Chapter XII: Part 12

PHYLLOPHAGOUS, fi-lof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on leaves.--_n._ a member of the PHYLLOPH'AGA, a tribe of hymenopterous insects--the saw-flies: a group of lamellicorn beetles which are leaf-eaters--the chafers.

PHYLLOPHOROUS, fi-lof'[=o]-rus, _adj._ producing leaves: (_zool._) having leaf-like organs.

PHYLLOPOD, fil'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having foliaceous feet--also PHYLLOP'ODOUS.--_n._ a crustacean of the order _Phyllopoda_.--_adj._ PHYLLOPOD'IFORM.

PHYLLORHINE, fil'[=o]-rin, _adj._ having a nose-leaf.

PHYLLOSTOMATOUS, fil-[=o]-stom'a-tus, _adj._ leaf-nosed, as a bat.--_n._ PHYLL'OSTOME, a leaf-nosed bat.--_adj._ PHYLLOS'TOMINE, leaf-nosed.

PHYLLOTAXIS, fil-[=o]-tak'sis, _n._ the disposition of leaves on the stem.--Also PHYLL'OTAXY. [Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _taxis_, arrangement.]

PHYLLOXERA, fil-ok-s[=e]'ra, _n._ a genus of insects, belonging to a family nearly related to aphides and coccus insects, very destructive to vines. [Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _x[=e]ros_, dry.]

PHYLOGENY, f[=i]-loj'e-ni, _n._ a biological term applied to the evolution or genealogical history of a race or tribe--also PHYLOGEN'ESIS.--_adv._ PHYLOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ PHYLOGEN'IC, PHYLOGENET'IC. [Gr. _phylon_, race, _genesis_, origin.]

PHYSALIA, f[=i]-s[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of large oceanic hydrozoans--_Portuguese man-of-war_. [Gr. _physallis_, a plant, bladder--_physa_, bellows.]

PHYSALITE, fis'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a coarse topaz.

PHYSETER, fi-s[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ a sperm-whale.

PHYSIC, fiz'ik, _n._ the science of medicine: the art of healing: a medicine: (_orig._) natural philosophy, physics.--_v.t._ to give medicine to:--_pr.p._ phys'icking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ phys'icked.--_ns._ PHYSICIAN (fi-zish'an), one skilled in the use of physic or the art of healing: one who prescribes remedies for diseases: a doctor.--_ns._ PHYSIC'IANCY, post or office of physician; PHYSIC'IANSHIP; PHYS'IC-NUT, _Barbadoes_ or _Purging nut_, the seeds of _Jatropha curcas_.--PHYSIC GARDEN, a botanical garden. [O. Fr.,--Gr. _physik[=e]_, natural--Gr. _physis_, nature.]

PHYSICAL, fiz'ik-al, _adj._ pertaining to nature or to natural objects: pertaining to material things: of or pertaining to natural philosophy: known to the senses: pertaining to the body.--_n._ PHYS'ICALIST, one who thinks that human thought and action are determined by the physical organisation.--_adv._ PHYS'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHYS'ICISM (-sizm), belief in the material or physical as opposed to the spiritual; PHYS'ICIST (-sist), a student of nature: one versed in physics: a natural philosopher: one who believes that life is merely a form of physical energy.--PHYSICAL ASTRONOMY, an account of the causes of the motions of the heavenly bodies; PHYSICAL EDUCATION, training of the bodily powers by exercise; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, an examination of the bodily state of a person; PHYSICAL FORCE, force applied outwardly to the body, as distinguished from persuasion, &c.; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, an account of the state of the earth in its natural condition--its mountain-chains, ocean-currents, distribution of plants and animals, conditions of climate, &c.; PHYSICAL TRUTH, the agreement of thought with what exists in nature; PHYSICAL WORLD, the world of matter. [Gr. _physikos_--_physis_, nature.]

PHYSICS, fiz'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._ (_orig._) equivalent to PHYSICAL SCIENCE--i.e. the science of the order of nature: usually sig. (as distinguished from chemistry) the study of matter and the general properties of matter as affected by energy or force--also called _Natural philosophy_.--_ns._ PHYSICOLOG'IC, logic illustrated by physics; PHYS'ICO-THEOL'OGY, theology illustrated by natural philosophy. [L. _physica_--Gr. _physik[=e]_ (_the[=o]ria_, theory)--_physis_, nature.]

PHYSIOCRACY, fiz-i-ok'r[=a]-si, _n._ the economic doctrine of the physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society should be governed by a natural order inherent in itself, land and its products the only true source of wealth, direct taxation of land the only proper source of revenue.--_n._ PHYS'IOCRAT, one who maintains these opinions.--_adj._ PHYSIOCRAT'IC.--_n._ PHYSIOC'RATISM. [Gr. _physis_, nature, _kratein_, to rule.]

PHYSIOGENY, fiz-i-oj'e-ni, _n._ (_biol._) the genesis of function--also PHYSIOGEN'ESIS.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGENET'IC, PHYSIOGEN'IC.

PHYSIOGNOMY, fiz-i-og'n[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of judging the qualities of a character from the external appearance, especially from the countenance: expression of countenance: the face as an index of the mind: the general appearance of anything.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGNOM'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHYSIOGNOM'ICALLY.--_n.sing._ PHYSIOGNOM'ICS (same as PHYSIOGNOMY).--_n._ PHYSIOG'NOMIST. [For _physiognomony_--Gr. _physiogn[=o]monia_--_physis_, nature, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, one who interprets--_gn[=o]nai_, to know.]

PHYSIOGRAPHY, fiz-i-og'ra-fi, _n._ an exposition of the principles that underlie physical geography, and including the elements of physical science: an introduction to the study of nature: physical geography.--_n._ PHYSIOG'RAPHER, one versed in physiography.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGRAPH'IC, -AL. [Gr. _physis_, nature, _graphein_, to describe.]

PHYSIOLATRY, fiz-i-ol'a-tri, _n._ nature-worship.

PHYSIOLOGY, fiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the nature and processes of life, of the vital phenomena of animals and plants and the functions of their parts--a branch of biology.--_adjs._ PHYSIOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHYSIOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PHYSIOL'OGISE.--_n._ PHYSIOL'OGIST. [Gr. _physis_, nature, _logos_, science.]

PHYSIOMEDICALISM, fiz-i-[=o]-med'i-kal-izm, _n._ the system of treating disease with only non-poisonous vegetable drugs.--_n._ PHYSIOMED'ICALIST.

PHYSIQUE, fiz-[=e]k', _n._ the physical structure or natural constitution of a person. [Fr.]

PHYSITHEISM, fiz'i-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the ascribing of physical form and attributes to deity.--_adj._ PHYSITHEIS'TIC. [Gr. _physis_, nature, _theos_, God.]

PHYSIURGIC, fiz-i-ur'jik, _adj._ produced by natural causes, without man's intervention.

PHYSNOMY, fiz'no-mi, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PHYSIOGNOMY.

PHYSOCLISTOUS, f[=i]-s[=o]-klis'tus, _adj._ having no air-bladder, or having it closed, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _kleistos_--_kleiein_, to close.]

PHYSOGRADE, f[=i]'s[=o]-gr[=a]d, _adj._ moving by a vesicular float. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, L. _gradi_, to walk.]

PHYSOPOD, f[=i]'s[=o]-pod, _adj._ with suckers on the feet. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]

PHYSOSTIGMINE, f[=i]-s[=o]-stig'min, _n._ a poisonous alkaloid, the active principle of the Calabar bean. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stigma_, stigma.]

PHYSOSTOMOUS, f[=i]-sos't[=o]-mus, _adj._ having mouth and air-bladder connected by an air-duct, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stoma_, a mouth.]

PHYTOBRANCHIATE, f[=i]-t[=o]-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having leafy gills. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _brangchia_, gills.]

PHYTOCHEMISTRY, f[=i]-t[=o]-kem'is-tri, _n._ the chemistry of plants--also PHY'TOCHIMY.--_adj._ PHYTOCHEM'ICAL.

PHYTOGENESIS, f[=i]-t[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the theory of the generation of plants--also PHYTOG'ENY.--_adjs._ PHYTOGENET'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _genesis_, birth.]

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, f[=i]-t[=o]-je-og'ra-fi, _n._ the geographical distribution of plants.--_adjs._ PHYTOGEOGRAPH'IC, -AL.

PHYTOGLYPHY, f[=i]-tog'li-fi, _n._ the art of printing from nature, by taking impressions from plants, &c., on soft metal, from which an electrotype plate is taken.--_adj._ PHYTOGLYPH'IC. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _glyphein_, to engrave.]

PHYTOGRAPHY, f[=i]-tog'raf-i, _n._ the department of botany relating to the particular description of species of plants.--_n._ PHYTOG'RAPHER.--_adj._ PHYTOGRAPH'ICAL. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _graphein_, to write.]

PHYTOID, f[=i]'toid, _adj._ plant-like, esp. of animals and organs. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _eidos_, form.]

PHYTOLITHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-li-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of fossils plants.--_n._ PHYTOLITHOL'OGIST.

PHYTOLOGY, f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of plants, botany.--_adj._ PHYTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _logia_, discourse.]

PHYTONOMY, f[=i]-ton'[=o]-mi, _n._ the science of the origin and growth of plants: botany. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _nomos_, a law.]

PHYTOPATHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-p[=a]-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the diseases of plants.--_adj._ PHYTOPATHOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOPATHOL'OGIST.

PHYTOPHAGOUS, f[=i]-tof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on plants--also PHYTOPHAG'IC.--_ns._ PHYTOPH'AGAN; PHYTOPH'AGY. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _phagein_, to eat.]

PHYTOSIS, f[=i]-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the presence of vegetable parasites, or the diseases caused by them.

PHYTOTOMY, f[=i]-tot'[=o]-mi, _n._ the dissection of plants.--_n._ PHYTOT'OMIST.--_adj._ PHYTOT'OMOUS. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _tomos_, a cutting--_temnein_, to cut.]

PHYTOZOA, f[=i]-t[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ plant-like animals: animals which more or less resemble plants in appearance and habits, such as sponges, sea-anemones, &c.:--_sing._ PHYTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adj._ and _n._ PHYTOZ[=O]'AN. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]

PI, PIE, p[=i], _n._ a mass of types confusedly mixed.--_v.t._ to reduce to a mixed mass, or to a state of pi, as types. [Cf. _Pie_, a magpie, &c.]

PIA, p[=e]'a, _n._ a perennial Polynesian herb, whose fleshy tubers yield arrowroot.

PIACERE, pia-ch[=a]'re, _n._ (_mus._) _a piacere_, at pleasure.--_adj._ PIACEVOLE (pia-ch[=a]'v[=o]-le), pleasant, playful. [It.]

PIACULAR, p[=i]-ak'[=u]-lar, _adj._ serving to appease, expiatory: requiring expiation: atrociously bad.--_n._ PIACULAR'ITY. [L. _piaculum_, sacrifice--_pi[=a]re_, expiate--_pius_, pious.]

PIAFFE, pi-af', _v.i._ in horsemanship, to advance at a piaffer.--_n._ PIAF'FER, a gait in which the feet are lifted in the same succession as the trot, but more slowly.--Also _Spanish-walk_. [Fr. _piaffer_.]

PIA MATER, p[=i]'a m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ the vascular membrane investing the brain: (_Shak._) the brain. [L.]

PIANOFORTE, pi-ä'no-f[=o]r't[=a], generally shortened to PIANO (pi-an'[=o]), _n._ a musical instrument furnished with wires struck by little hammers which are moved by keys, so as to produce both soft and strong sounds.--_ns._ PIANETTE', a small piano; PIANINO (p[=e]-a-n[=e]'n[=o]), an upright pianoforte; PIAN'ISM, the technique of the pianoforte: arrangement of music for the pianoforte.--_adv._ PIANIS'SIMO, very softly.--_n._ PIAN'IST, one who plays on the pianoforte, or one well skilled in it.--_adv._ PIÄN'O (_mus._), softly.--_ns._ PIAN'O-SCHOOL, a school where piano music is taught; PIAN'O-STOOL, a stool on which the player sits at the piano.--BOUDOIR, or CABINET, PIANO, an upright piano. [It., _piano_, soft--L. _planus_, plane, _forte_, strong--L. _fortis_, strong.]

PIARIST, p[=i]'ar-ist, _n._ one of a religious congregation for the education of the poor, founded in Rome in 1617 by Joseph Calasanza. [L. _pius_, pious.]

PIASSAVA, pi-as'a-va, _n._ a coarse stiff fibre used for rope-making in Brazil.--Also PIASS'ABA. [Port.]

PIASTRE, PIASTER, pi-as't[.e]r, _n._ a silver coin of varying value, used in Turkey and other countries: the Spanish dollar. [Fr.,--It. _piastra_.]

PIAZZA, pi-az'a, _n._ a place or square surrounded by buildings: a walk under a roof supported by pillars.--_adj._ PIAZZ'IAN. [It.,--L. _platea_, a place.]

PIBROCH, p[=e]'broh, _n._ a form of bagpipe music, generally of a warlike character, including marches, dirges, &c. [Gael. _piobaireachd_, pipe-music--_piobair_, a piper--piob, a _pipe_, _fear_, a man.]

PICA, p[=i]'ka, _n._ a size of type smaller than _English_ and larger than _Small pica_, equal to 12 points in the new system of sizes, about 6 lines to the inch, used by printers as a standard unit of measurement for thickness and length of leads, rules, borders, &c.--as 6-to-pica or 10-to-pica, according as 6 or 10 leads set together make a line of pica.--DOUBLE PICA, a size equal to 2 lines of small pica; DOUBLE SMALL PICA, a size of type giving about 3-1/3 lines to the inch; SMALL PICA, a size smaller than pica and larger than long-primer, about 11 points; TWO-LINE PICA, a size of about 3 lines to the inch, equal to 2 lines of pica, or to 24 points. [_Pie_ (2).]

PICA, p[=i]'ka, _n._ a magpie. [_Pie._]

PICADOR, pik-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a horseman armed with a lance, who commences a bull-fight by pricking the bull with his weapon. [Sp. _pica_, a pike.]

PICAMAR, pik'a-mär, _n._ the bitter principle of tar. [L. _pix_, pitch, _amarus_, bitter.]

PICARD, pik'ärd, _n._ a high shoe for men, introduced from France about 1720.

PICAROON, pik-a-r[=oo]n', _n._ one who lives by his wits: a cheat: a pirate.--_adj._ PICARESQUE'.--PICARESQUE NOVELS, the tales of Spanish rogue and vagabond life, much in vogue in the 17th century. [Sp. _picaron_--_pícaro_, a rogue.]

PICAYUNE, pik-a-y[=oo]n', _n._ a small coin worth 6¼ cents, current in United States before 1857, and known in different states by different names (_fourpence_, _fippence_, _fip_, _sixpence_, &c.).--_adj._ petty. [Carib.]

PICCADILLY, pik'a-dil-i, _n._ a standing-up collar with the points turned over, first worn about 1870: a high collar worn in the time of James I.: an edging of lace on a woman's broad collar (17th century).

PICCALILLI, pik'a-lil-i, _n._ a pickle of various vegetable substances with mustard and spices.

PICCANINNY, PICKANINNY, pik'a-nin-i, _n._ a little child: an African or negro child. [Perh. from Sp. _pequeño niño_='little child.']

PICCOLO, pik'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a flute of small size, having the same compass as an ordinary flute, while the notes all sound an octave higher than their notation.--Also _Flauto piccolo_, _Octave flute_, _Ottavino_. [It.]

PICE, p[=i]s, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a money of account and a copper coin, ¼ anna. [Marathi _paisa_.]

PICEA, p[=i]'s[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of coniferous trees, including the spruce.

PICEOUS, pish'[=e]-us, _adj._ pitch-black.

PICIFORM, pis'i-form, _adj._ like to, or relating to, the woodpecker.

PICK, pik, _v.t._ to prick with a sharp-pointed instrument: to peck, as a bird: to pierce: to open with a pointed instrument, as a lock: to pluck or gather, as flowers, &c.: to separate or pull apart: to clean with the teeth: to gather: to choose: to select: to call: to seek, as a quarrel: to steal.--_v.i._ to do anything carefully: to eat by morsels.--_n._ any sharp-pointed instrument, esp. for loosening and breaking up hard soil, &c.: a picklock: foul matter collecting on printing-types, &c.: right or opportunity of first choice.--_n._ PICK'-CHEESE, the blue titmouse: the fruit of the mallow.--_adj._ PICKED (pikt), selected, hence the choicest or best: having spines or prickles, sharp-pointed.--_ns._ PICK'EDNESS; PICK'ER, one who picks or gathers up: one who removes defects from and finishes electrotype plates: a pilferer; PICK'ING, the act of picking, selecting, gathering, pilfering: that which is left to be picked: dabbing in stone-working: the final finishing of woven fabrics by removing burs, &c.: removing defects from electrotype plates; PICK'LOCK, an instrument for picking or opening locks; PICK'-ME-UP, a stimulating drink; PICK'POCKET, one who picks or steals from other people's pockets; PICK'-PURSE, one who steals the purse or from the purse of another.--_adj._ PICK'SOME, given to picking and choosing.--_n._ PICK'-THANK, an officious person who does what he is not desired to do in order to gain favour: a flatterer: a parasite.--_v.t._ to gain favour by unworthy means.--PICK A HOLE IN ONE'S COAT, to find fault with one; PICK A QUARREL, to find an occasion of quarrelling; PICK AT, to find fault with; PICK FAULT, to seek occasions of fault-finding; PICK OAKUM, to make oakum by untwisting old ropes; PICK OFF, to aim at and kill or wound, as with a rifle; PICK ONE'S WAY, to move carefully; PICK OUT, to make out: to mark with spots of colour, &c.; PICK TO PIECES, to tear asunder: to damage, as character; PICK UP, to improve gradually: to gain strength bit by bit: to take into a vehicle, or into one's company: to get as if by chance.--_adj._ gathered together by chance. [Celt., as Gael. _pioc_, to pick, W. _pigo_; cf. _Pike_.]

PICKABACK, pik'a-bak, _adv._ on the back like a pack.--Also PICK'BACK, PICK'APACK.

PICKAXE, pik'aks, _n._ a picking tool, with a point at one end of the head and a cutting blade at the other, used in digging. [M. E. _pikois_--O. Fr. _picois_, a mattock, _piquer_, to pierce, _pic_, a pick--Celt.]

PICKEER, pi-k[=e]r', _v.i._ (_obs._) to act as a skirmisher.--_n._ PICKEER'ER.

PICKEREL, pik'e-rel, _n._ an American pike: a wading bird, the dunlin. [_Pike_ + _er_ + _el_.]

PICKET, pik'et, _n._ a pointed stake used in fortification: a small outpost or guard stationed in front of an army: a number of men sent out by a trades-union to prevent others from working against the wishes or decisions of the union: a game at cards: a punishment inflicted by making a person stand on one foot on a pointed stake.--_v.i._ to fasten to a stake, as a horse: to post a vanguard: to place a picket at or near.--_ns._ PICK'ET-FENCE, a fence of pickets or pales; PICK'ET-GUARD, a guard kept in readiness in case of alarm. [Fr. _piquet_, dim. of _pic_, a pickaxe.]

PICKLE, pik'l, _n._ a liquid of salt and water in which flesh and vegetables are preserved: vinegar, &c., in which articles of food are preserved: anything pickled: a disagreeable position: (_coll._) a troublesome child.--_v.t._ to season or preserve with salt, vinegar, &c.--_ns._ PICK'LE-HERR'ING, a pickled herring: (_obs._) a merry-andrew; PICK'LE-WORM, the larva of a pyralid moth.--HAVE A ROD IN PICKLE, to have a punishment ready. [M. E. _pikil_, prob. _pick-le_; Dut. _pekel_; Ger. _pökel_.]

PICKLE, pik'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a small quantity.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to eat sparingly: to pilfer.

PICKWICKIAN, pik-wik'i-an, _adj._ relating to or resembling Mr _Pickwick_, the hero of Dickens's _Pickwick Papers_.--IN A PICKWICKIAN SENSE, in a merely hypothetical sense--a phrase by which the members of the Pickwick Club explained away unparliamentary language.

PICNIC, pik'nik, _n._ a short excursion into the country by a pleasure-party who take their own provisions with them: an entertainment in the open air, towards which each person contributes.--_v.i._ to go on a picnic:--_pr.p._ pic'nicking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pic'nicked.--_n._ PIC'NICKER. [Prob. _pick_, to nibble, and _nick_, for _knack_, a trifle.]

PICOT, p[=e]-k[=o]', _n._ a loop in an ornamental edging, the front of a flounce, &c.--_adj._ PICOTTÉ. [Fr.]

PICOTEE, pik-[=o]-t[=e]', _n._ a florist's variety of carnation. [From the French botanist _Picot_, Baron de la Peyrouse, 1744-1818.]

PICQUET. Same as PIQUET.

PICQUÉ-WORK, p[=e]-k[=a]'-wurk, _n._ decoration by dots or slight depressions.--Also POUNCED-WORK.

PICRA, pik'ra, _n._ a cathartic powder of aloes and canella. [Gr. _pikros_, bitter.]

PICRIC, pik'rik, _adj._ carbazotic.--_n._ PIC'R[=A]TE, a salt of picric acid.--_adj._ PIC'R[=A]TED, mixed with a picrate as in a composition for a whistling rocket.--_ns._ PIC'R[=I]TE, one of the peridotites or olivine-rocks; PICROTOX'INE, a bitter poisonous principle in the seeds of _Cocculus indicus_.--PICRIC ACID, an acid used as a dye for wool, &c. [Gr. _pikros_, bitter.]

PICT, pikt, _n._ one of an ancient race for 5½ centuries (296-844 A.D.) inhabiting eastern Scotland, from the Forth to the Pentland Firth, most probably Celts, but more nearly allied to the Cymry than to the Gael.--_adj._ PIC'TISH.--PICTISH TOWERS, a name sometimes given to brochs (q.v.); PICTS' HOUSES, a name popularly given in many parts of Scotland to rude underground dwellings or earth-houses; PICTS' WORK, a name sometimes given to the Catrail, the remains of a large earthwork extending for about fifty miles through the counties of Selkirk and Roxburgh. [L. _picti_, pl. of pa.p. of _ping[)e]re_, _pictum_, to paint.]

PICTURE, pik't[=u]r, _n._ a painting: a likeness in colours: a drawing: painting: a resemblance: an image: a vivid verbal description.--_v.t._ to paint, to represent by painting: to form a likeness of in the mind: to describe vividly in words.--_n._ PIC'TOGRAPH, a picture or pictorial sign: a piece of picture-writing.--_adj._ PICTOGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PICTOG'RAPHY.--_adjs._ PICT[=O]'RIAL, PIC'T[=U]RAL, relating to pictures: illustrated by pictures: consisting of pictures.--_adv._ PICT[=O]'RIALLY.--_ns._ PIC'T[=U]RAL (_Spens._), a picture; PIC'TURE-BOOK, a book of pictures; PIC'TURE-FRAME, a frame surrounding a picture; PIC'TURE-GALL'ERY, a gallery, or large room, in which pictures are hung up for exhibition; PIC'TURE-ROD, a rod running round the upper part of the wall of a room, from which pictures are hung; PIC'TURE-WRIT'ING, the use of pictures to express ideas or relate events. [L. _pictura_--_ping[)e]re_, _pictum_, to paint.]

PICTURESQUE, pik-t[=u]-resk', _adj._ like a picture: such as would make a good or striking picture: expressing the pleasing beauty of a picture.--_adv._ PICTURESQUE'LY.--_n._ PICTURESQUE'NESS. [It. _pittoresco_--_pittura_, a picture--L. _pictura_.]

PICUL, PECUL, pik'ul, _n._ a Chinese weight of about 133-1/3 lb.

PICUS, p[=i]'kus, _n._ a Linnæan genus of woodpeckers.

PIDDLE, pid'l, _v.i._ to deal in trifles: to trifle: to eat with little relish: to make water.--_n._ PIDD'LER, a trifler.--_adj._ PIDD'LING, trifling, squeamish. [_Peddle._]

PIDDOCK, pid'ok, _n._ the pholas.

PIDGIN-ENGLISH, pij'in-ing'glish, _n._ a mixture of corrupted English with Chinese and other words, a sort of _lingua franca_ which grew up between Chinese on the sea-board and foreigners, as a medium of intercommunication in business transactions. [_Pidgin_, a Chinese corruption of _business_.]

PIE, p[=i], _n._ a magpie: (_print._) type mixed or unsorted (cf. _Pi_). [Fr.,--L. _pica_.]

PIE, p[=i], _n._ a book which ordered the manner of performing divine service: a service-book: an ordinal.--BY COCK AND PIE (_Shak._), a minced oath=By God and the service-book. [Fr.,--L. _pica_, lit. magpie, from its old black-letter type on white paper resembling the colours of the magpie.]

PIE, p[=i], _n._ the smallest Indian copper coin, equal to 1/3 of a pice, or 1/12 of an anna. [Marathi _p[=a]'[=i]_, a fourth.]

PIE, p[=i], _n._ a quantity of meat or fruit baked within a crust of prepared flour.--A FINGER IN THE PIE (see FINGER); HUMBLE-PIE (see HUMBLE); MINCE-PIE (see MINCE); PERIGORD PIE, a pie flavoured with truffles, abundant in _Perigord_ in France. [Perh. Ir. and Gael. _pighe_, pie.]

PIEBALD, PYEBALD, p[=i]'bawld, _adj._ of various colours: having spots and patches. [For _pie-balled_--_pie_, a magpie, W. _bal_, a streak on a horse's forehead.]

PIECE, p[=e]s, _n._ a part of anything: a single article: a definite quantity, as of cloth or paper: an amount of work to be done at one time: a separate performance: a literary or artistic composition: a gun: a coin: a man in chess or draughts: a person, generally a woman, in contempt.--_v.t._ to enlarge by adding a piece: to patch.--_v.i._ to unite by a joining of parts: to join.--_n.pl_. PIECE'-GOODS, cotton, linen, woollen, or silk fabrics sold retail in varying lengths.--_adj._ PIECE'LESS, not made of pieces: entire.--_adv._ PIECE'MEAL, in pieces or fragments: by pieces: little by little: bit by bit: gradually.--_adj._ made of pieces: single: separate.--_ns._ PIEC'ENER, a piecer; PIEC'ENING, or PIEC'ING, the act of mending, esp. the joining of the ends of yarn, thread, &c. so as to repair breaks; PIEC'ER, a boy or girl employed in a spinning-factory to join broken threads; PIECE'WORK, work done by the piece or quantity rather than by time.--PIÈCE DE RÉSISTANCE, principal piece: chief event or performance: chief dish at a dinner; PIECE OF EIGHT, the Spanish _peso duro_ ('hard dollar'), bearing the numeral 8, of the value of 8 reals (prob. the sign $ is derived from this); PIECE OUT, to put together bit by bit; PIECE UP, to patch up.--GIVE A PIECE OF ONE'S MIND, to give a rating frankly to any one's face; OF A PIECE, as if of the same piece, the same in nature, &c. [O. Fr. _piece_--Low L. _petium_, a piece of land--prob. L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]

PIED, p[=i]d, _adj._ variegated like a magpie: of various colours: spotted.--_n._ PIED'NESS.

PIELED, p[=e]ld, _adj._ (_Shak._) peeled, bare, bald.

PIEND, p[=e]nd, _n._ the sharp point or edge of a hammer: a salient angle.

PIEPOWDER, p[=i]'pow-d[.e]r, _n._ an ancient court held in fairs and markets to administer justice in a rough-and-ready way to all comers--also _Court of Dusty Foot_.--_adj._ PIE'POWDERED, with dusty feet. [O. Fr. _piepoudreux_, a hawker, _pied_--L. _pes_, a foot, _poudre_, powder.]

PIER, p[=e]r, _n._ the mass of stone-work between the openings in the wall of a building: an arch, bridge, &c.: a stone pillar on which the hinges of a gate are fixed: a mass of stone or wood-work projecting into the sea for landing purposes: a wharf.--_ns._ PIER'AGE, toll paid for using a pier; PIER'-GLASS, a mirror hung in the space between windows; PIER'-T[=A]'BLE, a table fitted for the space between two windows. [O. Fr. _pierre_, a stone--L. _petra_--Gr. _petra_, a rock.]

PIERCE, p[=e]rs, _v.t._ to thrust or make a hole through: to enter, or force a way into: to touch or move deeply: to dive into, as a secret.--_v.i._ to penetrate.--_adj._ PIERCE'ABLE, capable of being pierced.--_n._ PIERC'ER, one who, or that which, pierces: any sharp instrument used for piercing: a stiletto.--_adj._ PIERC'ING.--_adv._ PIERC'INGLY.--_n._ PIERC'INGNESS. [O. Fr. _percer_, prob. _pertuisier_--_pertuis_, a hole--L. _pertund[)e]re_, _pertusum_, to thrust through.]

PIERIAN, p[=i]-[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Muses.--_n._ PIER'IDES, the nine Muses. [L. _Pierius_--Mt. _Pierus_, in Thessaly, the haunt of the Muses.]

PIERROT, pye-r[=o]', _n._ a buffoon with loose long-sleeved white robe: an 18th-century women's low-cut basque, with sleeves. [Fr.]

PIET, p[=i]'et, _n._ a pie or magpie. [_Pie._]

PIETÀ, p[=e]-[=a]-ta', _n._ a representation of the Virgin embracing the dead body of Jesus.

PIETRA-DURA, py[=a]'tra-d[=oo]'ra, _n._ Florentine mosaic-work, in which the inlaid materials are hard stones--jasper, agate, &c.

PIETY, p[=i]'e-ti, _n._ the quality of being pious: reverence for the Deity, and desire to do His will: love and duty towards parents, friends, or country: sense of duty: dutiful conduct.--_ns._ P[=I]'ETISM, the doctrine and practice of the pietists; P[=I]'ETIST, one marked by strong devotional feeling: a name first applied to a sect of German religious reformers of deep devotional feeling (end of 17th century).--_adjs._ PIETIST'IC, -AL. [Fr. _piété_--L. _pietas_.]

PIEZOMETER, p[=i]-e-zom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids. [Gr. _piezein_, to press, _metron_, a measure.]

PIFFERO, pif'e-r[=o], _n._ a form of oboe: an organ-stop.

PIG, pig, _n._ a swine of either gender: an oblong mass of unforged metal, as first extracted from the ore, so called because it is made to flow when melted in channels called _pigs_, branching from a main channel called the _sow_.--_v.i._ to bring forth pigs: to live together like pigs:--_pr.p._ pig'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pigged.--_adjs._ PIG'-EYED, having small dull eyes with heavy lids; PIG'-FACED, looking like a pig.--_n._ PIG'GERY, a place where pigs are kept.--_adj._ PIG'GISH, belonging to or like pigs: greedy, said of persons.--_n._ PIG'GISHNESS.--_adj._ PIG'HEADED, having a large or ill-formed head: stupidly obstinate.--_ns._ PIG'HEADEDNESS; PIG'-[=I]'RON, iron in pigs or rough bars; PIG'-LEAD, lead in pigs; PIG'-NUT (same as EARTH-NUT); PIG'SCONCE, a pigheaded fellow: a blockhead; PIG'SKIN, the skin of a pig prepared as a strong leather: a saddle; PIG'-STY, a pen for keeping pigs; PIG'S'-WASH, swill; PIG'S'-WHIS'PER (_slang_), a low whisper: a very short space of time; PIG'-TAIL, the tail of a pig: the hair of the head tied behind in the form of a pig's tail: a roll of twisted tobacco. [A.S. _pecg_; Dut. _bigge_, _big_.]

PIG, pig, _n._ an earthen vessel. [_Piggin_.]

PIGEON, pij'un, _n._ a well-known bird, the dove: any bird of the dove family.--_adjs._ PIG'EON-BREAST'ED, having a physical deformity, due to rickets, in which the chest is flattened from side to side, and the sternum or breast-bone is thrown forward; PIG'EON-HEART'ED, timid: fearful.--_n._ PIG'EON-HOLE, a hole or niche in which pigeons lodge in a dovecot: a division of a case for papers, &c.--_v.t._ to put into a pigeon-hole: to lay aside and treat with neglect.--_n._ PIG'EON-HOUSE, a dovecot.--_adj._ PIG'EON-LIV'ERED, timid: cowardly.--_n._ PIG'EONRY, a place for keeping pigeons.--_adj._ PIG'EON-TOED, having feet like pigeons, peristeropod: having turned-in toes. [Fr.,--L. _pipio_, _-onis_--_pip[=i]re_, to chirp.]

PIGGIN, pig'in, _n._ a small wooden or earthen vessel. [Gael. _pigean_, dim. of _pigeadh_, or _pige_, a pot.]

PIGHT, p[=i]t, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to place, to fix.--_adj._ placed, fixed, determined. [_Pitch_, to place.]

PIGMEAN, pig-m[=e]'an, _adj._ like a pygmy: very small.

PIGMENT, pig'ment, _n._ paint: any substance used for colouring: that which gives colour to animal and vegetable tissues.--_adjs._ PIGMENT'AL, PIG'MENTARY.--_n._ PIG'MENT-CELL, a cell which secrets pigment. [L. _pigmentum_--_ping[)e]re_, to paint.]

PIGMY. Same as PYGMY.

PIGNORATION, pig-n[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ act of giving in pledge: (_law_) a seizing and detaining of cattle straying and doing damage, till the damage be made good. [L. _pignus_, _-oris_, a pledge.]

PIKE, p[=i]k, _n._ a sharp point: a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp head like a spear, formerly used by foot-soldiers: a sharp-pointed hill or summit: a voracious fresh-water fish (so called from its pointed snout).--_adj._ PIKED, ending in a point.--_ns._ PIKE'-HEAD, the head of a pike or spear; PIKE'-KEEP'ER, the keeper of a turnpike; PIKE'LET, a tea-cake; PIKE'MAN, a man armed with a pike: a man in charge of a turnpike gate; PIKE'-PERCH, a common percoid fish; PIKE'STAFF, the staff or shaft of a pike: a staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. _píc_, _piic_, a pike; Dut. _piek_, Ger. _pike_, _pieke_; or Celt., as Gael. _pìc_, a pike, W. _pig_, a point.]

PIKE, p[=i]k, _v.i._ to go quickly.--_n._ a turnpike.--_n._ P[=I]'KER, a tramp.

PILA, p[=i]'la, _n._ in archæology and art, a mortar. [L.]

PILAR, p[=i]'lar, _adj._ hairy.--Also PIL'ARY.

PILASTER, pi-las't[.e]r, _n._ a square column, partly built into, partly projecting from a wall.--_adj._ PILAS'TERED, furnished with pilasters or inserted pillars. [Fr. _pilastre_--It. _pilastro_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.]

PILAU, pi-law', _n._ a dish, in origin purely Mohammedan, consisting of meat or fowl, boiled along with rice and spices.--Also PILLAU', PILAW', PILAFF', PILOW'. [Pers. _pil[=a]w_, _pilaw_.]

PILCH, pilch, _n._ (_Shak._) a cloak or gown lined with furs: a flannel cloth or wrap for a child.--_n._ PILCH'ER, one who wears a pilch: a scabbard. [A.S. _pylce_--Low L. _pellicea_--L. _pellis_, skin.]

PILCHARD, pil'chärd, _n._ a sea-fish like the herring, but thicker and rounder, caught chiefly on the Cornish coast. [Prob. Celt., Ir. _pilseir_.]

PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ a roundish mass: a heap of separate objects: combustibles, esp. for burning dead bodies: a large building: a heap of shot or shell: (_elect._) a form of battery consisting of a number of dissimilar metal plates laid in pairs one above another, with an acid solution between them: (_slang_) a large amount of money: a fortune.--_v.t._ to lay in a pile or heap: to collect in a mass: to heap up: to fill above the brim.--_n._ P[=I]'LER, one who forms into a heap.--PILE ARMS, to place three muskets with fixed bayonets so that the butts remain firm, the muzzles close together pointing obliquely--also _Stack arms_. [Fr.,--L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.]

PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ a pillar: a large stake driven into the earth to support foundations: a pyramidal figure in a heraldic bearing.--_v.t._ to drive piles into.--_ns._ PILE'-DRIV'ER, PILE'-EN'GINE, an engine for driving down piles; PILE'-DWELL'ING, a dwelling built on piles, a lake-dwelling; PILE'WORK, work or foundations made of piles; PILE'-WORM, a worm found eating into the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. _píl_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.]

PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ hair, fur: the nap on cloth, esp. if regular and closely set.--_v.t._ to furnish with pile, to make shaggy.--_adj._ PILE'-WORN, worn threadbare. [O. Fr. _peil_, _poil_--L. _p[)i]lus_, a hair.]

PILES, p[=i]lz, _n.pl._ hæmorrhoids. [L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.]

PILEUM, pil'[=e]-um, _n._ (_ornith._) the top of the head from the base of the bill to the nape--including the forehead or front, the vertex or corona, and the hindhead or occiput:--_pl._ PIL'[=E]A.

PILEUS, pil'[=e]-us, _n._ a Roman conical cap: (_bot._) the summit of the stipe bearing the hymenium in some fungi:--_pl._ PIL'EI (-[=i]).--_adjs._ PIL'[=E]ATE, -D, fitted with a cap: having the form of a cap or hat; PIL'[=E]IFORM.--_n._ PIL[=E]'OLUS, a little pileus:--_pl._ PIL[=E]'OLI. [L. _pileatus_--_pileus_, a cap of felt.]

PILE-WORT, p[=i]l'-wurt, _n._ a buttercup, the celandine.

PILFER, pil'f[.e]r, _v.i._ to steal small things.--_v.t._ to steal by petty theft.--_ns._ PIL'FERER; PIL'FERING, PIL'FERY, petty theft.--_adv._ PIL'FERINGLY. [_Pelf._]

PILGARLICK, pil-gar'lik, _n._ a low fellow--perh. because _pilled_ or made bald by a shameful disease.

PILGRIM, pil'grim, _n._ one who travels to a distance to visit a sacred place: a wanderer: a traveller: a silk screen formerly attached to the back of a woman's bonnet to protect the neck: (_slang_) a new-comer.--_adj._ of or pertaining to a pilgrim: like a pilgrim: consisting of pilgrims.--_ns._ PIL'GRIMAGE, the journey of a pilgrim: a journey to a shrine or other sacred place: the time taken for a pilgrimage: the journey of life, a lifetime; PIL'GRIM-BOTT'LE, a flat bottle holed at the neck for a cord.--PILGRIM FATHERS, the colonists who went to America in the ship _Mayflower_, and founded New England in 1620; PILGRIM'S SHELL, a cockle-shell used as a sign that one had visited the Holy Land; PILGRIM'S STAFF, a long staff which pilgrims carried as a sort of badge. [O. Fr. _pelegrin_ (Fr. _pèlerin_)--L. _peregrinus_, foreigner, stranger--_pereger_, a traveller--_per_, through, _ager_, land.]

PILIFORM, pil'i-form, _adj._ slender as a hair.--_adjs._ PILIF'EROUS, PILIG'EROUS, bearing hairs. [L. _pilus_, a hair, _forma_, form.]

PILING, p[=i]'ling, _n._ the act of piling up: the driving of piles: a series of piles placed in order: pilework.

PILKINS, pil'kinz, _n._ (_prov._) the naked oat, _Avena nuda_.--Also PILL'AS, PILL'CORN.

PILL, pil, _n._ a little ball of medicine: anything nauseous which must be accepted: (_slang_) a doctor: a disagreeable person.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to blackball.--_n._ PILL'-BOX, a box for holding pills: a kind of one-horse carriage. [Fr. _pilule_--L. _pilula_, dim. of _p[)i]la_, a ball.]

PILL, pil, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to strip, peel: to deprive of hair.--_n._ (_Spens._) skin. [_Peel._]

PILLAGE, pil'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) act of plundering: plunder: spoil, esp. taken in war.--_v.t._ to plunder or spoil.--_v.t._ PILL, to rob or plunder.--_n._ PILL'AGER. [O. Fr.,--_piller_--L. _pil[=a]re_, to plunder.]

PILLAR, pil'ar, _n._ (_archit._) a detached support, differing from a column in that it is not necessarily cylindrical, or of classical proportions: one who, or anything that, sustains: something resembling a pillar in appearance.--_adj._ PILL'ARED, supported by a pillar: having the form of a pillar.--_ns._ PILL'AR-BOX, a short pillar in a street with receptacle for letters to be sent by post; PILL'ARIST, PILL'AR-SAINT, a person in the early church who crucified the flesh by living on the summit of pillars in the open air, a stylite.--FROM PILLAR TO POST, from one state of difficulty to another: hither and thither. [O. Fr. _piler_ (Fr. _pilier_)--Low L. _pilare_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.]

PILLAU, pil-law', _n._ See PILAU.

PILLICOCK, pil'i-kok, _n._ (_Shak._) a term of endearment.

PILLION, pil'yun, _n._ a cushion for a woman behind a horseman: the cushion of a saddle. [Ir. _pilliun_, Gael. _pillean_, a pad, a pack-saddle--_peall_, a skin or mat, L. _pellis_, skin.]

PILLORY, pil'o-ri, _n._ a wooden frame, supported by an upright pillar or post, and having holes through which the head and hands of a criminal were put as a punishment, disused in England since 1837.--_vs.t._ PILL'ORY, PILL'ORISE, to punish in the pillory: to expose to ridicule:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pill'oried. [O. Fr. _pilori_; ety. dub.; Prov. _espitlori_--Low L. _speculatorium_, a lookout--L. _specularia_, a window, _speculum_, a mirror.]

PILLOW, pil'[=o], _n._ a cushion filled with feathers, &c., for resting the head on: any cushion: a block of metal for bearing the end of a shaft, or the end of a bowsprit: the socket of a pivot.--_v.t._ to lay or rest on for support.--_v.i._ to rest the head on a pillow.--_ns._ PILL'OW-BIER, -BEER, -CASE, -SLIP, a cover which can be drawn over a pillow; PILL'OW-CUP, a last cup before going to bed.--_adjs._ PILL'OWED, supported by, or provided with, a pillow; PILL'OWY, like a pillow: soft. [A.S. _pyle_--L. _pulv[=i]nus_.]

PILLWORM, pil'wurm, _n._ the millipede.

PILOCARPUS, p[=i]-l[=o]-kär'pus, _n._ a shrub about four or five feet high, slightly branched, the branches erect, a native of Brazil.--_n._ PILOCAR'PINE, an alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus, with sudorific properties. [Gr. _pilos_, a cap, _karpos_, fruit.]

PILOSE, p[=i]'l[=o]s, _adj._ hairy--also P[=I]'LOUS.--_n._ PILOS'ITY. [L. _pilosus_--_pilus_, hair.]

PILOT, p[=i]'lut, _n._ the steersman of a ship: one who conducts ships in and out of a harbour, along a dangerous coast, &c.: a guide.--_v.t._ to conduct as a pilot: to direct through dangerous places.--_ns._ P[=I]'LOTAGE, the skill of a pilot: the act of piloting: the fee or wages of pilots; P[=I]'LOT-BOAT, a boat used by pilots for meeting or leaving ships; P[=I]'LOT-CLOTH, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats; P[=I]'LOT-EN'GINE, a locomotive engine sent on before a train to clear its way, as a pilot; P[=I]'LOT-FISH, a fish of the mackerel family, so called from its having been supposed to guide sharks to their prey; P[=I]'LOT-FLAG, the flag hoisted at the fore by a vessel needing a pilot; P[=I]'LOT-HOUSE, an enclosed place on deck to shelter the steering-gear and the pilot--also _Wheel-house_; P[=I]'LOT-JACK'ET, a pea-jacket worn by seamen; P[=I]'LOT-WHALE, the caaing-whale (q.v.). [Fr. _pilote_--Dut. _piloot_, from _peilen_, to sound, _loot_ (Ger. _loth_, Eng. _lead_), a sounding-lead.]

PILULE, pil'[=u]l, _n._ a little pill--also PIL'ULA.--_adj._ PIL'ULAR, pertaining to pills.

PILUM, p[=i]'lum, _n._ the heavy javelin used by Roman foot-soldiers:--_pl._ P[=I]'LA. [L.]

PILUS, p[=i]'lus, _n._ one of the slender hairs on plants:--_pl._ P[=I]'LI. [L.]

PIMENTO, pi-men'to, _n._ allspice or Jamaica pepper: the tree producing it.--Also PIMEN'TA. [Port. _pimenta_--L. _pigmentum_, paint.]

PIMP, pimp, _n._ one who procures gratifications for the lust of others: a pander.--_v.i._ to pander.--_adjs._ PIMP'ING, petty: mean; PIMP'-LIKE. [Fr. _pimper_, a nasalised form of _piper_, to pipe, hence to cheat.]

PIMPERNEL, pim'p[.e]r-nel, _n._ a plant of the primrose family, with reddish flowers--also _Poor man's weather-glass_, _Red chickweed_.--_n._ PIMPINEL'LA, a genus of umbelliferous plants--_anise_, _pimpernel_, _breakstone_. [Fr. _pimprenelle_ (It. _pimpinella_), either a corr. of a L. form _bipennula_, double-winged, dim. of _bi-pennis_--_bis_, twice, _penna_, feather; or from a dim. of L. _pampinus_, a vine-leaf.]

PIMPLE, pim'pl, _n._ a pustule: a small swelling.--_adjs._ PIM'PLED, PIM'PLY, having pimples. [A.S. _pipel_, nasalised from L. _papula_, a pustule.]

PIN, pin, _n._ a piece of wood or of metal used for fastening things together: a peg or nail: a sharp-pointed piece of wire with a rounded head for fastening clothes: anything that holds parts together: a piece of wood set up on end to be knocked down by a bowl, as in skittles: a peg used in musical instruments for fastening the strings: anything of little value.--_v.t._ to fasten with a pin: to fasten: to enclose: to seize and hold fast:--_pr.p._ pin'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pinned.--_ns._ PIN'-BUTT'OCK (_Shak._), a sharp, pointed buttock; PIN'CASE, PIN'CUSHION, a case or cushion for holding pins; PIN'-FEATH'ER, a small or short feather.--_adj._ PIN'-FEATH'ERED.--_ns._ PIN'-HOLD, a place where a pin is fixed; PIN'-HOLE, a hole made by a pin: a very small opening; PIN'-MON'EY, money allowed to a wife by her husband for private expenses, originally to buy pins; PIN'NER, one who pins or fastens: a pin-maker: a pinafore: a head-dress with a lappet flying loose; PIN'-POINT, the point of a pin: a trifle; PIN'TAIL, a genus of ducks, one handsome species of which is a winter visitor to many parts of the British coast.--_adj._ PIN'TAILED, having a long, narrow tail.--_n._ PIN'-WHEEL, a contrate wheel in which the cogs are pins set into the disc: a form of firework constructed to revolve rapidly while burning.--_v.t._ PIN'WORK, to work flax-yarn on a wooden pin so as to make it more supple for ease in packing.--PIN-FIRE CARTRIDGE, a cartridge for breech-loading guns; PINS AND NEEDLES, a feeling as of pricking under the skin, formication.--IN MERRY PIN, in a merry humour; ON ONE'S PINS, on one's legs: in good condition. [M. E. _pinne_, like Ir. and Gael. _pinne_, and Ger. _pinn_, from L. _pinna_ or _penna_, a feather.]

PIN, pin, _n._ an induration of the membranes of the eye, cataract. [A.S. _pinn_--Low L. _pannus_.]

PIÑA-CLOTH, p[=e]'nya-kloth, _n._ a beautiful fabric made of the fibres of the leaves of the pine-apple plant.

PINAFORE, pin'a-f[=o]r, _n._ a loose covering of cotton or linen over a child's dress. [_Pin_ + _afore_.]

PINASTER, pi-nas't[.e]r, _n._ the cluster-pine.

PINCE-NEZ, pangs'-n[=a], _n._ a pair of eye-glasses with a spring for catching the nose. [Fr.]

PINCERS. Same as PINCHERS.

PINCH, pinsh, _v.t._ to grip hard: to squeeze between two hard or firm substances: to squeeze the flesh so as to give pain: to nip: to distress: to gripe.--_v.i._ to act with force: to bear or press hard: to live sparingly.--_n._ a close compression with the fingers: what can be taken up between the finger and thumb: an iron bar used as a lever for lifting weights, rolling wheels, &c.: a gripe: distress: oppression.--_n._ PINCH'COMMONS, a niggard, a miser.--_adj._ PINCHED, having the appearance of being tightly squeezed: hard pressed by want or cold: narrowed in size.--_ns._ PINCH'ER, one who, or that which, pinches; PINCH'ERS, PIN'CERS, an instrument for gripping anything firmly, esp. for drawing out nails, &c.; PINCH'FIST, PINCH'GUT PINCH'PENNY, a niggard.--_adv._ PINCH'INGLY, in a pinching manner.--AT A PINCH, in a case of necessity; KNOW WHERE THE SHOE PINCHES, to know where the cause of trouble or difficulty is. [O. Fr. _pincer_; prob. Teut., cf. Dut. _pitsen_, to pinch.]

PINCHBECK, pinsh'bek, _n._ a yellow alloy of five parts of copper to one of zinc. [From Chris. PINCHBECK, an 18th-century London watchmaker.]

PINDARI, PINDAREE, pin'dar-[=e], _n._ one of a band of freebooters who, after the overthrow of the Mogul empire in India, grew (1804-17) to be a formidable power in the Central Provinces. [Hind.]

PINDARIC, pin-dar'ik, _adj._ after the manner of _Pindar_, one of the first of Greek lyric poets.--_n._ an ode in imitation of one of Pindar's: an ode of irregular metre.--_n._ PIN'DARISM, imitation of Pindar.

PINDER, pin'd[.e]r, _n._ one who impounds stray cattle.--Also PIN'NER. [A.S. _pyndan_, to shut up--_pund._ Cf. _Pen_, v., and _Pound_, to shut up.]

PINE, p[=i]n, _n._ a northern cone-bearing, evergreen, resinous tree, furnishing valuable timber.--_adj._ PIN'EAL.--_ns._ PIN'EAL-GLAND, a rounded body about the size of a pea, of a slightly yellowish colour, situated upon the anterior pair of corpora quadrigemina, and connected with the optic thalami by two strands of nerve fibres termed its peduncles; PINE'-APP'LE, a tropical plant, and its fruit, shaped like a pine-cone; PINE'-BARR'EN, a level sandy tract growing pines; PINE'-CH[=A]'FER, a beetle which eats pine-leaves.--_adjs._ PINE'-CLAD, PINE'-CROWNED, clad or crowned with pine-trees.--_ns._ PINE'-CONE, the cone or strobilus of a pine-tree; PINE'-FINCH, a small fringilline bird of North America; PINE'-HOUSE, a pinery; PINE'-NEED'LE, the circular leaf of the pine-tree; PINE'-OIL, an oil obtained from the resinous exudations of pine and fir trees; PIN'ERY, a place where pine-apples are raised: a pine forest; PIN[=E]'TUM, a plantation of pine-trees: a collection of pine-trees for ornamental purposes; PINE'-WOOD, a wood of pine-trees: pine timber; PINE'-WOOL, a fibrous substance prepared from the leaves of the pine, and used for flannels, hosiery, and blankets in hospitals.--_adjs._ P[=I]'NIC, pertaining to, or obtained from, the pine: noting an acid consisting of the portion of common resin soluble in cold alcohol; PINIC'OLINE, inhabiting pine-woods; P[=I]'NY, P[=I]'NEY, abounding in pine-trees.--PINE-TREE MONEY, silver money coined at Boston in the 17th century, and so called from the coins bearing the rude figure of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. _pín_,--L. _p[=i]nus_ (for _pic-nus_),--_pix_, _picis_, pitch.]

PINE, p[=i]n, _v.i._ to waste away under pain or mental distress: to languish with longing.--_v.t._ to grieve for: to bewail.--_n._ wasting pain: weary suffering.--DONE TO PINE, starved to death. [A.S. _pínian_, to torment--L. _poena_, punishment.]

PINFOLD, pin'f[=o]ld, _n._ a pound or enclosure for cattle.--_v.t._ to impound. [For _pind-fold_=_pound-fold_.]

PING, ping, _n._ the whistling sound of a bullet.--_v.i._ to produce such a sound.--_n._ PING'-PONG, a kind of indoor lawn-tennis, played with battledores or small rackets over a net on a table. [From the sounds made by the strokes on the ball.]

PINGLE, ping'gl, _v.i._ (_prov._) to eat with feeble appetite: to dawdle.--_adj._ PING'LING, dawdling, feeble.

PINGUID, ping'gwid, _adj._ fat.--_n._ PING'UITUDE. [L. _pinguis_, fat.]

PINGUIN, pin'gwin, _n._ Same as PENGUIN.

PINION, pin'yun, _n._ a wing: the joint of a wing most remote from the body of the bird: a small wheel with 'leaves' or teeth working into others.--_v.t._ to confine the wings of: to cut off the pinion: to confine by binding the arms. [O. Fr. _pignon_--L. _pinna_ (=_penna_), wing. Cf. _Pen_, n.]

PINK, pingk, _n._ a boat with a narrow stern.--Also PINK'Y. [Dut.; Ger. _pinke_.]

PINK, pingk, _v.t._ to stab or pierce, esp. with a sword or rapier: to decorate by cutting small holes or scallops.--_n._ a stab: an eyelet.--_adj._ PINKED, pierced or worked with small holes.--_n._ PINK'ING-[=I]'RON, a tool for pinking or scalloping. [Either through A.S. _pyngan_, from L. _pung[)e]re_, to prick; or acc. to Skeat, a nasalised form of _pick_.]

PINK, pingk, _n._ a flower of any one of several plants of the genus _Dianthus_--carnation, &c.: a shade of light-red colour like that of the flower: a scarlet hunting-coat, also the person wearing such: the minnow, from the colour of its abdomen in summer: any type or example of excellence in its kind.--_adj._ of a pink colour.--_n._ PINK'INESS.--_adj._ PINK'ISH, somewhat pink.--_n._ PINK'-ROOT, the root of the Carolina or Indian pink, a common vermifuge.--PINK OF PERFECTION, the very highest state of perfection: an example of highest perfection.--DUTCH PINK, a yellow lake obtained from quercitron bark: (_slang_) blood. [Prob. a nasalised form of Celt. _pic_, a point--from the finely notched edges of the petals.]

PINK, pingk, _v.i._ to wink: to half-shut.--_n._ PINK'-EYE, a disease in horses in which the eye turns somewhat red.--_adj._ PINK'-EYED, having pink eyes like a rabbit: having small or half-shut eyes.--_adj._ PINK'Y, winking. [Dut. _pinken_, to wink.]

PINNA, pin'a, _n._ a single leaflet of a pinnate leaf: a wing, fin, or the like: the auricle of the ear:--_pl._ PINN'Æ.--_adjs._ PINN'ATE, -D, shaped like a feather: furnished with wings or fins.--_adv._ PINN'ATELY.--_adjs._ PINNAT'IFID, cut as a leaf, half-way down or more, with the divisions narrow or acute; PINNAT'ISECT (_bot._), pinnately divided; PINN'IFORM, like a feather or fin: pinnate; PINN'IGRADE, moving by fins--also _n._; PINN'IPED, PINNAT'IPED, fin-footed, as a bird; PINN'[=U]LATE, -D.--_n._ PINN'[=U]LE, one of the branchlets of a pinnate leaf: one of the lateral divisions of the finger-like stalks of an encrinite--also PINN'[=U]LA.--PINNATE LEAF, a compound leaf wherein a single petiole has several leaflets attached to each side of it. [L. _pinna_, a feather, dim. _pinnula_.]

PINNACE, pin'[=a]s, _n._ a small vessel with oars and sails: a boat with eight oars: a man-of-war's boat. [Fr. _pinasse_--It. _pinassa_--L. _pinus_, a pine.]

PINNACLE, pin'a-kl, _n._ a slender turret: a high point like a spire: the highest point of a mountain, &c.--_v.t._ to build with pinnacles: to place on a pinnacle. [Fr. _pinacle_--Low L. _pinna-culum_, double dim. from L. _pinna_, a feather.]

PINNER, pin'[.e]r. See PIN.

PINNET, pin'et, _n._ (_Scott_) a pinnacle.

PINNOCK, pin'ok, _n._ the hedge-sparrow.

PINNOED, pin'[=o]d, _adj._ (_Spens._) pinioned.

PINNY, PINNIE, pin'[=i], _n._ a pinafore. [_Pinafore._]

PINNYWINKLE, pin'i-wingk-l, _n._ an ancient form of torture for the fingers.--Also PINN'IEWINKLE, PIL'NIE-WINKS. [A corr. of _periwinkle_.]

PINT, p[=i]nt, _n._ a measure of capacity=½ quart or 4 gills: (_med._) 12 ounces.--_ns._ PINT'-POT, a pot for holding a pint, esp. a pewter pot for beer: a seller or drinker of beer; PINT'-STOUP, a vessel for holding a Scotch pint. [Fr. _pinte_--Sp. _pinta_, mark--L. _picta_, _ping[)e]re_, to paint.]

PINTADO, pin-tä'do, _adj._ painted, spotted.--_n._ the guinea-fowl: chintz, applied to all printed goods.

PINTAIL, PIN-WHEEL. See PIN.

PINTLE, pin'tl, _n._ a little pin: a long iron bolt: the bolt or pin on which the rudder of a ship turns. [Dim. of _pin_.]

PINXIT, pingk'sit, _v.i._ and _v.t._ he or she painted--used in noting the painter of a picture, as Rubens _pinxit_. [L., 3d sing. perf. indic. of _ping[)e]re_, to paint.]

PIONED, p[=i]'[=o]-ned, _adj._ (_Shak._) overgrown with marsh-marigolds, that flower being still called _peony_ around Stratford.

PIONEER, p[=i]-[=o]-n[=e]r', _n._ one of a party of soldiers who clear the road before an army, sink mines, &c.: one who goes before to prepare the way for others.--_v.t._ to act as pioneer to.--_ns._ P[=I]'ONER (_Shak._), a pioneer; P[=I]'ONING (_Spens._), the work of pioneers: military works. [O. Fr. _peonier_ (Fr. _pionnier_)--pion, a foot-soldier--Low L. _pedo_, _pedonis_, a foot-soldier--L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]

PIOUS, p[=i]'us, _adj._ showing love, affection, or respect towards parents: having reverence and love for the DEITY: proceeding from religious feeling.--_adv._ P[=I]'OUSLY, in a pious manner.--_adj._ P[=I]'OUS-MIND'ED, of a pious disposition. [Fr. _pieux_--L. _pius_.]

PIP, pip, _n._ a disease of fowls--also called _Roup_. [Low L. _pipita_--L. _pipuita_, rheum.]

PIP, pip, _n._ the seed of fruit. [_Pippin_.]

PIP, pip, _n._ one of the spots on dice or playing-cards. [Corr. of prov. _pick_--Fr. _pique_, a spade, at cards.]

PIP, pip, _v.t._ (_slang_) to blackball.

PIP, pip, _v.i._ to chirp, as a young bird.

PIPE, p[=i]p, _n._ a musical wind instrument consisting of a long tube: any long tube: a tube of clay, &c., with a bowl at one end for smoking tobacco: a pipeful: the note of a bird: a cask containing two hogsheads.--_v.i._ to play upon a pipe: to whistle, to chirp: to make a shrill noise.--_v.t._ to play on a pipe: to call with a pipe, as on board ships: to give forth shrill notes: to supply with pipes, to convey by pipes.--_ns._ PIP'AGE, conveyance or distribution by pipes; PIPE'-CASE, a box softly lined to protect a pipe; PIPE'CLAY, a fine white plastic clay, very like kaolin, but containing a larger percentage of silica, used for making tobacco-pipes and fine earthenware.--_v.t._ to whiten with pipeclay: (_slang_) to blot out, as accounts.--_adj._ PIPED (p[=i]pt), tubulous or fistulous.--_ns._ PIPE'-FISH, a genus of fishes in the same order as the seahorse, having a long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout, hence the name; PIPE'-LAY'ER; PIPE'-LAY'ING, the laying down of pipes for gas, water, &c.; PIPE'-OFF'ICE, formerly an office in the Court of Exchequer in which the clerk of the pipe made out crown-land leases; PIP'ER; PIPE'-ROLL, a pipe-like roll, the earliest among the records of the Exchequer; PIPE'-ST[=A]'PLE, the stalk of a tobacco-pipe: a stalk of grass; PIPE'-STICK, the wooden tube used as the stem of some tobacco-pipes; PIPE'-TONGS, an implement for holding or turning metal pipes or pipe-fittings; PIPE'-TREE, the lilac; PIPE'-WINE (_Shak._), wine drawn from the cask, as distinguished from bottled wine; PIPE'-WRENCH, a wrench with one movable jaw, both so shaped as to bite together when placed on a pipe and rotated round it.--PIPE DOWN, to dismiss from muster, as a ship's company; PIPE OFF, to watch a house or person for purposes of theft; PIPE ONE'S EYE, to weep.--DRUNK AS A PIPER, very drunk; PAY THE PIPER, to bear the expense. [A.S. _pípe_; Dut. _pijp_, Ger. _pfeife_.]

PIPERACEOUS, pip-e-r[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ pertaining to the PIPER[=A]'CEÆ, the pepper family.--_adj._ PIPER'IC, produced from such plants.--_n._ PIP'ERINE, an alkaloid found in pepper. [L. _piper_, pepper.]

PIPETTE, pi-pet', _n._ a small tube for removing small portions of a fluid from one vessel to another. [Fr.]

PIPI, p[=e]'p[=e], _n._ the astringent pods of _Cæsalpinia pipai_, a Brazilian plant used in tanning.

PIPING, p[=i]'ping, _adj._ uttering a weak, shrill, piping sound, like the sick: sickly: feeble: boiling.--_n._ act of piping: sound of pipes: a system of pipes for any purpose: small cord used as trimming for dresses, &c.: a slip or cutting taken from a plant with a jointed stem.

PIPISTREL, PIPISTRELLE, pip-is-trel', _n._ a small reddish-brown bat. [Fr.]

PIPIT, pip'it, _n._ a genus of birds resembling larks in plumage and wagtails in habits, the most common British species being the titlark.

PIPKIN, pip'kin, _n._ a small earthen pot. [_Pipe_.]

PIPPIN, pip'in, _n._ a kind of apple. [O. Fr. _pepin_--L. _pepo_--Gr. _pep[=o]n_, a melon.]

PIPUL, pip'ul, _n._ the sacred fig-tree.--Also PIP'AL, PIPP'UL-TREE, PEEP'UL-TREE. [Hind.]

PIPY, p[=i]'pi, _adj._ like a pipe: tubular.

PIQUANT, p[=e]'kant, _adj._ stimulating to the taste: of a lively spark.--_n._ PIQ'UANCY.--_adv._ PIQ'UANTLY. [Fr. _piquant_, pr.p. of _piquer_, to prick.]

PIQUE, p[=e]k, _n._ an offence taken: a feeling of anger or vexation caused by wounded pride: spite: nicety: punctilio.--_v.t._ to wound the pride of: to offend: to pride or value (one's self):--_pr.p._ piq'uing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ piqued. [Fr. _pique_, a pike, pique; cf. _Pick_ and _Pike_.]

PIQUÉ, p[=e]-k[=a]', _n._ a heavy cotton fabric having a surface corded or with a raised lozenge pattern: a similar pattern produced by quilting with the needle.--_n._ PIQUÉ-WORK. [Fr.]

PIQUET. Same as PICKET.

PIQUET, pi-ket', _n._ a game at cards.--_n._ PIQUE, in piquet, the scoring of 30 points in one hand before the other side scores at all. [_Picket_.]

PIRAGUA, pi-rä'gwä. Same as PERIAGUA.

PIRATE, p[=i]'r[=a]t, _n._ one who, without authority, attempts to capture ships at sea: a sea-robber: an armed vessel which, without legal right, plunders other vessels at sea: one who steals or infringes a copyright.--_v.t._ to rob at sea: to take without permission, as books or writings.--_n._ P[=I]'RACY, the crime of a pirate: robbery on the high seas: infringement of copyright.--_adjs._ PIRAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to a pirate: practising piracy.--_adv._ PIRAT'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L. _pirata_--Gr. _peirat[=e]s_--_peiraein_, to attempt.]

PIRIFORM, pir'i-form, _adj._ pear-shaped.

PIRN, pirn, _n._ anything that revolves or twists: a reel, bobbin, &c.: the amount of thread wound on a shuttle or reel.

PIRNIE, pir'ni, _n._ (_Scot._) a striped woollen nightcap.

PIROGUE, pi-r[=o]g'. See PERIAGUA.

PIROUETTE, pir-[=oo]-et', _n._ a wheeling about, esp. in dancing: the whirling round of a horse on the same ground.--_v.i._ to execute a pirouette. [Fr.]

PISCES, pis'[=e]z, _n._ the Fishes, the twelfth sign of the zodiac.--_ns._ PIS'CARY, right of fishing in another man's waters; PISCATOL'OGY, the scientific study of fishes; PISC[=A]'TOR, an angler:--_fem._ PISC[=A]'TRIX.--_adj._ PISCAT[=O]'RIAL, relating to fishes or fishing: fond of fishing--also PIS'CATORY.--_n._ PIS'CICAPTURE, the taking of fish.--_adjs._ PISCIC'OLOUS, parasitic upon fishes; PISCICUL'TURAL, pertaining to pisciculture.--_ns._ PIS'CICULTURE, the rearing of fish by artificial methods; PIS'CICULTURIST, a fish-culturist.--_adjs._ PIS'CIFORM, in shape like a fish: having the form of a fish; PIS'CINE, pertaining to fishes; PISCIV'OROUS, feeding on fishes. [L. _piscis_, a fish.]

PISCINA, pis-[=i]'na, _n._ a basin or tank, esp. one for holding fishes or for growing water-plants: a fish-pond: (_archit._) a basin or sink on the south side of the altar in old churches, into which is emptied water used in washing any of the sacred vessels.--_adj._ PIS'CINAL, belonging to a fish-pond. [L., a fish-pond, a cistern--_piscis_, a fish.]

PISÉ, p[=e]-z[=a]', _n._ stiff earth or clay rammed down to form walls or floors. [Fr.]

PISH, pish, _interj._ expressing contempt. [Imit.]

PISIFORM, p[=i]'si-form, _adj_. pea-shaped. [L. _pisum_, pea, _forma_, shape.]

PISMIRE, pis'm[=i]r, _n._ an ant or emmet. [_Piss_, from the strong smell of the ant-hill, A.S. _mire_, ant.]

PISOLITE, p[=i]'s[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a coarse oolite or concretionary limestone in large globules.--_adj._ PISOLIT'IC. [Gr. _pisos_, pea, _lithos_, stone.]

PISS, pis, _v.i._ to discharge urine or make water.--_ns._ PISS'-A-BED (_prov._), the dandelion; PISS'ASPHALT, PIS'OPHALT, a variety of bitumen; PISS'-POT, a chamber-pot. [Fr. _pisser_; imit.]

PISTACHIO, pis-t[=a]'shi-[=o], _n._ the almond-flavoured pistachio-nut, the fruit of the PIST[=A]'CHIA, a small genus of trees of the cashew family, native to western Asia. [It.,--L. _pistacium_--Gr. _pistakion_--Pers. _pist[=a]_.]

PISTAREEN, pis-ta-r[=e]n', _n._ in West Indies, the peseta.

PISTIL, pis'til, _n._ (_bot._) the female organ in the centre of a flower, consisting of three parts--_ovary_, _style_, and _stigma_.--_adjs._ PISTILL[=A]'CEOUS, PIS'TILLARY, growing on a pistil: pertaining to, or having the nature of, a pistil; PIS'TILL[=A]TE, having a pistil: having a pistil only; PISTILLIF'EROUS, bearing a pistil without stamens. [Fr.,--L. _pistillum_, a pestle.]

PISTOL, pis'tol, _n._ a small hand-gun, held in one hand when fired.--_v.t._ to shoot with a pistol.--_ns._ PISTOLEER', one armed with a pistol; PIS'TOLET, a little pistol; PIS'TOL-SHOT. [O. Fr. _pistole_--It. _pistola_, said to be from _Pistoja_ (orig. _Pistola_), a town in Italy.]

PISTOLE, pis't[=o]l, _n._ a Spanish gold coin=about 16 shillings. [Same as above.]

PISTON, pis'tun, _n._ a circular plate of metal, or other material, used in pumps, steam-engines, &c., fitting and moving up and down within a tube or hollow cylinder.--_n._ PIS'TON-ROD, the rod to which the piston is fixed, and which moves up and down with it. [Fr.,--It. _pistone_--_pesto_, to pound--L. _pins[)e]re_, _pistum_.]

PIT, pit, _n._ a hole in the earth: a place whence minerals are dug: the bottomless pit: the grave: the abode of evil spirits: a hole used as a trap for wild beasts: the hollow of the stomach, or that under the arm at the shoulder: the indentation left by smallpox: the ground-floor of a theatre: an enclosure in which cocks fight: the shaft of a mine.--_v.t._ to mark with little hollows: to lay in a pit: to set in competition:--_pr.p._ pit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pit'ted.--_ns._ PIT'-COAL, coal dug from a pit--not _charcoal_; PIT'-FRAME, the framework round a mine-shaft; PIT'-HEAD, the ground at the mouth of a pit, and the machinery, &c., on it; PIT'MAN, a man who works in a coal-pit or a saw-pit, esp. the man who works the pumping machinery in the shaft of a mine: (_mach._) a rod connecting a rotary with a reciprocating part.--_adj._ PIT'TED, marked with small pits.--_ns._ PIT'TING, the act of digging, or of placing in, a pit: a group of pit-marks: a corrosion of the inside of steam-boilers, &c.; PIT'-VILL'AGE, a group of miners' houses near a pit. [A.S. _pyt_, _pytt_--L. _puteus_, a well.]

PITAKA, pit'a-ka, _n._ a collection of Buddhist scriptures, as made in Tibet. [Sans., 'basket.']

PITAPAT, pit'a-pat, _adv._ with palpitation or quick beating.--_adj._ fluttering.--_n._ a light, quick step: a succession of light taps.--_v.i._ to step or tread quickly.