Chapter XXVII: Part 27

ROBE, r[=o]b, _n._ a gown or outer garment: a dress of dignity or state: a rich dress: a dressed skin: the largest and strongest tobacco-leaves: the early form of the chasuble.--_v.t._ to dress, clothe.--_v.i._ to assume official vestments.--_ns._ ROBE'-DE-CHAM'BRE, a dressing-gown; ROBE'-M[=A]K'ER, a maker of official robes; ROB'ING, the act of putting on ceremonious apparel: a trimming on women's garments; ROB'ING-ROOM, a room in which those wearing official robes, as lawyers, &c., put them on.--MASTER OF THE ROBES, an officer having the charge of the sovereign's robes; THE ROBE, or THE LONG ROBE, the legal profession. [Fr. _robe_, _robbe_; from Old High Ger. _raup_ (Ger. _raub_), booty.]

ROBERD, rob'[.e]rd, _n._ the chaffinch.

ROBERTSMAN, rob'[.e]rts-man, _n._ a stout robber.--Also ROB'ERDSMAN.

ROBIN, rob'in, _n._ the ROB'IN-RED'BREAST, a well-known and widely-spread singing bird of the family _Sylviidæ_, with a reddish-orange breast: the red-breasted thrush of North America: the sea-robin or red-breasted merganser: a trimming in front of a dress.--_ns._ ROB'IN-BREAST, the robin-snipe; ROB'IN-DIP'PER, the buffle-headed duck; ROB'INET, a chaffinch: a little robin: a tap; ROB'IN-GOOD'FELLOW, the English name of a domestic spirit or brownie, described as the offspring of a woman and Oberon, king of the fairies: an elf or fairy generally, Puck; ROB'IN-RUN-IN-THE-HEDGE, the ground-ivy: the bed-straw; ROB'IN-SNIPE, the red-breasted sandpiper; ROB'IN'S-RYE, the hair-cap moss. [A familiar form of _Robert_; cf. _Jack_-daw, _Mag_-pie.]

ROBINIA, r[=o]-bin'i-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous trees and shrubs--the _Locust-tree_, the _False Acacia_, _Thorn Acacia_, often simply Acacia. [From the Paris gardener Jean _Robin_ (1550-1629).]

ROBLE, r[=o]'bl, _n._ one of the white oaks of California. [Sp.,--L. _robur_, oak.]

ROBORANT, rob'or-ant, _adj._ giving strength.--_n._ a strengthening medicine.--_adj._ ROB[=O]'REOUS, like oak, strong. [L. _robor[=a]re_, to strengthen.]

ROBURITE, rob'[=u]-r[=i]t, _n._ a flameless explosive, composed of chlorinated dinitro-benzene mixed with sufficient ammonium nitrate to completely oxidise it.

ROBUST, r[=o]-bust', _adj._ of great strength or vigour: requiring strength: rude, rough.--_adj._ ROBUST'IOUS (_Milt._), violent, rough.--_adv._ ROBUST'IOUSLY.--_n._ ROBUST'IOUSNESS.--_adv._ ROBUST'LY.--_n._ ROBUST'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _robustus_--_robur_, oak.]

ROC, rok, _n._ an immense fabulous bird, able to carry off an elephant--also ROK, RUC, RUKH.--ROC'S EGG, a mare's nest. [Pers. _rukh_.]

ROCAILLE, r[=o]-kal'-ye, _n._ a scroll ornament of the eighteenth century.

ROCAMBOLE, rok'am-b[=o]l, _n._ a plant of the same genus with garlic, onion, leek, &c., long cultivated in kitchen-gardens.--Also ROK'AMBOLE.

ROCCELLA, rok-sel'a, _n._ a genus of parmeliaceous lichens, yielding dyers' archil or orchil.--_adjs._ ROCCEL'LIC, ROCCEL'LINE. [Cf. _Archil._]

ROCCUS, rok'us, _n._ a genus of serranoid fishes, including the rock-fish or striped bass of the United States.

ROCHEA, r[=o]'k[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of plants of the order _Crassulaceæ_. [From the botanist _Laroche_.]

ROCHELLE-POWDER, r[=o]-shel'-pow'd[.e]r, _n._ seidlitz-powder.--_n._ ROCHELLE'-SALT, the popular name of the tartrate of soda and potash discovered in 1672 by a _Rochelle_ apothecary named Seignette.

ROCHET, roch'et, _n._ a close-fitting fine linen or lawn vestment proper to bishops and abbots: a mantlet worn by the peers of England during ceremonies. [O. Fr., dim. of Low L. _roccus_--Old High Ger. _roch_ (A.S. _rocc_, Ger. _rock_), a coat.]

ROCHES MOUTONNÉES, rosh m[=oo]-to-n[=a], _n.pl._ smooth, rounded, hummocky bosses and undulating surfaces of rock, common in regions overflowed by glacier-ice. [Fr., _roche_, a rock, _moutonnée_, masc. _moutonné_, rounded like a sheep's back.]

ROCK, rok, _n._ a large mass of stone: (_geol._) a natural deposit of sand, earth, or clay: that which has the firmness of a rock, foundation, support, defence: (_Scot._) a distaff: a hard sweetmeat.--_v.t._ to throw stones at.--_ns._ ROCK'-AL'UM, alum stone; ROCK'-AWAY, a four-wheeled North American pleasure-carriage; ROCK'-BAD'GER, a ground-squirrel of North America; ROCK'-B[=A]S'IN, a lacustrine hollow in a rock, excavated by glacier-ice; ROCK'-BASS, a centrarchoid fish, the goggle-eye; ROCK'-BIRD, a cock of the rock.--_adj._ ROCK'-BOUND, hemmed in by rocks.--_ns._ ROCK'-BREAK'ER, a machine for breaking stones for road-metal; ROCK'-BUTT'ER, an impure alum efflorescence of a butter-like consistency found oozing from some alum slates; ROCK'-CAN'DY, pure sugar in large crystals: candy-sugar; ROCK'-CIST, a plant of the genus _Helianthemum_; ROCK'-COOK, the small-mouthed wrasse; ROCK'-CORK, mountain cork, a variety of asbestos; ROCK'-CRAB, a crab found at rocky sea-bottoms.--_adj._ ROCK'-CROWNED, surmounted with rocks.--_ns._ ROCK'-CRYS'TAL, the finest and purest quartz, the name being generally applied, however, only to crystals in which the six-sided prism is well developed; ROCK'-DOL'PHIN, the sea-scorpion; ROCK'-DOVE, the rock-pigeon or blue-rock; ROCK'-DRILL, a machine-drill worked by steam, &c.; ROCK'-EEL, a fish of the family _Xiphidiontidæ_; ROCK'-ELM, an American elm; ROCK'ER, the rock-dove; ROCK'ERY, ROCK'WORK, a mound made with pieces of rock, earth, &c. for the cultivation of ferns, &c.; ROCK'-F[=E]'VER, intermittent fever; ROCK'-FIRE, in pyrotechny, a composition of resin, sulphur, nitre, regulus of antimony, and turpentine, burning slowly; ROCK'-FISH, a name applied to various different varieties of wrasse, the striped bass, black goby, &c.; ROCK'-GOAT, an ibex; ROCK'-HAWK, the merlin; ROCK'-HEAD, bed-rock; ROCK'-HOP'PER, a curl-crested penguin; ROCK'IE (_Scot._), the rock-lintie or twite; ROCK'INESS; ROCK'-LEATH'ER, rock-cork; ROCK'-LIL'Y, a tropical American cryptogamous plant: a white-flowered Australian orchid; ROCK'-LIM'PET, a limpet which adheres to rocks; ROCK'LING, a genus of fishes of the cod family _Gadidæ_, of which several species frequent the British seas; ROCK'-LIN'TIE (_Scot._), the twite: the ROCK'-LARK; ROCK'-MAN'IKIN, a rock-bird; ROCK'-MOSS, lichen which yields archil; ROCK'-OIL, petroleum; ROCK'-OU'SEL, the ring-ousel; ROCK'-OYS'TER, an oyster-like bivalve; ROCK'-PI'GEON, a pigeon inhabiting rocks and caves: the sand-pigeon; ROCK'-PIP'IT, the British tit-lark.--_n.pl._ ROCK'-PLANTS, a term applied in gardening to a very miscellaneous group of plants which by their habit of growth are adapted to adorn rockeries.--_ns._ ROCK'-PLOV'ER, the rock-snipe; ROCK'-RABB'IT, a hyrax; ROCK'-ROSE, a plant of either of the genera _Cistus_ and _Helianthemum_ of the rock-rose family (_Cistaceæ_); ROCK'-RU'BY, a ruby-red garnet; ROCK'-SALM'ON, the coal-fish: an amber-fish; ROCK'-SALT, salt in solid form; ROCK'-SER'PENT, a venomous Indian serpent, allied to the cobra; ROCK'-SL[=A]T'ER, a wood-louse; ROCK'-SNAKE, a python or anaconda; ROCK'-SNIPE, the purple sandpiper; ROCK'-SOAP, a deep-black mineral used for crayons, consisting of silica, alumina, peroxide of iron, and water; ROCK'-SPARR'OW, a finch: the ring-sparrow; ROCK'-STAR'LING, the rock-ousel; ROCK'-SWIFT, the white-throated rock-swift of North America; ROCK'-TAR, petroleum; ROCK'-TEM'PLE, a temple hewn out of the solid rock; ROCK'-THRUSH, any bird of the genus _Monticola_ or _Petrocincla_; ROCK'-TRIPE, lichens of the genus _Umbilicaria_; ROCK'-TROUT, the common American brook-trout: sea-trout; ROCK'-V[=I]'OLET, an alga growing on moist rocks in the Alps; ROCK'-WAR'BLER, a small Australian bird; ROCK'-WIN'KLE, a periwinkle; ROCK'-WOOD, ligniform asbestos; ROCK'WORK (_archit._), masonry in imitation of masses of rock: a rockery; ROCK'-WREN, a wren which frequents rocks.--_adj._ ROCK'Y, full of rocks: resembling a rock: hard: unfeeling. [O. Fr. _roke_, roche; prob. Celt., as in Gael. _roc_, W. _rhwg_, a projection.]

ROCK, rok, _n._ a distaff.--_n._ ROCK'ING, an evening party in the country. [Ice. _rokkr_; Ger. _rocken_.]

ROCK, rok, _v.t._ to move backward and forward: to lull or quiet.--_v.i._ to be moved backward and forward, to reel.--_ns._ ROCK'ER, the curved support on which a cradle or rocking-chair rocks: a rocking-horse or chair: a mining cradle; ROCK'-CAM, a cam keyed to a rock-shaft; ROCK'ING, a swaying backward and forward: the abrading of a copper plate with a rocker, preparatory to mezzo-tinting: the motion by which the design on a steel mill is transferred to a copper cylinder; ROCK'ING-BEAM, an oscillating beam in an automatic transmitter; ROCK'ING-CHAIR, a chair mounted on rockers; ROCK'ING-HORSE, the figure of a horse, of wood or other material, mounted on rockers for children: a hobby-horse; ROCK'ING-PIER, a pier fastened by a movable joint so as to allow it to rock slightly; ROCK'ING-STONE, a logan, or large mass of rock so finely poised as to move backward and forward with the slightest impulse; ROCK'ING-TREE, in weaving, the axle from which the lay of a loom is suspended; ROCK'-SHAFT, in steam-engines, a shaft that oscillates instead of revolving.--_adj._ ROCK'Y, disposed to rock: tipsy. [A.S. _roccian_; cf. Dan. _rokke_, to rock, Ger. _rücken_, to pull.]

ROCKEL, rok'el, _n._ (prov.) a woman's cloak.

ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ a firework which is projected through the air, used for making signals in war, and for saving life at sea by conveying a line over a stranded vessel.--_v.i._ to fly straight up rapidly when flushed.--_ns._ ROCK'ET-CASE, a case for holding the materials of a rocket; ROCK'ETER. [Old It. _rocchetto_; of Teut. origin. Cf. _Rock_, a distaff.]

ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ any one of several ornamental Old World herbs of the genus Hesperis, of the mustard family. [O. Fr. _roquette_--L. _eruca_, cole-wort.]

ROCOCO, r[=o]-k[=o]'k[=o], _n._ a debased style of architecture and decoration in the 18th century, marked by endless multiplication of ornamental details. [Fr., prob. from Fr. _rocaille_, rockwork.]

ROCTA, rok'ta, _n._ a medieval musical instrument, resembling the violin.

ROD, rod, _n._ a long twig: a slender stick: anything long and slender, as a magic rod, a lightning-rod, a fishing-rod, &c.: an instrument of correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or perch (5½ yards, or 16½ feet)--the square rod, generally called rood, is employed in estimating masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or 272¼ sq. feet: (_fig._) punishment: authority: oppression: (_B._) race or tribe: one of the layers of rods composing the retina of the eye: any bar connecting parts of a machine.--_v.t._ to furnish with rods, esp. lightning-rods.--_ns._ ROD'-FISH'ER; ROD'-FISH'ING, fly-fishing: angling; ROD'-LINE, a fishing-line not wound on a reel; ROD'-MACHINE', in wood-working, a machine for cutting cylindrical sticks such as broom-handles; ROD'-RING, one of the rings along a fishing-rod through which the line runs; ROD'STER, an angler.--NAPIER'S RODS (see NAPIERIAN). [A.S. _ród_; Dut. _roede_, Ger. _ruthe_; L. _rudis_.]

RODDIN, rod'in, _n._ (_Scot._) rowan-tree.

RODE, r[=o]d, _pa.t._ of ride.

RODE, r[=o]d, _n._ (_Spens._) a raid, an incursion: also, a roadstead. [_Road._]

RODENT, r[=o]'dent, _adj._ gnawing: belonging to the _Rodentia_.--_n._ a rodent mammal.--_n.pl._ RODEN'TIA, an order of mammals including squirrels, beavers, rats, rabbits, &c. [L. _rod[)e]re_, to gnaw.]

RODEO, r[=o]-d[=a]'[=o], _n._ a gathering of cattle to be branded. [Sp., _rodar_, to go round--L. _rot[=a]re_, to wheel.]

RODGE, roj, _n._ (prov.) the gray duck.--Also RADGE.

RODOMEL, rod'[=o]-mel, _n._ the juice of roses mixed with honey. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _meli_, honey.]

RODOMONTADE, rod-[=o]-mon-t[=a]d', _n._ vain boasting, like that of _Rodomonte_ in the _Orlando Furioso_ of Ariosto (earlier ROD'OMONT).--_v.i._ to bluster or brag.--_ns._ RODOMONT[=A]'DIST, RODOMONT[=A]'DO (_obs._).

ROE, r[=o], _n._ the eggs or spawn of fishes: a mottled appearance in wood, esp. mahogany.--_adj._ ROED, containing roe. [Ice. _hrogn_; Ger. _rogen_.]

ROE, r[=o], _n._ a species of deer, smaller than the fallow-deer: also the female of the hart.--_ns._ ROE'BUCK, the male of the roe, having usually one front antler and two hinder ones; ROE'BUCK-BERR'Y, the stone-bramble; ROE'-DEER, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. _ráh_; Ger. _reh_, Dut. _ree_.]

ROE-STONE, r[=o]'-st[=o]n, _n._ the same as _Oolite_ (q.v.).

ROG, rog, _v.t._ (_obs._) to shake.

ROGATION, r[=o]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ an asking: supplication.--_n.pl._ ROG[=A]'TION-DAYS, the three days before the festival of Ascension, the Litany being anciently recited in procession then.--_ns._ ROG[=A]'TION-FLOW'ER, the milk-wort; ROG[=A]'TION-SUN'DAY, that before Ascension-day; ROG[=A]'TION-WEEK, the week in which the rogation-days occur.--_adj._ ROG'ATORY. [L.,--_rog[=a]re_, to ask.]

ROGER, roj'[.e]r, _n._ (prov.) ram: a rogue.--(SIR) ROGER-DE-COVERLEY, an English country-dance.

ROGGAN, rog'an, _n._ (_prov._) a rocking-stone.

ROGGENSTEIN, rog'en-st[=i]n, _n._ a kind of oolite in which the grains are cemented by argillaceous matter. [Ger., _roggen_, rye, _stein_, stone.]

ROGGLE, rog'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to shake.

ROGUE, r[=o]g, _n._ a dishonest person: a knave: a mischievous or frolicsome person: a vagrant, a sturdy beggar: a wag: a playful person: a plant that falls short of a standard.--_v.i._ to play the rogue.--_v.t._ to cheat.--_ns._ ROGUE'-EL'EPHANT, one which lives solitarily, and is of dangerous temper; ROGUE'-HOUSE, a lock-up; ROGUE'-MON'EY, an assessment formerly levied in every county in Scotland for the expenses of catching and prosecuting criminals; ROG'UERY, knavish tricks: fraud: mischievousness: waggery; ROGUE'SHIP; ROGUE'S'-MARCH, music played when drumming a soldier from a regiment, or driving any one away in disgrace.--_adj._ ROG'UISH, knavish: mischievous: waggish.--_adv._ ROG'UISHLY.--_n._ ROG'UISHNESS.--_adj._ R[=O]'GUY (_obs._).--ROGUES' GALLERY, a collection of photographs of criminals kept at police headquarters. [O. Fr. _rogue_, proud; either from Bret. _rok_, proud, or acc. to Diez, from Ice. _hrók-r_, proud.]

ROHAN, r[=o]'han, _n._ an East Indian timber-tree--called also _Red-wood_ and _East Indian mahogany_.

ROIL, roil, _v.t._ to render turbid: to vex: to rile: to salt fish with a machine called a ROIL'ER--also ROYLE.--_adj._ ROIL'Y, muddy. [O. Fr. _roeler_, _roler_, to disturb, cog. with _roll_; or O. Fr. _roille_--L. _robigo_, rust.]

ROINISH, roi'nish, _adj._ (_Shak._) mangy, mean.--Also ROI'NOUS. [O. Fr. _roigneux_--L. _robiginosus_, rusty--_robigo_, rust.]

ROIST, roist, ROISTER, rois't[.e]r, _v.i._ to bluster, swagger, bully.--_ns._ ROIS'TER (_arch._), ROIS'TERER.--_adj._ ROIS'TEROUS.--_p.adj. _ ROIS'TING (_Shak._), blustering, bullying. [O. Fr. _rustre_, a rough, rude fellow--O. Fr. _ruste_--L. _rusticus_, rustic.]

ROITELET, roi'te-let, _n._ a petty king: (_ornith._) a kinglet or gold-crest.

ROKE, r[=o]k, _n._ (_prov_.) mist: smoke.--_adj._ R[=O]'KY, misty, foggy.

ROKEAGE, r[=o]'k[=a]j, _n._ parched and sweetened Indian corn--also R[=O]'KEE.--Also called _Pinole_.

ROKELAY, rok'e-l[=a], _n._ Same as ROQUELAURE.

ROKER, r[=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ the thornback ray.

ROLAND, r[=o]'land, _n._ a chivalrous hero, from _Roland_ in the Charlemagne legend, slain by the Gascons at Roncesvalles in 778.--A ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER, a blow for a blow, anything done or said to match something else.

RÔLE, r[=o]l, _n._ the part performed by an actor in a play: any important part played in public life. [Fr.]

ROLE, r[=o]l, _n._ an ancient unit of quantity, seventy-two sheets of parchment.

ROLL, r[=o]l, _v.i._ to turn like a wheel: to turn on an axis: to be formed into a roll or cylinder: to move, as waves: to be tossed about: to move tumultuously: to be hurled: to rock, or move from side to side: to wallow: to spread under a roller: to sound as a drum beaten rapidly: to move onward.--_v.t._ to cause to roll: to turn on an axis: to wrap round on itself: to enwrap: to drive forward: to move upon wheels: to press or smooth with rollers: to beat rapidly, as a drum.--_n._ act of rolling: that which rolls: a revolving cylinder making sheets, plates, &c.: a roller: that which is rolled up--hence parchment, paper, &c. wound into a circular form: a document: a register: a kind of fancy bread: the continued sound of a drum, of thunder, &c.: a swagger or rolling gait.--_adj._ ROLL'-ABOUT', podgy.--_ns._ ROLL'-CALL, the calling of the roll or list of names, as in the army; ROLL'-C[=U]'M[=U]LUS, a form of strato-cumulus cloud; ROLL'ER, that which rolls: a cylinder used for rolling, grinding, &c.: one of a family of Picarian birds: a long, broad bandage: (_pl._) long heavy waves; ROLL'ER-SKATE, a skate mounted on wheels or rollers for use on asphalt or some other smooth surface.--_adj._ ROLL'ING, modulating: moving on wheels: making a continuous sound.--_ns._ ROLL'ING-MILL, a place in which metal is made into sheets, bars, rails, or rods, by working it between pairs of rolls: a machine for rolling metal, &c., into any required form, or for crushing materials between rollers; ROLL'ING-PIN, a cylindrical piece of wood for rolling dough, paste, &c. to any required thickness; ROLL'ING-PRESS, a press of two cylinders for rolling or calendering cloth; ROLL'ING-STOCK, the stock or store of locomotive-engines, carriages, &c. of a railway; ROLL'WAY, an incline: a shoot.--MASTER OF THE ROLLS, the head of the Record-office. [O. Fr. _roler_, _roeler_ (Fr. _rouler_)--Low L. _rotul[=a]re_--L. _rotula_, a little wheel--_rota_, a wheel.]

ROLLICK, rol'lik, _v.i._ to move or act with a careless, swaggering, frolicsome air:--_pr.p._ rol'licking; _pa.p._ rol'licked.--_adj._ ROL'LICKING, careless, swaggering. [Prob. _roll_, with dim. suffix.]

ROLLOCK. See _Rowlock_.

ROLY-POLY, r[=o]l'i-p[=o]l'i, _n._ a pudding made of a sheet of paste, covered with sweetmeats, and rolled up: a stout podgy person: an old game in which balls are bowled into holes or thrown into hats placed on the ground.--_adj._ round, podgy.

ROM, rom, _n._ a gipsy. [Gipsy _rom_, man, husband.]

ROMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) tumult. [_Rummage._]

ROMAIC, ro-m[=a]'ik, _n._ modern Greek, the language of the descendants of the Eastern Romans: Hellenic.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing.--_n._ ROM[=A]'IKA, a modern Greek dance. [Fr. _Romaïque_--modern Gr. _Rh[=o]maikos_--_Rh[=o]m[=e]_, Rome.]

ROMAL, r[=o]-mal', _n._ a braided thong of leather, serving as a horseman's whip. [Sp. _ramal_--L. _ramale_--_ramus_, a branch.]

ROMALEA, r[=o]-m[=a]'l[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of large-bodied, short-winged locusts. [Gr. _rh[=o]m[=e]_, strength.]

ROMAN, r[=o]'man, _adj._ pertaining to _Rome_ or to the Romans: pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion, papal: (_print._) noting the letters commonly used, as opposed to Italics: written in letters (as IV.), not in figures (as 4).--_n._ a native or citizen of Rome: a Romanist in religion: a Roman letter or type.--_adj._ ROMAN'IC, pertaining to Rome or its people.--_n._ ROMANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ R[=O]'MAN[=I]SE, to convert to the Roman Catholic religion: to Latinise: to represent by Roman letters or types.--_v.i._ to conform to Roman Catholic opinions or practices: to print in Roman letters.--_n._ ROMAN[=I]'SER.--_adj._ R[=O]'MANISH, pertaining to Romanism.--_ns._ R[=O]'MANISM, the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church; R[=O]'MANIST, a Roman Catholic.--_adj._ ROMAN CATHOLIC.--_adj._ R[=O]'MANO-BYZAN'TINE, pertaining to an early medieval style of architecture in which Byzantine and Western elements are combined.--_ns._ ROME'-PENN'Y, -SCOT, Peter's pence.--_adv._ ROME'WARD, toward the Roman Catholic Church.--_adj._ R[=O]'MISH, belonging to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church.--_n._ R[=O]'MIST.--ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, a style characterised by the size and boldness of its round arches and vaults, &c.--baths, aqueducts, basilicas, amphitheatres, &c.; ROMAN CANDLE, a firework discharging a succession of white or coloured stars; ROMAN CATHOLIC, denoting those who recognise the spiritual supremacy of the Pope or Bishop of Rome--as a noun, a member of the Roman Catholic Church; ROMAN CATHOLICISM, the doctrines and polity of the Roman Catholic Church collectively; ROMAN CEMENT, a cement which hardens under water; ROMAN COLLAR, a collar made of lawn or fine linen, bound and stitched, worn by priests over a black collar, by bishops over a purple, and cardinals over a scarlet; ROMAN EMPIRE, the ancient empire of Rome, divided in the 4th century into the Eastern and Western Empires; ROMAN LAW, the civil law.--HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (see HOLY). [L. _Romanus_--_Roma_, Rome.]

ROMANCE, r[=o]-mans', _n._ a general name for those modern languages in southern Europe which sprang from a corruption of the Roman or Latin language--Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal, French, Roumanian, Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of these dialects: any fictitious and wonderful tale: a fictitious narrative in prose or verse which passes beyond the limits of real life: a ballad.--_adj._ belonging to the dialects called Romance.--_v.i._ to write or tell romances: to talk extravagantly: to build castles in the air.--_ns._ ROMAN'CER, ROMAN'CIST.--_adjs._ ROMAN'CICAL (_Lamb_), dealing with romance; ROMAN'IC, Romance: derived from the Roman alphabet. [O. Fr. _romans_--Low L. adv. (_loqui_) _romanice_, (to speak) in the Roman or Latin tongue--L. _Romanicus_, Roman.]

ROMANESQUE, r[=o]-man-esk', _n._ that which pertains to romance: (_archit._) the style of round-arched and vaulted architecture which succeeded Roman architecture, from about the time of Constantine (c. 350 A.D.) till it was gradually superseded by Gothic in the 12th century: the dialect of Languedoc. [Fr.,--Sp. _Romanesco_--L. _Romanicus_.]

ROMANSCH, r[=o]-mansh', _n._ the language spoken from the Grisons to Friuli on the Adriatic.--Also RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC.

ROMANT, r[=o]-mant', _v.i._ to romance: to exaggerate.--_n._ a romance--generally R[=O]MAUNT'.

ROMANTIC, r[=o]-man'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling romance: fictitious: extravagant, wild: fantastic: sentimental: imaginative.--_adv._ ROMAN'TICALLY.--_ns._ ROMAN'TICISM, the revolt from the severity, pedanticism, and commonplaceness of a classical or pseudo-classical to a more picturesque, original, free and imaginative style in literature and art, marking the close of the 18th century: romantic feeling; ROMAN'TICIST; ROMAN'TICNESS.

ROMANY, ROMMANY, rom'a-ni, _n._ a gipsy: the language of the gipsies.--_adj._ belonging to the gipsies.--ROMANY RYE, a gentleman who affects the society of gipsies. [Gipsy, _rom_, man.]

ROMERO, r[=o]-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ the pilot-fish.

ROMIC, r[=o]'mik, _n._ a phonetic notation devised by Henry Sweet, based upon the original _Roman_ values of the letters, supplemented by turned and ligatured letters and diagraphs--in part a recasting of Ellis's Glossic.

ROMP, romp, _v.i._ to play noisily: to skip about in play.--_n._ a girl who romps: rude frolic.--_adv._ ROMP'INGLY, in a romping manner: boisterously: rudely.--_adj._ ROMP'ISH, fond of romping or noisy play.--_adv._ ROMP'ISHLY.--_n._ ROMP'ISHNESS. [Ramp.]

ROMPU, rom-p[=u]', _adj._ (_her._) fracted. [Fr.]

RONCADOR, rong'ka-d[=o]r, _n._ one of several sciænoid fishes of the Pacific coast. [Sp.,--L. _rhonchus_, a snoring.]

RONCHIL. See RONQUIL.

RONDACHE, ron-dash', _n._ a buckler. [O. Fr. _rond_.]

RONDE, rond, _n._ (_print._) an angular writing-type.

RONDEAU, ron'd[=o], _n._ a form of poem characterised by closely-knit rhymes and a refrain, and, as defined in the 17th century, consisting of thirteen lines, divided into three unequal strophes--the two or three first words of the first line serving as the burden, recurring after the eighth and thirteenth lines--brought into vogue by Swinburne: (_mus._) a rondo.--_ns._ RON'DEL, a form of French verse, earlier than the rondeau, consisting of thirteen octosyllabic or decasyllabic lines on two rhymes--practised by Charles of Orleans, &c.; RON'DELET, a poem of five lines and two refrains; RON'DO, a musical composition of several strains, during which the first part or subject is repeated several times--often occurring as one of the movements of a sonata: the musical setting of a rondeau: a game of hazard played with small balls; RONDOLET'TO, a simple rondo. [Fr., from _rond_, round.]

RONDELLE, ron-del', _n._ anything round: one of the successive crusts formed on molten metal when cooling, a rosette.--_n._ ROND'LE, a round, step of a ladder (same as RONDELLE). [O. Fr., dim. of _rond_, round.]

RONDURE, ron'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a round, a circle, the globe. [Fr. _rondeur_--_rond_, round.]

RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a shrub, a thicket.

RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ the gutter which collects the rain from the roof--a dial. form of _rine_.

RONG, rong (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ring.

RONGEUR, rong-zh[.e]r, _n._ a forceps for gouging bones.

RONIN, r[=o]'nin, _n._ a discharged Japanese samurai, an outcast or outlaw. [Jap., lit. 'wave-man.']

RONION, RONYON, run'yun, _n._ a mangy, scabby animal or person. [Fr. _rogneux_--_rogne_, mange.]

RONQUIL, rong'kil, _n._ a fish of the North Pacific.--Also RON'CHIL. [Sp. _ronquillo_--_ronco_--L. _raucus_, hoarse.]

RONT, ront. Same as _Runt_ (q.v.).

RÖNTGEN RAYS. See X-RAYS.

ROOD, r[=oo]d, _n._ the fourth part of an acre, or forty perches--from the rod used in measuring: a figure of Christ's cross, and often of the crucifix, esp. that placed at the entrance to the choir in medieval churches.--_ns._ ROOD'-BEAM (_archit._), a beam across the chancel of a church for supporting the rood; ROOD'-LOFT, a gallery over the rood-screen; ROODMAS-DAY, Holy-rood-day; ROOD'-SCREEN, an ornamental partition separating the choir from the nave; ROOD'-STEEP'LE, a spire built over the entrance to the chancel; ROOD'-TREE, the cross; H[=O]'LY-ROOD, a crucifix. [Same as _rod_. A.S. _ród_.]

ROODEBOK, r[=oo]d'e-bok, _n._ the bush-buck. [Dut. _rood_, red, _bok_, buck.]

ROOF, r[=oo]f, _n._ the top covering of a house or building: a vault or arch, or the inner side of it: a house or dwelling: the upper part of the palate: the loftiest part, the roof and crown of things: the top of a subterraneous excavation: (_geol._) the overlying stratum.--_v.t._ to cover with a roof: to shelter.--_ns._ ROOF'ER, one who roofs; ROOF'ING, covering with a roof: materials for a roof: the roof itself: shelter.--_adj._ ROOF'LESS, without a roof: having no house or home: unsheltered.--_ns._ ROOF'LET, a small roof or covering; ROOF'-PLATE, a wall-plate which receives the lower ends of the rafters of a roof.--_adj._ ROOF'-SHAPED, shaped like a gable roof.--_ns._ ROOF'-ST[=A]'GING, a scaffold used in working on an inclined roof; ROOF'-TREE, the beam at the peak of a roof: the roof.--_adj._ ROOF'Y, having a roof or roofs.--FRENCH ROOF, a form of roof with almost vertical sides; GOTHIC ROOF, a very high-pitched roof; MANSARD ROOF (see MANSARD); SQUARE ROOF, one in which the chief rafters meet at a right angle. [A.S. _hróf_; Dut. _roef_.]

ROOK, rook, _n._ a species of crow--from its croak: the ruddy duck: a cheat: a simpleton.--_v.i._ to cheat.--_ns._ ROOK'ER, a swindler; ROOK'ERY, a group of trees on which rooks build: a cluster of mean tenements: a resort of thieves: a disturbance.--_adj._ ROOK'Y (_Shak._), inhabited by rooks. [A.S. _hróc_; Goth. _hrukjan_, to croak.]

ROOK, rook, _n._ a castle or piece used in playing chess. [O. Fr. _roc_--Pers. _rokh_.]

ROOKLE, r[=oo]k'l, _v.i._ to poke about like a pig. [_Rootle._]

ROOL, r[=oo]l, _v.t._ to raggle, to ruffle.

ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ space: a chamber: extent of place: space unoccupied: freedom to act: fit occasion: place of another: stead: (_B._) a seat: a particular place: a box in a theatre: office: the inner room of a cottage: a garret.--_v.i._ to occupy a room, to lodge.--_adv._ (_naut._) off from the wind.--_n._ ROOM'AGE, capacity.--_adj._ ROOMED, containing rooms.--_ns._ ROOM'ER, a lodger; ROOM'FUL, as much or as many as a room will hold.--_adv._ ROOM'ILY.--_n._ ROOM'INESS.--_adsj._ ROOM'-RID'DEN, confined to one's room; ROOM'SOME, roomy.--_adv._ ROOM'Y, having ample room: wide: spacious.--GIVE ROOM, to withdraw so as to leave space for others; MAKE ROOM, to open a way. [A.S. _rúm_; Ger. _raum_, Dut. _ruim_.]

ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ a deep-blue dye.--Also ROUM.

ROON, r[=oo]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a rim or border.

ROOP, r[=oo]p, _v.i._ (_obs._) to roar.--_n._ hoarseness.--_adsj._ ROOP'IT, ROOP'Y (_Scot._), hoarse. [A.S. _hrópan_, pa.t. _hreóp_; cf. Ger. _rufen_, to cry out.]

ROOSE, r[=oo]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to praise highly. [M. E. _rosen_--Scand., Ice. _hrósa_, to praise.]

ROOST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a pole or support on which a bird rests at night: a number of fowls resting together: (_Scot._) the inner roof of a cottage.--_v.i._ to sit or sleep on a roost.--_n._ ROOST'ER, the male of the domestic fowl, cock: any bird that roosts.--AT ROOST, roosting, asleep. [A.S. _hróst_; Dut. _roest_.]

ROOT, r[=oo]t, _n._ the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: anything like a root, a growing plant together with its root: the bottom: a word from which others are derived: the cause, occasion, or basis of anything: the source: the lowest place: the first ancestor, or progenitor: (_math._) the factor of a quantity which multiplied by itself produces that quantity: any value of the unknown quantity in an equation which will render both sides of it identical.--_v.i._ to fix the root: to be firmly established: to tear up: to eradicate: to exterminate.--_v.t._ to plant in the earth: to implant deeply.--_ns._ ROOT'AGE, the act of striking roots; ROOT'-BEER, a drink made from roots of dandelion, sassafras, &c.; ROOT'-B[=O]R'ER, an insect which bores the roots of plants.--_adj._ ROOT'-BOUND (_Milt._), fixed in the earth by, or as by, the root.--_ns._ ROOT'-CAP, a cap-like layer of cells at the tip of roots; ROOT'-CROP, a crop of esculent roots, esp. of single-rooted plants, as turnips, &c.; ROOT'-DIG'GER, a form of tongs for raising carrots, &c.; ROOT'-EAT'ER, any animal feeding habitually on roots.--_adj._ ROOT'ED, firmly planted: fixed by the roots: deep-seated, as a rooted dislike.--_adv._ ROOT'EDLY.--_ns._ ROOT'EDNESS; ROOT'ER.--_adj._ ROOT'-FAST, firmly rooted.--_ns._ ROOT'-F[=I]'BRIL, one of the fine divisions of a root; ROOT'-FORM, a form assumed by an insect when feeding on roots; ROOT'-GRAFT'ING, the process of grafting scions on a part of the root of some appropriate stock; ROOT'-HAIR, a delicate filament developed from a single cell.--_adj._ ROOT'-HEAD'ED, fixed as if rooted by the head.--_ns._ ROOT'-HOUSE, a rustic-house: a storehouse for potatoes, &c.; ROOT'-KNOT, an abnormal knot of a root.--_adj._ ROOT'LESS, destitute of roots.--_ns._ ROOT'LET, a little root: a radicle; ROOT'-LOUSE, one of the plant-lice; ROOT'-PAR'ASITE, a plant which grows upon, and derives its nourishment from, the root of another plant; ROOT'-PRES'SURE, an upward flow of sap, 'bleeding;' ROOT'-PULP'ER, a mill for grinding roots; ROOT'-SHEATH, the sheath of the root of a hair or feather; ROOT'-STOCK (_bot._), a prostrate rooting stem, either fleshy or woody, which yearly produces young branches or plants: origin.--_adj._ ROOT'Y, abounding in roots: rank.--ROOT AND BRANCH, completely; ROOT OF BITTERNESS, a dangerous error drawing away to apostasy; ROOT OF THE MATTER, that which is essential.--STRIKE, or TAKE, ROOT, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice. _rót_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.]

ROOT, r[=oo]t, _v.t._ to turn up with the snout.--_v.i_. to turn up the earth with the snout.--_n._ ROOT'ER.--_v.t._ ROOT'LE. [A.S. _wrótan_--_wrót_, a snout.]

ROPALIC=_Rhopalic_ (q.v.).

ROPE, showing method of construction.

ROPE, r[=o]p, _n._ a thick twisted cord: a string consisting of a number of things united, as a rope of pearls: anything glutinous and stringy: a local lineal measure, 20 feet.--_v.i._ to fasten with a rope, to restrain: to catch with a noosed rope: to tether: to enclose: to extend into a thread, as by a glutinous quality.--_ns._ ROPE'-CLAMP, a pair of clamping jaws for securing the end of a cord; ROPE'-DANC'ER, one who performs acrobatic feats on a rope: a rope-walker; ROPE'-DRILL'ING, a method of boring holes in which a rope is used; ROPE'-HOUSE, an evaporating-house in salt manufacture; ROPE'-LADD'ER, a ladder made of ropes; ROPE'-MACHINE', a machine for making ropes from yarn; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ER, R[=O]'PER, a maker of ropes; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ING; ROPE'-POR'TER, a pulley to save the ropes of steam-ploughs from friction; ROPE'-PULL'ING, the sport of pulling at a rope, each party endeavouring to draw the other over a line; ROPE'-PUMP, a machine for raising water by an endless rope; R[=O]'PER, a crafty fellow: one who throws the lasso; ROPE'-RAIL'WAY, a cable-railway.--_adj._ ROPE'-RIPE, deserving to be hanged.--_ns._ ROPE'-RUN'NER, a railway brakesman; R[=O]'PERY, a place where ropes are made; ROPE'-SPIN'NER, one who spins ropes by a revolving wheel; ROPE'-STITCH, a kind of work in which the stitches are laid diagonally side by side; ROPE'-TRICK, a juggling trick in which a man is firmly tied with ropes from which he extricates himself: (_Shak._) a trick deserving the gallows; ROPE'-WALK, a long narrow shed used for the spinning of ropes; ROPE'-WINCH, a set of three whirlers for twisting simultaneously the three yarns of a rope; ROPE'-YARN, a yarn of many fibres for ropes.--_adv._ R[=O]'PILY.--_n._ R[=O]'PINESS, stringiness: viscosity.--_adjs._ R[=O]'PING, R[=O]'PISH, R[=O]'PY, stringy, glutinous.--ROPE IN, to gather in, to enlist; ROPE OF SAND, a tie easily broken; ROPE'S END, an instrument of punishment.--BE AT THE END OF ONE'S ROPE, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; GIVE A PERSON ROPE, to allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. _ráp_; Ice. _reip_, Dut. _reep_, Ger. _reif_.]

ROQUELAURE, rok'e-l[=o]r, _n._ a short cloak worn in the 18th century. [Fr.]

ROQUET, r[=o]-k[=a]', _n._ in the game of croquet, a stroke by which a player strikes another's ball.--_v.t._ to make this shot. [Prob. formed from _croquet_.]

RORIC, r[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to dew: dewy--(_obs._) R[=O]'RAL.--_n._ RORID'ULA, a genus of polypetalous plants of the Sundew family.--_adjs._ RORIF'EROUS, producing dew; RORIF'LUENT, flowing with dew; R[=O]'RULENT, full of dew: covered with bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. _ros_, _roris_, dew.]

RORQUAL, ror'kwal, _n._ a genus of whales of the largest size. [Sw. _rörhval_--_rör_, round, _hval_, whale.]

ROSACEOUS, r[=o]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to the rose family: with the petals arranged like the rose.--_ns._ ROS[=A]'RIAN, a rose-fancier; ROS[=A]'RIUM, a rose-garden; R[=O]'SA-S[=O]'LIS, a cordial made with spirits and various flavourings.--_adj._ R[=O]'S[=A]TED, crowned with roses. [L. _rosaceous_--_rosa_, a rose.]

ROSALIA, r[=o]-z[=a]'li-a, _n._ a form of melody in which a phrase is repeated, each time being transposed a step forward. [It.]

ROSANILINE, r[=o]-zan'i-lin, _n._ a derivative of aniline: magenta: roseine.

ROSARY, r[=o]'za-ri, _n._ the string of beads by which Roman Catholics count their prayers: a series of devotions, aves, paternosters, and glorias: a rose-garden: a chaplet: an anthology.--FESTIVAL OF THE ROSARY, a festival on the first Sunday in October, commemorating the victory over the Turks at Lepanto in 1571. [O. Fr. _rosarie_--Low L. _rosarium_--L. _rosa_, a rose.]

ROSCID, ros'id, _adj._ dewy. [L.,--_ros_, _roris_, dew.]

ROSE, _pa.t._ of _rise_.

ROSE, r[=o]z, _n._ any shrub of the genus _Rosa_, having stems generally prickly, flowers terminal, often corymbose, in colour white, yellow, pink, or red: a flower of one of these shrubs: any one of various plants resembling the true rose: a rosette: a perforated nozzle of a pipe, &c.: light crimson, the colour of the rose: an ornamental tie: erysipelas: (_her._) a conventional representation of the flower.--_v.t._ to flush.--_n._ ROSE'-AC[=A]'CIA, the moss-locust, a tree with deep rose-coloured flowers.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SEAL, like a rose in smell or colour; R[=O]'SE[=A]TE, rosy: full of roses: blooming: red.--_ns._ ROSE'-BEE'TLE, -BUG, a coleopterous insect about an inch long, which is destructive to flowers, esp. roses: the rose-chafer; ROSE'-BERR'Y, the fruit of the rose: a hip; ROSE'-BIT, a cylindrical bit, the oblique surface of which is cut into teeth.--_adj._ ROSE'-BREAST'ED, having rose-colour on the breast.--_ns._ ROSE'-BUD, the bud of the rose: a young girl; ROSE'-BURN'ER, ROSETTE'-BURN'ER, a gas-burner in which the gas issues from a series of openings arranged radially round a centre; ROSE'-BUSH, the shrub which bears roses; ROSE'-CAM'PHOR, one of the two volatile oils composing attar-of-roses; ROSE'-CAM'PION, a red flower, _Lychnis coronaria_; ROSE'-CARN[=A]'TION, a carnation striped with rose-colour; ROSE'-CH[=A]F'ER, an injurious beetle whose grubs destroy the roots of strawberries, &c.; ROSE'-COL'OUR, the colour of a rose, pink: fancied beauty or attractiveness.--_adj._ ROSE'-COL'OURED, having the colour of a rose.--_n._ ROSE'-CROSS, a cross within a circle: a Rosicrucian.--_adj._ ROSE'-CUT, cut with a smooth, round surface, as a precious stone, and not in facets.--_p.adj._ ROSED (_Shak._), crimsoned, flushed.--_ns._ ROSE'-D[=I]'AMOND, a diamond nearly hemispherical, cut into twenty-four triangular facets; ROSE'-DROP, a rose-flavoured orange: a pimply eruption on the nose caused by tippling; ROSE'-EN'GINE, a form of lathe combining the rotary motion of the mandrel with a radial movement of the tool-rest; ROSE'-FES'TIVAL, a festival celebrated on 8th June, at Salency in France; ROSE'-FLY'CATCHER, an American fly-catching warbler; ROSE'-GALL, a gall produced on roses by an insect; ROSE'-GER[=A]'NIUM, a house-plant with rose-scented leaves; ROSE'-HAW, the fruit of the wild-rose: a ROSE'-HIP.--_adj._ ROSE'-HUED, rose-coloured.--_n._ ROSE'-KNOT, a rosette of ribbon or other soft material.--_adj._ ROSE'-LIPPED, having red lips.--_ns._ ROSE'-MALL'OW, a plant of the same genus, but larger, and having a finer flower than the common mallow, the hollyhock; ROSE'-MOULD'ING (_archit._), a moulding ornamented with roses; ROSE'-N[=O]'BLE, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, and current at the value of 6s. 8d. (see NOBLE, a coin).--_adj._ ROSE'-PINK, having a pink or rose colour: sentimental.--_n._ a crimson-pink colour.--_ns._ ROSE'-QUARTZ, a transparent quartz; ROSE'-RASH (see ROSEOLA).--_adjs._ ROSE'-RED, red as a rose; ROSE'-RINGED, with a collar of red feathers, as a parrot.--_ns._ ROSE'-ROOT, a succulent herb, having a rose-scented root; R[=O]'SERY, a place where roses are cultivated; ROSE'-SAW'FLY, a sawfly which attacks the rose; ROSE'-TAN'AGER, the summer red-bird; ROSE'-T[=O]'PAZ, an artificial colour of the true topaz produced by heat; ROSE'-TREE, a standard rose; ROSE'-VIN'EGAR, an infusion made by steeping roses in vinegar; ROSE'-WA'TER, water distilled from rose-leaves.--_adj._ sentimental, as 'rose-water philosophy.'--_ns._ ROSE'-WIN'DOW, a circular window with its compartments branching from a centre, like a rose; ROSE'WOOD, the wood of a Brazilian tree having a fragrance like that of roses; ROSE'WOOD-OIL, oil obtained from rosewood; ROSE'-WORM, the larva of a moth which feeds on the leaves of the rose, &c.; ROSE'-YARD, a rose-garden.--_adj._ R[=O]'SIED, decorated with roses or the colour of roses.--_n._ R[=O]'SIER (_Spens._), a rose tree or bush.--_adv._ R[=O]'SILY.--_n._ R[=O]'SINESS.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY, like a rose: red: blooming: blushing: charming; R[=O]'SY-BOS'OMED, -COL'OURED; R[=O]'SY-BRIGHT, bright like a rose: blooming.--_n._ R[=O]'SY-DROP, _acne rosacea_: a grog-blossom.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY-FING'ERED, Homer's favourite epithet of the dawn: with rosy fingers; R[=O]'SY-KIN'DLED, blushing with a rosy colour; R[=O]'SY-MAR'BLED, marbled with rosy colour.--_ns._ R[=O]'SY-MARSH, -RUS'TIC, -WAVE, names of moths.--_adj._ R[=O]'SY-TINT'ED, tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub rosâ_), under the pledge of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of secrecy; WARS OF THE ROSES, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th century, from the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth (1485). [A.S. _róse_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.]

ROSELET, roz'let, _n._ the summer fur of the ermine.

ROSELITE, r[=o]'ze-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral occurring in small red crystals, being a native arseniate of cobalt. [Ger. _roselith_, from the mineralogist Gustav _Rose_ (1798-1873), Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

ROSELLA, r[=o]-zel'a, _n._ the Australian rose-parrakeet.

ROSELLE, r[=o]-zel', _n._ an East Indian rose-mallow.

ROSEMARY, r[=o]z'm[=a]-ri, _n._ a small fragrant evergreen shrub of a pungent taste, growing in the countries round the Mediterranean--an ancient emblem of fidelity. [O. Fr. _rosmarin_--L. _ros-marinus_--_ros_, dew, _marinus_--_mare_, the sea.]

ROSEOLA, r[=o]-z[=e]'[=o]-la, _n._ a rash of rose-coloured patches.

ROSET, r[=o]'zet, _n._ a red colour used by painters.

ROSET, ros'et, _n._ (_Scot._) rosin.

ROSETTA-STONE, r[=o]-zet'a-st[=o]n, _n._ a slab of black basalt found at _Rosetta_ in Egypt in 1799, having inscribed upon it, in hieroglyphics, demotic or enchorial, and Greek, a decree in honour of Ptolemy V.--the first clue to the decipherment of hieroglyphics.

ROSETTA-WOOD, r[=o]-zet'a-w[=oo]d, _n._ a handsome orange-wood used in cabinet-making.

ROSETTE, r[=o]-zet', _n._ an imitation of a rose by means of a ribbon: a form of knot: (_archit._) a rose-shaped ornament: a disc formed by throwing water on melted metal.--_adj._ ROSET'TED.--RED ROSETTE, or button, the rosette worn by officers of the Legion of Honour. [Fr., dim. of _rose_.]

ROSICRUCIAN, roz-i-kr[=oo]'shi-an, _n._ one of a secret society of the 17th century, the members of which made great pretensions to an acquaintance with the secrets of Nature, the transmutation of metals, power over elemental spirits, magical signatures, &c.--_n._ ROSICRU'CIANISM. [Prob. Latinised from Christian _Rosenkreuz_ ('rose cross,' L. _rosa_, rose, _crux_, cross), the alleged founder in 1459; or from L. _roscidus_, dewy--_ros_, dew, _crux_, _crucis_, a cross.]

ROSIN, roz'in, _n._ the solid left after distilling off the oil from crude turpentine.--_v.t._ to rub or cover with rosin.--_adj._ ROS'INED.--_ns._ ROS'IN-OIL, an oil from pine resin for lubricating machinery; ROS'IN-WOOD, any plant of the genus _Silphium_.--_adj._ ROS'INY, like or containing rosin. [_Resin._]

ROSING, r[=o]'zing, _n._ the operation of imparting a pink tint to raw white silk.

ROSLAND, ros'land, _n._ (_prov._) moorish land.--_n._ ROSS, a swamp.

ROSMARINE, roz'ma-r[=e]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a sea-monster supposed to lick dew off the rocks: rosemary: the walrus. [_Rosemary._]

ROSMARUS, ros'ma-rus, _n._ the genus containing the walruses.

ROSMINIANISM, ros-min'i-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical system of Antonio _Rosmini_-Serbati (1797-1855), founder of the Institute of the Brethren of Charity--its fundamental conception, _being_ considered as the form of the intelligence.--_n._ ROSMIN'IAN, a member of the foregoing.

ROSOLIO, ROSOGLIO, r[=o]-z[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a red wine of Malta: a sweet cordial from raisins. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _ros solis_, dew of the sun.]

ROSS, ros, _n._ the scaly matter on the surface of trees: (_Scot._) the refuse of plants.--_v.t._ to strip the bark from.--_n._ ROSS'ING-MACHINE', a machine for removing the bark of a tree. [Norw. _ros_, scale.]

ROSSIGNOL, ros'i-nyol, _n._ the nightingale. [Fr.]

ROSTELLARIA, ros-te-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of marine univalves.--_adj._ and _n._ ROSTELL[=A]'RIAN.--_adjs._ ROS'TELLATE; ROSTEL'LIFORM.--_n._ ROSTEL'LUM, any small beak-shaped process, as in the stigma of many violets: the forepart of the head of tapeworms--also ROS'TEL. [L. _rostellum_, a little beak.]

ROSTER, ros't[.e]r, _n._ the list of individuals, or corps, kept by the various staff officers of the army to ensure the allotment of duties in proper rotation: (_coll._) any roll of names. [Dut. _rooster_--L. _register_, a list.]

ROSTRUM, ros'trum, _n._ in ancient Rome, an erection for public speakers in the Forum, adorned with the beaks or heads of ships taken in war: the platform from which a speaker addresses his audience: the snout of an animal, or the beak of a bird: the beak of a ship, an ancient form of ram:--_pl._ ROS'TRUMS, ROS'TRA.--_adjs._ ROS'TRAL, like a rostrum or beak; ROS'TR[=A]TE, -D, beaked.--_n.pl._ ROSTRIF'ERA, a suborder of gasteropods, with contractile rostrum or snout.--_adjs._ ROSTRIF'EROUS, having a rostrum; ROS'TRIFORM, shaped like a rostrum; ROS'TRO-ANTEN'NARY, pertaining to the rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a rostrum; ROSTROLAT'ERAL, situated alongside the rostrum.--_n._ ROS'TRULUM, the mouth part of a flea. [L. _rostrum_, the beak--_rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to gnaw.]

ROSULA, roz'[=u]-la, _n._ a small rose: a genus of Echinoderms.--_adjs._ ROS'[=U]LAR, ROS'[=U]LATE, having the leaves in rose-like clusters.

ROT, rot, _v.i._ to putrefy: to become decomposed: to become morally corrupt: to become affected with sheep-rot.--_v.t._ to cause to rot: to bring to corruption:--_pr.p._ rot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rot'ted.--_n._ decay: putrefaction: a special disease of the sheep, as of the potato: a decay (called _dry-rot_) which attacks timber: (_slang_) rant, bosh.--_ns._ ROT'-GRASS, the soft grass: the butterwort: the penny-rot; ROT'GUT, bad liquor; ROT'-STEEP, the process of steeping cottons to remove impurities. [A.S. _rotian_, pa.p. _rotod_; cf. Ice. _rotinn_, putrid.]

ROTA, r[=o]'ta, _n._ a wheel: a course: a school or military roll: an ecclesiastical tribunal in the R.C. Church, consisting of twelve prelates called auditors, having its seat at the papal court.--_adj._ R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidæ_, small foraminifers of rotate figure.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'LIAN; ROTAL'IFORM; R[=O]'TALINE.--_n._ R[=O]'TALITE, a fossil rotalian.--_adj._ R[=O]'TARY, turning round like a wheel: rotatory: held in rotation.--_v.t._ R[=O]'T[=A]TE, to turn anything round like a wheel: to cause to turn or to pass in rotation.--_v.i._ to turn round like a wheel: to go round in succession.--_adj._ wheel-shaped.--_ns._ ROT[=A]'TING-RING, a band of brass, &c., placed round a projectile to give it rotation; ROT[=A]'TION, a turning round like a wheel: series or appropriate succession, as of crops: recurrent order.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'TIONAL, R[=O]'T[=A]TIVE.--_adv._ R[=O]'T[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ ROT[=A]'TOR, any rotational agency: a muscle producing rotatory motion.--_n.pl._ ROTAT[=O]'RIA, the wheel-animalcules--also ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTAT[=O]'RIAL, ROTAT[=O]'RIAN; R[=O]'TATORY, turning round like a wheel: following in succession. [L. _rota_, a wheel.]

ROTCHE, roch, _n._ the little auk, or sea-dove.--Also ROTCH'IE. [Prob. Dut. _rotje_, a petrel.]

ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the mechanical repetition of words without knowledge of the meaning: a row or rank.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to learn by rote. [O. Fr. _rote_, a track--Low L. _rupta_, a road--_rump[)e]re_, to break.]

ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ a musical instrument with strings.--_n._ R[=O]'TOUR. [O. Fr. _rote_, a fiddle (cf. Old High Ger. _hrot[=a]_), from Celt.; W. _crwth_, Gael. _cruit_.]

ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the sound of the surf.

ROTELLA, r[=o]-tel'a, _n._ a disc, a round shield: a genus of gasteropods. [Dim. of L. _rota_, a wheel.]

ROTHER, roth'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) roaring, lowing, denoting cattle generally, or horned or black cattle.--_n._ ROTH'ER-BEAST. [A.S. _hrýther_, an ox, a cow; cf. Ger. pl. _rinder_, horned cattle.]

ROTHESAY HERALD, one of the six Scottish heralds.

ROTIFER, r[=o]t'if-[.e]r, _n._ one of a class of minute aquatic animals, popularly called wheel-animalcules, with an anterior equipment of cilia whose movements suggest a rapidly rotating wheel:--_pl._ ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTIF'ERAL; ROTIF'EROUS; R[=O]'TIFORM, wheel-shaped: (_bot._) having a short tube and spreading limb. [L. _rota_, a wheel, _ferre_, to carry.]

ROTL, rot'l, _n._ an Arabian pound of twelve ounces.

ROTONDE, r[=o]-tond', _n._ a ruff worn during the beginning of the 17th century: a cope. [Fr.]

ROTOR, r[=o]'tor, _n._ a quantity having magnitude, direction, and position. [_Rotator._]

ROTTEN, rot'n, _adj._ putrefied: corrupt: decomposed: unsound: treacherous: fetid: friable, as rottenstone.--_adv._ ROTT'ENLY, in a rotten manner: defectively.--_ns._ ROTT'ENNESS; ROTT'ENSTONE, a soft and earthy stone powdered to polish brass, &c.--_v.t._ to polish with rottenstone. [_Rot._]

ROTTLERA, rot'ler-a, _n._ a genus of Indian euphorbiaceous plants now included under _Mallotus_, yielding kamila (q.v.) dye.

ROTTOLO, rot'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a Levantine weight. [It.]

ROTULA, rot'[=u]-la, _n._ the patella or knee-pan: one of the five radial pieces in the dentary apparatus of the sea-urchin.--_adjs._ ROT'[=U]LAR; ROT'[=U]LIFORM.

ROTUND, r[=o]-tund', _adj._ round: spherical: convexly protuberant.--_ns._ ROTUN'DA, ROTUN'DO, a round building, esp. with a dome, as the Pantheon at Rome.--_adjs._ ROTUN'D[=A]TE, rounded off, specifically noting bodies rounded off at the end; ROTUNDIF[=O]'LIOUS, having round leaves; ROTUN'DIOUS, ROTUND[=O]'VATE (_bot._), egg-shaped.--_ns._ ROTUND'NESS, ROTUN'DITY, globular form.--_adj._ ROTUND'-POINT'ED, bluntly pointed. [L. _rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.]

ROTURE, r[=o]-t[=u]r', _n._ in Canadian law, a grant made of feudal property: plebeian rank in France.--_n._ ROTURIER (ro-tü-ri-[=a]'), a plebeian. [Fr.,--Low L. _ruptura_, ground broken by the plough--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]

ROUBLE. Same as RUBLE.

ROUCHED, rowcht, _adj._ wrinkled, puckered. [_Ruck_, a wrinkle.]

ROUCOU, r[=oo]'k[=oo], _n._ a dye--arnotto. [Fr.,--Braz.]

ROUÉ, r[=oo]-[=a]', _n._ a fashionable profligate: a rake, debauchee.--_n._ ROU'ERIE, debauchery. [A name given by Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France 1715-23, to his dissolute companions--Fr. _roué_, one broken on the wheel--pa.p. of _rouer_--_roue_--L. _rota_, a wheel.]

ROUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ a wheel-like amulet of the ancient Gauls, intended to symbolise the sun.--_n._ ROUELLE'-GUARD, a guard having the shape of a disc, as on some old daggers. [Fr.]

ROUEN-CROSS. See CROSS.

ROUGE, r[=oo]zh, _n._ a powder used to give artificial colour to the cheeks or lips.--_v.t._ to colour with rouge.--_v.i._ to use rouge: to blush.--_ns._ ROUGE'-BERR'Y, a shrub of tropical America, whose berries supply a cosmetic; ROUGE'-DISH, a saucer containing a thin layer of dry rouge; ROUGE-ET-NOIR, a modern game of chance, played by the aid of packs of cards on a table covered with green cloth--also _Trente-un_ and _Trente-et-quarante_.--ROUGE CROIX, one of the four pursuivants of the English College of Heralds; ROUGE DRAGON, one of the pursuivants of the Heralds' College. [Fr. _rouge_ (It. _roggio_, _robbio_)--L. _rubeus_, red.]

ROUGET, r[=oo]-zh[=a]', _n._ an infectious disease of swine. [Fr.,--_rouge_, red.]

ROUGH, ruf, _adj._ not smooth: uneven: uncut: unpolished: unfinished: boisterous: tempestuous: violent: harsh: severe: rude: coarse: disordered in appearance: hasty, as a rough guess: stale: astringent: in Greek grammar, marking the stronger aspiration, equivalent to Eng. _h_.--_n._ rough condition, crudeness: a piece inserted in a horse's shoe to keep him from slipping: a bully, a ruffian, a rowdy.--_v.t._ to make rough: to roughen a horse's shoes to keep him from slipping: to shape roughly: to roughen.--_v.i._ to break the rules in boxing by too great violence.--_n._ ROUGH'AGE, coarse material for bedding cattle, &c.--_adj._ ROUGH'-BILLED, having a rough, horny excrescence on the beak.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-CAST, to mould in a rough, unfinished way: to form anything in its first rudiments.--_n._ a rude model: a form in its rudiments: a kind of semi-fluid mortar containing fine gravel, thrown in a thin coating on outer walls.--_vs.t._ ROUGH'-CULL, to cull oysters hastily; ROUGH'-DRAFT, -DRAW, to trace roughly; ROUGH'-DRY, to dry without smoothing.--_adj._ dry without having been smoothed.--_v.t._ ROUGH'EN, to make rough.--_v.i._ to become rough.--_n._ ROUGH'ER, a workman who shapes something preparatory to a finishing operation: a piece of woollen cloth in preparation for fulling.--_adjs._ ROUGH'-FOOT'ED, having feathered feet, as a grouse; ROUGH'-GRAINED, coarse-grained.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-GRIND, to grind roughly.--_n._ ROUGH'-HEAD, the iguanoid lizard.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-HEW, to hew coarsely: (_Shak._) to give to anything the first appearance of form.--_n._ ROUGH'-HEW'ER.--_p.adj._ ROUGH'-HEWN, not yet nicely finished: unpolished: unrefined.--_ns._ ROUGH'-HOUND, the dogfish: a kind of shark; ROUGH'IE (_Scot._), dried heath; ROUGH'ING-MILL, a metal disc charged with wet emery, &c., for grinding gems.--_adjs._ ROUGH'ISH, rather rough; ROUGH'-LEGGED, having legs covered with feathers.--_adv._ ROUGH'LY, coarsely: harshly: rudely.--_ns._ ROUGH'NESS, crudeness: rawness: harshness: asperity: physical or mental rudeness: (_U.S._) fodder consisting of dried corn-stalks: (_Scot._) plenty, esp. of food.--_adj._ ROUGH'-PER'FECT, of an actor when nearly perfect in the memorising of a part.--_ns._ ROUGH'-RID'ER, one who rides rough or untrained horses: a horse-breaker; ROUGH'-SCUFF, a coarse fellow: the rabble.--_adj._ ROUGH'-SHOD, shod with roughened shoes, as a horse in frosty weather.--_n._ ROUGH'-SLANT, a shed partially enclosed, for shelter.--_adj._ ROUGH'-SPUN, rude, homely.--_ns._ ROUGH'-STRING, one of the supports for the steps of a wooden stairway; ROUGH'-STUFF, coarse paint laid on after the priming, and before the finish; ROUGH'-TAIL, a shield-tail snake.--_adj._ ROUGH'-TAILED.--_n._ ROUGH'-WING, a British moth: a rough-winged swallow.--_adj._ ROUGH'-WINGED.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-WORK, to work over hastily without attention to execution in detail--also _n._--ROUGH AND READY, rough in manner but prompt in action; ROUGH AND TUMBLE, said of fighting in any style or by any means: indiscriminate, confused, not too particular about decorum, fairness, &c.; ROUGH DIAMOND (see DIAMOND); ROUGH IT, to take what comes.--CUT UP ROUGH, to become quarrelsome or violent; IN THE ROUGH, in an unwrought or rude condition; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD (see RIDE). [A.S. _rúh_, rough; Ger. _rauch_, _rauh_, Dut. _ruig_.]

ROUGHT, rawt, an obsolete pret. of _reck_.

ROULADE, r[=oo]-lad', _n._ (_mus._) a melodic embellishment: a run. [Fr.,--_rouler_, to roll.]

ROULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ an obsolete form of _roll_.

ROULEAU, r[=oo]-l[=o]', _n._ a roll of paper containing a certain number of coins: a large piping or trimming: one of a bundle of fascines to cover besiegers:--_pl._ ROULEAUX'. [Fr.]

ROULETTE, r[=oo]l-et', _n._ a little ball or roller: a game of chance played on an oblong table divided into numbered and coloured spaces, and having in the centre a rotating disc on which a ball is rolled until it drops into one of the spaces, the player winning if he has staked his money on that space or its colour: an engraver's tool: a cylindrical object used to curl hair upon: (_geom._) a particular kind of curve. [Fr.,--_rouler_, to roll.]

ROUM. See ROOM (2).

ROUNCE, rowns, _n._ a wheel-pulley in a hand printing-press: a game of cards.

ROUNCEVAL, rown'se-val, _n._ (_obs._) a giant: anything large and strong: the marrow-fat pea.

ROUNCY, rown'si, _n._ (_obs._) a common hackney: a nag: a vulgar woman.

ROUND, rownd, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to address in a whisper. [A.S. _runian_, to whisper.]

ROUND, rownd, _adj._ circular: globular: cylindrical: whole: complete: plump: large: not inconsiderable, as a sum: whole, unbroken: smooth-flowing, continuous, as a sound: full, expressive: open: plain: positive: bold, brisk, without hesitation or delicacy, plain-spoken: candid, as a 'round unvarnished tale': severe: well turned, in a literary sense: periodic: (_archit._) vaulted.--_adv._ on all sides: every way: circularly: in a revolution: from one side or party to another: not in a direct line, circuitously: in a round manner: from beginning to end.--_prep._ around: on every side of: all over.--_n._ that which is round: a circle or globe: a series of actions: the time of such a series: a turn: routine: revolution: cycle: an accustomed walk: a rundle or step of a ladder: a song or dance having a frequent return to the same point: a volley or general discharge of firearms, a single charge of ammunition for a musket or field-piece: that in which a whole company takes part, as a treat of liquor, &c.: prescribed circuit, as a policeman's round: the whole scope, as the round of science: one of a series, as rounds of applause: a bout in a boxing match: a brewer's vessel for holding beer while undergoing fermentation.--_v.t._ to make round: to surround: to go round: to complete: to make full and flowing: to encircle: to make a course round.--_v.i._ to grow or become round or full: to go round: to go the rounds, as a guard.--_adj._ ROUND'ABOUT, encircling: circuitous: indirect.--_n._ a horizontal revolving wheel on which children ride: a round-dance: a short jacket.--_adv._ ROUND'ABOUTLY.--_ns._ ROUND'ABOUTNESS; ROUND'-ALL, an acrobatic feat.--_adjs._ ROUND'-ARCHED, of a style characterised by semicircular arches; ROUND'-ARM, in cricket, swinging the arm more or less horizontally; ROUND'-BACKED, having a round or curved back: round-shouldered; ROUND'-CREST'ED, fan-crested.--_ns._ ROUND'-DANCE, a dance in a circle, or in which the couples wheel; ROUND'ER, one that frequents a place: a tool for making an edge round: (_pl._) an English game out of which base-ball grew, played with a small ball and a bat about two feet long.--_adj._ ROUND'-FACED, having a round face.--_ns._ ROUND'-FISH, the common carp: the shadwaiter; ROUND'HAND, a style of penmanship in which the letters are well rounded and free; ROUND'HEAD, a Puritan, so called in the time of Charles I. from the Puritan fashion of having the hair cut close to the head.--_adj._ ROUND'HEADED.--_ns._ ROUND'-HOUSE, in ships, a cabin or house on the after-part of the quarterdeck: on American railways, an engine-house; ROUND'ING, in bookbinding, the shaping the folded and sewed sheets into a convex form at the back; ROUND'ING-MACHINE', various machines for producing round forms, as a machine for sawing out circular heads for casks; ROUND'ING-PLANE, a woodworking tool for rounding the handles of rakes, &c.; ROUND'ING-TOOL, an instrument used in forging for rounding a rod: a kind of draw-plate in saddlery for shaping round leather straps; ROUND'-[=I]'RON, a plumber's tool for finishing soldered work.--_adj._ ROUND'ISH, somewhat round.--_ns._ ROUND'ISHNESS; ROUND'LE (_Spens._), a roundelay; ROUND'LET, a little circle.--_adv._ ROUND'LY, in a round manner: fully: completely: boldly: openly: plainly: briskly: generally.--_adj._ ROUND'-MOUTHED (_zool._), having a mouth without any lower jaw.--_n._ ROUND'NESS, quality of being round, globular, or cylindrical: cylindrical form: fullness: smoothness of flow: plainness: boldness: a kind of muff.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-NUM'BERS, an indefinite or approximate statement of a number, as a population, say, of 10,000.--_v.t._ ROUND'-RIDGE, to plough into round ridges.--_ns._ ROUNDS'MAN (_U.S._), a policeman who acts as inspector; ROUND'-STONE, small stones used for paving; ROUND'-T[=A]'BLE, the group of twelve knights, the bravest of all the throng, who form the centre of the mythical King Arthur's retinue, sitting with the king at a round table; ROUND'-TOP, a round platform at the mast-head.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-TOW'ERS, tall narrow circular towers tapering gradually from the base to the summit, found abundantly in Ireland, and occasionally in Scotland, now generally believed to be the work of Christian architects and built for religious purposes.--_n._ ROUND'-UP, the forming of upward curves: the bringing together of all the cattle in a ranch: a finishing of an arrangement: the convexity of a deck.--_adj._ ROUND'-WINGED, having rounded wings, as some British moths.--_n._ ROUND'-WORM, one of a class of worms (_Nematoda_) in which the body is elongated and more or less cylindrical, most of them parasitic--opposed to the flatworms or _Plathelminthes_, such as tapeworms and flukes.--ROUND ABOUT, in an opposite direction: an emphatic form of round; ROUND OF BEEF, a cut of the thigh, through and across the bone; ROUND OFF, to finish completely; ROUND TO, to turn the head of a ship to the wind.--ALL ROUND, in all respects; BRING ROUND (see BRING); COME ROUND (see COME); SCOLD ROUNDLY, to bring to book. [O. Fr. _roond_ (Fr. _rond_)--L. _rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.]

ROUNDEL, rown'del, _n._ anything of a round form or figure: a circle: a ring-dance, a rondel.--_n._ ROUN'DELAY, a round: a song in which parts are repeated: a dance in a ring. [O. Fr. _rondel_ (Fr. _rondeau_), dim. of _rond_, round.]

ROUNDROBIN, rownd-rob'in, _n._ a name given to a protest signed by a number of persons in a circular form, so that no one shall be obliged to head the list. [Fr. _rond ruban_, round ribbon.]

ROUNDURE, rown'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._)=RONDURE.

ROUP, rowp, _n._ (_Scot._) a sale by auction.--_v.t._ to sell by auction.

ROUP, r[=oo]p, _n._ an infectious disease of the respiratory passages of poultry.

ROUSE, rowz, _v.t._ to raise up: to stir up: to awaken: to excite to anything: to put into action: to startle or start, as an animal: to work about in salt, to roil.--_v.i._ to awake: to be excited to action.--_n._ the reveille.--_adv._ (_obs._) vehemently.--_adj._ ROUS'ANT (_her._), starting up, as a bird in the attitude of rising.--_ns._ ROUSE'MENT, an awakening religious discourse; ROUS'ER, one who, or that which, rouses, anything astonishing.--_adj._ ROUS'ING, having power to awaken: great, violent.--_adv._ ROUS'INGLY.--_adj._ ROUS'Y, noisy, riotous. [Scand., Sw. _rusa_, Dan. _ruse_, to rush.]

ROUSE, rowz, _n._ a carousal: a bumper. [Scand., Sw. _rus_, drunkenness, Ice. _rúss_; cf. Dut. _roes_, Ger. _rausch_.]

ROUSSETTE, r[=oo]-set', _n._ a fruit-eating bat: a dogfish. [Fr.]

ROUST, rowst, _v.t._ to stir up.--_v.i._ to move energetically.

ROUST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a current in the sea.--_v.i._ to drive strongly.

ROUSTABOUT, rowst'a-bowt', _n._ (_Amer._) a common wharf labourer: a shiftless vagrant.--Also ROUS'TER.

ROUT, rowt, _n._ a tumultuous crowd, a rabble: a large party: a fashionable evening assembly.--_n._ ROUT'-CAKE, a rich sweet cake for evening parties.--_adjs._ ROUT'ISH, clamorous: disorderly; ROUT'OUS. [O. Fr. _route_, a band--Low L. _rupta_, thing broken--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]