Chapter XXI: Part 21

RAG, rag, _n._ a fragment of cloth: a rock having a rough irregular surface: a remnant, scrap: a beggarly person: anything rent or worn out.--_adj._ made of rags.--_v.t._ to make ragged.--_v.i._ to become ragged, to fray: (_U.S. slang_) to dress (_out_).--_ns._ RAG'ABASH, a low fellow; RAG'AMUFFIN, a low, disreputable person.--_adj._ RAG'AMUFFINLY.--_ns._ RAG'-BUSH, in some heathen countries, a bush dedicated to some deity and decorated with rags torn from the clothes of pilgrims; RAG'-DUST, the refuse of rags used by dyers; RAG'-FAIR, a fair or market for rags, old clothes, &c.; RAG'GERY, rags collectively; RAG'GING, the first rough separation of the ore from dross; RAG'-MAN, a man who collects or deals in rags; RAG'-MON'EY (_slang_), paper money; RAG'-PICK'ER, one who collects rags, &c., from ash-heaps, dung-hills, &c.: a machine for tearing old rags, &c., to pieces; RAG'-SHOP, a shop where rag-pickers dispose of their finds; RAG'-SORT'ER, one who sorts out rags for paper-making; RAG'-STONE, RAGG, an impure limestone, consisting chiefly of lime and silica; RAG'-TAG, the rabble; RAG'WEED, any plant of the composite genus _Ambrosia_; RAG'WHEEL, a wheel with teeth or cogs on the rim, which fit into the links of a chain or into rackwork: a cutlass polishing-wheel; RAG'-WOOL, shoddy; RAG'WORK, mason-work built of small stones about the size of bricks: a manufacture from strips of rag.--RAG-TAG AND BOBTAIL, a rabble. [Ice. _rögg_, shagginess.]

RAG, rag, _v.t._ to banter, torment.--Also _n._ [Perh. from the previous word; others refer to Ice. _rægja_, to calumniate; cog. with A.S. _wrégan_, to accuse.]

RAGBOLT, rag'b[=o]lt, _n._ an iron pin with barbed shank.

RAGE, r[=a]j, _n._ violent excitement: enthusiasm: rapture: furious anger: intensity: any object much sought after, the fashion.--_v.i._ to be furious with anger: to exercise fury: to prevail fatally, as a disease: to be violently agitated, as the waves.--_v.t._ to enrage.--_adjs._ RAGE'FUL, full of rage, furious; R[=A]'GING, acting with rage, violence, or fury.--_adv._ R[=A]'GINGLY.--All the rage (_coll._), quite the fashion. [Fr.,--L. _rabies_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.]

RAGG, rag, _n._ (_geol._)=_Ragstone_. See under RAG (1).

RAGGED, rag'ed, _adj._ torn or worn into rags: having a rough edge: ruggedly uneven, jagged: wearing ragged clothes: shabby.--_adv._ RAGG'EDLY.--_ns._ RAGG'EDNESS; RAGG'ED-ROB'IN, the cuckoo flower; RAGG'ED-SAIL'OR, the prince's feather-plant; RAGG'ED-SCHOOL, a school for the destitute; RAGG'ED-STAFF (_her._), a knotted stick with short stumps of branches on each side. [Cf. _Rag_.]

RAGGEE, rag'[=e], _n._ a species of millet, grown in Southern India. [Hind.]

RAGGLE, rag'l, _v.t._ to notch irregularly.--_n._ a ragged piece. [Freq. of _rag_.]

RAGLAN, rag'lan, _n._ a loose, wide-sleeved overcoat. [From Lord _Raglan_ (1788-1855), commander of the English forces in the Crimea.]

RAGMAN-ROLL, rag'man-r[=o]l, _n._ a parchment roll with pendent seals, any important document, esp. the collection of instruments by which the Scotch nobles subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, 1291-2-6, and at the parliament of Berwick: a vague story (cf. _Rigmarole_). [Prob. Ice. _ragmenni_, a craven--_ragr_, cowardly (A.S. _earg_), _madhr_, man.]

RAGNARÖK, rag'na-r[=oo]k', _n._ the end of the world when the gods (Odin, Thor, &c.) shall be overcome by their enemies and the world burnt up. [Ice. _ragna rökr_, twilight of the gods--_rögn_, _régin_, the gods, _rökr_, darkness; but orig. _ragna rök_, the history of the gods--_rök_, reason, judgment.]

RAGOUT, ra-g[=oo]', _n._ a stew of meat with kitchen herbs, the French equivalent of Irish stew: any spicy mixture or combination, even of persons. [Fr.,--_ragoûter_, to restore the appetite--L. _re_, again, Fr. _à_ (=_ad_), to, _goût_--L. _gustus_, taste.]

RAGULY, rag'[=u]-li, _adj._ (_her._) ragged or notched at the edges.--Also RAG'ULED.

RAGWORT, rag'wurt, _n._ any one of several herbs of genus _Senecio_: a large coarse weed with a yellow flower.--GOLDEN RAGWORT, a North American plant; WOOLLY RAGWORT, a plant from one to three feet high, found in the United States, and covered with hoary wool. [_Rag_, and A.S. _wyrt_, a plant.]

RAHU, rä'h[=oo], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses of sun and moon.

RAIBLE, r[=a]'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ a Scotch form of _rabble_.

RAID, r[=a]d, _n._ a hostile or predatory invasion: a sudden onset: an irruption, as if for assault or seizure.--_v.t._ to make a sudden attack.--_n._ RAID'ER, one who makes a raid.--RAID THE MARKET, to derange prices by a panic. [A.S. _rád_, a riding; Ice. _reidh_.]

RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a bar of timber or metal extending from one support to another, as in fences, staircases, &c.: one of those steel bars used on the permanent way of a railway, generally of that form known as the T-rail: a barrier: the railway as a means of travel or transport: (_archit._) the horizontal part of a frame and panel: (_naut._) the forecastle-rail, poop-rail, and top-rail are bars across the forecastle, &c.--_v.t._ to enclose with rails: to furnish with rails.--_ns._ RAIL'-BEND'ER, a screw-press for straightening rails; RAIL'-BOR'ER, a hand-drill for rails; RAIL'-CHAIR, an iron block by which the rails are secured to the sleepers; RAIL'-CLAMP, a wedge for clamping a rail firmly; RAIL'-COUP'LING, a bar by which the opposite rails of a railway are connected at curves, switches, &c.; RAIL'-GUARD, a guard-rail before a front wheel; RAIL'ING, a fence of posts and rails: material for rails; RAIL'-PUNCH, a machine for punching holes in the webs of rails; RAIL'ROAD, RAIL'WAY, a road or way laid with iron rails on which carriages run.--_v.t._ RAIL'ROAD (_U.S._), to push forward fast.--_ns._ RAIL'ROADER, one employed about a railway; RAIL'ROAD-WORM, the apple maggot; RAIL'-SAW, a portable machine for sawing off metal rails; RAIL'-SPLIT'TER (_U.S._), one who splits logs into rails for a fence; RAIL'WAY-CAR, a vehicle for the transportation of passengers and goods; RAIL'WAY-CARR'IAGE, a carriage for the conveyance of passengers; RAIL'WAY-CROSS'ING, an intersection of railway-lines: an intersection of an ordinary road with a railroad; RAIL'WAY-SLIDE, a turn-table; RAIL'WAY-STITCH, a loose and rapid stitch in knitting or crochet-work; RAIL'WAY-TRAIN (see TRAIN).--RAILWAY COMPANY, a stock company formed for the construction and working of a railway, usually organised by a legislative enactment.--ELEVATED RAILWAY, an elevated bridge-like structure used for railway purposes, to avoid obstruction of surface roadways; MILITARY RAILWAY, a railway equipped for military service, the locomotives being armoured, and the carriages armour-plated and provided with portholes for rifles; PORTABLE RAILWAY, a light railway made in detachable sections, and so suited for carrying easily from place to place. [Low Ger. _regel_, prob. through O. Fr. _reille_; cf. Ger. _riegel_, a bar. Some refer to L. _regula_ through O. Fr. _reille_.]

RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ to brawl: to use insolent language.--_v.t._ to scoff at, affect by railing.--_n._ RAIL'ER, one who rails: one who insults or defames by opprobrious language.--_adj._ RAIL'ING, reproachful, insulting.--_n._ reproachful and insulting language.--_adv._ RAIL'INGLY, in a railing manner: scoffingly: insultingly.--_n._ RAILLERY (r[=a]l'[.e]r-i, or ral'-), railing or mockery: banter: good-humoured irony. [Fr. _railler_--L. _rallum_, a hoe--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.]

RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a genus of wading-birds with a harsh cry.--_n._ RAIL'-BIRD, the Carolina rail.--GOLDEN RAIL, a rail snipe. [O. Fr. _rasle_ (Fr. _râle_)--Old Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.]

RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flow or pour down.

RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a robe--now only in _Night-rail_.

RAIMENT, r[=a]'ment, _n._ that in which one is dressed: clothing in general. [For _arraiment_. Cf. _Array_.]

RAIN, r[=a]n, _n._ water from the clouds in drops: a shower: a fall of any substance through the atmosphere in the manner of rain.--_v.i._ to fall from the clouds: to drop like rain.--_v.t._ to pour like rain.--_ns._ RAIN'BAND, a dark band in the solar spectrum; RAIN'-BIRD, a bird, like the RAIN'-CROW, supposed to foretell rain by its cries and actions; RAIN'BOW, the brilliant-coloured bow or arch seen when rain is falling opposite the sun, called _lunar rainbow_ when formed by the moon; RAIN'BOW-DART'ER, the soldier-fish.--_adjs._ RAIN'BOWED, formed with, or like, a rainbow; RAIN'BOW-TINT'ED, having tints like those of a rainbow: iridescent.--_ns._ RAIN'BOW-TROUT, a variety of the Californian salmon; RAIN'-CHAM'BER, an attachment to a furnace in which the fumes of any metal are condensed; RAIN'-CHART, -MAP, a chart giving information as to the distribution of rain in any part of the world; RAIN'-CLOUD, a cloud in meteorology called nimbus; RAIN'DROP, a drop of rain; RAIN'FALL, a fall of rain: the amount of water that falls in a given time in the form of rain; RAIN'-GAUGE, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain that falls; RAIN'INESS, the state of being rainy.--_adj._ RAIN'LESS, without rain.--_ns._ RAIN'-MAK'ER, -DOC'TOR, a sorcerer, as those of Africa, professing to bring rain; RAIN'-POUR, a heavy rainfall; RAIN'-PRINT, one of the small pits seen on the surfaces of some argillaceous rocks, and believed to be the impressions of raindrops.--_adjs._ RAIN'-PROOF, -TIGHT, impervious to rain.--_ns._ RAIN'STORM; RAIN'-TREE, the genisaro of South America; RAIN'-WA'TER, water which falls in rain from the clouds.--_adj._ RAIN'Y, abounding with rain: showery.--RAIN CATS AND DOGS (see CAT).--A RAINY DAY (_fig._), a time of need or hardship: future want or need; THE FORMER AND THE LATTER RAIN, Palestine, the rain in spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S. _regn_, _rén_, rain; Dut. and Ger. _regen_, Ice. _regn_.]

RAINDEER. Same as REINDEER.

RAISE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to cause to rise: to lift up: to hoist: to set upright: to originate or produce: to bring together: to cause to grow or breed: to produce: to give rise to: to exalt: to increase the strength of: to excite: to collect: muster: (_Scot._) to rouse, inflame: to recall from death: to cause to swell, as dough: to extol: to bring up: to remove, take off, as a blockade: to collect, as to raise a company: to give rise to, as to raise a laugh.--_n._ an ascent, a cairn: (_coll._) an enlargement, increase.--_adj._ RAIS'ABLE, capable of being raised.--_ns._ RAIS'ER, one who, or that which, raises a building, &c.: (_archit._) the upright board on the front of a step in a flight of steps; RAIS'ING, the act of lifting: the embossing of sheet-metal by hammering or stamping: the process of deepening colours in dyeing: that with which bread is raised; RAIS'ING-BEE, a gathering of neighbours to help in raising the frame of a house, &c.; RAIS'ING-BOARD, a ribbed board by which to raise the grain of leather; RAIS'ING-GIG, a machine for raising a nap on cloth; RAIS'ING-PIECE, a piece of timber laid on a brick wall, or on a frame, to carry a beam or beams; RAIS'ING-PLATE, a horizontal timber supporting the heels of rafters.--RAISE A SIEGE, to relinquish a siege, or cause this to be done; RAISE BREAD, to make it light, as by yeast or leaven; RAISE CAIN, THE DEVIL, HELL, THE MISCHIEF, &c., to create confusion or riot; RAISED BEACH (_geol._), a terrace of gravel, &c., marking the margin of an ancient sea; RAISED EMBROIDERY, that in which the pattern is raised in relief from the ground; RAISED WORK, in lace-making, work having the edge or some other part of the pattern raised in relief; RAISE MONEY ON, to get money by pawning something; RAISE ONE'S DANDER (see DANDER); RAISE THE MARKET UPON (_coll._), to charge more than the regular price; RAISE THE WIND, to obtain money by any shift. [M. E. _reisen_--Ice. _reisa_, causal of _rísa_, to rise. Cf. _Rise_.]

RAISIN, r[=a]'zn, _n._ a dried ripe grape.--RAISIN WINE, wine made from dried grapes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_, a bunch of grapes.]

RAISON D'ÊTRE, r[=a]-zong' d[=a]'tr, _n._ reason or excuse for being: rational ground for existence.--_adj._ RAISONNÉ (r[=a]-zo-n[=a]'), reasoned out, systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. _raison_, reason, _de_, of, _être_, to be.]

RAJAH, RAJA, rä'ja, _n._ a native prince or king in Hindustan.--_ns._ RAJ (räj), rule; RA'JAHSHIP, the dignity or principality of a rajah; RAJPOOT, RAJPUT (räj-poot'), a member of various tribes in India, descended either from the old royal races of the Hindus or from the warrior caste. [Sans. _r[=a]jan_, a king, cog. with L. _rex_; Sans. _putra_, a son.]

RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ an instrument with teeth or pins for smoothing earth, &c.: any tool consisting of a flat blade at right angles to a long handle.--_v.t._ to scrape with something toothed: to draw together: to gather with difficulty: to level with a rake: to search diligently: to pass over violently and swiftly: (_naut._) to fire into, as a ship, lengthwise: to inter or hide, as by raking earth over a body.--_v.i._ to work with a rake: to search minutely.--_ns._ R[=A]'KER; R[=A]'KING, the act or operation of using a rake: the space raked at once: the quantity collected at once with a rake: sharp criticism.--_adj._ such as to rake, as a raking fire.--RAKE HELL, to search even hell to find a person equally bad; RAKE UP, to cover with material raked or scraped together: to draw from oblivion, to revive. [A.S. _raca_, a rake; Ger. _rechen_, Ice. _reka_, a shovel.]

RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ [Contr. of _rakehell_.]

RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ (_naut._) the projection of the stem and stern of a ship beyond the extremities of the keel: the inclination of a mast from the perpendicular.--_v.i._ to incline from the perpendicular or the horizontal.--_v.t._ to cause to incline or slope.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH, having a rake or inclination of the masts.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY. [Scand., Sw. _raka_, to reach.]

RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ a dissolute person: a libertine.--_v.i._ to lead a debauched life, esp. to make a practice of lechery.--_n._ RAKE'HELL, a rascal or villain: a debauchee.--_adjs._ RAKE'HELL, -Y, dissolute.--_ns._ RAKEHELL[=O]'NIAN, a rakehell; R[=A]'KERY, dissoluteness; RAKE'SHAME (_Milt._), a base, dissolute wretch.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH, like a rake: dissolute: debauched.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY.--_n._ R[=A]'KISHNESS, dissoluteness: the state of being rakish or dissolute: dissolute practices. [Corr. of M. E. _rakel_, corr. into _rakehell_, shortened to _rake_; Scand., as Sw. _rakkel_, a vagabond, Ice. _reikall_, unsettled--_reika_, to wander.]

RAKE, r[=a]k, _v.i._ (_prov._) to wander, to take a course, proceed: (_hunting_) of a hawk, to fly wide of the game: of a dog, to follow a wrong course.--RAKE ABOUT (_Scot._), to gad or wander about. [M. E. _raken_--A.S. _racian_, to run; confused with M. E. _raiken_--Ice. _reika_, to wander.]

RAKI, rak'[=e], _n._ a spirituous liquor used in the Levant and Greece.--Also RAK'EE. [Turk.]

RAKSHAS, -A, rak'shas, -ä, _n._ in Hindu mythology, one of a class of evil spirits or genii, generally hideous, frequenting cemeteries.

RÂLE, räl, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the lungs. [Fr.,--_râler_, to rattle--Low Ger. _ratelen_, to rattle.]

RALLENTANDO, ral-len-tan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) becoming slower.--Also RALLENTA'TO, and abbrev. RALL. [It., _rallentare_, to slacken.]

RALLIER, ral'i-[.e]r, _n._ one who rallies.

RALLUS, ral'us, _n._ a genus containing the true rails, water-rails, and marsh-hens.--_adjs._ RALL'IFORM; RALL'INE. [_Rail._]

RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to gather again: to collect and arrange, as troops in confusion: to recover.--_v.i._ to reassemble, esp. after confusion: to recover wasted strength:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rallied (ral'id).--_n._ act of rallying: a mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation scene: recovery of order: recovery of prices: the return of the ball in tennis, playing frequently from one side to the other.--_n._ RALL'YING-POINT, a place or person at or about whom people come together for action. [O. Fr. _rallier_--L. _re-_, again, _ad_, to, _lig[=a]re_, to bind. Cf. _Ally_.]

RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to attack with raillery: to banter.--_v.i._ to exercise raillery:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rall'ied.--_n._ satirical merriment.--_adv._ RALL'YINGLY. [Fr. _railler_. A variant of _rail_ (v.i.).]

RALPH, ralf, _n._ (_slang_) the imp of mischief in a printing-house: a raven.

RAM, ram, _n._ a male sheep, a tup: (_astron._) Aries (q.v.), one of the signs of the zodiac: an engine of war for battering, with a head like that of a ram: a hydraulic engine, called water-ram: a ship-of-war armed with a heavy iron beak for running down a hostile vessel.--_v.t._ to thrust with violence, as a ram with its head: to force together: to drive hard down:--_pr.p._ ram'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rammed.--_n._ RAM'-HEAD, an iron lever for raising great stones: a cuckold. [A.S. _ram_, _rom_; Ger. _ramm_.]

RAM, ram, _adj._ strong-scented: (used as a prefix) very.--_n._ RAM'-CAT, a tom-cat.--_adj._ RAM'MISH, strong-scented: lewd.--_n._ RAM'MISHNESS.--_adj._ RAM'MY. [Ice. _ramr_, strong, as Ice. _ramliga_, strongly.]

RAMADAN, RAMADHAN, ram-a-dan', _n._ the ninth month of the Mohammedan year, throughout which the faithful are required to fast from dawn to sunset--prop. RAMAZAN'. [Ar.,--_ramed_, to be hot.]

RAMAL. See RAMUS.

RAMAYANA, rä-mä'ya-nä, _n._ one of the two great epic poems of ancient India--the history of _Rama_.

RAMBADE, ram'b[=a]d, _n._ the elevated platform built across the prow of a vessel for boarding. [Fr.]

RAMBLE, ram'bl, _v.i._ to go from place to place without object: to visit many places: to be desultory, as in discourse.--_n._ a roving about: an irregular excursion: a place in which to ramble.--_n._ RAM'BLER.--_adj._ RAM'BLING, moving about irregularly: desultory.--_adv._ RAM'BLINGLY, in a rambling manner. [Freq. of M. E. _ramen_, to roam.]

RAMBUSTIOUS, ram-bus'tyus, _adj._ (_slang_) boisterous.

RAMBUTAN, ram-b[=oo]'tan, _n._ the edible fruit of a lofty Malaysian tree (_Nephelium lappaceum_).--Also RAMB[=OO]'TAN, RAMBOST'AN. [Malay.]

RAMÉ, ra-m[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.']

RAMEAL, r[=a]'m[=e]-al, _adj._; RAMIFY, &c. See under RAMUS.

RAMED, ramd, _adj._ framed on the stocks, and adjusted by the RAM'-LINE, a small rope or line used for setting the frames fair, helping to form the sheer of the ship, &c. [Fr. _rame_, a branch--L. _ramus_.]

RAMEKIN, ram'e-kin, _n._ toasted cheese and bread. [Fr. _ramequin_--Old Flem. _rammeken_.]

RAMENT, r[=a]-ment', _n._ (_bot._) a bristle-shaped leaflet in the angle of a petiole:--_pl._ R[=A]MEN'TA, loose foliaceous scales on plants, esp. on the petioles and leaves of ferns.--_adj._ R[=A]MENT[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._), covered with ramenta. [L. _ramenta_, scrapings, pl. of _ramentum_--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.]

RAMFEEZLE, ram-f[=e]'zl, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to weary out.

RAMGUNSHOCK, ram-gun'shok, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough.

RAMICORN, r[=a]'mi-korn, _n._ the horny sheath of the side of the lower mandible in birds.--_adj._ possessing ramified antennæ. [L. _ramus_, branch, _cornu_, horn.]

RAMIE, RAMEE, ram'[=e], _n._ China-grass, _Boehmeria nivea_, or its fibre, long used in the East for ropes and cordage, and for cloth in China and Japan.--Also _Rhea_ and _China-grass_. [Malay.]

RAMIFY, RAMIFICATION, &c. See under RAMUS.

RAMILIE, ram'il-[=e], _n._ a name applied to various 18th-cent. articles or fashions of dress, in honour of Marlborough's victory over the French at _Ramillies_ in Belgium in 1706--esp. to a form of cocked hat, and to a wig with a long plaited tail.

RAMISM, r[=a]'mizm, _n._ the system of logic of Peter _Ramus_ (1515-72).

RAM-LINE, ram'-l[=i]n. See under RAMED.

RAMMEL, ram'el, _n._ refuse wood.--_v.i._ to turn to rubbish. [Through Fr. and Low L. forms from L. _ramus_, a branch.]

RAMMER, ram'[.e]r, _n._ one who, or that which, rams or drives: an instrument used by founders and pavers for ramming, also by gunners.

RAMOLLESCENCE, ram-o-les'ens, _n._ softening, mollifying.--_n._ RAMOLLISSE'MENT, a morbid softening of some organ or tissue of the body.

RAMOON, ra-m[=oo]n', _n._ a West Indian mulberry. [Sp.,--L. _ramus_, a branch.]

RAMOSE, r[=a]'m[=o]s, _adj._ branching, much-branched: (_bot._) branched as a stem or root.--_adv._ R[=A]'MOSELY.--_adj._ R[=A]'MOUS, branched, branchy.

RAMP, ramp, _v.i._ to climb or creep up, as a plant: to leap or bound: to adapt a piece of iron to the woodwork of a gate.--_n._ a leap or bound: a gradual slope or inclined plane between one level and another: a concave bend at the top or cap of a railing, wall, or coping: a romp.--_adj._ RAMP[=A]'CIOUS=_Rampageous_ (q.v.).--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'DGEON, a furious fellow; RAM'P[=A]GE, or RAMP[=A]GE', a state of passion or excitement.--_v.i._ to storm or prance violently.--_adj._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUS, unruly: boisterous: glaring.--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUSNESS; RAMPALL'IAN (_Shak._), a mean wretch; RAMP'ER, a ruffian who infests race-courses; RAMPS'MAN (_slang_), a highway robber. [Fr. _ramper_, to creep, to clamber; from the Teut.; cf. Low Ger. _rappen_, to snatch, Ger. _raffen_.]

RAMPANT, ramp'ant, _adj._ overgrowing usual bounds: rank in growth: overleaping restraint: (_her._) standing on the hind-legs.--_n._ RAMP'ANCY, state of being rampant.--_adv._ RAMP'ANTLY.--RAMPANT ARCH, an arch whose abutments are not on the same level.

RAMPART, ram'part, _n._ that which defends from assault or danger: (_fort._) a mound or wall surrounding a fortified place.--_v.t._ to fortify with ramparts, to strengthen. [O. Fr. _rempart_ (orig. _rempar_)--_remparer_, to defend--_re_, again, _em_, to (=_en_), in, _parer_, to defend--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare.]

RAMPICK, ram'pik, _n._ any dead tree--also RAM'PIKE.--_adj._ RAM'PICKED. [Prob. _ran_, as in _roan_-tree, _rantle_-tree, and _pick_ or _pike_.]

RAMPION, ram'pi-on, _n._ a perennial plant with esculent root. [Prob. through It. and Low L. forms from L. _rapum_, _rapa_, a turnip.]

RAMPIRE, ram'p[=i]r, _n._=_Rampart_.--_adj._ RAM'PIRED.

RAMPLER, ramp'l[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a roving fellow.

RAMROD, ram'rod, _n._ a rod used in ramming down the charge in a gun.--_n._ RAM'ROD-BAY'ONET.--_adj._ RAM'RODDY, stiff like a ramrod.

RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _adj._ tumble-down: ill-made: out of repair--also RAM'SHACKLED.--_n._ (_Scot._) a careless fellow.--_adj._ RAM'SHACKLY. [Ice. _ramskakkr_, quite wrong--_ramr_, strong, very, _skakkr_, wry, unequal.]

RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _v.t._=_Ransack_.

RAMSHORN, ramz'horn, _n._ a semicircular work of low profile in the ditch of a fortified place: an ammonite: a fossil cephalopod.

RAMSKIN, ram'skin, _n._ a cake made of dough mixed with grated cheese. [Prob. _Ramekin_.]

RAMSONS, ram'zonz, _n.pl._ broad-leaved garlic. [A.S. _hramsan_ (pl.), with pl. _-s_ added.]

RAMSTAM, ram'stam, _adj._ reckless: (_Scot._) forward.--_adv._ headlong.--_n._ a headstrong, giddy person. [_Ram_, intens. pfx., _stam_, a form of _stamp_.]

RAMUS, r[=a]'mus, _n._ a small spray or twig.--_adjs._ R[=A]'MAL, R[=A]'MEAL, pertaining to a branch; R[=A]'M[=E]OUS (_bot._), belonging to, or growing on, a branch.--_n._ RAMIFIC[=A]'TION, division or separation into branches: a branch: a division or subdivision: (_bot._) manner of producing branches.--_adjs._ RAM'IFIED, branched; RAMIFL[=O]'ROUS, flowering on the branches; R[=A]'MIFORM (_bot._), resembling a branch.--_v.t._ RAM'IFY, to make or divide into branches.--_v.i._ to shoot into branches: to be divided or spread out:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ram'if[=i]ed.--_adj._ RAMIP'AROUS, producing branches.--_ns._ RAM'ULE, RAM'ULUS, a small branch or artery.--_adjs._ RAM[=U]LIF'EROUS, RAM'[=U]LOSE, RAM'[=U]LOUS, having small branches.--_n._ RAMUS'C[=U]LE, a branchlet. [L. _ramus_, a branch.]

RAN, _pa.t._ of _run_.

RANA, r[=a]'na, _n._ the genus of the frogs.--_n._ RAN[=A]'RIUM, a place where frogs are reared. [L., 'a frog.']

RANA, rä'nä, _n._ prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.]

RANCE, rans, _n._ a prop, as for the support of a congreve-rocket. [O. Fr. _ranche_--L. _ramex_, _-icis_, a staff--_ramus_, a branch.]

RANCH, ranch, _n._ a stock farm in the west part of the United States.--_v.i._ to manage or work upon a ranch--also RANCHE, RANCH'O.--_ns._ RANCH'ER, RANCHERO (ran-ch[=a]'r[=o]), RANCH'MAN, one employed in ranching; RANCHERIA (ran-ch[=a]-r[=e]'a), a herdsman's hut: a village of herdsmen: a settlement of Indians; RANCH'ING, the business of cattle-breeding. [Sp. _rancho_, prop. 'mess' or 'mess-room;' in Mexico, a herdsman's hut, a grazing-farm.]

RANCH, ransh, _v.t._ (_Dryden_) to tear, wound. [_Wrench_.]

RANCID, ran'sid, _adj._ partially decomposed (used of oil or any greasy substance): sour: disgusting.--_adj._ RANCES'CENT, becoming rancid.--_adv._ RAN'CIDLY.--_ns._ RAN'CIDNESS, RANCID'ITY, the quality of being rancid. [L. _rancidus_, putrid.]

RANCOUR, rang'kur, _n._ deep-seated enmity: spite: virulence: (_Shak._) sourness.--_adjs._ (_obs._) RANCK=_Rank_; RAN'COROUS, malicious: virulent.--_adv._ RAN'COROUSLY. [Fr.,--L. _rancor_, an old grudge--_rancere_, to be rancid.]

RAND, rand, _n._ a strip of flesh or of leather: one of the slips beneath the heel of the shoe, called the _heel-rand_: a margin, border, edge, of a stream: a territory, as the Rand in the Transvaal.--_ns._ RAND'ING-MACHINE', a machine for fitting rands to heel-blanks; RAND'ING-TOOL, a tool for cutting out rands for shoes. [A.S. _rand_, _rond_, border.]

RAND, rand, _v.i._ an old form of _rant_.

RANDALL-GRASS, ran'dal-gras, _n._ the meadow fescue.

RANDAN, ran'dan, _n._ a noise or uproar: a spree--in phrase, 'On the randan:' the finest part of the bran of wheat: a boat impelled by three oarsmen--also RANDAN GIG. [Prob. from _rand_, a variant of _rant_.]

RANDLE-BAR, ran'dl-bar, _n._ the horizontal bar in an open chimney on which cooking-vessels are hung.--Also RAN'DLE-BALK.

RANDLE-TREE. See RANTLE-TREE.

RANDOM, ran'dum, _adj._ done or uttered at haphazard: left to chance: aimless--(_obs._) RAN'DON.--_n._ something done without aim, chance--now only in phrase, AT RANDOM, haphazard.--_adv._ RAN'DOMLY, without direction: by chance. [O. Fr. _randon_, urgency, haste; from Teut.; Ger. _rand_, a brim.]

RANDY, ran'di, _n._ a virago: (_Scot._) a romping girl: a violent beggar. [_Rand_, _rant_.]

RANEE. See RANI.

RANG, rang, _pa.t._ of _ring_.

RANGE, r[=a]nj, _v.t._ to rank or set in a row: to place in proper order: to rove or pass over: to sail in a direction parallel to.--_v.i._ to be placed in order: to lie in a particular direction: to have range or direction: to rove at large: to beat about, as for game: to sail or pass near: to be on a level: to extend.--_n._ a row or rank: a class or order: a wandering: room for passing to and fro: space occupied by anything moving: capacity of mind: extent of acquirements: the horizontal distance to which a shot is carried: a space through which a body moves, as the range of a thermometer: the long cooking-stove of a kitchen: a fire-grate.--_adj._ RANGÉ (_her._), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row fessewise.--_n._ RANGE'-FIND'ER, an instrument for determining the range of an object by sight.--_n.pl._ RANGE'-LIGHTS, lights placed in line, usually at or near a lighthouse, so as to direct the course of a ship through a channel: lights on board ship so placed as to give a ready indication of changes of course to other vessels.--_n._ RANG'ER, a rover: a dog that beats the ground: an officer who superintends a forest or park.--_n.pl._ RANG'ERS, a body of mounted troops: a name sometimes taken by clubs of football players, &c.--_ns._ RANG'ERSHIP; RANGE'-STOVE, a portable cooking-range.--_adj._ RAN'GY, disposed to roam: roomy. [Fr. _ranger_, to range--_rang_, a rank.]

RANGIA, ran'ji-a, _n._ a family of bivalves. [From _Rang_, a French conchologist.]

RANGIFER, ran'ji-fer, _n._ a genus of _Cervidæ_, to which the reindeer belongs.--_adjs._ RAN'GERINE, RANGIF'ERINE. [O. Fr. _rangier_, a reindeer, most prob. the Ice. _hreinn_, reindeer, L. _fera_, a wild beast.]

RANI, RANEE, ran'[=e], _n._ the wife of a rajah. [Hind. _r[=a]n[=i]_--Sans. _r[=a]jñi_, queen, fem. of _r[=a]jan_.]

RANIDÆ, ran'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the largest family of batrachians, including about 250 species, of several genera.--_adjs._ RAN'IFORM, frog-like; R[=A]'NINE, pertaining to frogs; R[=A]NIV'OROUS, frog-eating. [L. _rana_, a frog.]

RANK, rangk, _n._ a row or line, esp. of soldiers standing side by side: class or order: grade or degree: station: high social position or standing.--_v.t._ to place in a line: to range in a particular class: to place methodically: to take rank over.--_v.i._ to be placed in a rank or class: to have a certain degree of distinction: to be admitted as a claim against the property of a bankrupt.--_n._ RANK'ER, one who arranges or disposes in ranks: an officer who has risen from the ranks.--RANK AND FILE, the whole body of common soldiers.--TAKE RANK OF, to have the right to take a higher place than; TAKE RANK WITH, to take the same rank as; THE RANKS, the order of common soldiers. [O. Fr. _renc_ (Fr. _rang_)--Old High Ger. _hring_ or _hrinc_, Eng. _ring_.]

RANK, rangk, _adj._ growing high and luxuriantly: coarse from excessive growth: raised to a high degree: excessive: very fertile: strong-scented: strong-tasted: rancid: utter, as rank nonsense: coarse: indecent: (_Shak._) ruttish: (_slang_) eager: (_law_) excessive: (_mech._) cutting deeply.--_adv._ (_Spens._) rankly, fiercely.--_v.i._ RANK'LE, to be inflamed: to fester: to be a source of disquietude or excitement: to rage.--_v.t._ to irritate.--_adv._ RANK'LY, offensively: to an inordinate degree.--_n._ RANK'NESS, exuberant growth: (_Shak._) insolence.--_adjs._ RANK'-R[=I]'DING, hard-riding; RANK'-SCENT'ED (_Shak._), strong-scented: rancid. [A.S. _ranc_, fruitful, rank; Ice. _rakkr_, bold, Dan. _rank_, lank, slender.]

RANSACK, ran'sak, _v.t._ to search thoroughly: to plunder: to pillage.--_n._ eager search.--_n._ RAN'SACKER. [Scand. _rannsaka_--_rann_, a house, _sak_ (_sækja_), Eng. _seek_.]

RANSOM, ran'sum, _n._ price paid for redemption from captivity or punishment: release from captivity: atonement: expiation.--_v.t._ to redeem from captivity, punishment, or ownership: (_Shak._) to set free for a price: (_Shak._) to expiate.--_adj._ RAN'SOMABLE.--_n._ RAN'SOMER.--_adj._ RAN'SOMLESS, without ransom: incapable of being ransomed. [Fr. _rançon_--L. _redemptio_; cf. _Redemption_.]

RANT, rant, _v.i._ to use extravagant language: to be noisy in words: to be noisily merry.--_n._ empty declamation: bombast: (_Scot._) a frolic.--_ns._ RANT'ER, a noisy talker: a jovial fellow: a boisterous preacher: a byname for the Primitive Methodists: a nickname applied to the members of a sect of the Commonwealth time; RANT'ERISM.--_adv._ RANT'INGLY, boisterously.--_adj._ RANT'IPOLE, wild.--_n._ a reckless fellow. [Old Dut. _ranten_, to rave; Low Ger. _randen_, Ger. _ranzen_.]

RANTLE-TREE, ran'tl-tr[=e], _n._ (_Scot._) a beam built into the gable of a cottage.

RANULA, ran'[=u]-la, _n._ a tumour on the tongue of cattle.--_adj._ RAN'[=U]LAR. [L.]

RANUNCULUS, r[=a]-nung'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of plants, including the crowfoot, buttercup, &c.:--_pl._ R[=A]NUN'CUL[=I], R[=A]NUN'CULUSES.--_adj._ R[=A]NUNCUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the order of which the ranunculus is the typical genus. [L., a dim. of _rana_, a frog.]

RANZ-DES-VACHES, rong'-d[=a]-väsh', _n._ a melody of the Swiss, played on the alpenhorn. [Swiss Fr., either 'the lowing of the cows' or 'the line of cows.' _Vaches_, pl. of _vache_--L. _vacca_, a cow; _ranz_, either Swiss dial. _ranz_ (cf. Ger. _ranzen_), or for _rangs_, pl. of rang, a line.]

RAP, rap, _n._ a sharp blow: a knock, or a sound made by knocking: a counterfeit coin current in Ireland for a halfpenny in the time of George I.--hence, 'Not worth a rap.'--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to strike with a quick blow: to knock: to utter sharply, as to rap out a lie: to swear falsely:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rapped.--_n._ RAP'PER, one who raps: a door-knocker. [Scand., as Dan. _rap_; imit.]

RAP, rap, _v.t._ to seize and carry off: to transport out of one's self: to affect with rapture:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.p._ rapped or rapt. [Scand., as Ice. _hrapa_, to rush headlong, cog. with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch.]

RAPACIOUS, ra-p[=a]'shus, _adj._ seizing by violence: given to plunder: ravenous: greedy of gain.--_n._ RAP[=A]'CES, the beasts and birds of prey.--_adv._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSNESS, RAPAC'ITY, the quality of being rapacious: ravenousness: extortion. [L. _rapax_, _rapacis_--_rap[)e]re_, _raptum_, to seize and carry off.]

RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the act of seizing and carrying away by force: carnal knowledge of a woman without her consent.--_adj._ RAPE'FUL, given to violence or lust. [M. E. _rapen_, to haste, a variant of _rappen_, to seize, confused with L. _rap[)e]re_, to snatch.]

RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a division of the county of Sussex, greater than the hundred. [Ice. _hreppr_, district.]

RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a plant nearly allied to the turnip, cultivated for its herbage and oil-producing seeds: cole-seed.--_ns._ RAPE'-CAKE, cake made of the refuse, after the oil has been expressed from the rape-seed; RAPE'-OIL, oil obtained from rape-seed; RAPE'-SEED, the seed of the rape, cole-seed. [Through Fr. from L. _rapa_, _rapum_, a turnip; cog. with Gr. _rhapys_.]

RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the stalk and skin of grapes.

RAP-FULL, rap'-fool, _adj._ full of wind--of sails when close-hauled.--_n._ a sail full of wind.

RAPHAELESQUE, raf-[=a]-el-esk', _adj._ in the manner of the great Italian painter _Raphael_, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520).--_ns._ RAPH'[=A]ELISM, the principles of art of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITE, one who follows the principles of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITISM.

RAPHANIA, raf-[=a]'ni-a, _n._ ergotism, a disease occurring in two forms, a spasmodic and a gangrenous, due to the use of rye, wheat, rice, &c., in which a poisonous fungus has developed.--_n._ RAPH'ANUS, a genus of _Cruciferæ_, the radish family.

RAPHE, r[=a]'f[=e], _n._ (_anat._) a seam-like union of two lateral halves, either a median septum of connective tissue or a longitudinal ridge: the fibro-vascular cord joining the hilum of an anatropous or amphitropous ovule or seed with the chalaza: a line or rib connecting the nodules on a diatom-valve. [Gr. _rhaph[=e]_, a seam.]

RAPHIA, r[=a]'fi-a, _n._ a genus of handsome pinnately-leaved palms. [Malagasy.]

RAPHIDES, raf'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ crystals found in the interior of the cells of plants:--_sing._ R[=A]'PHIS.--_adjs._ R[=A]PHID'IAN, RAPHIDIF'EROUS. [Gr. _rhaphis_, _rhaphidos_, a needle--_rhaptein_, to sew.]

RAPHIGRAPH, raf'i-graf, _n._ a kind of typewriter for the blind, pricking characters in paper by needle-points. [Gr. _rhaphis_, a needle, _graphein_, to write.]

RAPID, rap'id, _adj._ hurrying along: very swift: speedy.--_n._ that part of a river where the current is most rapid (gen. in _pl._).--_n._ RAPID'ITY, quickness of motion or utterance: swiftness: velocity.--_adv._ RAP'IDLY.--_n._ RAP'IDNESS. [Fr. _rapide_--L. _rapidus_--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.]

RAPIDAMENTE, ra-p[=e]-dä-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) rapidly.--_adv._ RAP'IDO, with rapidity. [It.]

RAPIER, r[=a]'pi-[.e]r, _n._ a light, highly tempered, edgeless, thrusting weapon, finely pointed, and about 3 feet in length, long the favourite weapon in duelling.--_n._ R[=A]'PIER-FISH, a swordfish. [Fr. _rapière_, prob. from Sp. _raspadera_--_raspar_, _rapar_, to rasp.]

RAPINE, rap'in, _n._ act of seizing and carrying away forcibly: plunder: violence. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.]

RAPING, r[=a]'ping, _adj._ (_her._) tearing its prey: (_obs._) transporting, ravishing.

RAPLOCH, rap'loh, _n._ and _adj._ (_Scot._) homespun.

RAPPAREE, rap-ar-[=e]', _n._ a wild Irish plunderer: a vagabond. [Ir. _rapaire_, a robber.]

RAPPEE, ra-p[=e]', _n._ a coarse, strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. _râpé_, rasped, grated--_râper_, to rasp.]

RAPPEL, ra-pel', _n._ the beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. [Fr.]

RAPPER, rap'[.e]r, _n._ one who raps, esp. a spiritualistic medium: a swinging knocker for making signals at the mouth of a shaft: a loud oath or bold lie.--_adj._ RAP'PING (_prov._), remarkably large.

RAPPORT, ra-p[=o]r', _n._ accord, as in the French phrase, 'en rapport,' in harmony. [Fr.]

RAPPROCHEMENT, ra-pr[=o]sh'mong, _n._ reunion. [Fr.]

RAPSCALLION, rap-skal'yun, _n._ a rascal: a wretch. [_Rascallion_.]

RAPT, rapt, _adj._ raised to rapture: transported: ravished:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _rap_ (2).--_v.t._ (_obs._) to grasp or carry off.--_n._ RAP'TOR, a ravisher. [_Rap_, to seize, influenced by L. _rap[)e]re_, to snatch.]

RAPTORES, rap-t[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an order of birds of prey distinguished by a hooked bill and sharp claws, and including the vultures, falcons, and owls--also RAPTAT[=O]'RES.--_adjs._ RAPT[=O]'RIAL, seizing by violence, as a bird of prey; RAPT[=O]'RIOUS. [L. _raptor_, a plunderer--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.]

RAPTURE, rap't[=u]r, _n._ a seizing and carrying away: extreme delight: transport: ecstasy.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]RED.--_n._ RAP'T[=U]RIST (_Spens._), one filled with rapture.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]ROUS, seizing and carrying away: ecstatic.--_adv._ RAP'T[=U]ROUSLY.

RARA AVIS, r[=a]'ra [=a]'vis, _n._ a rare bird: a remarkable person:--_pl._ R[=A]'RÆ [=A]'VES. [L.]

RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ (_comp._ R[=A]'RER; _superl._ R[=A]'REST) thin: not dense, as rarefied atmosphere: sparse: seldom met with: uncommon: excellent: especially good: extraordinary.--_ns._ R[=A]RE'BIT, an erroneous form of _Welsh-rabbit_; RAREFAC'TION, act of rarefying: expansion of aëriform bodies.--_adj._ RAR'EFIABLE, capable of being rarefied.--_v.t._ RAREFY (rar'e-f[=i], or r[=a]'re-f[=i]), to make rare, thin, or less dense: to expand a body.--_v.i._ to become less dense:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rar'efied.--_adv._ R[=A]RE'LY, seldom: remarkably well.--_ns._ R[=A]RE'NESS, tenuity: scarcity; RARITY (rar'i-ti), state of being rare: thinness: subtilty: something valued for its scarcity: uncommonness. [Fr.,--L. _r[=a]rus_.]

RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ underdone--of meat. [A.S. _hr[=e]r_.]

RAREE-SHOW, rar'[=e]-sh[=o], _n._ a show carried about in a box: a peep-show. [A corr. of _rarity-show_.]

RARERIPE, r[=a]r'r[=i]p, _adj._ early ripe. [_Rathripe_.]

RAS, ras, _n._ the chief vizier in Abyssinia: a headland, cape. [Ar., 'head.']

RASANT, r[=a]'zant, _adj._ (_fort._) sweeping or flanking, applied to fire. [Fr.]

RASCAL, ras'kal, _n._ a dishonest fellow: a knave, rogue, scamp.--_adj._ worthless: mean.--_ns._ RAS'CALDOM, the class of rascals; RAS'CALISM, RASCAL'ITY, mean trickery or dishonesty: fraud: villainy: the rabble.--_adj._ RAS'CALLIEST (_Shak._, _superl._ of Rascally).--_n._ RASCALL'ION, a rascal: one of the lowest people: a low, mean wretch.--_adjs._ RAS'CALLY, RAS'CAL-LIKE, mean: vile: base. [Fr. _racaille_, scum of the people, through Low L. forms from L. _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.]

RASE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to scratch or blot out: to efface: to cancel: to level with the ground, demolish, or ruin (in this sense _raze_ is generally used).--_n._ a slight wound.--_ns._ R[=A]'SING, in shipbuilding, the act of marking figures upon timber; R[=A]'SING-[=I]'RON, a caulking-iron for cleaning the pitch, &c., from a vessel's seams; R[=A]'SING-KNIFE, an edged tool for making marks on timber, &c.; R[=A]'SION, a scraping: rasure; R[=A]'SURE, act of scraping, shaving, or erasing: obliterating: an erasure. [Fr. _raser_--L. _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.]

RASH, rash, _adj._ (_comp._ RASH'ER; _superl._ RASH'EST) hasty: headstrong: incautious.--_adj._ RASH'-EMBRACED' (_Shak._), rashly undertaken.--_ns._ RASH'ER, a thin slice of broiled bacon, perh. because quickly roasted; RASH'LING, a rash person.--_adv._ RASH'LY, precipitately.--_n._ RASH'NESS. [Dan. and Sw. _rask_; Ger. _rasch_, rapid.]

RASH, rash, _n._ a slight eruption on the skin. [O. Fr. _rasche_ (Fr. _rache_)--L. _rad[)e]re_, to scratch.]

RASH, rash, _v.t._ (_obs._) to tear, to lacerate. [Fr. _arracher_, to uproot.]

RASKOLNIK, ras-kol'nik, _n._ in Russia, a schismatic, a dissenter from the orthodox or Greek Church.

RASORIAL, ra-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to an order of birds which scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.--_n.pl._ RAS[=O]'RES, the _Gallinæ_. [_Rase_.]

RASP, rasp, _v.t._ to rub with a coarse file: to utter in a grating manner.--_v.i._ to have a grating effect.--_n._ a coarse file.--_ns._ RASP'ATORY, a surgeon's rasp; RASP'ER, that which rasps: (_coll._) a difficult fence; RASP'-HOUSE, a place where wood is reduced to powder for dyeing; RASP'ING, a filing.--_adj._ exasperating.--_adv._ RASP'INGLY.--_ns._ RASP'ING-MACHINE', a bark-cutting machine; RASP'ING-MILL; RASP'-PUNCH, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.--_adj._ RASP'Y, rough. [O. Fr. _rasper_ (Fr. _râper_)--Old High Ger. _rasp[=o]n_, whence Ger. _raspeln_, to rasp.]

RASPBERRY, raz'ber-i, _n._ the fruit of several plants of genus _Rubus_, the plant producing it--also RASP.--_n._ RASP'BERRY-BUSH, the shrub which yields the raspberry.--RASPBERRY BORER, the larvæ of one of the clear-winged sphinxes; RASPBERRY VINEGAR, a drink of raspberry juice, vinegar, and sugar.

RASTRUM, ras'trum, _n._ a music-pen. [_Rase._]

RAT, rat, _n._ an animal of the genus _Mus_, larger and more destructive than the mouse: a renegade, turncoat: a workman who accepts lower than the authorised wages, who declines to join in a strike, or who takes a striker's work: a roll of anything used to puff out the hair which is turned over it.--_v.i._ (_coll._) to desert one's party and join their opponents for gain or power: to take lower than current wages, to refuse to join in a strike, to take a striker's place:--_pr.p._ rat'ting; _pa.p._ and _pa.t._ rat'ted.--_ns._ RAT'-CATCH'ER, one whose business it is to catch rats; RAT'-CATCH'ING; RAT'-HOLE (_print._), a pigeon-hole; RAT'-PIT, an enclosure where rats are killed; RAT'-POI'SON, a preparation of arsenic; RAT'S'-BANE, poison for rats: arsenious acid; RAT'-TAIL, an excrescence growing on a horse's leg.--_adj._ RAT'-TAILED, having a tail like a rat.--_ns._ RAT'TER, a terrier which catches rats; RAT'TERY, apostasy; RAT'TING, deserting one's principles: working for less than the usual prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; RAT'-TRAP, a trap for catching rats.--RAT-TAILED LARVA, the larva of certain syrphid flies.--SMELL A RAT, to have a suspicion. [A.S. _ræt_; Ger. _ratte_.]

RATA, rä'ta, _n._ a New Zealand tree related to various species of Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for shipbuilding.

RATABLE, RATEABLE, r[=a]'ta-bl, _adj._ See RATE.

RATAFIA, rat-a-f[=e]'a, _n._ a flavouring essence made with the essential oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,--Malay _araqtáfía_, from Ar. _`araq_, Malay _táfía_, rum.]

RATAN, ra-tan', _n._ Same as RATTAN.

RATANY, rat'a-ni, _n._ a perennial procumbent shrub, yielding the medicinal _ratany root_. [Peruv.]

RATAPLAN, rat-a-plong', _n._ the sound or rattle of the military drum, a tattoo. [Fr.; imit.]

RAT-A-TAT, rat'-a-tat', _n._ sound of repeated knocks, as of a drumstick.--Also RAT'-TAT. [Imit.]

RATCH, rach, _n._ a rack or bar with teeth into which a click drops: the wheel which makes a clock strike: a white mark on the face of a horse.--_v.t._ to stretch: to streak.--_v.i._ to sail by tacks.--_ns._ RATCH'ET, a bar acting on the teeth of a ratchet-wheel: a click or pall; RATCH'ET-COUP'LING, a device for uncoupling machinery in the event of a sudden stoppage; RATCH'ET-DRILL, a tool for drilling holes, the bit mounted in a stock and rotated by a ratchet-wheel and lever; RATCH'ET-JACK, a form of screw-jack; RATCH'ET-L[=E]'VER, a lever fitted round a ratchet-wheel; RATCH'ET-PUNCH, a punch worked by means of a ratchet-lever; RATCH'ET-WHEEL, a wheel having teeth against which a ratchet abuts, for changing a reciprocating into a rotatory motion, &c.; RATCH'ET-WRENCH, a ratchet bed-key wrench.--_adj._ RATCH'ETY, jerky.--_n._ RATCH'MENT (_archit._), a flying buttress springing from corner principals. [_Rack._]

RATCHEL, rach'el, _n._ (_prov._) broken-stone, hard-pan.--Also RATCH'IL.

RATE, r[=a]t, _n._ a ratio or proportion: allowance: standard: value: price: the class of a ship and of seamen: movement, as fast or slow: a tax.--_v.t._ to calculate: to estimate: to settle the relative rank, scale, or position of.--_v.i._ to make an estimate: to be placed in a certain class: to ratify.--_ns._ R[=A]TABIL'ITY, R[=A]'TABLENESS, quality of being ratable.--_adj._ R[=A]'TABLE, R[=A]'TEABLE, that may be rated or set at a certain value: subject to taxation.--_adv._ R[=A]'TABLY.--_ns._ R[=A]TE'-BOOK, a book of valuations; R[=A]TE'PAYER, one who pays a local tax.--_adj._ R[=A]TE'PAYING, paying, or relating to, an assessed local tax.--_ns._ R[=A]'TER, one who makes an estimate; R[=A]TE'-TITHE, a tithe paid for sheep and cattle; R[=A]'TING, a fixing of rates: classification according to rank or grade.--AT ANY RATE, by any means; BY NO RATE, by no means. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _rata_, rate--L. _r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.]

RATE, r[=a]t, _v.t._ to tax: to scold: to chide: to reprove. [M. E. _raten_, acc. to Skeat, from O. Fr. _aretter_, to impute--L. _ad_, to, _reput[=a]re_, to count. Others explain as Scand., Sw. _rata_, to reject.]

RATEL, r[=a]'tel, _n._ a genus of quadrupeds of the bear family, nearly allied to the gluttons, and very like the badgers. [Fr., dim. of _rat_.]

RAT-GOOSE, rat'-g[=oo]s, _n._ the brent or brant goose.

RATH, räth, _adj._ early, soon--also RATHE.--_adv._ RATH (_arch._), early, soon.--_adj._ RATH'EREST (_Shak._), _superl._ of RATH.--_adv._ RATH'LY, suddenly.--_adj._ RATH'RIPE, early ripe. [A.S. _hræth_, quickly; Ice. _hradhr_, swift, Mid. High Ger. _hrad_, quick.]

RATH, rath, _n._ a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.]

RATH, rät, _n._ a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples.

RATH, rät, _n._ a Burmese state-carriage.

RATHER, räth'[.e]r, _adv._ more willingly: in preference: especially: more so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more properly: (_coll._) considerably, very much.--_adj._ RATH'ERISH, to a slight degree, somewhat.--RATHER BETTER THAN, somewhat in excess of.--THE RATHER, by so much the more. [A.S. _hrathor_, comp. of _hrathe_, early.]

RATIFY, rat'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to approve and sanction: to settle:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rat'ified.--_ns._ RATIFIC[=A]'TION, act of ratifying or confirming: confirmation; RAT'IFIER, one who, or that which, ratifies or sanctions. [Fr. _ratifier_--L. _ratus_, fixed by calculation--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

RATIO, r[=a]'shi-o, _n._ the relation or the proportion of one thing to another: reason, cause: (_mus._) the relation between the vibration-numbers of two tones. [L. _ratio_, reason--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.]

RATIOCINATE, rash-i-os'i-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to reason:--_pr.p._ ratioc'inating; _pa.p._ ratioc'inated.--_n._ RATIOCIN[=A]'TION, the process of reasoning: deduction from premises.--_adjs._ RATIOC'IN[=A]TIVE, RATIOC'IN[=A]TORY. [L. _ratiocin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_ratio_, reason.]

RATION, r[=a]'shon, _n._ the quantity of provisions distributed to a soldier or sailor daily: an allowance.--_n._ R[=A]'TION-MON'EY, money paid as commutation for rations. [Fr.,--L. _ratio_.]

RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _adj._ pertaining to the reason: endowed with reason: agreeable to reason: sane: intelligent: judicious: (_arith._, _alg._) noting a quantity which can be exactly expressed by numbers.--_n._ RATIONABIL'ITY, the possession of reason.--_adj._ RAT'IONABLE, reasonable.--_ns._ RATION[=A]'LE, a rational account of anything, with reasons for its existence: a theoretical explanation or solution; RATIONALIS[=A]'TION, subjection to rational principles.--_v.t._ RAT'IONALISE, to interpret like a rationalist: to think for one's self.--_v.i._ to rely entirely or unduly on reason.--_ns._ RAT'IONALISM, the religious system or doctrines of a rationalist; RAT'IONALIST, one who believes himself guided in his opinions solely by reason, independently of authority, esp. in regard to religion--denying supernatural revelation.--_adjs._ RATIONALIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism.--_adv._ RATIONALIST'ICALLY, in a rationalistic manner.--_n._ RATIONAL'ITY, quality of being rational: the possession or due exercise of reason: reasonableness.--_adv._ RAT'IONALLY, reasonably.--_n._ RAT'IONALNESS.--_n.pl._ RAT'IONALS, dress for women convenient for bicycling, &c.--breeches instead of skirts.

RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _n._ the breast-plate of the Jewish high-priest: a pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. _rationale_, a mistaken rendering in the Vulgate of the Gr. _logion_, oracle.]

RATITÆ, r[=a]-t[=i]'t[=e], _n._ a division of birds, including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.--_n._ R[=A]'TITE, RAT'ITATE, raft-breasted, as a bird.

RATIUNCULE, r[=a]-shi-ung'k[=u]l, _n._ a ratio very near unity. [Dim. of L. _ratio_.]

RATLINE, RATLIN, rat'lin, _n._ one of the small lines or ropes traversing the shrouds and forming the steps of the rigging of ships--also RAT'LING, RATT'LING.--_n._ RAT'LINE-STUFF (_naut._), a tarred rope from which ratlines are made. [Prob. _rat-lines_.]

RATOON, ra-t[=oo]n', _n._ a new shoot from the root of a sugar-cane.--_v.i._ to send up new shoots from the root after cropping. [Hind. _ratun_.]

RATTAN, rat-an', _n._ a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay _rótan_.]

RATTAN, ra-tan', _n._ the continuous beat of a drum.

RATTEEN, rat-t[=e]n', _n._ a thick woollen stuff. [Fr.]

RATTEN, rat'n, _v.t._ to break or take away a workman's tools, &c., for disobeying the trades-union--the loss being ironically attributed to rats.

RATTINET, rat-ti-net', _n._ a thin variety of ratteen.

RATTING. See RAT.

RATTLE, rat'l, _v.i._ to clatter: to move along rapidly, with a clattering noise: to speak eagerly and noisily.--_v.t._ to cause to make a clatter: to stun with noise: to speak rapidly: to scold loudly.--_n._ a sharp noise rapidly repeated, as the death-rattle: a clatter: loud empty talk: loud scolding: a toy or instrument for rattling: a brisk jabberer: an annual meadow herb: a lousewort.--_adjs._ RATT'LE-BRAINED, -HEAD'ED, -PAT'ED, noisy: giddy: unsteady.--_ns._ RATT'LE-MOUSE, a bat; RATT'LEPATE, a noisy chatterer; RATT'LER, a loud, inconsiderate talker: (_coll._) a stunning blow: (_coll._) an impudent lie; RATT'LESNAKE, a poisonous snake having a number of hard, bony rings loosely jointed at the end of the tail, which make a rattling noise; RATT'LESNAKE-GRASS, an American grass; RATT'LESNAKE-MAS'TER, -ROOT, an American plant reputed to cure the bite of a rattlesnake; RATT'LESNAKE-WEED, a hawk-weed of the United States; RATT'LE-TRAP, a rickety vehicle; RATT'LEWORT, a plant of genus _Crotalaria_; RATT'LING, a clattering: railing.--_adj._ making a rattle: smart, lively: (_coll._) strikingly great. [A.S. _hrætele_, _hratele_, a plant--from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. _rasseln_, Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.]

RATTLING, rat'ling, _n._ Same as RATLINE.

RAUCITY, raws'i-ti, _n._ hoarseness: harshness of sound.--_adjs._ RAUC'ID, RAUCOUS (raw'kus), hoarse.--_adv._ RAUC'OUSLY. [L. _raucus_, hoarse.]

RAUCLE, rawk'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough: fearless.

RAUGHT, rawt (_Spens._)--(_obs._) _pa.t._ of _reach_.

RAVAGE, rav'[=a]j, _v.t._ to lay waste: to destroy: to pillage.--_n._ devastation: ruin.--_n._ RAV'AGER. [Fr.,--_ravir_, to carry off by force--L. _rap[)e]re_.]

RAVE, r[=a]v, _v.i._ to be mad: to be wild or raging, like a madman: to talk irrationally.--_v.t._ to utter wildly.--_ns._ R[=A]'VER, one who raves or is furious; R[=A]'VING, furious talk.--_adj._ delirious: distracted.--_adv._ R[=A]'VINGLY, in a raving manner: with frenzy: with distraction. [O. Fr. _râver_ (Fr. _rêver_), to be delirious--L. _rabies_, madness.]

RAVE, r[=a]v, _n._ one of the side pieces of a wagon.

RAVE, r[=a]v, _old pa.t._ of _rive_.

RAVE-HOOK, r[=a]v'-hook, _n._ a ripping-iron.

RAVEL, rav'el, _v.t._ to confuse, entangle: to untwist or unweave: to unravel (in this sense usually with _out_).--_v.i._ to be untwisted or unwoven: to become entangled: to search (with _into_):--_pr.p._ rav'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rav'elled.--_n._ a ravelled thread.--_adj._ RAV'ELLED, denoting bread made from flour and bran.--_ns._ RAV'ELLING, a ravelled thread; RAV'ELLING-EN'GINE, a machine for tearing rags.--_adv._ RAV'ELLY.--_n._ RAV'ELMENT, discord. [Dut. _ravelen_.]

RAVELIN, rav'lin, _n._ a detached work with two embankments raised before the counterscarp. [Fr.,--It. _rivellino_.]

RAVEN, r[=a]'vn, _n._ a kind of crow, noted for its croak and glossy black plumage.--_adj._ black, like a raven.--_adj._ R[=A]'VEN-COL'OURED (_Shak._).--_ns._ R[=A]'VEN'S-DUCK, fine hempen sail-cloth; R[=A]'VENSTONE, a gallows. [A.S. _hræfn_; Ice. _hrafn_, Dut. _raaf_.]

RAVEN, RAVIN (_B._), rav'n, _v.t._ to obtain by violence: to devour with great eagerness or voracity.--_v.i._ to prey rapaciously.--_n._ prey: plunder.--_ns._ RAV'ENER, a plunderer; RAV'ENING (_B._), eagerness for plunder.--_adjs._ RAV'ENOUS, RAV'INED, voracious: devouring with rapacity: eager for prey or gratification.--_adv._ RAV'ENOUSLY.--_n._ RAV'ENOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _ravine_, plunder--L. _rapina_, plunder.]

RAVINE, ra-v[=e]n', _n._ a long, deep hollow, worn away by a torrent: a deep, narrow mountain-pass. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_, rapine, violence.]

RAVISH, rav'ish, _v.t._ to seize or carry away by violence: to rob: to have sexual intercourse with by force: to fill with ecstasy.--_n._ RAV'ISHER.--_p.adj._ RAV'ISHING, delighting to rapture: transporting: ecstatic.--_adv._ RAV'ISHINGLY, in a ravishing manner: with rapture.--_n._ RAV'ISHMENT, act of ravishing: abduction: rape: ecstatic delight: rapture. [Fr. _ravir_--L. _rap[)e]re_.]

RAW, raw, _adj._ not altered from its natural state: not cooked or dressed: unbaked: not prepared or manufactured: not mixed: having the skin abraded: sore, as from abrasion of the skin: unfinished: immature: inexperienced: chilly and damp.--_n._ a galled place: an inveterate sore: hence (_fig._) a point on which one is particularly sensitive.--_adjs._ RAW'BONE (_Spens._), RAW'BONED, with little flesh on the bones: gaunt; RAW'-COLD (_Shak._), damp and cold.--_ns._ RAW'HEAD, a spectre mentioned to frighten children; RAW'HIDE, an untanned skin: a whip made of twisted, untanned leather.--_adj._ RAW'ISH, rather raw.--_adv._ RAW'LY.--_ns._ RAW'NESS; RAW'-PORT, a porthole through which an oar can be worked in a small vessel. [A.S. _hreáw_; Dut. _raauw_, Ice. _hrár_, Ger. _roh_.]

RAX, raks, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to reach out, hand. [_Rack._]

RAY, r[=a], _n._ array.--_v.t._ to array--hence, ironically, (_Shak._) to bedaub. [_Array._]

RAY, r[=a], _n._ a line of light or heat: a beam or gleam of intellectual light: a radiating part of any structure: (_bot._) the outer part of a flower-cluster.--_v.t._ to radiate: to furnish with rays.--_v.i._ to shine out.--_adjs._ RAYED, having rays; RAY'LESS, without rays: destitute of light. [Fr. _raie_--L. _radius_, a rod.]

RAY, r[=a], _n._ a popular name for such flat, cartilaginous fishes as the skate, thornback, and torpedo.--_n._ RAY'-OIL, oil prepared from the livers of ray-fish. [Fr. _raie_--L. _raia_.]

RAY, r[=a], _n._ the scab--a disease of sheep.

RAY, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._) the second note of the diatonic scale.

RAYAH, rä'ya, _n._ a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the capitation tax. [Ar. _raiya_--_ra`a_, to pasture.]

RAYLE, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIL.

RAYNE, r[=a]n, _v.i._ and _n._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIN.

RAYON, r[=a]'on, _n._ (_Spens._) a ray. [Fr.]

RAYONNANT, r[=a]'o-nant, _adj._ (_her._) sending forth rays. [Fr., _pr.p._ of _rayonner_, to emit rays--_rayon_, a ray.]

RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as RACE (3).

RAZE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to lay level with the ground: to overthrow: to destroy. [_Rase._]

RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ a swinging fence in a water-course to prevent the passage of cattle.

RAZEE, ra-z[=e]', _n._ a ship-of-war cut down by reducing the number of decks. [Fr. _rasé_, cut down.]

RAZOR, r[=a]'zor, _n._ a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the _razors_ of a boar.--_adj_ R[=A]'ZORABLE (_Shak._), fit to be shaved.--_ns._ R[=A]'ZOR-BACK, a kind of baleen whale, also called _Rorqual_, _Fin-back_, or _Finner_: a hog whose back has the form of a ridge; R[=A]'ZOR-BILL, a species of auk, common on the coasts of the northern Atlantic; R[=A]'ZOR-BLADE, -CLAM, -FISH, -SHELL, a bivalve mollusc with an elongated, narrow shell; R[=A]'ZOR-HONE, a hone for sharpening razors; R[=A]'ZOR-PASTE, a paste for spreading on a razor-strop; R[=A]'ZOR-STROP, a strop for razors. [Fr. _rasoir_--L. _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.]

RAZURE, r[=a]'zh[=oo]r, _n._ Same as ERASURE.

RAZZIA, rat'si-a, _n._ a pillaging incursion--Algerian.

RE, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._). Same as RAY.

RE, r[=e], _n._ a word used in the legal phrase IN RE, in the case (of). [L., abl. of _res_, thing, case.]

REABSORB, r[=e]-ab-sorb', _v.t._ to absorb, suck in, or swallow up again.--_n._ REABSORP'TION.

REACCOMMODATE, r[=e]-a-kom'o-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to readjust.

REACCUSE, r[=e]-a-k[=u]z', _v.t._ to accuse again.

REACH, r[=e]ch, _v.t._ to stretch or extend: to attain or obtain by stretching out the hand: to hand over: to extend to: to arrive at: to get at: to gain.--_v.i._ to be extended: to mount up in quantity or number: to stretch out the hand: to try to obtain: to arrive.--_n._ act or power of reaching: extent of stretch: extent of force: penetration: artifice: contrivance: a straight portion of a stream between bends: (_naut._) the distance traversed between tacks.--_adj_ REACH'ABLE, within reach.--_ns._ REACH'ER, one who reaches; REACH'ING-POST, in rope-making, a post fixed at the lower end of a rope-walk.--_adjs_ REACH'LESS, unattainable; REACH'-ME-DOWN, ready-made.--HEAD REACH, the distance to windward traversed by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. _r['æ]can_; Ger. _reichen_, to reach.]

REACQUITE, r[=e]-a-kw[=i]t', _v.t._ to pay back: to requite.

REACT, r[=e]-akt', _v.t._ to act anew.--_v.i._ to return an impulse in the opposite direction: to act mutually on each other.--_n._ REAC'TION, action resisting other action: mutual action: backward tendency from revolution, reform, or progress.--_adj_ REAC'TIONARY, for or implying reaction.--_n._ one who attempts to reverse political action.--_n._ REAC'TIONIST.--_adj_ REAC'TIVE.--_adv._ REAC'TIVELY.--_ns._ REAC'TIVENESS, REACTIV'ITY.

READ, r[=e]d, _v.t._ to utter aloud written or printed words: to peruse: to comprehend: to study, as to read law, science: to teach: to make out, from signs: to solve, as to read a dream: to interpret: to understand, as reading the stars: to note the indication of, as to read a barometer: impute by inference, as to read a meaning into a book.--_v.i._ to perform the act of reading: to practise much reading: to appear on reading: to advise: to speak: to acquire information: to utter the words of a book: (_mus._) to render music at first sight: to put a certain expression upon it: to be suitable for perusal:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ read (red).--_n._ READ, a reading, perusal: (_Spens._) counsel, a saying, an interpretation.--_adj_ READ (red), versed in books: learned.--_ns._ READABIL'ITY, READ'ABLENESS.--_adj_ READABLE (r[=e]d'a-bl), that may be read: worth reading: interesting: enabling to read.--_adv._ READ'ABLY.--_ns._ READ'ER, one who reads: one whose office it is to read prayers in a church, or lectures in a university, &c.: one who reads or corrects proofs: one who reads much: a reading-book; READ'ERSHIP, the office of a reader.--_adj._ READ'ING, addicted to reading.--_n._ act of reading: perusal: study of books: public or formal recital: the way in which a passage reads: an interpretation of a passage or work: a version: noting an instrument, as the reading of a barometer.--_ns._ READ'ING-BOOK, a book of exercises in reading; READ'ING-BOY (_print._), a reader's assistant; READ'ING-DESK, a desk for holding a book or paper while it is read: a church-lectern; READ'ING-LAMP, a form of lamp for use in reading; READ'ING-ROOM, a room with papers, periodicals, &c., resorted to for reading.--READ BETWEEN THE LINES, to detect a meaning not expressed; READ ONE'S SELF IN, in the Church of England, to read the Thirty-nine Articles and repeat the declaration of assent prescribed by law to a new incumbent.--PENNY READING, an entertainment consisting of readings, &c., to which the admission is a penny. [A.S. _r['æ]dan_, to discern, read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; Ger. _rathen_, to advise.]

READDRESS, r[=e]-ad-dres', _v.t._ to address again.

READEPTION, r[=e]-a-dep'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) the act of regaining, recovery.--_v.t._ READEPT'. [L. _re-_, again, _adipisci_, _adeptus_, to obtain.]

READJOURN, r[=e]-ad-jurn', _v.t._ to adjourn again.--_n._ READJOURN'MENT.

READJUST, r[=e]-ad-just', _v.t._ to adjust or put in order again, or in a new way.--_n._ READJUST'MENT.

READMIT, r[=e]-ad-mit', _v.t._ to admit again.--_ns._ READMIS'SION, act of readmitting: state of being readmitted; READMIT'TANCE, admittance or allowance to enter again.

READORN, r[=e]-a-dorn', _v.t._ to decorate again.

READY, red'i, _adj._ prepared at the moment: in proper time: prepared in mind: willing: not slow or awkward: dexterous: prompt: quick: present in hand: at hand: near: easy: on the point of: opportune: off-hand, as a ready retort.--_n._ a waiter's answer to a call: the position of a soldier's weapon after the order 'Make ready!' (_slang_) ready-money.--_v.t._ to dispose: to arrange.--_adv._ in a state of readiness or preparation.--_adv._ READ'ILY.--_n._ READ'INESS.--_adj._ READ'Y-MADE, made and ready for use: not made to order.--_ns._ READ'Y-MON'EY, cash payment; READ'Y-POLE, a bar across the chimney to support the pot-hook; READ'Y-RECK'ONER, a book of tables giving the value of any number of things from the lowest monetary unit upwards: also the interest on any sum of money from a day upwards.--_adj._ READ'Y-WIT'TED, having ready wit: clever: sharp.--MAKE READY, to prepare. [A.S. _r['æ]de_--_rídan_, to ride; Scot. _red_, to put in order, Ger. _be-reit_, ready.]

REAFFIRM, re-af-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to affirm again.--_n._ REAFFIRM[=A]'TION.

REAFFOREST, r[=e]-af-for'est, _v.t._ to convert anew into a forest.--_n._ REAFFOREST[=A]'TION.

REAGENT, r[=e]-[=a]'jent, _n._ a substance that reacts on and detects the presence of other bodies: a test: one who exerts reflex influence.--_n._ RE[=A]'GENCY.