc., number | -- | -- | 113.1 | 79.7
Salaries | -- | -- | 81.7 | 76.8
Wage-earners, average number | 81.5 | 21.6 | 30.0 | 9.0
Total wages | 36.9 | 61.0 | 35.4 | 17.1
Men, 16 years and over | 77.3 | 27.0 | 30.0 | 9.0
Wages | -- | -- | 35.3 | 17.0
Women, 16 years and over |[D]45.1 | 28.9 |1,746.6 | 35.9
Wages | -- | -- |1,460.2 | 65.6
Children, under 16 years | 217.3 |[D]71.8 |[D]12.8 | 0.1
Wages | -- | -- |[D] O.9 | 9.7
Miscellaneous expenses | -- | -- | 77.2 | 46.1
Cost of materials used | 41.1 | 71.1 | 59.6 | 18.7
Value of products | 43.1 | 61.4 | 68.0 | 12.7
Tons of products
(2,240 pounds each) | 98.8 | 150.7 | 81.4 | 18.1
-----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------

[B] This summary includes only active establishments for 1880, 1890,
and 1900; such establishments were not reported separately in
1870. The 669 establishments in 1900 and the 606 establishments
in 1905 include in each case 1 penal institution, the figures
for which are not included in Parts I and II of the Report on
Manufactures.

[C] For explanation of the apparent discrepancies in the data for
1870 and 1880, see remarks, page 2, Part I, Manufacturing
Industries, 1890, in regard to the depreciated currency in 1870;
and in regard to the inclusion of capital, employes, and wages
relating to mining and other operations in the figures for 1880,
see page 745, Statistics of Manufactures, 1880.

[D] Decrease.

[E] Not reported separately.

[F] Not reported.

Production of Pig Iron and of Crude Steel in the United States, 1880 306 to 1907, and relation of same to Imports and Exports of Iron and Steel Manufactures; also Prices of Representative Iron and Steel Products during the period named.

[From official reports of Bureau of Statistics.]

=========+============+==============+==========+===========+
| | | Per cent | |
| | | of | |
| Pig iron | Crude steel | domestic | Price |
| produced | produced |iron used |per ton of |
Year. | in United | in United | in home | pig iron, |
| States. | States. |industries| No. 1 |
| | | (fiscal |foundry.[G]|
| | | year). | |
---------+------------+--------------+----------+-----------+
| Tons. | Tons. | | |
1880 | 3,835,191 | 1,247,335 | 78.44 | $28.48 |
1881 | 4,144,254 | 1,588,314 | 90.23 | 25.17 |
1882 | 4,623,323 | 1,736,692 | 89.36 | 25.77 |
1883 | 4,595,510 | 1,673,535 | 91.44 | 22.42 |
1884 | 4,097,868 | 1,550,879 | 94.20 | 19.81 |
1885 | 4,044,526 | 1,711,920 | 96.43 | 17.99 |
1886 | 5,683,329 | 2,562,503 | 93.92 | 18.71 |
1887 | 6,417,148 | 3,339,071 | 93.13 | 20.93 |
1888 | 6,489,738 | 2,899,440 | 95.17 | 18.88 |
1889 | 7,603,642 | 3,385,732 | 97.35 | 17.76 |
1890 | 9,202,703 | 4,277,071 | 98.10 | 18.41 |
1891 | 8,279,870 | 3,904,240 | 99.12 | 17.52 |
1892 | 9,157,000 | 4,927,581 | 99.01 | 15.75 |
1893[H] | 7,124,502 | 4,019,995 | 99.39 | 14.52 |
1894[H] | 6,657,388 | 4,412,032 | 99.64 | 12.66 |
1895[H] | 9,446,308 | 6,114,834 | 99.79 | 13.10 |
1896[H] | 8,623,127 | 5,281,689 | 99.07 | 12.95 |
1897 | 9,652,680 | 7,156,957 | 99.77 | 12.10 |
1898 | 11,773,934 | 8,932,857 | 99.79 | 11.66 |
1899 | 13,620,703 | 10,639,857 | 99.80 | 19.36 |
1900 | 13,789,242 | 10,188,329 | 98.55 | 19.98 |
1901 | 15,878,354 | 13,473,595 | 99.71 | 15.87 |
1902 | 17,821,307 | 14,947,250 | 99.01 | 22.19 |
1903 | 18,009,252 | 14,534,978 | 94.92 | 19.92 |
1904 | 16,497,033 | 13,859,887 | 98.95 | 15.57 |
1905 | 22,992,380 | 20,023,947 | 99.27 | 17.88 |
1906 | 25,307,191 | 23,398,136 | 98.94 | 20.98 |
1907 | 25,781,361 |[I]23,360,000 | 97.83 | 23.89 |
---------+------------+--------------+----------+-----------+
=========+========+========+===========+============
| | | |
| | Wire | Imports of| Exports of
|Price of| nails, | manu- | domestic
| steel | price | factures | manu-
Year. | rails | per | of iron | factures
|per ton.| keg of | and steel.| of iron
| |100 lbs.| | and steel.
| | | |
---------+--------+--------+-----------+------------
| | | |
1880 | $67.52 | -- |$71,266,699| $14,716,524
1881 | 61.08 | -- | 60,604,477| 16,604,767
1882 | 48.50 | -- | 67,976,897| 20,748,206
1883 | 37.75 | -- | 58,495,246| 22,826,528
1884 | 30.75 | -- | 40,147,053| 21,909,881
1885 | 28.52 | -- | 33,610,093| 16,592,155
1886 | 34.52 | $3.51 | 37,534,078| 15,745,569
1887 | 37.08 | 3.15 | 49,203,164| 15,958,502
1888 | 29.83 | 2.55 | 48,992,757| 17,763,034
1889 | 29.25 | 2.49 | 42,377,793| 21,156,077
1890 | 31.78 | 2.51 | 41,679,591| 25,542,208
1891 | 29.92 | 2.04 | 53,544,372| 28,909,614
1892 | 30.00 | 1.70 | 28,928,103| 28,800,930
1893[H] | 28.12 | 1.49 | 34,937,974| 30,106,482
1894[H] | 24.00 | 1.11 | 20,925,769| 29,220,264
1895[H] | 24.33 | 1.69 | 23,048,515| 32,000,989
1896[H] | 28.00 | 2.54 | 25,338,103| 41,160,877
1897 | 18.75 | 1.46 | 16,094,557| 57,497,872
1898 | 17.62 | 1.45 | 12,626,431| 70,406,885
1899 | 28.12 | 2.60 | 12,100,440| 93,716,031
1900 | 32.29 | 2.76 | 20,478,728| 121,913,548
1901 | 27.33 | 2.41 | 17,874,789| 117,319,320
1902 | 28.00 | 2.15 | 27,180,247| 98,552,562
1903 | 28.00 | 2.13 | 51,617,312| 96,642,467
1904 | 28.00 | 1.96 | 27,028,312| 111,948,586
1905 | 28.00 | 1.93 | 23,510,164| 134,728,363
1906 | 28.00 | 1.98 | 29,053,987| 160,984,985
1907 | 28.00 | 2.18 | 40,587,865| 181,530,871
---------+--------+--------+-----------+------------

[G] Not made in commercial quantities in the United States before
1887.

[H] Democratic and low-tariff years.

[I] Preliminary figures.

Annual Production of Bessemer Steel Rails in the United States from 307 1867 to 1907, and their Average Annual Price at the Works in Pennsylvania.

======+===========+=========++======+===========+=========
Years.|Gross tons.| Price. ||Years.|Gross tons.| Price.
------+-----------+---------++------+-----------+---------
1867 | 2,277 | $166.00 || 1888 | 1,386,277 | $29.83
1868 | 6,451 | 158.46 || 1889 | 1,510,057 | 29.25
1869 | 8,616 | 132.19 || 1890 | 1,867,837 | 31.78
1870 | 30,357 | 106.79 || 1891 | 1,293,053 | 29.92
1871 | 34,152 | 102.52 || 1892 | 1,537,588 | 30.00
1872 | 83,991 | 111.94 || 1893 | 1,129,400 | 28.12
1873 | 115,192 | 120.58 || 1894 | 1,016,013 | 24.00
1874 | 129,414 | 94.28 || 1895 | 1,299,628 | 24.33
1875 | 259,699 | 68.75 || 1896 | 1,116,958 | 28.00
1876 | 368,269 | 59.25 || 1897 | 1,644,520 | 18.75
1877 | 385,865 | 45.58 || 1898 | 1,976,702 | 17.62
1878 | 491,427 | 42.21 || 1899 | 2,270,585 | 28.12
1879 | 610,682 | 48.21 || 1900 | 2,383,654 | 32.29
1880 | 852,196 | 67.52 || 1901 | 2,870,816 | 27.33
1881 | 1,187,770 | 61.08 || 1902 | 2,985,892 | 28.00
1882 | 1,284,067 | 48.50 || 1903 | 2,946,756 | 28.00
1883 | 1,148,709 | 87.75 || 1904 | 2,137,957 | 28.00
1884 | 996,983 | 30.75 || 1905 | 3,192,347 | 28.00
1885 | 959,471 | 28.52 || 1906 | 3,791,459 | 28.00
1886 | 1,574,703 | 34.52 || 1907 | 3,380,025 | 28.00
1887 | 2,101,904 | 37.08 || | |
------+-----------+---------++------+-----------+--------

Production of Tin Plates in and Importation of Tin Plates into the United States, 1891 to 1908, in long tons.

=========+===========+============++========+===========+============
| |Importation,|| | |Importation,
Calendar |Production,| Long tons. ||Calendar|Production,| Long tons.
Year. | Long tons.| || Year. | Long tons.|
---------+-----------+------------++--------+-----------+------------
1891 | 552 | 327,882 || 1900 | 302,665 | 60,386
1892 | 18,803 | 268,472 || 1901 | 399,291 | 77,395
1893 | 55,182 | 253,155 || 1902 | 366,000 | 60,115
1894 | 74,260 | 215,068 || 1903 | 480,000 | 47,360
1895 | 113,666 | 219,545 || 1904 | 458,000 | 70,652
1896 | 160,862 | 119,171 || 1905 | 493,500 | 65,740
1897 | 256,598 | 83,851 || 1906 | 577,562 | 56,983
1898 | 326,915 | 67,222 || 1907 | 514,777 | 57,773
1899 | 397,767 | 58,915 || 1908 | -- | 58,490
---------+-----------+------------++--------+-----------+------------

Commerce of the United States by Great Groups and Share which 308 Manufactures and Raw Material Formed of the Total, 1820 to 1909.

Imports.

=======================================================
| Foodstuffs in | Foodstuffs partly |
Year ending | crude condition | or wholly |
| and food animals. | manufactured. |
June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total|
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
1820 | 6,081,641| 11.15 | 10,820,814| 19.85 |
1830 | 7,382,274| 11.77 | 9,653,971| 15.39 |
1840 | 15,273,321| 15.54 | 15,188,845| 15.46 |
1850 | 18,011,659| 10.38 | 21,465,776| 12.37 |
1860 | 35,743,826| 10.11 | 53,771,067| 15.21 |
1870 | 53,981,838| 12.38 | 96,253,561| 22.08 |
1875 | 90,018,885| 16.89 |113,145,852| 21.23 |
1880 |100,297,040| 15.01 |118,125,216| 17.69 |
1881 |102,486,852| 15.95 |123,380,388| 19.20 |
1882 |104,947,672| 14.49 |139,438,506| 19.24 |
1883 | 93,091,358| 12.87 |142,127,926| 19.65 |
1884 |103,010,830| 15.43 |130,778,286| 19.59 |
1885 | 93,345,583| 16.16 |102,937,933| 17.82 |
1886 | 91,588,644| 14.41 |112,771,436| 17.75 |
1887 |106,362,234| 15.36 |111,714,382| 16.14 |
1888 |116,087,107| 16.03 |111,048,075| 15.34 |
1889 |123,130,984| 16.53 |122,254,266| 16.41 |
1890 |128,480,142| 16.28 |133,332,031| 16.89 |
1891 |150,639,399| 17.83 |147,721,884| 17.48 |
1892 |175,558,861| 21.22 |139,794,773| 16.89 |
1893 |131,663,968| 15.19 |153,739,181| 17.75 |
1894 |133,309,989| 20.35 |155,348,824| 23.72 |
1895 |141,377,238| 19.31 |107,026,180| 14.63 |
1896 |130,002,310| 16.67 |118,805,703| 15.24 |
1897 |128,379,785| 16.79 |129,244,951| 16.90 |
1898 |103,984,608| 16.88 | 86,091,010| 13.97 |
1899 | 98,933,256| 14.19 |123,448,135| 17.71 |
1900 | 97,916,293| 11.52 |133,027,374| 15.65 |
1901 |110,385,208| 13.43 |125,540,654| 15.25 |
1902 |120,280,302| 13.31 | 95,350,256| 10.56 |
1903 |119,202,674| 11.62 |116,620,623| 11.37 |
1904 |132,223,895| 13.34 |118,222,862| 11.93 |
1905 |146,130,903| 13.08 |145,355,839| 13.01 |
1906 |134,315,448| 10.95 |140,358,114| 11.44 |
1907 |149,747,693| 10.44 |158,656,263| 11.06 |
1908 |145,577,427| 12.19 |147,008,870| 12.31 |
1909 |163,921,598| 12.49 |165,028,764| 12.58 |
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------|
=======================================================
| Crude materials | Manufactures for |
Year ending | for use in | further use in |
| manufacturing. | manufacturing. |
June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
| | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total|
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
1820 | 1,983,706| 3.64 | 4,079,064| 7.48 |
1830 | 4,214,825| 6.72 | 5,152,486| 8.22 |
1840 | 11,510,245| 11.71 | 11,356,196| 11.56 |
1850 | 11,711,266| 6.75 | 26,163,152| 15.08 |
1860 | 37,073,022| 10.49 | 23,613,395| 6.67 |
1870 | 53,118,022| 12.18 | 54,545,306| 12.51 |
1875 | 78,891,769| 14.80 | 63,411,606| 11.89 |
1880 |131,861,617| 19.74 |110,779,516| 16.59 |
1881 |114,244,631| 17.77 | 87,790,890| 13.66 |
1882 |131,356,113| 18.13 | 98,623,766| 13.61 |
1883 |133,612,450| 18.48 | 98,755,423| 13.66 |
1884 |119,150,641| 17.84 | 94,698,249| 14.18 |
1885 |106,774,553| 18.49 | 78,254,677| 13.55 |
1886 |128,434,759| 20.22 | 91,539,244| 14.40 |
1887 |143,361,050| 20.71 |120,079,754| 17.34 |
1888 |155,057,432| 21.42 |121,605,094| 16.80 |
1889 |163,548,106| 21.94 |115,079,918| 15.44 |
1890 |170,637,250| 21.62 |116,924,080| 14.81 |
1891 |184,175,197| 21.80 |136,446,309| 16.15 |
1892 |188,317,595| 22.76 |112,729,303| 13.63 |
1893 |209,277,112| 24.16 |135,608,418| 15.65 |
1894 |130,086,011| 19.86 | 82,894,732| 12.65 |
1895 |180,939,902| 24.72 | 96,486,622| 13.18 |
1896 |197,646,852| 25.35 |101,070,937| 12.96 |
1897 |196,159,371| 25.66 | 88,490,406| 11.57 |
1898 |189,322,244| 30.73 | 79,288,417| 12.88 |
1899 |208,565,691| 29.91 | 91,953,914| 13.19 |
1900 |276,241,152| 32.50 |134,222,045| 15.79 |
1901 |248,006,751| 30.13 |127,576,924| 15.49 |
1902 |303,001,868| 33.55 |147,656,292| 16.34 |
1903 |330,491,084| 32.22 |195,750,847| 19.08 |
1904 |320,794,431| 32.37 |160,233,890| 16.17 |
1905 |389,160,658| 34.82 |177,827,960| 15.91 |
1906 |414,687,999| 33.81 |220,298,751| 17.96 |
1907 |477,027,174| 33.25 |274,096,464| 19.11 |
1908 |363,482,258| 30.43 |196,248,409| 16.43 |
1909 |453,319,751| 34.55 |222,580,277| 16.97 |
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
====================================================================
| Manufactures | |
Year ending | ready for | Miscellaneous. | Total.
| consumption. | |
June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------
| | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars.
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------
1820 | 30,998,900| 56.86 | 556,709| 1.02 | 54,520,834
1830 | 35,734,837| 56.97 | 582,563| .93 | 62,720,956
1840 | 44,300,005| 45.09 | 630,094| .64 | 98,258,706
1850 | 95,312,499| 54.93 | 845,174| .49 | 173,509,526
1860 |199,878,690| 56.52 | 3,536,119| 1.00 | 353,616,119
1870 |173,034,847| 39.69 | 5,024,834| 1.16 | 435,958,408
1875 |177,891,440| 33.38 | 9,645,884| 1.81 | 533,005,436
1880 |196,587,405| 29.43 | 10,303,952| 1.54 | 667,954,746
1881 |203,725,925| 31.70 | 11,035,942| 1.72 | 642,664,628
1882 |238,716,691| 32.94 | 11,556,826| 1.59 | 724,639,574
1883 |242,945,562| 33.59 | 12,648,195| 1.75 | 723,180,914
1884 |207,771,072| 31.12 | 12,288,615| 1.84 | 667,697,693
1885 |182,543,076| 31.61 | 13,671,507| 2.37 | 577,527,329
1886 |194,791,568| 30.65 | 16,310,485| 2.57 | 635,436,136
1887 |202,800,073| 29.29 | 8,002,275| 1.16 | 692,319,768
1888 |211,218,652| 29.17 | 8,940,754| 1.24 | 723,957,114
1889 |212,482,518| 28.52 | 8,635,860| 1.16 | 745,131,652
1890 |230,685,581| 29.23 | 9,251,325| 1.17 | 789,310,409
1891 |217,577,775| 25.75 | 8,355,632| .99 | 844,916,196
1892 |204,543,857| 24.72 | 6,458,073| .78 | 827,402,462
1893 |228,764,866| 26.40 | 7,347,377| .85 | 866,400,922
1894 |148,798,021| 22.72 | 4,557,045| .70 | 654,994,622
1895 |199,543,108| 27.26 | 6,596,915| .90 | 731,969,965
1896 |226,639,759| 29.07 | 5,559,113| .71 | 779,724,674
1897 |217,843,918| 28.48 | 4,611,981| .60 | 764,730,412
1898 |153,025,210| 24.84 | 4,338,165| .70 | 616,049,654
1899 |169,516,630| 24.32 | 4,730,863| .68 | 697,148,489
1900 |203,126,341| 23.90 | 5,407,979| .64 | 849,941,184
1901 |205,505,580| 24.96 | 6,157,048| .74 | 823,172,165
1902 |231,420,820| 25.62 | 5,611,410| .62 | 903,320,948
1903 |257,757,184| 25.13 | 5,896,825| .58 |1,025,719,237
1904 |252,857,673| 25.51 | 6,754,620| .68 | 991,087,371
1905 |252,372,650| 22.58 | 6,665,061| .60 |1,117,513,071
1906 |307,801,154| 25.10 | 9,100,980| .74 |1,226,562,446
1907 |364,192,884| 25.39 | 10,700,947| .75 |1,434,421,425
1908 |331,617,926| 27.77 | 10,406,902| .87 |1,194,341,792
1909 |297,617,739| 22.69 | 9,452,095| .72 |1,311,920,224
------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------

Commerce of the United States by Great Groups, 1820 to 1909. 309

Exports (domestic).

==================================================
| Foodstuffs in | Foodstuffs partly |
Year | crude condition | or wholly |
ending | and food animals. | prepared. |
June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
30-- | | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total|
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
1820 | 2,474,822| 4.79 | 10,085,366| 19.51 |
1830 | 2,724,181| 4.65 | 9,556,992| 16.32 |
1840 | 4,564,532| 4.09 | 15,936,108| 14.27 |
1850 | 7,535,764| 5.59 | 20,017,162| 14.84 |
1860 | 12,166,447| 3.85 | 38,624,949| 12.21 |
1870 | 41,852,630| 11.12 | 50,919,666| 13.53 |
1875 | 79,077,679| 15.84 |110,292,780| 22.09 |
1880 |266,108,950| 32.30 |193,352,723| 23.47 |
1881 |241,641,847| 27.34 |226,386,821| 25.62 |
1882 |155,008,497| 21.14 |178,002,738| 24.28 |
1883 |163,196,443| 20.29 |186,392,822| 23.18 |
1884 |130,395,872| 17.99 |194,703,245| 26.86 |
1885 |123,326,867| 16.97 |201,800,801| 27.77 |
1886 |100,799,692| 15.13 |162,689,021| 24.43 |
1887 |125,453,686| 17.85 |175,784,781| 25.00 |
1888 | 86,368,408| 12.63 |169,872,314| 24.84 |
1889 | 98,847,455| 13.54 |174,504,227| 23.90 |
1890 |132,073,183| 15.62 |224,756,580| 26.59 |
1891 |106,155,721| 12.17 |226,448,303| 25.96 |
1892 |262,455,846| 25.84 |250,438,545| 24.66 |
1893 |153,277,859| 18.43 |247,075,061| 29.73 |
1894 |133,196,928| 15.30 |249,846,142| 28.77 |
1895 | 99,051,108| 12.49 |219,125,531| 27.62 |
1896 |128,550,669| 14.90 |219,413,574| 25.41 |
1897 |181,420,814| 17.58 |235,051,930| 22.79 |
1898 |305,108,915| 25.21 |284,879,827| 23.54 |
1899 |232,903,066| 19.35 |304,754,736| 25.31 |
1900 |227,347,193| 16.59 |318,126,502| 23.28 |
1901 |246,394,140| 16.88 |336,605,378| 23.05 |
1902 |184,786,389| 13.63 |328,831,350| 24.27 |
1903 |185,308,064| 13.31 |323,244,251| 23.22 |
1904 |135,747,224| 9.46 |308,835,694| 21.52 |
1905 |118,185,098| 7.92 |283,064,680| 18.98 |
1906 |177,216,467| 10.32 |347,385,462| 20.22 |
1907 |167,348,227| 9.03 |345,706,609| 18.65 |
1908 |189,051,824| 10.30 |331,961,663| 18.10 |
1909 |135,663,625| 8.28 |302,457,444| 18.46 |
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
==================================================
| Crude materials | Manufactures for |
Year | for use in | further use in |
ending | manufacturing. | manufacturing. |
June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
30-- | | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total|
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
1820 | 31,246,382| 60.46 | 4,867,379| 9.42 |
1830 | 36,482,266| 62.34 | 4,117,606| 7.04 |
1840 | 75,488,421| 67.61 | 4,841,101| 4.34 |
1850 | 83,984,707| 62.26 | 6,060,900| 4.49 |
1860 |216,009,648| 68.31 | 12,641,625| 3.99 |
1870 |213,439,991| 56.64 | 13,711,708| 3.66 |
1875 |206,271,795| 41.31 | 27,458,054| 5.50 |
1880 |238,787,934| 28.98 | 29,044,159| 3.52 |
1881 |278,918,722| 31.55 | 32,820,713| 3.71 |
1882 |233,294,072| 31.82 | 37,164,800| 5.07 |
1883 |288,841,684| 35.92 | 37,996,198| 4.72 |
1884 |239,510,224| 33.04 | 37,800,437| 5.21 |
1885 |248,611,181| 34.22 | 39,437,313| 5.42 |
1886 |254,409,407| 38.21 | 34,037,715| 5.11 |
1887 |250,236,436| 35.60 | 36,732,490| 5.22 |
1888 |271,275,629| 39.67 | 40,176,023| 5.88 |
1889 |286,235,227| 39.19 | 42,712,932| 5.85 |
1890 |304,566,922| 36.03 | 46,454,992| 5.50 |
1891 |346,848,321| 39.77 | 47,961,372| 5.49 |
1892 |315,096,548| 31.02 | 50,284,241| 4.95 |
1893 |247,289,240| 29.75 | 49,070,703| 5.94 |
1894 |276,068,989| 31.70 | 67,145,189| 7.72 |
1895 |264,194,679| 33.30 | 61,812,896| 7.78 |
1896 |251,817,571| 29.17 | 76,219,728| 8.85 |
1897 |296,834,858| 28.76 | 98,284,243| 9.52 |
1898 |286,311,334| 23.66 |101,990,563| 8.43 |
1899 |277,723,374| 23.07 |117,730,260| 9.78 |
1900 |325,589,000| 23.75 |152,890,591| 11.15 |
1901 |397,767,463| 27.24 |148,013,625| 10.12 |
1902 |373,595,243| 27.56 |131,918,311| 9.73 |
1903 |408,679,699| 29.35 |140,415,620| 10.09 |
1904 |461,716,328| 32.17 |174,574,136| 12.17 |
1905 |472,665,309| 31.69 |209,361,544| 14.03 |
1906 |500,536,700| 29.13 |226,210,513| 13.17 |
1907 |593,145,135| 32.00 |259,414,784| 13.99 |
1908 |556,681,462| 30.33 |261,105,883| 14.23 |
1909 |520,768,631| 31.78 |229,937,155| 14.04 |
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+
===============================================================
| Manufactures | |
Year | ready for | Miscellaneous. | Total.
ending | consumption. | |
June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------
30-- | | Percent| | Percent|
| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars.
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------
1820 | 2,925,165| 5.66 | 84,526| 0.16 | 51,683,640
1830 | 5,461,589| 9.34 | 182,244| .31 | 58,524,878
1840 | 10,584,079| 9.47 | 246,320| .22 | 111,660,561
1850 | 17,162,206| 12.72 | 139,494| .10 | 134,900,233
1860 | 35,811,383| 11.33 | 988,371| .31 | 316,242,423
1870 | 56,329,137| 14.96 | 363,341| .09 | 376,616,473
1875 | 74,503,493| 14.92 | 1,680,299| .34 | 499,284,100
1880 | 92,774,139| 11.26 | 3,878,448| .47 | 823,946,353
1881 |102,458,449| 11.59 | 1,699,395| .19 | 883,925,947
1882 |124,835,385| 17.02 | 4,934,240| .67 | 733,239,732
1883 |122,448,549| 15.23 | 5,347,936| .66 | 804,223,632
1884 |118,172,882| 16.30 | 4,382,192| .60 | 724,964,852
1885 |110,818,865| 15.25 | 2,687,919| .37 | 726,682,946
1886 |111,627,312| 16.76 | 2,401,382| .36 | 665,964,529
1887 |112,417,839| 15.99 | 2,397,691| .34 | 703,022,923
1888 |113,892,689| 16.65 | 2,277,041| .33 | 683,862,104
1889 |123,183,883| 16.87 | 4,798,885| .65 | 730,282,609
1890 |132,527,050| 15.68 | 4,915,101| .58 | 845,293,828
1891 |140,349,741| 16.09 | 4,506,825| .52 | 872,270,283
1892 |132,792,441| 13.07 | 4,664,390| .46 |1,015,732,011
1893 |129,938,284| 15.63 | 4,379,638| .52 | 831,030,785
1894 |135,659,274| 15.61 | 7,288,415| .84 | 869,204,937
1895 |143,244,969| 18.06 | 5,963,407| .75 | 793,392,590
1896 |181,789,157| 21.04 | 5,409,788| .63 | 863,200,487
1897 |212,959,122| 20.63 | 7,456,636| .72 |1,032,007,603
1898 |222,537,358| 18.38 | 9,463,916| .78 |1,210,291,913
1899 |262,656,583| 21.81 | 8,163,203| .68 |1,203,931,222
1900 |331,955,684| 24.15 | 14,854,601| 1.08 |1,370,763,571
1901 |317,764,367| 21.76 | 13,917,833| .95 |1,460,462,806
1902 |321,946,540| 23.75 | 14,404,028| 1.06 |1,355,481,861
1903 |327,489,757| 23.52 | 7,100,911| .51 |1,392,231,302
1904 |348,745,843| 24.30 | 5,559,792| .38 |1,435,179,017
1905 |402,064,030| 26.95 | 6,403,980| .43 |1,491,744,641
1906 |459,812,656| 26.76 | 6,791,584| .40 |1,717,953,382
1907 |480,708,667| 25.93 | 7,394,612| .40 |1,853,718,034
1908 |489,469,958| 26.68 | 6,515,567| .36 |1,834,786,357
1909 |441,820,754| 26.97 | 7,707,984| .47 |1,638,355,593
-------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------

Population of the United States 10 Years of Age and Upward, Engaged in 310- Manufacturing and Other Gainful Occupations, Census Year 1900, by Sex. 311

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

=======================================+===================================
| 1900.
OCCUPATION. +-----------+-----------+-----------
| Male. | Female. | Total.
---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------
AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS | 9,404,429 | 977,336 | 10,381,765
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE | 827,941 | 430,597 | 1,258,538
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE | 3,485,208 | 2,095,449 | 5,580,657
TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION | 4,263,617 | 503,347 | 4,766,964
MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL PURSUITS | 5,772,641 | 1,312,668 | 7,085,309
| | |
Building trades. | | |
| | |
Carpenters and joiners | 599,707 | 545 | 600,252
Masons (brick and stone) | 160,638 | 167 | 160,805
Painters, glaziers, and varnishers | 275,782 | 1,759 | 277,541
Paper hangers | 21,749 | 241 | 21,990
Plasterers | 35,649 | 45 | 35,694
Plumbers and gas and steam fitters | 97,659 | 126 | 97,785
Roofers and slaters | 9,065 | 2 | 9,067
Mechanics (not otherwise specified) | 9,351 | 27 | 9,378
| | |
Chemicals and allied products. | | |
| | |
Oil well and oil works employes | 24,573 | 53 | 24,626
Other chemical workers | 12,035 | 2,688 | 14,723
| | |
Clay, glass, and stone products. | | |
| | |
Brick and tile makers, etc. | 49,455 | 478 | 49,933
Glassworkers | 47,377 | 2,621 | 49,998
Marble and stone cutters | 54,317 | 143 | 54,460
Potters | 13,200 | 2,940 | 16,140
| | |
Fishing and mining. | | |
| | |
Fishermen and oystermen | 68,478 | 462 | 68,940
Miners and quarrymen | 562,417 | 989 | 563,406
| | |
Food and kindred products. | | |
| | |
Bakers | 74,860 | 4,328 | 79,188
Butchers | 112,815 | 378 | 113,193
Butter and cheese makers | 18,593 | 648 | 19,241
Confectioners | 21,980 | 9,214 | 31,194
Millers | 40,362 | 186 | 40,548
Other food preparers | 23,640 | 5,142 | 28,782
| | |
Iron and steel and their products. | | |
| | |
Blacksmiths | 226,284 | 193 | 226,477
Iron and steel workers | 287,241 | 3,297 | 290,538
Machinists | 282,574 | 571 | 283,145
Steam boiler makers | 33,038 | 8 | 33,046
Stove, furnace, and grate makers | 12,430 | 43 | 12,473
Tool and cutlery makers | 27,376 | 746 | 28,122
Wheelwrights | 13,495 | 10 | 13,505
Wireworkers | 16,701 | 1,786 | 18,487
| | |
Leather and its finished products. | | |
| | |
Boot and shoe makers and repairers | 169,393 | 39,510 | 208,903
Harness and saddle makers and repairers| 39,506 | 595 | 40,101
Leather curriers and tanners | 40,917 | 1,754 | 42,671
Trunk and leather-case makers, etc. | 5,472 | 1,579 | 7,051
| | |
Liquors and beverages. | | |
| | |
Bottlers and soda water makers, etc. | 9,725 | 794 | 10,519
Brewers and maltsters | 20,687 | 275 | 20,962
Distillers and rectifiers | 3,114 | 30 | 3,144
| | |
Lumber and its remanufactures. | | |
| | |
Cabinetmakers | 35,552 | 67 | 35,619
Coopers | 37,087 | 113 | 37,200
Saw and planing mill employes | 161,251 | 373 | 161,624
Other woodworkers | 104,791 | 6,805 | 111,596
| | |
Metals and metal products | | |
other than iron and steel. | | |
| | |
Brassworkers | 25,870 | 890 | 26,760
Clock and watch makers and repairers | 19,305 | 4,815 | 24,120
Gold and silver workers | 19,732 | 6,380 | 26,112
Tin plate and tinware makers | 68,730 | 1,775 | 70,505
Other metal workers | 54,282 | 2,320 | 56,602
| | |
Paper and printing. | | |
| | |
Bookbinders | 14,646 | 15,632 | 30,278
Box makers (paper) | 3,796 | 17,302 | 21,098
Engravers | 10,698 | 453 | 11,151
Paper and pulp mill operatives | 26,904 | 9,424 | 36,328
Printers, lithographers, and pressmen | 139,166 | 15,981 | 155,147
| | |
Textiles. | | |
| | |
Bleachery and dye works operatives | 20,493 | 1,785 | 22,278
Carpet factory operatives | 10,371 | 9,001 | 19,372
Cotton mill operatives | 125,788 | 120,603 | 246,391
Hosiery and knitting mill operatives | 12,630 | 34,490 | 47,120
Silk mill operatives | 22,023 | 32,437 | 54,460
Woolen mill operatives | 42,566 | 30,630 | 73,196
Other textile mill operatives | 53,437 | 51,182 | 104,619
Dressmakers | 2,090 | 344,794 | 346,884
Hat and cap makers | 15,110 | 7,623 | 22,733
Milliners | 1,739 | 86,120 | 87,859
Seamstresses | 4,837 | 146,105 | 150,942
Shirt, collar, and cuff makers | 8,491 | 30,941 | 39,432
Tailors and tailoresses | 160,714 | 68,935 | 229,649
Other textile workers | 8,862 | 20,671 | 29,533
| | |
Miscellaneous industries. | | |
| | |
Broom and brush makers | 8,643 | 1,577 | 10,220
Charcoal, coke, and lime burners | 14,405 | 31 | 14,436
Engineers and firemen (not locomotive) | 223,318 | 177 | 223,495
Glovemakers | 4,503 | 7,768 | 12,271
Manufacturers and officials, etc. | 239,649 | 3,360 | 243,009
Model and pattern makers | 14,869 | 204 | 15,073
Photographers | 23,361 | 3,580 | 26,941
Rubber factory operatives | 14,492 | 7,374 | 21,866
Tobacco and cigar factory operatives | 87,955 | 43,497 | 131,452
Upholsterers | 28,663 | 2,158 | 30,821
Other miscellaneous industries | 380,167 | 90,922 | 471,089
---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------
Total manufacturing and | | |
mechanical pursuits | 5,772,641 | 1,312,668 | 7,085,309
---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------
Grand total |23,753,836 | 5,319,397 | 29,073,233
---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------

World’s Development of Carrying Power, Production, and Commerce, 312 1800-1907.

[From “Transportation Systems of the World,” issued by the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

=======+===========+====================++=============================++
| | Commerce. || Carrying Power. ||
| | || ||
| +-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++
Year. |Population.| | || | | ||
| | Total. | Per || Sail. | Steam. | Total. ||
| | | capita.|| | | ||
| | | || | | ||
-------+-----------+-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++
| Millions. | Millions | ||Thousand|Thousand| Thousand ||
| |of dollars.|Dollars.||tons.[J]|tons.[J]|tons.[J][K]||
| | | || | | ||
1800[M]| 640 | 1,479 | 2.31 || 4,026 | -- | 4,026 ||
1820[N]| 780 | 1,659 | 2.13 || 5,814 | 0.023 | 5,894 ||
1830[N]| 847 | 1,981 | 2.34 || 7,100 | .111 | 7,528 ||
1840[O]| 950 | 2,789 | 2.93 || 9,012 | .372 | 10,482 ||
1850[O]| 1,075 | 4,049 | 3.76 || 11,470 | .864 | 14,902 ||
1860[O]| 1,205 | 7,246 | 6.01 || 14,890 | 1.723 | 21,730 ||
1870[P]| 1,310 | 10,663 | 8.14 || 12,900 | 3.012 | 25,100 ||
1880[Q]| 1,439 | 14,761 | 10.26 || 14,400 | 5.901 | 37,900 ||
1890[R]| 1,488 | 17,519 | 11.80 || 12,640 | 8.295 | 47,800 ||
1900 | 1,543 | 20,105 | 13.02 || 8,119 | 13.856 | 63,543 ||
1906 | 1,600 | 26,500 | 16.50 || 5,469 | 21.094 | 89,845 ||
1907 | -- | -- | -- || 5,200 | 22.140 | 93,760 ||
-------+-----------+-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++
=======+=========+========+========++
| | | ||
| | | ||
| | | ++
Year. |Railways.| Tele- |Cables. ||
| |graphs. | ||
| | | ||
| | | ||
-------+---------+--------+--------++
|Thousand |Thousand|Thousand||
|miles.[J]| miles. | miles. ||
| | | ||
1800[M]| -- | -- | -- ||
1820[N]| -- | -- | -- ||
1830[N]| 0.2| -- | -- ||
1840[O]| 5.4| -- | -- ||
1850[O]| 24.0| 5 | 1/40 ||
1860[O]| 67.4| 100 | 1½ ||
1870[P]| 139.9| 281 | 15 ||
1880[Q]| 224.9| 440 | 49 ||
1890[R]| 390.0| 768 | 132 ||
1900 | 500.0| 1,180 | 200 ||
1906 | [S]562.8| 1,200 | 200 ||
1907 | 595.8| -- | -- ||
-------+---------+--------+--------++
=======+================================+=========+===========
| Production of Cotton, | | Gold
| Coal, and Pig iron. | |production,
|----------+-----------+---------+ | decade
Year. | | | | Area | ending
| Cotton. | Coal. |Pig iron.| cul- | year
| | | | tivated.| named.
| | | | |
-------+----------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------
| Million | Million | Million | Million | Million
|pounds.[J]| tons. | tons.[J]|acres.[J]|dollars.[L]
| | | | |
1800[M]| 520| 11.6| 0.5 | 360 | 128.5
1820[N]| 630| 17.2| 1.0 | 402 | 76.1
1830[N]| 820| 25.1| 1.6 | -- | 94.5
1840[O]| 1,310| 44.8| 2.7 | 492 | 134.8
1850[O]| 1,435| 81.4| 4.4 | -- | 363.9
1860[O]| 2,551| 142.3| 7.2 | 583 | 1,334.0
1870[P]| 2,775| 213.4| 11.9 | -- | 1,263.0
1880[Q]| 3,601| 340.0| 18.1 | 749 | 1,150.8
1890[R]| 5,600| 466.0| 25.2 | 807 | 1,060.1
1900 | 6,247| 800.0| 41.4 | 875 | 2,100.0
1906 | [T]9,971| [U]987.9| [V]58.1 | 900 | 3,095.0
1907 | [T]8,256| [U]1,079.6| [V]59.7 | -- | 3,259.5
-------+----------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------

[J] Mulhall’s estimate, except 1830, 1890, 1900, 1906, and 1907.

[K] Steam tonnage reduced to sail by multiplying by 4.

[L] Soetbeer’s estimates prior to 1860.

[M] Malte-Brun’s estimate for 1804.

[N] Based on Balbi’s estimate for 1828.