Chapter IX: Statistics of Manufacturing. 289 (1)

Approximate Annual Value of Manufactures Produced in the Principal Manufacturing Countries at dates named, 1780 to 1900.

=================================================
| 1780. | 1800. | 1820. | 1840. |
Countries. +-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Millions of Dollars.
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
United Kingdom | 861 | 1,119 | 1,411 | 1,883 |
Germany | 243 | 292 | 414 | 730 |
France | 715 | 925 | 1,071 | 1,285 |
Austria-Hungary | 146 | 243 | 389 | 691 |
Russia | 49 | 73 | 97 | 195 |
Italy | 49 | 73 | 122 | 195 |
Belgium | .... | .... | .... | 292 |
Spain | 49 | 97 | 146 | 219 |
United States | 73 | 122 | 268 | 467 |
Various | 151 | 219 | 292 | 438 |
----------------+-------+-------+-------+--------
Total | 2,336 | 3,163 | 4,210 | 6,395 |
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

================================================
| 1860. | 1888. | 1896. | 1900.
Countries. +-------+-------+-------+-------
| Millions of Dollars.
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------
United Kingdom | 2,808 | 3,991 | 4,263 | 5,000
Germany | 1,509 | 2,837 | 3,358 | 4,601
France | 1,849 | 2,360 | 2,900 | 3,450
Austria-Hungary | 973 | 1,231 | 1,596 | 2,000
Russia | 754 | 1,767 | 1,849 | 1,980
Italy | 389 | 589 | 925 | 1,700
Belgium | 438 | 496 | 574 | 750
Spain | 292 | 414 | 589 | 615
United States | 1,908 | 7,022 | 9,636 |13,004
Various | 779 | 1,767 | 2,097 | 2,317
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------
Total |11,699 |22,474 |27,787 |35,417
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------

Note.--The figures (Mulhall’s estimates prior to 1900) here given for the United States are those of gross values. The relation of “gross” to “net” value of the manufactures of the United States is explained at page 211.

Approximate Annual Value of Manufactures Produced In the Principal Manufacturing Countries at dates named, 1780 to 1900.

=================================================
| 1780. | 1800. | 1820. | 1840. |
Countries. +-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Millions of Dollars.
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
United Kingdom | 861 | 1,119 | 1,411 | 1,883 |
Germany | 213 | 292 | 414 | 730 |
France | 715 | 925 | 1,071 | 1,285 |
Austria-Hungary | 146 | 243 | 389 | 691 |
Russia | 49 | 73 | 97 | 195 |
Italy | 49 | 73 | 122 | 195 |
Belgium | .... | .... | .... | 292 |
Spain | 49 | 97 | 146 | 219 |
United States | 48 | 81 | 179 | 311 |
Various | 151 | 219 | 292 | 438 |
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
Total | 2,311 | 3,122 | 4,121 | 6,239 |
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

================================================
| 1860. | 1888. | 1896. | 1900.
Countries. +-------+-------+-------+-------
| Millions of Dollars.
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------
United Kingdom | 2,808 | 3,991 | 4,263 | 5,000
Germany | 1,509 | 2,837 | 3,358 | 4,601
France | 1,849 | 2,360 | 2,900 | 3,450
Austria-Hungary | 973 | 1,231 | 1,596 | 2,000
Russia | 754 | 1,767 | 1,849 | 1,980
Italy | 389 | 589 | 925 | 1,700
Belgium | 438 | 496 | 574 | 750
Spain | 292 | 414 | 589 | 615
United States | 1,272 | 4,681 | 6,426 | 8,371
Various | 779 | 1,767 | 2,097 | 2,317
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------
Total |10,063 |20,133 |24,577 |30,784
----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------

Note.--Figures are those of Mulhall, except for 1900, the figures of gross manufactures for the United States having been reduced to net on the basis of net equal to 66⅔ per cent of gross; figures for 1900, estimate of Wm. J. Clark, in Engineering Magazine, May, 1904.

Importation of Manufactures into United Kingdom and United States, respectively, at quinquennial years, 1870 to 1908.

[From official statistics of the respective governments.]

==================================================
| Into the United | Into the United
| Kingdom. | States.
Year[D] | Millions dollars. | Millions dollars.
----------+-------------------+-------------------
1870 | 277 | 229
1875 | 354 | 241
1880 | 405 | 307
1885 | 406 | 261
1890 | 478 | 348
1895 | 483 | 296
1900 | 630 | 337
1905 | 707 | 430
1907 | 754 | 638
1908 | 696 | 528
----------+-------------------+-------------------

[D] For United States, fiscal years; for United Kingdom, calendar years.

Commerce of the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, from 290 1875 to 1908. Showing exports of domestic merchandise, and exports of domestic manufacture from each country named.

=======+=========================================+
| Imports of merchandise. |
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| United | | United |
Year. | Kingdom. | Germany.[E] | States.[F] |
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. |
1875 |1,819,779,000| 839,590,000| 533,005,000|
1880 |2,001,251,000| 670,945,000| 667,955,000|
1885 |1,805,316,000| 699,067,000| 577,527,000|
1890 |2,047,298,000| 990,023,000| 789,310,000|
1895 |2,027,822,000| 980,719,000| 731,970,000|
1900 |2,545,544,000|1,372,216,000| 849,941,000|
1901 |2,540,264,000|1,290,254,000| 823,172,000|
1902 |2,571,416,000|1,340,178,000| 903,321,000|
1903 |2,642,054,050|1,424,080,000|1,025,719,000|
1904 |2,681,629,000|1,514,660,000| 991,087,000|
1905 |2,749,669,000|1,696,660,000|1,117,513,000|
1906 |2,958,289,000|1,909,210,000|1,226,562,000|
1907 |3,143,293,000|2,046,187,000|1,434,421,000|
1908 | | |1,194,342,000|
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

=======+=========================================+
| Exports of domestic merchandise. |
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| United | | United |
Year. | Kingdom. | Germany. | States.[F] |
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. |
1875 |1,087,497,000| 593,052,000| 499,284,100|
1880 |1,085,521,000| 688,500,000| 823,946,353|
1885 |1,037,124,000| 680,551,000| 726,682,946|
1890 |1,282,472,000| 791,717,000| 845,293,828|
1895 |1,100,453,000| 789,660,000| 793,392,599|
1900 |1,417,086,000|1,097,509,000|1,370,763,571|
1901 |1,362,729,000|1,054,685,000|1,460,462,806|
1902 |1,379,283,000|1,111,008,000|1,355,481,861|
1903 |1,415,179,000|1,113,313,000|1,392,231,302|
1904 |1,463,412,000|1,242,987,000|1,435,179,000|
1905 |1,605,053,000|1,364,131,000|1,491,745,000|
1906 |1,827,737,000|1,513,449,000|1,171,953,000|
1907 |2,074,125,000|1,634,803,000|1,853,718,000|
1908 | | |1,834,786,000|
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

=======+========================================
| Exports of domestic manufactures.
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------
| United | | United
Year. | Kingdom. | Germany. | States.[F]
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------
| Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars.
1875 | 978,886,000| ........ | 101,962,000
1880 | 970,681,000| 460,279,000| 121,818,000
1885 | 913,353,000| 504,623,000| 150,256,000
1890 |1,118,657,000| 511,096,000| 178,982,000
1895 | 953,800,000| 518,723,000| 205,058,000
1900 |1,142,603,000| 709,806,000| 484,846,000
1901 |1,110,131,000| 688,409,000| 465,778,000
1902 |1,127,606,000| 735,182,000| 453,865,000
1903 |1,163,812,000| 780,925,000| 467,898,000
1904 |1,204,359,000| 819,196,000| 523,320,000
1905 |1,322,851,000| 910,017,000| 611,426,000
1906 |1,523,699,000|1,046,938,000| 686,023,000
1907 |1,690,038,000| No data. | 740,123,000
1908 | | | 750,576,000
-------+-------------+-------------+-------------

[E] Imports for consumption.

[F] Years ending June 30.

Exportation of Manufactures from United Kingdom and United States, 291 respectively, at quinquennial years, 1870 to 1908.

[From official statistics of the respective governments.]

=========+====================+====================
| From the United | From the United
| Kingdom. | States.
Year[G] | Millions dollars. | Millions dollars.
---------+--------------------+--------------------
1870 | 888 | 70
1875 | 979 | 102
1880 | 965 | 122
1885 | 915 | 150
1890 | 1,112 | 179
1895 | 941 | 205
1900 | 1,126 | 485
1905 | 1,329 | 611
1907 | 1,694 | 740
1908 | 1,445 | 751
---------+--------------------+--------------------

[G] For United States, fiscal years; for United Kingdom, calendar
years.

Coal Production of the World by Principal Countries, at quinquennial periods from 1870 to 1895 and annually since that date.

[From reports of the United States Geological Survey.]

=======+============+============+============+===========+
| | | | |
| United | Great | | |
Year. | States. | Britain. | Germany. | France. |
| | | | |
-------+------------+------------+------------+-----------+
| Short tons.| Short tons.| Short tons.|Short tons.|
1870 | 33,035,580| 123,682,935| 37,488,312| 14,530,716|
1875 | 52,348,320| 149,303,263| 52,703,970| 18,694,916|
1880 | 71,481,570| 164,605,738| 65,177,634| 21,346,124|
1885 | 111,160,295| 178,473,588| 81,227,255| 21,510,359|
1890 | 157,770,963| 203,408,003| 98,398,500| 28,756,638|
1895 | 193,117,530| 212,320,725| 114,561,318| 30,877,922|
1896 | 191,986,357| 218,804,611| 123,943,159| 32,167,270|
1897 | 200,229,199| 226,385,523| 132,762,882| 33,938,987|
1898 | 219,976,267| 226,301,058| 144,283,196| 35,656,426|
1899 | 253,741,192| 246,506,155| 149,719,766| 36,215,026|
1900 | 269,684,027| 252,203,056| 164,805,202| 36,811,536|
1901 | 293,299,816| 245,332,578| 168,217,082| 35,596,536|
1902 | 301,590,439| 254,346,447| 165,826,496| 33,286,146|
1903 | 357,356,416| 257,974,605| 179,076,630| 38,466,873|
1904 | 351,816,398| 260,319,665| 186,785,378| 37,663,349|
1905 | 392,722,635| 264,464,408| 191,576,074| 38,951,360|
1906 | 414,157,278| 281,195,743| 222,350,526| 37,828,931|
-------+------------+------------+------------+-----------+

=======+================+=======
| | Per
|Total production| cent
Year. | of the | of
| world. | U. S.
-------+----------------+-------
| Short tons. |
1870 | 234,850,088| 14.07
1875 | 308,479,177| 16.97
1880 | 369,413,780| 20.62
1885 | 447,783,802| 24.82
1890 | 563,693,232| 27.99
1895 | 644,177,076| 29.98
1896 | 664,001,718| 28.92
1897 | 697,213,515| 28.72
1898 | 738,129,608| 29.80
1899 | 801,976,021| 31.63
1900 | 846,041,848| 31.88
1901 | 870,711,044| 33.69
1902 | 888,453,950| 33.95
1903 | 972,195,531| 36.76
1904 | 983,527,562| 35.78
1905 | 1,034,156,604| 37.98
1906 |[H]1,106,478,707| 37.43
-------+----------------+-------

[H] Latest available figures are used in making up totals for 1906.

Note.--The use of coal for the production of power for use in manufacturing has such an important relation to that industry that the presentation of this table in this study seems justifiable.

World’s Production of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

===============+==========+==========+==========+==========+==========
Countries. | 1902-3. | 1903-4. | 904-5. | 1905-6. | 1906-7.
---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
| Bales. | Bales. | Bales. | Bales. | Bales.
United States |10,511,020| 9,841,671|13,420,440|11,048,000|13,346,000
East Indies[I] | 2,737,577| 2,734,400| 2,952,720| 2,983,370| 3,482,000
Egypt | 1,148,700| 1,275,754| 1,244,968| 1,152,516| 1,350,000
Brazil[J] | 329,390| 307,516| 325,928| 476,667| 400,000
---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
Total |14,726,687| 4,159,341|17,944,056|15,660,553|18,578,000
---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

[I] Includes India’s exports to Europe, America and Japan, and mill
consumption in India increased or decreased by excess or loss of
stock at Bombay.

[J] Receipts into Europe from Brazil, Smyrna, Peru, West Indies,
etc., and Japan and China cotton used in Japanese mills.

Estimated Number of Cotton Spindles at Work on the Continent of 292 Europe, Sept. 30, 1907.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

Russia and Poland 7,000,000
Germany 9,000,000
Austria 3,700,000
France 6,200,000
Spain 2,800,000
Switzerland 1,550,000
Italy 3,000,000
Belgium 1,300,000
Sweden, Norway, etc. 550,000
Holland 420,000
Portugal 210,000
Greece 70,000
----------
Total 35,800,000

Annual Consumption of Cotton in Cotton Mills.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

=======+==========+==========+==========+==========+==========+==========
| | | Northern | Southern | Total of |
Season | Great | Continent| States of| States of| United | India.
of | Britain. | Europe. | U. S. | U. S. | States. |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
| In bales of 500 pounds net.
-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
1896-7 | 3,224,000| 4,368,000| 1,771,000| 946,000| 2,717,000| 1,041,000
1897-8 | 3,432,000| 4,628,000| 1,771,000| 1,151,000| 2,922,000| 1,185,000
1898-9 | 3,519,000| 4,784,000| 2,218,000| 1,364,000| 3,582,000| 1,340,000
1899- | 3,334,000| 4,576,000| 2,163,000| 1,524,000| 3,687,000| 1,162,000
1900-1 | 3,269,000| 4,576,000| 1,909,000| 1,526,000| 3,435,000| 1,087,000
1901-2 | 3,253,000| 4,836,000| 1,996,000| 1,912,000| 3,908,000| 1,384,000
1902-3 | 3,185,000| 5,148,000| 1,980,000| 1,910,000| 3,890,000| 1,362,000
1903-4 | 2,977,000| 5,148,000| 1,980,000| 1,795,000| 3,775,000| 1,368,000
1904-5 | 3,572,000| 5,148,000| 2,112,000| 2,063,000| 4,175,000| 1,473,000
1905-6 | 3,766,000| 5,244,000| 2,364,000| 2,239,000| 4,603,000| 1,587,000
1906-7 | 3,915,000| 5,444,000| 2,460,000| 2,362,000| 4,822,000| 1,562,000
-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

World’s Supply and Distribution of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

==========+===========+==================================+
| | Crops. |
| | |
|Visible and+-----------+----------+-----------+
| Invisible | | | |
| Supply at | United | All | Total. |
Year. | beginning | States | Others. | |
| of year. | | | |
+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
| Bales of 500 pounds each.
----------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
1884-5 | 1,550,000 | 5,136,000| 2,101,000| 7,237,000|
1885-6 | 1,343,000 | 5,984,000| 2,234,000| 8,218,000|
1886-7 | 1,441,000 | 5,960,000| 2,577,000| 8,537,000|
1887-8 | 1,473,000 | 6,400,000| 2,309,000| 8,709,000|
1888-9 | 1,291,000 | 6,463,000| 2,632,000| 9,095,000|
1889-90 | 1,119,000 | 6,820,000| 2,933,000| 9,753,000|
1890-1 | 1,077,000 | 8,137,000| 3,039,000| 11,176,000|
1891-2 | 1,742,000 | 8,640,000| 3,001,000| 11,641,000|
1892-3 | 2,818,000 | 6,435,000| 3,296,000| 9,731,000|
1893-4 | 2,258,000 | 7,136,000| 3,314,000| 10,450,000|
1894-5 | 2,128,000 | 9,640,000| 2,978,000| 12,618,000|
1895-6 | 3,203,000 | 6,912,000| 3,421,000| 10,333,000|
1896-7 | 1,931,000 | 8,435,868| 3,438,000| 11,873,868|
1897-8 | 1,923,636 | 10,890,000| 3,316,290| 14,206,290|
1898-9 | 3,241,158 | 11,078,000| 3,694,934| 14,772,934|
1899-1900| 3,999,364 | 9,137,000| 3,092,897| 12,229,897|
1900-1 | 2,456,489 | 10,218,000| 3,414,454| 13,632,454|
1901-2 | 2,673,027 | 10,380,380| 4,038,569| 14,413,949|
1902-3 | 2,672,068 | 10,511,020| 4,215,661| 14,726,687|
1903-4 | 2,921,061 | 9,841,671| 4,317,670| 14,159,341|
1904-5 | 2,770,244 | 13,420,440| 4,524,000| 17,944,056|
1905-6 | 5,172,638 | 11,048,000| 4,612,553| 15,660,553|
1906-7 | 4,504,382 | 13,346,000| 5,232,000| 18,578,000|
----------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+

==========+============+=====================
| | Balance of Supply
| | End of year.
| Total +----------+----------
| Actual | |
|Consumption.| Visible. |Invisible.
Year. | | |
| | |
+------------+----------+----------
| Bales of 500 pounds each.
----------+------------+----------+----------
1884-5 | 7,444,000 | 984,000| 359,000
1885-6 | 8,120,000 | 968,000| 473,000
1886-7 | 8,505,000 | 999,000| 474,000
1887-8 | 8,891,000 | 772,000| 519,000
1888-9 | 9,267,000 | 682,000| 437,000
1889-90 | 9,795,000 | 846,000| 231,000
1890-1 | 10,511,000 | 1,315,000| 427,000
1891-2 | 10,565,000 | 2,310,000| 508,000
1892-3 | 10,291,000 | 1,903,000| 355,000
1893-4 | 10,580,000 | 1,792,000| 336,000
1894-5 | 11,543,000 | 2,185,000| 1,018,000
1895-6 | 11,605,000 | 1,231,000| 700,000
1896-7 | 11,880,332 | 1,295,636| 628,000
1897-8 | 12,888,768 | 1,905,158| 1,336,000
1898-9 | 14,014,728 | 2,371,364| 1,628,000
1899-1900| 13,772,772 | 1,071,489| 1,385,000
1900-1 | 13,415,916 | 1,549,027| 1,124,000
1901-2 | 14,414,908 | 1,306,068| 1,366,000
1902-3 | 14,477,694 | 1,177,677| 1,743,384
1903-4 | 14,310,158 | 1,085,237| 1,735,007
1904-5 | 15,541,667 | 2,501,469| 2,671,164
1905-6 | 16,328,804 | 1,702,485| 2,801,897
1906-7 | 17,005,640 | 2,215,497| 3,861,245
----------+------------+----------+----------

Stocks of Money in Thirteen Principal Countries of the World in 1873, 293 1896 and 1906.

Relative increase in use of gold, silver and paper money illustrated.

==============================================================
| Stock of Gold. |
Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+
| 1873. | 1896. | 1906. |
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
United States | $135,000,000| $696,300,000|$1,593,300,000|
Great Britain | 160,000,000| 584,000,000| 486,700,000|
France | 450,000,000| 772,000,000| 926,400,000|
Germany | 160,200,000| 654,500,000| 1,030,300,000|
Russia | 149,100,000| 586,900,000| 939,400,000|
Italy | 20,000,000| 96,900,000| 215,500,000|
Belgium | 25,000,000| 35,000,000| 31,100,000|
Netherlands | 12,000,000| 21,900,000| 45,900,000|
Austria-Hungary | 35,000,000| 178,500,000| 306,400,000|
Australasia | 50,000,000| 132,100,000| 125,000,000|
Denmark | 4,100,000| 15,400,000| 22,600,000|
Sweden | 1,800,000| 10,600,000| 22,600,000|
Norway | 7,600,000| 7,500,000| 8,300,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
Total | 1,209,800,000| 2,791,600,000| 5,753,500,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

==============================================================
| Stock of Silver. |
Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+
| 1873. | 1896. | 1906. |
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
United States | $ 6,150,000| $364,500,000| $698,700,000|
Great Britain | 95,000,000| 121,700,000| 116,800,000|
France | 500,000,000| 443,900,000| 411,100,000|
Germany | 306,235,000| 212,800,000| 219,700,000|
Russia | 18,600,000| 74,200,000| 77,900,000|
Italy | 23,000,000| 45,400,000| 31,700,000|
Belgium | 15,000,000| 57,000,000| 24,700,000|
Netherlands | 37,300,000| 56,100,000| 52,600,000|
Austria-Hungary | 40,000,000| 63,700,000| 105,300,000|
Australasia | 3,000,000| 7,000,000| 10,000,000|
Denmark | 7,500,000| 5,400,000| 6,100,000|
Sweden | 4,300,000| 4,900,000| 7,700,000|
Norway | 1,600,000| 2,000,000| 3,100,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
Total | 1,057,685,000| 1,728,600,000| 1,765,400,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

==============================================================
| Uncovered paper. |
Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+
| 1873. | 1896. | 1906. |
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
United States | $749,445,000| $397,000,000| $610,800,000|
Great Britain | 59,800,000| 112,100,000| 116,800,000|
France | 385,300,000| 119,200,000| 269,200,000|
Germany | 90,800,000| 123,800,000| 267,100,000|
Russia | 618,400,000| 467,200,000| No data. |
Italy | 87,800,000| 161,000,000| 150,600,000|
Belgium | 35,100,000| 72,500,000| 125,800,000|
Netherlands | 15,300,000| 37,900,000| 57,800,000|
Austria-Hungary | 265,800,000| 177,600,000| 119,300,000|
Australasia | .......... | 22,500,000| No data. |
Denmark | 6,500,000| 6,400,000| 10,700,000|
Sweden | 6,000,000| 19,000,000| 34,800,000|
Norway | 2,300,000| 3,800,000| 7,000,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
Total | 2,322,545,000| 1,720,000,000| 1,769,900,000|
----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

===============================================================
| Total money in countries named.
Countries. +--------------+--------------+----------------
| 1873. | 1896. | 1906.
----------------+--------------+--------------+----------------
United States | $890,595,000|$1,727,800,000| $2,902,800,000
Great Britain | 314,800,000| 817,800,000| 720,300,000
France | 1,335,300,000| 1,335,100,000| 1,606,700,000
Germany | 557,235,000| 991,100,000| 1,517,100,000
Russia | 786,100,000| 1,128,300,000|[K]1,017,300,000
Italy | 130,800,000| 303,300,000| 397,800,000
Belgium | 75,100,000| 164,500,000| 181,600,000
Netherlands | 64,600,000| 115,900,000| 156,300,000
Austria-Hungary | 340,800,000| 419,800,000| 531,000,000
Australasia | [K]53,000,000| 161,600,000| [K]135,000,000
Denmark | 18,100,000| 27,200,000| 39,400,000
Sweden | 12,100,000| 34,500,000| 65,100,000
Norway | 11,500,000| 13,300,000| 18,400,000
----------------+--------------+--------------+----------------
Total | 4,590,030,000| 7,240,200,000| 9,288,800,000
----------------+--------------+--------------+----------------

[K] Exclusive of uncovered paper, for which no data is available.

Note.--The great increase in the use of capital in the manufacturing industries in recent years seems to justify the presentation of this table showing the general growth of money in the manufacturing countries.

Annual Average Gold Production of the World. 294

==============+===============++==============+==============
Period. | Gold--million || Period. | Gold--million
| dollars. || | dollars.
--------------+---------------++--------------+--------------
1493 to 1700 | 5.4 || 1901 to 1905 | 322.1
1701 to 1850 | 13.1 || 1906 | 400.3
1851 to 1890 | 120.2 || 1907 | 410.0
1891 to 1900 | 210.1 ||(estim.) 1908 | 444.0
--------------+---------------++--------------+--------------

The World’s Production of Pig Iron from 1800 to 1907.

[In gross tons of 2240 lbs.]

======+================+=================+============+
Year.| United | Great | Germany. |
| States. | Britain. | |
------+----------------+-----------------+------------+
| Tons. | Tons. | Tons. |
1800 | 40,000 | 190,000 | 40,000 |
1810 | 55,000 | 250,000 | 46,000 |
1820 | 20,000 | 400,000 | 90,000 |
1830 | 165,000 | 680,000 | 120,000 |
1840 | 287,000 | 1,390,000 | 170,000 |
1850 | 564,000 | 2,250,000 | 402,000 |
1860 | 820,000 | 3,830,000 | 530,000 |
1870 | 1,665,000 | 5,960,000 | 1,390,000 |
1880 | 3,835,000 | 7,750,000 | 2,730,000 |
1885 | 4,050,000 | 7,420,000 | 2,690,000 |
1889 | 7,603,000 | 8,250,000 | 4,530,000 |
1895 | 9,446,000 | 7,703,000 | 5,465,000 |
1896 | 8,623,000 | 8,660,000 | 6,271,000 |
1897 | 9,652,000 | 8,796,000 | 6,771,000 |
1898 | 11,773,000 | 8,610,000 | 7,196,000 |
1899 | 13,620,000 | 9,421,000 | 8,013,000 |
1900 | 13,789,000 | 8,960,000 | 8,384,000 |
1901 | 15,878,000 | 7,929,000 | 7,754,000 |
1902 | 17,821,000 | 8,680,000 | 8,395,000 |
1903 | 18,009,000 | 8,935,000 | 9,860.000 |
1904 | 16,497,000 | 8,694,000 | 9,899,000 |
1905 | 22,992,000 | 9,608,000 | 10,703,000 |
1906 | 25,307,000 | 10,109,000 | 12,099,000 |
1907 | 25,781,000 | 9,924,000 | 12,672,000 |
------+----------------+-----------------+------------+

======+================+================+=============
Year.| France. | Various. | Total.
| | |
------+----------------+----------------+-------------
| Tons. | Tons. | Tons.
1800 | 60,000 | 130,000 | 460,000
1810 | 85,000 | 180,000 | 616,000
1820 | 140,000 | 385,000 | 1,570,000
1830 | 220,000 | 480,000 | 2,677,000
1840 | 350,000 | 640,000 | 4,426,000
1850 | 570,000 | 270,000 | 920,000
1860 | 900,000 | 1,100,000 | 7,180,000
1870 | 1,180,000 | 1,710,000 | 11,905,000
1880 | 1,730,000 | 2,090,000 | 18,135,000
1885 | 1,630,000 | 2,310,000 | 18,100,000
1889 | 1,720,000 | 3,060,000 | 25,163,000
1895 | 2,006,000 | 4,247,000 | 28,867,000
1896 | 2,302,000 | 5,001,000 | 30,857,000
1897 | 2,444,000 | 5,267,000 | 32,930,000
1898 | 2,485,000 | 5,808,000 | 35,872,000
1899 | 2,537,000 | 6,464,000 | 40,055,000
1900 | 2,671,000 | 6,686,000 | 40,490,000
1901 | 2,351,000 | 6,886,000 | 40,798,000
1902 | 2,367,000 | 6,876,000 | 44,139,000
1903 | 2,796,000 | 6,677,000 | 46,277,000
1904 | 2,927,000 | 7,322,000 | 45,339,000
1905 | 3,028,000 | 7,569,000 | 53,900,000
1906 | 3,267,000 | 7,360,000 | 58,142,000
1907 | 3,532,000 | 7,591,000 |[L]59,500,000
------+----------------+----------------+-------------

[L] Preliminary estimate.

Note.--Official figures of the respective national statistical offices of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Figures for all other countries taken from the French and Swedish Mineral Statistics.

Commerce of the World since 1830.

[Aggregate of imports for consumption and domestic exports in millions of dollars.--Mulhall’s figures prior to 1890.]

========================+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+
Country. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850. | 1860. | 1870. |
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| | | | | |
United Kingdom | 422 | 547 | 811 | 1,800 | 2,625 |
France | 197 | 317 | 456 | 801 | 1,089 |
Germany | 220 | 249 | 336 | 624 | 1,017 |
Russia | 134 | 158 | 192 | 230 | 494 |
Austria-Hungary | 72 | 105 | 139 | 225 | 398 |
Italy | 96 | 144 | 182 | 249 | 317 |
Spain | 33 | 48 | 53 | 120 | 197 |
Portugal | 14 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 48 |
Holland and Belgium | 144 | 216 | 293 | 413 | 653 |
United States | 105 | 197 | 297 | 653 | 702 |
Spanish America | 168 | 230 | 336 | 451 | 648 |
India | 48 | 96 | 144 | 249 | 408 |
British colonies, other | 43 | 101 | 211 | 494 | 614 |
Other countries | 264 | 323 | 326 | 853 | 1,200 |
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
The world | 1,960 | 2,750 | 3,800 | 7,200 |10,500 |
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

========================+=======+=======+=======+=======+=========
Country. | 1880. | 1890. | 1897. | 1903. | 1907.
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------
| | | | |
United Kingdom | 3,350 | 3,552 | 3,389 | 4,056 | 5,217
France | 1,627 | 1,493 | 1,450 | 1,747 | 2,237
Germany | 1,411 | 1,761 | 1,996 | 2,621 | 3,681
Russia | 629 | 566 | 618 | 867 |[M][N]834
Austria-Hungary | 513 | 441 | 609 | 813 | 949
Italy | 437 | 451 | 438 | 652 | [M]821
Spain | 240 | 283 | 301 | 257 | [M]325
Portugal | 67 | 86 | 73 | 97 | [O]100
Holland and Belgium | 1,137 | 1,488 | 1,915 | 2,614 | [M]3,010
United States | 1,478 | 1,536 | 1,815 | 2,453 | 3,318
Spanish America | 768 | 797 | 826 | 965 | 1,802
India | 518 | 629 | 440 | 761 | [B]913
British colonies, other | 974 | 1,430 | 1,550 | 2,292 | [O]2,169
Other countries | 1,351 | 2,287 | 3,020 | 2,866 | [P]3,733
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------
The world |14,500 |16,800 |18,500 |23,061 | 29,109
------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------

[M] 1906.

[N] Trade over the European frontier only.

[O] 1904.

[P] Various years, 1904 to 1906.

Imports and Exports of Manufactures into and from the Principal 295 Countries of the World and the Share Which Manufactures Formed of their Total Commerce.

The Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor published in 1903 a series of tables showing the imports and exports of manufactures of the principal countries of the world and the share which manufactures formed, respectively, of the imports and exports of each of the countries named. The following is a summarization of that table:

================================+=======================+
| |
| Iron and Steel. |
| |
Countries. +-----------+-----------+
| Import. | Export. |
--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
Austria-Hungary (1901) |$13,942,000|$10,667,000|
Belgium (1902) | 19,083,000| 46,144,000|
Denmark (1901) | 9,415,000| 1,711,000|
France (1902) | 31,336,000| 42,238,000|
Germany (1901) | 42,186,000|207,951,000|
Italy (1901) | 31,318,000| 1,523,000|
Netherlands (1901) | 92,446,000| 58,045,000|
Portugal (1902) | 6,431,000| 249,000|
Russia-European frontier (1901) | 48,538,000| 818,000|
Spain (1902) | 19,448,000| 955,000|
Sweden (1902) | 11,916,000| 15,402,000|
Norway (1901) | 11,672,000| 963,000|
Switzerland (1902) | 17,366,000| 10,704,000|
United Kingdom (1902) | 74,685,000|298,945,000|
United States (1903) | 51,617,000| 96,642,000|
Canada (1902) | 34,727,000| -- |
Mexico (1901) | 18,457,000| -- |
Argentina (1902) | 18,343,000| -- |
Brazil (1901) | 7,034,000| -- |
China (1902) | 4,721,000| -- |
Japan (1902) | 13,878,000| -- |
India (1902) | 54,302,000| -- |
Australia (1901) | 36,066,000| -- |
New Zealand (1900) | 12,088,000| -- |
--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
================================+=======================+
| |
| Textiles. |
| |
Countries. +-----------+-----------+
| Import. | Export. |
--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
Austria-Hungary (1901) |$34,696,000|$27,659,000|
Belgium (1902) | 21,652,000| 41,722,000|
Denmark (1901) | 12,699,000| 245,000|
France (1902) | 44,611,000|188,338,000|
Germany (1901) | 65,290,000|204,789,000|
Italy (1901) | 17,116,000| 36,399,000|
Netherlands (1901) | 41,172,000| 29,668,000|
Portugal (1902) | 7,253,000| 1,171,000|
Russia-European frontier (1901) | 23,728,000| 9,942,000|
Spain (1902) | 11,032,000| 6,977,000|
Sweden (1902) | 13,306,000| 796,000|
Norway (1901) | 8,886,000| 257,000|
Switzerland (1902) | 27,205,000| 76,447,000|
United Kingdom (1902) |175,194,000|547,325,000|
United States (1903) |146,202,000| 39,641,000|
Canada (1902) | 10,060,000| -- |
Mexico (1901) | 10,294,000| -- |
Argentina (1902) | 28,700,000| -- |
Brazil (1901) | 14,032,000| -- |
China (1902) | 79,580,000| -- |
Japan (1902) | 15,380,000| 31,729,000|
India (1902) |125,356,000| -- |
Australia (1901) | 54,540,000| -- |
New Zealand (1900) | 12,821,000| -- |
--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
================================+========================+
| |
| Other Manufactures. |
| |
Countries. +-----------+------------+
| Import. | Export. |
--------------------------------+-----------+------------+
Austria-Hungary (1901) |$65,350,000|$149,038,000|
Belgium (1902) | 63,475,000| 90,974,000|
Denmark (1901) | 17,741,000| 1,926,000|
France (1902) |136,645,000| 278,227,000|
Germany (1901) |259,193,000| 411,311,000|
Italy (1901) | 53,305,000| 37,451,000|
Netherlands (1901) |108,121,000| 143,797,000|
Portugal (1902) | 10,302,000| 1,946,000|
Russia-European frontier (1901) | 85,900,000| 45,309,000|
Spain (1902) | 27,463,000| 33,398,000|
Sweden (1902) | 26,613,000| 23,221,000|
Norway (1901) | 13,037,000| 10,863,000|
Switzerland (1902) | 48,478,000| 47,960,000|
United Kingdom (1902) |478,821,000| 294,861,000|
United States (1903) |369,310,000| 654,860,000|
Canada (1902) | 67,719,000| 18,076,000|
Mexico (1901) | 18,170,000| 9,178,000|
Argentina (1902) | 20,674,000| 704,000|
Brazil (1901) | 21,954,000| 43,000|
China (1902) | 56,239,000| -- |
Japan (1902) | 39,637,000| 28,173,000|
India (1902) | 74,123,000| -- |
Australia (1901) | 65,598.000| 13,754,000|
New Zealand (1900) | 16,732,000| 970,000|
--------------------------------+-----------+------------+
================================+=========================+===============
| | Percent which
| Total Manufactures. | manufactures
| | form of total.
Countries. +------------+------------+-------+-------
| Import. | Export. |Import.|Export.
--------------------------------+------------+------------+-------+-------
Austria-Hungary (1901) |$113,988,000|$187,364,000| 32.63 | 48.35
Belgium (1902) | 104,210,000| 178,840,000| 23.72 | 49.89
Denmark (1901) | 39,855,000| 3,882,000| 37.47 | 4.96
France (1902) | 212,592,000| 508,803,000| 24.95 | 62.22
Germany (1901) | 366,669,000| 824,051,000| 28.42 | 78.13
Italy (1901) | 101,739,000| 75,373,000| 30.68 | 28.50
Netherlands (1901) | 241,739,000| 231,510,000| 29.54 | 33.27
Portugal (1902) | 23,986,000| 3,366,000| 39.96 | 10.96
Russia-European frontier (1901) | 158,166,000| 56,069,000| 56.37 | 14.45
Spain (1902) | 57,943,000| 41,330,000| 37.60 | 29.04
Sweden (1902) | 51,835,000| 39,419,000| 42.08 | 41.61
Norway (1901) | 33,595,000| 12,083,000| 43.46 | 28.78
Switzerland (1902) | 93,049,000| 135,111,000| 42.72 | 80.07
United Kingdom (1902) | 728,700,000|1141,131,000| 27.92 | 82.70
United States (1903) | 570,129,000| 791,143,000| 55.58 | 56.83
Canada (1902) | 112,506,000| 18,076,000| 57.26 | 10.47
Mexico (1901) | 46,921,000| 9,178,000| 75.11 | 27.78
Argentina (1902) | 67,717,000| 704,000| 68.13 | .41
Brazil (1901) | 43,020,000| 43,000| 44.87 | --
China (1902) | 140,540,000| -- | 71.36 | --
Japan (1902) | 69,895,000| 59,902,000| 51.73 | 47.05
India (1902) | 253,781,000| -- | 88.15 | --
Australia (1901) | 156,204,000| 13,754,000| 76.35 | 10.23
New Zealand (1900) | 41,641,000| 970,000| 83.82 | 1.72
--------------------------------+------------+------------+-------+-------

The Manufacturing Industry of the United States, 1850 to 1905, showing 296 Value of Product, Capital Invested, Wage-Earners Employed, Wages Paid, and Number of Establishments in each census year in the period under consideration.

[From official records of the United States Census Office.]

-----------------------------------------+------------------------------
| Date of Census. |
+--------------+--------------+
| | |
| 1850 | 1860 |
| | |
-----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+
Number of establishments | 123,025| 140,433|
Capital | $533,245,351|$1,009,855,715|
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] |
Salaries | [S] | [S] |
Wage-earners, average number | 957,059| 1,311,246|
Total wages | $236,755,464| $378,878,966|
Men, 16 years and over | 731,137| 1,040,349|
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Women, 16 years and over | 2,225,922| 270,897|
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Children, under 16 years | [S] | [S] |
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] |
Cost of materials used | $555,123,822|$1,031,605,092|
Value of products, including | | |
custom work and repairing. |$1,019,106,616|$1,885,861,676|
=========================================+==============+==============+
-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Date of Census. |
+--------------+--------------+
| | |
| 1870 | 1880 |
| | |
-----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+
Number of establishments | 252,148| 253,852|
Capital |$2,118,208,769 $2,790,272,606|
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] |
Salaries | [S] | [S] |
Wage-earners, average number | 2,053,996| 2,732,595|
Total wages | $775,584,343| $947,953,795|
Men, 16 years and over | 1,615,598| 2,019,035|
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Women, 16 years and over | 323,770| 531,639|
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Children, under 16 years | 114,628| 181,921 |
Wages | [S] | [S] |
Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] |
Cost of materials used |$2,488,427,242|$3,396,823,549|
Value of products, including | | |
custom work and repairing. |$4,232,325,442|$5,369,579,191|
=========================================+==============+==============+
-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Date of Census. |
+-----------------+---------------+
| | |
| 1890 | 1900.[Q] |
| | |
-----------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
Number of establishments | 355,475 | 512,254|
Capital |$6,525,156,486 | $9,817,434,799|
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | 461,609[R]| 396,759|
Salaries | $391,988,208[R]| $403,711,233|
Wage-earners, average number | 4,251,613 | 5,308,406|
Total wages |$1,891,228,321 | $2,322,333,877|
Men, 16 years and over | 3,327,042 | 4,110,527|
Wages |$1,659,234,483 | $2,016,677,789|
Women, 16 years and over | 803,686 | 1,029,296|
Wages | $215,367,976 | $279,994,396|
Children, under 16 years | 120,885 | 168,583|
Wages | $16,625,862 | $25,661,692|
Miscellaneous expenses | $631,225,035 | $1,027,775,778|
Cost of materials used |$5,162,044,076 | $7,345,413,651|
Value of products, including | | |
custom work and repairing. |$9,372,437,283 |$13,004,400,143|
=========================================+=================+===============+
-----------------------------------------+---------------+
|Date of Census.|
+---------------+
| |
| 1905. |
| |
-----------------------------------------+---------------+
Number of establishments | 588,769|
Capital |$13,872,035,371|
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | 566,175|
Salaries | $609,200,251|
Wage-earners, average number | 6,152,443|
Total wages | $3,014,389,372|
Men, 16 years and over | 4,792,874|
Wages | $2,629,747,837|
Women, 16 years and over | 1,194,083|
Wages | $356,992,855|
Children, under 16 years | 167,066|
Wages | $29,228,667|
Miscellaneous expenses | $1,651,603,535|
Cost of materials used | $9,497,619,851|
Value of products, including | |
custom work and repairing. |$16,866,706,985|
=========================================+===============+
-----------------------------------------+---------------------
|Per cent of Increase.
+------+------+------+
| 1850 | 1860 | 1870 |
| to | to | to |
| 1860 | 1870 | 1880 |
-----------------------------------------+------+------+------+
Number of establishments | 14.1 | 79.6| 0.7 |
Capital | 89.4 | 109.3| 31.7 |
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | -- | -- | -- |
Salaries | -- | -- | -- |
Wage-earners, average number | 37.0 | 56.6| 33.0 |
Total wages | 60.0 | 104.7| 22.2 |
Men, 16 years and over | 42.3 | 55.3| 25.0 |
Wages | -- | -- | -- |
Women, 16 years and over | 19.9 | 19.5| 64.2 |
Wages | -- | -- | -- |
Children, under 16 years | -- | -- | 58.7 |
Wages | -- | -- | -- |
Miscellaneous expenses | -- | -- | -- |
Cost of materials used | 85.8 | 141.2| 36.5 |
Value of products, including | | | |
custom work and repairing. | 85.1 | 124.4| 26.9 |
=========================================+======+======+======+
-----------------------------------------+-----------------------
|Per cent of Increase.
+--------+--------+-----
| 1880 | 1890 | 1900
| to | to | to
| 1890 | 1900 | 1910
-----------------------------------------+--------+--------+-----
Number of establishments | 40.0 | 44.1 | 4.2
Capital |133.9 | 50.5 | 41.3
Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | -- | 13.9[T]| 42.7
Salaries | -- | 3.0 | 50.9
Wage-earners, average number | 55.6 | 24.9 | 15.9
Total wages | 99.5 | 22.8 | 29.8
Men, 16 years and over | 64.8 | 23.5 | 16.6
Wages | -- | 21.5 | 30.4
Women, 16 years and over | 51.2 | 28.1 | 16.0
Wages | -- | 30.0 | 27.5
Children, under 16 years | 33.6[T]| 39.5 | 0.9
Wages | -- | 54.3 | 13.9
Miscellaneous expenses | -- | 62.8 | 60.7
Cost of materials used | 52.0 | 42.3 | 29.3
Value of products, including | | |
custom work and repairing. | 74.5 | 38.8 | 29.7
=========================================+========+========+=====

[Q] Includes, for comparative purposes, 85 governmental
establishments in the District of Columbia having products
valued at $9,887,355, the statistics of such establishments for
1890 not being separable. Totals for 1900 and 1905 are exclusive
of statistics for governmental establishments and for Hawaii.

[R] Includes proprietors and firm members, with their salaries;
number only reported in 1900, but not included in this table.

[S] Not reported separately.

[T] Decrease.

[U] Not reported.

Manufactures in the U. S.: Gross and Net Values of Products, Census 297 Years 1900 and 1905, by Industry Groups.

The gross value of manufactures as reported by the census contains many duplications because the finished products of some factories frequently become the material for other factories. In this way not only one but several duplications of the cost of materials often occur. The net value of productions eliminates these duplications by deducting from the gross value the cost of all materials which have undergone any process of manufacture covered by the census reports on manufactures. For further explanation of the relation of “gross” and “net” values, see page 211.

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

==================================+========================================+
| 1900.[V] |
+--------------------+-------------------+
Group. | Gross. | Net. |
+--------------+-----+-------------+-----+
| Value. |Rank.| Value. |Rank.|
| Dollars. | | Dollars. | |
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+-------------+-----+
Food and kindred products | 2,273,880,874| 1 |1,750,811,817| 1 |
Textiles | 1,637,484,484| 3 |1,081,961,248| 2 |
Iron and steel and their products | 1,793,490,908| 2 | 983,821,918| 3 |
Lumber and its remanufactures | 1,030,695,350| 5 | 547,227,860| 6 |
Leather and its finished products | 583,731,046| 9 | 329,614,996| 11 |
Paper and printing | 606,317,768| 8 | 419,798,101| 7 |
Liquors and beverages | 425,504,167| 12 | 349,157,618| 10 |
Chemicals and allied products | 552,797,877| 10 | 372,538,857| 8 |
Clay, glass, and stone products | 293,564,235| 13 | 245,447,118| 14 |
Metals and metal products,
other than iron & steel | 748,795,464| 7 | 371,154,446| 9 |
Tobacco | 283,076,546| 14 | 264,052,573| 12 |
Vehicles for land transportation | 508,524,510| 11 | 250,622,377| 13 |
Shipbuilding | 74,578,158| 15 | 42,492,518| 15 |
Miscellaneous industries | 1,004,092,294| 6 | 638,191,538| 5 |
Hand trades | 1,183,615,478| 4 | 721,104,859| 4 |
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+-------------+-----+
Total |13,000,149,159| -- |8,367,997,844| -- |
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+-------------+-----+
==================================+=========================================
| 1905.
+--------------------+--------------------
Group. | Gross. | Net.
+--------------+-----+--------------+-----
| Value. |Rank.| Value. |Rank.
| Dollars. | | Dollars. |
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+--------------+-----
Food and kindred products | 2,845,234,900| 1 | 2,176,489,626| 1
Textiles | 2,147,441,418| 3 | 1,397,009,940| 2
Iron and steel and their products | 2,176,739,726| 2 | 1,239,490,273| 3
Lumber and its remanufactures | 1,223,730,336| 4 | 805,315,333| 4
Leather and its finished products | 705,747,470| 9 | 401,011,414| 10
Paper and printing | 857,112,256| 8 | 596,872,350| 7
Liquors and beverages | 501,266,605| 11 | 431,735,208| 9
Chemicals and allied products | 1,031,965,263| 5 | 714,489,549| 5
Clay, glass, and stone products | 391,230,422| 12 | 334,971,057| 11
Metals and metal products,
other than iron & steel | 922,262,456| 7 | 442,912,699| 8
Tobacco | 331,117,681| 13 | 307,100,175| 13
Vehicles for land transportation | 643,924,442| 10 | 324,109,901| 12
Shipbuilding | 82,769,239| 14 | 46,707,258| 14
Miscellaneous industries | 941,604,873| 6 | 602,990,604| 6
Hand trades | [W] | [W] | [W] | [W]
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+--------------+-----
Total |14,802,147,087| -- | 9,821,205,387| --
----------------------------------+--------------+-----+--------------+-----

[V] The figures of production for 1900 exclude 10 lumber
establishments reported for Alaska with products valued at
$4,250,984.

[W] “Hand trades” not included in the Census of 1905.

Manufactures: Percentage Distribution, by Groups of States, Census 298 Years 1850 to 1905.

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

=====================+==========+========+===============+
| | | Wage-earners. |
Group of States and |Establish-|Capital.+-------+-------+
census years.[X] | ments. | |Average| |
| | |number.| Wages.|
---------------------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Per | Per | Per | Per |
| cent. | cent. | cent. | cent. |
| | | | |
New England States: | | | | |
1850 | 18.3 | 31.1 | 32.7 | 31.8 |
1860 | 14.7 | 25.5 | 29.9 | 27.5 |
1870 | 12.8 | 23.1 | 25.7 | 27.2 |
1880 | 12.4 | 22.4 | 23.7 | 23.9 |
1890 | 13.6 | 18.0 | 19.3 | 19.0 |
1900 | 10.9 | 16.8 | 18.1 | 18.3 |
1905 | 10.3 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 16.8 |
Middle States: | | | | |
1850 | 43.9 | 44.2 | 43.9 | 44.3 |
1860 | 37.9 | 43.1 | 41.6 | 40.2 |
1870 | 34.7 | 42.7 | 39.2 | 41.4 |
1880 | 35.3 | 42.1 | 41.7 | 42.8 |
1890 | 35.2 | 39.2 | 38.5 | 40.8 |
1900 | 34.1 | 40.7 | 36.6 | 38.4 |
1905 | 33.6 | 39.5 | 36.7 | 37.3 |
Southern States: | | | | |
1850 | 16.7 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 9.5 |
1860 | 17.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 9.2 |
1870 | 15.4 | 6.6 | 9.1 | 5.8 |
1880 | 14.6 | 6.9 | 8.2 | 5.6 |
1890 | 13.1 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 7.1 |
1900 | 15.1 | 9.0 | 13.3 | 9.2 |
1905 | 15.3 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 10.7 |
Central States: | | | | |
1850 | 20.2 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 12.7 |
1860 | 23.4 | 17.1 | 14.2 | 14.9 |
1870 | 33.5 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 22.6 |
1880 | 32.3 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 24.1 |
1890 | 31.8 | 29.7 | 28.2 | 27.6 |
1900 | 32.0 | 27.8 | 27.4 | 28.3 |
1905 | 31.3 | 28.2 | 27.0 | 28.4 |
Western States: | | | | |
1850 | [Y] | [Y] | [Y] | [Y] |
1860 | .5 | .4 | .3 | .4 |
1870 | 1.5 | 1.0 | .8 | 1.1 |
1880 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
1890 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
1900 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
1905 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.7 |
Pacific States: | | | | |
1850 | .9 | .3 | .4 | 1.7 |
1860 | 6.3 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 7.8 |
1870 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.9 |
1880 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
1890 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 |
1900 | 4.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.2 |
1905 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 4.1 |
Alaska: | | | | |
1890 | [Y] | [Y] | [Y] | [Y] |
1900 | [Y] | .1 | [Y] | .1 |
1905 | .1 | .1 | [Y] | [Y] |
---------------------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
=====================+=========+=========+=========
| | |
Group of States and | Miscel- | Cost of | Value
census years.[X] | laneous |materials| of
|expenses.| used. |products.
---------------------+---------+---------+---------
| Per | Per | Per
| cent. | cent. | cent.
| | |
New England States: | | |
1850 | -- | 27.6 | 27.8
1860 | -- | 23.8 | 24.8
1870 | -- | 24.3 | 23.8
1880 | -- | 19.4 | 20.6
1890 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 16.0
1900 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.6
1905 | 11.5 | 13.1 | 13.7
Middle States: | | |
1850 | -- | 47.9 | 46.4
1860 | -- | 43.1 | 42.5
1870 | -- | 41.7 | 41.8
1880 | -- | 41.1 | 41.3
1890 | 36.3 | 38.1 | 38.9
1900 | 39.1 | 37.6 | 38.1
1905 | 38.7 | 37.0 | 37.3
Southern States: | | |
1850 | -- | 9.5 | 9.9
1860 | -- | 10.6 | 10.3
1870 | -- | 6.5 | 6.6
1880 | -- | 6.3 | 6.3
1890 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.5
1900 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.9
1905 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.5
Central States: | | |
1850 | -- | 14.5 | 14.3
1860 | -- | 19.5 | 18.1
1870 | -- | 24.9 | 24.9
1880 | -- | 29.4 | 28.0
1890 | 34.7 | 32.5 | 31.4
1900 | 35.6 | 31.4 | 30.9
1905 | 34.3 | 30.7 | 30.5
Western States: | | |
1850 | -- | .1 | .1
1860 | -- | .2 | .4
1870 | -- | 1.0 | 1.1
1880 | -- | 1.4 | 1.4
1890 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.0
1900 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 4.3
1905 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 4.3
Pacific States: | | |
1850 | -- | .4 | 1.5
1860 | -- | 2.8 | 3.9
1870 | -- | 1.6 | 1.8
1880 | -- | 2.4 | 2.4
1890 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2
1900 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.2
1905 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.7
Alaska: | | |
1890 | [Y] | [Y] | [Y]
1900 | [Y] | [Y] | [Y]
1905 | .1 | [Y] | [Y]
---------------------+---------+---------+---------

[X] New England States: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. Middle States: New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of
Columbia. Southern States: Virginia, West Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee,
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Indian Territory,
Oklahoma, Texas. Central States: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri. Western States:
Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,
Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Arizona, New Mexico. Pacific
States: Washington, Oregon, California.

[Y] Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.

Summary of Manufactures in the U. S., by States and Territories, 299 Census Years 1900 and 1905.

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]

=================+======+==========+==============+=======================+
| | | | Wage-earners. |
State or |Census|Number of | +---------+-------------+
Territory. | year.|establish-| Capital. | Average | Total |
| | ments. | | number. | wages. |
| | | | | |
-----------------+------+----------+--------------+---------+-------------+
| | | Dollars. | | Dollars. |
United States | 1900 | 207,562 | 8,978,825,200|4,715,023|2,009,735,799|
| 1905 | 216,262 |12,686,265,673|5,470,321|2,611,540,532|
=================+======+==========+==============+=========+=============+
Alabama | 1900 | 2,000 | 60,165,904| 52,711| 14,911,683|
| 1905 | 1,882 | 105,382,859| 62,173| 21,878,451|
Alaska | 1900 | 48 | 3,568,704| 2,260| 1,374,680|
| 1905 | 82 | 10,684,799| 1,938| 1,095,579|
Arizona | 1900 | 154 | 9,517,578| 3,126| 2,287,352|
| 1905 | 169 | 14,395,654| 4,793| 3,969,248|
Arkansas | 1900 | 1,746 | 25,384,636| 31,525| 10,184,154|
| 1905 | 1,907 | 46,306,116| 33,089| 14,543,635|
California | 1900 | 4,997 | 175,467,806| 77,224| 39,889,997|
| 1905 | 6,839 | 282,647,201| 100,355| 64,656,686|
Colorado | 1900 | 1,323 | 58,172,865| 19,498| 11,707,566|
| 1905 | 1,606 | 107,663,500| 21,813| 15,100,365|
Connecticut | 1900 | 3,382 | 299,206,925| 159,733| 73,394,062|
| 1905 | 3,477 | 373,283,580| 181,605| 87,942,628|
Delaware | 1900 | 633 | 38,791,402| 20,562| 8,457,003|
| 1905 | 631 | 50,925,630| 18,475| 8,158,203|
Dist. of Columbia| 1900 | 491 | 17,960,498| 6,155| 3,022,906|
| 1905 | 482 | 20,199,783| 6,299| 3,658,370|
Florida | 1900 | 1,275 | 25,682,171| 35,471| 10,916,443|
| 1905 | 1,413 | 32,971,982| 42,091| 15,767,182|
Georgia | 1900 | 3,015 | 79,303,316| 83,336| 19,958,153|
| 1905 | 3,219 | 135,211,551| 92,749| 27,392,442|
Idaho | 1900 | 287 | 2,130,112| 1,552| 818,239|
| 1905 | 364 | 9,689,445| 3,061| 2,059,391|
Illinois | 1900 | 14,374 | 732,829,771| 332,871| 159,104,179|
| 1905 | 14,921 | 975,844,799| 379,436| 208,405,468|
Indian Territory | 1900 | 179 | 1,591,953| 1,087| 379,188|
| 1905 | 466 | 5,016,654| 2,257| 1,144,078|
Indiana | 1900 | 7,128 | 219,321,080| 139,017| 59,280,131|
| 1905 | 7,044 | 312,071,234| 154,174| 72,058,099|
Iowa | 1900 | 4,828 | 85,667,334| 44,420| 18,020,653|
| 1905 | 4,785 | 111,427,429| 49,481| 22,997,053|
Kansas | 1900 | 2,299 | 59,458,256| 27,119| 12,802,096|
| 1905 | 2,475 | 88,680,117| 35,570| 18,883,071|
Kentucky | 1900 | 3,648 | 87,995,822| 51,735| 18,454,252|
| 1905 | 3,734 | 147,282,478| 59,794| 24,438,684|
Louisiana | 1900 | 1,826 | 100,874,729| 40,878| 14,725,437|
| 1905 | 2,091 | 150,810,608| 55,859| 25,315,750|
Maine | 1900 | 2,878 | 114,007,715| 69,914| 25,730,735|
| 1905 | 3,145 | 143,707,750| 74,958| 32,691,759|
Maryland | 1900 | 3,886 | 149,155,313| 94,170| 32,414,429|
| 1905 | 3,852 | 201,877,966| 94,174| 36,144,244|
Massachusetts | 1900 | 10,929 | 781,867,715| 438,234| 195,278,276|
| 1905 | 10,723 | 965,948,887| 488,399| 232,388,946|
Michigan | 1900 | 7,310 | 246,996,529| 155,800| 62,531,812|
| 1905 | 7,446 | 337,894,102| 175,229| 81,278,837|
Minnesota | 1900 | 4,096 | 133,076,669| 64,557| 29,029,190|
| 1905 | 4,756 | 184,903,271| 69,636| 35,843,145|
Mississippi | 1900 | 1,294 | 22,712,186| 26,799| 7,909,607|
| 1905 | 1,520 | 50,256,309| 38,690| 14,819,034|
Missouri | 1900 | 6,853 | 223,781,088| 107,704| 46,713,734|
| 1905 | 6,464 | 379,368,827| 133,167| 66,644,126|
Montana | 1900 | 395 | 38,224,915| 9,854| 7,376,822|
| 1905 | 382 | 52,589,810| 8,957| 8,652,217|
Nebraska | 1900 | 1,695 | 65,906,052| 18,669| 8,842,429|
| 1905 | 1,819 | 80,235,310| 20,260| 11,022,149|
Nevada | 1900 | 99 | 1,251,208| 504| 352,606|
| 1905 | 115 | 2,891,997| 802| 693,407|
New Hampshire | 1900 | 1,771 | 92,146,025| 67,646| 25,849,631|
| 1905 | 1,618 | 109,495,072| 65,366| 27,693,203|
New Jersey | 1900 | 6,415 | 477,301,565| 213,975| 95,164,913|
| 1905 | 7,010 | 715,060,174| 266,336| 128,168,801|
New Mexico | 1900 | 174 | 2,160,718| 2,490| 1,199,496|
| 1905 | 199 | 4,638,248| 3,478| 2,153,068|
New York | 1900 | 35,957 | 1,523,502,651| 726,909| 337,323,585|
| 1905 | 37,194 | 2,031,459,515| 856,947| 430,014,851|
North Carolina | 1900 | 3,465 | 68,283,005| 72,322| 14,051,784|
| 1905 | 3,272 | 141,000,639| 85,339| 21,375,294|
North Dakota | 1900 | 337 | 3,511,968| 1,358| 671,321|
| 1905 | 507 | 5,703,837| 1,755| 1,031,307|
Ohio | 1900 | 13,868 | 570,908,968| 308,109| 136,427,579|
| 1905 | 13,785 | 856,988,830| 364,298| 182,429,425|
Oklahoma | 1900 | 316 | 2,462,438| 1,294| 514,879|
| 1905 | 657 | 11,107,763| 3,199| 1,655,324|
Oregon | 1900 | 1,406 | 28,359,089| 14,459| 6,822,011|
| 1905 | 1,602 | 44,023,548| 18,523| 11,443,512|
Pennsylvania | 1900 | 23,462 | 1,449,814,740| 663,960| 296,875,548|
| 1905 | 23,495 | 1,995,836,988| 763,282| 367,960,890|
Rhode Island | 1900 | 1,678 | 176,901,606| 88,197| 35,995,101|
| 1905 | 1,617 | 215,901,375| 97,318| 43,112,637|
South Carolina | 1900 | 1,369 | 62,750,027| 47,025| 9,130,269|
| 1905 | 1,399 | 113,422,224| 59,441| 13,868,950|
South Dakota | 1900 | 624 | 6,051,288| 2,224| 1,129,787|
| 1905 | 686 | 7,585,142| 2,492| 1,421,680|
Tennessee | 1900 | 3,116 | 63,140,657| 45,963| 14,727,506|
| 1905 | 3,175 | 102,439,481| 60,572| 22,805,628|
Texas | 1900 | 3,107 | 63,655,616| 38,604| 16,911,681|
| 1905 | 3,158 | 115,664,871| 49,066| 24,468,942|
Utah | 1900 | 575 | 13,219,039| 5,413| 2,762,522|
| 1905 | 606 | 26,004,011| 8,052| 5,157,400|
Vermont | 1900 | 1,938 | 43,499,633| 28,179| 11,426,548|
| 1905 | 1,699 | 62,658,741| 33,106| 15,221,059|
Virginia | 1900 | 3,186 | 92,299,589| 66,223| 20,273,889|
| 1905 | 3,187 | 147,989,182| 80,285| 27,943,058|
Washington | 1900 | 1,926 | 41,574,744| 31,523| 17,065,140|
| 1905 | 2,751 | 96,952,621| 45,199| 30,087,287|
West Virginia | 1900 | 1,824 | 49,103,138| 33,080| 12,639,856|
| 1905 | 2,109 | 86,820,823| 43,758| 21,153,042|
Wisconsin | 1900 | 7,841 | 286,060,566| 137,525| 55,695,816|
| 1905 | 8,558 | 412,647,051| 151,391| 71,471,805|
Wyoming | 1900 | 139 | 2,047,883| 2,060| 1,209,123|
| 1905 | 169 | 2,695,889| 1,834| 1,261,122|
-----------------+------+----------+--------------+---------+-------------+
=================+======+==============+==============
| | | Value of
State or |Census| Cost of | products,
Territory. | year.| materials | including
| | used. | custom work
| | |and repairing.
-----------------+------+--------------+--------------
| | Dollars. | Dollars.
United States | 1900 | 6,577,614,074|11,411,121,122
| 1905 | 8,503,949,756|14,802,147,087
=================+======+==============+==============
Alabama | 1900 | 37,998,233| 72,109,929
| 1905 | 60,458,368| 109,169,922
Alaska | 1900 | 1,762,583| 4,194,421
| 1905 | 3,741,946| 8,244,524
Arizona | 1900 | 7,876,542| 20,438,987
| 1905 | 14,595,057| 28,083,192
Arkansas | 1900 | 18,288,045| 39,887,578
| 1905 | 21,799,346| 53,864,394
California | 1900 | 164,894,269| 257,385,521
| 1905 | 215,726,414| 367,218,494
Colorado | 1900 | 60,750,784| 89,067,879
| 1905 | 63,114,397| 100,143,999
Connecticut | 1900 | 169,671,648| 315,106,150
| 1905 | 191,801,881| 369,082,091
Delaware | 1900 | 24,725,317| 41,321,061
| 1905 | 24,883,806| 41,160,276
Dist. of Columbia| 1900 | 7,475,216| 16,426,408
| 1905 | 7,731,971| 18,359,159
Florida | 1900 | 12,847,187| 34,183,509
| 1905 | 16,532,439| 50,298,290
Georgia | 1900 | 49,356,296| 94,532,368
| 1905 | 83,624,504| 151,040,455
Idaho | 1900 | 1,438,868| 3,001,442
| 1905 | 4,068,523| 8,768,743
Illinois | 1900 | 681,450,122| 1,120,868,308
| 1905 | 840,057,316| 1,410,342,129
Indian Territory | 1900 | 1,697,829| 2,629,067
| 1905 | 4,848,646| 7,909,451
Indiana | 1900 | 195,162,566| 337,071,630
| 1905 | 220,507,007| 393,954,405
Iowa | 1900 | 85,778,867| 132,870,865
| 1905 | 102,843,892| 160,572,313
Kansas | 1900 | 120,737,677| 154,008,544
| 1905 | 156,509,949| 198,244,992
Kentucky | 1900 | 67,406,202| 126,508,660
| 1905 | 86,545,464| 159,753,968
Louisiana | 1900 | 75,403,937| 111,397,919
| 1905 | 117,035,305| 186,379,592
Maine | 1900 | 61,210,327| 112,959,098
| 1905 | 80,042,090| 144,020,197
Maryland | 1900 | 129,354,412| 211,076,143
| 1905 | 150,024,066| 243,375,996
Massachusetts | 1900 | 498,655,033| 907,626,439
| 1905 | 626,410,431| 1,124,092,051
Michigan | 1900 | 175,966,128| 319,691,856
| 1905 | 230,080,931| 429,120,060
Minnesota | 1900 | 150,299,277| 223,692,922
| 1905 | 210,553,949| 307,858,073
Mississippi | 1900 | 16,543,029| 33,718,517
| 1905 | 25,800,885| 57,451,445
Missouri | 1900 | 184,189,030| 316,304,095
| 1905 | 252,258,417| 439,548,957
Montana | 1900 | 30,068,101| 52,744,997
| 1905 | 40,930,060| 66,415,452
Nebraska | 1900 | 95,925,178| 130,302,453
| 1905 | 124,051,628| 154,918,220
Nevada | 1900 | 662,284| 1,261,005
| 1905 | 1,627,776| 3,096,274
New Hampshire | 1900 | 60,163,380| 107,590,803
| 1905 | 73,216,387| 123,610,904
New Jersey | 1900 | 334,726,094| 553,005,684
| 1905 | 470,449,176| 774,369,025
New Mexico | 1900 | 1,998,593| 4,060,924
| 1905 | 2,235,934| 5,705,880
New York | 1900 | 1,018,377,186| 1,871,830,872
| 1905 | 1,348,603,286| 2,488,345,579
North Carolina | 1900 | 44,854,224| 85,274,083
| 1905 | 79,268,004| 142,520,776
North Dakota | 1900 | 4,150,860| 6,259,840
| 1905 | 7,095,986| 10,217,914
Ohio | 1900 | 409,302,501| 748,670,855
| 1905 | 527,636,585| 960,811,857
Oklahoma | 1900 | 3,732,618| 5,504,869 300
| 1905 | 11,545,306| 16,549,656
Oregon | 1900 | 20,788,833| 36,592,714
| 1905 | 30,596,763| 55,525,123
Pennsylvania | 1900 | 958,301,272| 1,649,882,380
| 1905 | 1,142,942,707| 1,955,551,332
Rhode Island | 1900 | 87,951,780| 165,550,382
| 1905 | 112,872,261| 202,109,583
South Carolina | 1900 | 30,485,861| 53,335,811
| 1905 | 49,968,626| 79,376,262
South Dakota | 1900 | 6,483,677| 9,529,946
| 1905 | 8,696,831| 13,085,333
Tennessee | 1900 | 54,559,039| 92,749,129
| 1905 | 79,351,746| 137,960,476
Texas | 1900 | 54,388,303| 92,894,433
| 1905 | 91,603,630| 150,528,389
Utah | 1900 | 11,440,250| 17,981,648
| 1905 | 24,939,827| 38,926,464
Vermont | 1900 | 26,384,812| 51,515,228
| 1905 | 32,429,852| 63,083,611
Virginia | 1900 | 59,359,484| 108,644,150
| 1905 | 83,649,149| 148,856,525
Washington | 1900 | 38,276,944| 70,831,345
| 1905 | 66,166,165| 128,821,667
West Virginia | 1900 | 37,228,253| 67,006,822
| 1905 | 54,419,206| 99,040,676
Wisconsin | 1900 | 185,695,393| 326,752,878
| 1905 | 227,255,092| 411,139,681
Wyoming | 1900 | 1,369,730| 3,268,555
| 1905 | 1,300,773| 3,523,260
-----------------+------+--------------+--------------

Chief Manufacturing Industries of the United States, Showing Sums Paid 301 in Wages, Number of Employes, Capital Invested and Value of Product, 1880 to 1905.

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]