Chapter IX: Statistics of Manufacturing-- 289

Production of Manufacturers’ Materials--Development
of Transportation Facilities--Distribution of
Manufactures--World’s Production of Gold, 1492 to
1908--Enlargement of Capital Invested in
Manufacturing--The Various Classes of Manufactures
Produced in the United States--The Value of Each
Group at Recurring Censuses from 1880 to
1905--Distribution of the Manufacturing Industries in
the Various Sections of the United States--Share
which Manufactures Form in the Imports and Exports of
the United States--Share which Manufactures Form in
the Imports and Exports of the Principal Countries of
Europe--Estimated Value of Manufactures Produced in
the Principal Countries of the World, 1780 to
1905--Commerce of the World, 1780 to 1905--Number of
Persons Engaged in the Principal Manufacturing
Industries of the United States--Cotton Spindles of
the World--Cotton Production of the World--Growth of
Population, Commerce, Transportation Facilities, and
in Production of Certain Articles Required in
Manufacturing, 1800 to 1908.

Concrete and Steel.
By J. F. SPRINGER 322

Chemistry and the Industries.
By BENJAMIN BALL FREUD 341

The Close Relation of the Producer-Gas Power Plant to the
Conservation of our Fuel Resources.
By ROBERT HEYWOOD FERNALD 352

Efficiency in Shop Operations.
By H. F. STIMPSON 370

The Bridge Between Labor and Capital.
By JOHN MITCHELL 380

The Unemployed.
By JOHN BASCOM 384

Quiz Questions 403

PRACTICAL ECONOMICS. 1

BY ERNEST LUDLOW BOGART, Ph. D.

[Born Yonkers, N. Y., 1870; A. B., A. M., Princeton University, 1890, 1896; Ph. D., University of Halle, 1897; Graduate Student, University of Halle, 1894, 1896-7, University of Berlin, 1894-5, Princeton University (Fellow), 1895-6, Columbia University, 1897-8. Assistant Professor Economics and Social Science, Indiana University, 1898-1900; Professor Economics and Sociology, Oberlin College, 1900-1905; Assistant Professor Economics, History and Politics, Princeton University, 1905-9; Associate Professor Economics, University of Illinois, 1909. Author of Economic History of the United States (Longmans Green & Co., 3rd edition, 1909), and several monographs and periodical articles.]

INTRODUCTION.

In the preparation of this text the author has endeavored to apply the principles of economic science to some of the more important problems of the modern industrial world, and especially those now confronting the people of the United States. He has attempted in doing this above all to make the text practical. The student or teacher of economics will recognize at once that the sections are arranged into groups corresponding with the traditional divisions of economic text-books into production and distribution (land, capital and organization, and labor), consumption, exchange, and the relation of the government to the individual. It is hoped that the text may not be without profit and interest to the general reader as well as the students of the La Salle Extension University.