Chapter XX: Part 20

QUARTZ, kworts, _n._ the common form of native silica, or the oxide of silicon, occurring both in crystals and massive, scratching glass easily, and becoming positively electrical by friction, colourless when pure--Rock-crystal, Common, and Compact Quartz.--_ns._ QUARTZ'-CRUSH'ER, -MILL, a machine, mill, where auriferous quartz is reduced to powder, and the gold separated by amalgamation.--_adj._ QUARTZIF'EROUS.--_ns._ QUARTZ'ITE, QUARTZ'-ROCK, a common rock, usually white, gray, or rusty in colour, and composed of an aggregate of quartz-grains welded together.--_adjs._ QUARTZIT'IC; QUARTZ'OSE, of or like quartz; QUARTZ'Y. [Ger. _quarz_.]

QUASH, kwosh, _v.t._ to crush: to subdue or extinguish suddenly and completely: to annul. [O. Fr. _quasser_ (Fr. _casser_)--L. _quass[=a]re_, inten. of _quat[)e]re_, to shake.]

QUASHEE, kwosh'e, _n._ a negro, esp. in West Indies.

QUASHEY, kwosh'i, _n._ a pumpkin.

QUASI, kw[=a]'s[=i], _conj._ and _adv._ as if: in a certain manner, sense, or degree--in appearance only, as '_quasi_-historical,' &c. [L.]

QUASIMODO, kwas-i-m[=o]'do, _n._ the first Sunday after Easter, Low Sunday. [From the first words of the introit for the day, 1 Peter, ii. 2; L. _Quasi modo geniti infantes_, as new-born babes, &c.]

QUASS, kwas, _n._ See KVASS.

QUASSATION, kwas-s[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of shaking: the state of being shaken: concussion.--_adj._ QUAS'SATIVE. [L. _quassatio_--_quass[=a]re_, to shake.]

QUASSIA, kwash'i-a, _n._ a South American tree, the bitter wood and bark of which are used as a tonic.--_ns._ QUASS'INE, QUASS'ITE, the bitter principle of quassia-wood, the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. [So called by Linnæus from a negro named _Quassi_, who first discoverer its value against fever.]

QUAT, kwot, _n._ (_Shak._) a pimple: an insignificant person.

QUATCH, kwoch, _adj._ (_Shak._) squat, flat.

QUATERCENTENARY, qua-ter-sen'te-n[=a]-ri, _n._ a 400th anniversary.

QUATERFOIL, kat'[.e]r-foil, _n._ See QUARTERFOIL.

QUATERNARY, kwa-t[.e]r'nar-i, _adj._ consisting of four: by fours: pertaining to strata more recent than the Upper Tertiary: (_math._) containing four variables.--_n._ a group of four things.--_adjs._ QU[=A]T'ERN, QU[=A]TER'N[=A]TE, composed of, or arranged in, sets of four.--_n._ QU[=A]TER'NION, a set or group of four: a word of four syllables: (_pl._) in mathematics, a calculus of peculiar power and generality invented by Sir W. R. Hamilton of Dublin, as a geometry, primarily concerning itself with the operations by which one directed quantity or vector is changed into another.--_v.t._ to divide into quaternions: (_Milt._) to divide into companies.--_ns._ QU[=A]TER'NIONIST, a student of quaternions; QU[=A]TERN'ITY, the state of being four, a group of four.--QUATERNARY NUMBER, ten; so called by the Pythagoreans because equal to 1 + 2 + 3 + 4.

QUATORZE, ka-torz', _n._ the four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens in the game of piquet.--_n._ QUATOR'ZAIN, a stanza or poem of fourteen lines. [Fr.]

QUATRAIN, kwot'r[=a]n, _n._ a stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. [Fr.]

QUATRE-FOIL, Fr. QUATRE-FEUILLE=QUARTERFOIL.

QUATTROCENTO, kwot-r[=o]-chen'to, _n._ in Italian, a term for the 15th century, its literature and art: the early Renaissance.--_n._ QUATTROCEN'TIST. Outstanding _quattrocentisti_ in art are Donatello, Masaccio, Lippo Lippi, and Mantegna. [It., 'four hundred,' contr. for 1400.]

QUAVER, kw[=a]'v[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake: to sing or play with tremulous modulations.--_n._ a trembling: a vibration of the voice: a note in music=half a crotchet or one-eighth of a semibreve.--_n._ QU[=A]'VERER.--_adv._ QU[=A]'VERINGLY. [Imit.; cf. _Quiver_, and Ger. _quabbeln_.]

QUAY, k[=e], _n._ a landing-place: a wharf for the loading or unloading of vessels.--_n._ QUAY'AGE, payment for use of a quay. [O. Fr. _quay_--Celt., as in Bret. _kaé_, and W. _cae_, an enclosure.]

QUAYD, kw[=a]d, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as QUELLED.

QUEACHY, kw[=e]'chi, _adj._ shaking: unsteady. [From _queach_, a variant of _quitch_.]

QUEAN, kw[=e]n, _n._ a saucy girl or young woman: a woman of worthless character. [_Queen_.]

QUEASY, kw[=e]'zi, _adj._ sick, squeamish: inclined to vomit: causing nausea: fastidious: ticklish, nice.--_adv._ QUEA'SILY.--_n._ QUEA'SINESS. [Scand.; Norw. _kveis_, sickness after a debauch, Ice. _-kveisa_, pains, as in _idhra-kveisa_, pains in the stomach.]

QUEBRACHO, ke-brä'ch[=o], _n._ the bark of several hard-wooded South American trees--good in fever. [Port.,--_quebrahacho_, axe-breaker--_quebrar_, to break, _hacha_, _facha_, axe.]

QUEBRADA, ke-brä'da, _n._ a ravine. [Sp. Amer.]

QUEEN, kw[=e]n, _n._ the wife of a king: a female sovereign: the best or chief of her kind: a queen-bee or queen-ant: of playing-cards, one with the queen painted on it: the piece in chess which is the most deadly in attack.--_v.i._ to play the queen.--_ns._ QUEEN'-APP'LE, QUEEN'ING, the name of several varieties of apple; QUEEN'-BEE, the sole female of a bee-hive, considerably larger than an ordinary bee; QUEEN'-CON'SORT, the wife of the reigning sovereign--opp. to QUEEN'-REG'NANT, holding the crown in her own right; QUEEN'CRAFT, craft or policy on the part of a queen; QUEEN'DOM, queenly rule or dignity: the realm of a queen; QUEEN'-DOW'AGER, the widow of a deceased king; QUEEN'HOOD, the state of being a queen; QUEEN'LET, a petty queen.--_adjs._ QUEEN'-LIKE, QUEEN'LY, like a queen: becoming or suitable to a queen.--_n._ QUEEN'LINESS.--_adv._ QUEEN'LY, like a queen.--_ns._ QUEEN'-MOTH'ER, a queen-dowager, the mother of the reigning king or queen; QUEEN'-OF-THE-MEAD'OWS, the meadow-sweet; QUEEN'-POST (_archit._), one of two upright posts in a trussed roof, resting upon the tie-beam, and supporting the principal rafters; QUEEN'-R[=E]'GENT, a queen who reigns as regent; QUEEN'S'-ARM, a musket; QUEEN'SHIP, the state, condition, or dignity of a queen; QUEEN'-STITCH, a square or chequer pattern in embroidery stitch.--QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY, a fund for augmenting the incomes of the poorer clergy of England, set aside in 1703; QUEEN ANNE STYLE (_archit._), the style popular in the early part of the 18th century, the buildings plain and simple, with classic cornices and details, and frequently with large windows divided by mullions; QUEEN OF HEAVEN, a title often given to the goddess Astarte or Ashtoreth: among Roman Catholics, a title for the Virgin Mary; QUEEN OF THE MAY=_May-queen_ (see MAY); * QUEEN'S BENCH (court of: see KING); * QUEEN'S COLOUR, one of the pair of colours belonging to each regiment in our army; * QUEEN'S COUNSEL (see COUNSEL); * QUEEN'S ENGLISH, correct use of the English language; * QUEEN'S EVIDENCE (see EVIDENT); * QUEEN'S MESSENGER (see MESSAGE); QUEEN'S METAL, an alloy consisting chiefly of tin; QUEEN'S TOBACCO PIPE, the facetious designation of a peculiarly shaped kiln which used to be situated at the corner of the tobacco warehouses belonging to the London Docks, and in which contraband goods were burned; QUEEN'S WARE, a variety of Wedgwood ware, otherwise known as _cream-coloured ware_; QUEEN'S YELLOW, the yellow subsulphate of mercury. [A.S. _cwén_; Goth. _kw[=e]ns_, Ice. _kván_, _kvæn_.]

* Now _King's Bench_, &c.

QUEER, kw[=e]r, _adj._ odd, singular, quaint: open to suspicion, dubious: counterfeit: having a sensation of coming sickness.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to banter, ridicule.--_adj._ QUEER'ISH, somewhat singular.--_n._ QUEER'ITY (_rare_).--_adv._ QUEER'LY.--_n._ QUEER'NESS.--QUEER STREET, the imaginary residence of persons in financial and other difficulties.--A QUEER FISH (see FISH); SHOVE THE QUEER (_slang_), to pass bad money. [Low Ger. _queer_, across, oblique (Ger. _quer_); cf. _Thwart_.]

QUEET, kw[=e]t, _n._ (_Scot._) an ankle. [_Coot_ (2).]

QUEEZ-MADAM, kw[=e]z'-mad'am, _n._ (_Scot._) the cuisse-madam, a French jargonelle pear.

QUEINT, kw[=a]nt, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as QUAINT.

QUEINT, kwent (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _quench_.

QUELCH, kwelch, _v.i._ (_prov._) to make a sucking sound like that of water in one's boots.

QUELEA, kw[=e]'le-a, _n._ the weaver-bird of Africa.

QUELL, kwel, _v.t._ to crush: subdue: to allay.--_v.i._ to die, perish, (_Shak._) abate.--_ns._ QUELL (_Shak._), murder: (_Keats_) power of quelling; QUELL'ER, one who quells or crushes: a slayer. [A.S. _cwellan_, to kill, causal of _cwelan_, to die. Cf. _Quail_ (v.).]

QUEME, kw[=e]m, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to please, suit, fit. [A.S. _cwéman_; cf. Ger. _bequem_, fit.]

QUENCH, kwensh, _v.t._ to put out: to destroy: to check: to allay: to place in water.--_v.i._ to lose zeal, grow cold.--_adj._ QUENCH'ABLE, that may be extinguished.--_ns._ QUENCH'ER, one who, or that which, quenches: a draught or drink; QUENCH'ING, act of extinguishing: the act of cooling the surface of molten metal and forming rosettes in the crust.--_adj._ QUENCH'LESS, that cannot be extinguished: irrepressible.--_adv._ QUENCH'LESSLY.--_n._ QUENCH'LESSNESS. [A.S. _cwencan_, to quench, causal of _cwincan_; cf. Old Fries. _kwinka_, to go out.]

QUENELLE, ke-nel', _n._ a forcemeat ball of chicken, veal, or the like. [Fr.]

QUENOUILLE-TRAINING, ke-n[=oo]'lye-tr[=a]'ning, _n._ the training of trees in a conical shape with the branches bent downwards. [Fr. _quenouille_, a distaff--Low L. _colucula_--L. _colus_, a distaff.]

QUERCETUM, kwer-s[=e]'tum, _n._ a collection of living oaks. [L.,--_quercus_, an oak.]

QUERCITRON, kwer'si-tron, _n._ the name both of a dye-stuff and of the species of oak of which it is the bark--the _Quercus coccinea_ of North America, also called _Dyer's oak_ and _Yellow-barked oak_.--_ns._ QUER'CITE, a sweet crystalline compound found in acorns; QUER'CITIN, a yellow crystalline compound derived from quercitrin by the action of mineral acids; QUER'CITRIN, a glucoside, the colouring-matter of quercitron-bark. [L. _quercus_, oak, _citrus_, a tree of the lemon kind.]

QUERELA, kwe-r[=e]'la, _n._ a complaint preferred in a court.--_n._ QU[=E]'RENT, a plaintiff. [L.]

QUERIMONIOUS, kwer-i-m[=o]'ni-us, _adj._ complaining: discontented.--_adv._ QUERIM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_n._ QUERIM[=O]'NIOUSNESS. [L. _querimonia_, a complaining--_queri_, to complain.]

QUERIST, kw[=e]'rist, _n._ one who inquires or asks questions. [_Query_.]

QUERK, kw[.e]rk, _v.t._ (_prov_.) to throttle.--_v.i._ to grunt.

QUERL, kw[.e]rl, _v.t._ (_U.S._) to twirl.--_n._ a coil.

QUERN, kw[.e]rn, _n._ a stone handmill for grinding grain. [A.S. _cwyrn_, _cweorn_; Ice. _kvern_, Goth, _kwairnus_.]

QUERQUEDULA, kwer-kwed'[=u]-la, _n._ the teal. [L.]

QUERULOUS, kwer'[=u]-lus, _adj._ complaining: discontented: quarrelsome.--_adv._ QUER'ULOUSLY.--_n._ QUER'ULOUSNESS. [L.,--_queri_, to complain.]

QUERY, kw[=e]'ri, _n._ an inquiry: the mark of interrogation.--_v.t._ to inquire into: to question: to doubt of: to mark with a query.--_v.i._ to question:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ qu[=e]'ried.--_adj._ QUES'ITIVE, interrogatory. [L. _quære_, imper. of _quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to inquire.]

QUEST, kwest, _n._ the act of seeking: search: pursuit: a searching party: a jury of inquest: inquiry, investigation: request or desire.--_v.i._ to go in search of, to go begging: to give tongue, as a dog after game.--_ns._ QUEST'ANT, QUEST'ER (_Shak._), one who seeks after anything, a candidate.--_adj._ QUEST'FUL. [O. Fr. _queste_ (Fr. _quête_)--L. _quæsita_ (_res_), a thing sought--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.]

QUESTION, kwest'yun, _n._ a seeking: an inquiry: an examination, esp. by torture: an investigation: dispute: doubt: a subject of discussion, esp. the particular point actually before the house, the measure to be voted upon: (_Shak._) conversation.--_v.t._ to ask questions of: to examine by questions: to inquire of: to regard as doubtful: to challenge, take exception to: to have no confidence in.--_v.i._ to ask questions: to inquire: to debate, consider, to converse.--_adj._ QUEST'IONABLE, that may be questioned: doubtful: uncertain: suspicious.--_n._ QUEST'IONABLENESS.--_adv._ QUEST'IONABLY.--_adj._ QUEST'IONARY, asking questions.--_n._ one who hawks about for sale indulgences or relics.--_ns._ QUEST'IONER; QUEST'IONING, a query, doubt, suspicion.--_adv._ QUEST'IONINGLY.--_n._ QUEST'IONIST, a questioner, a doubter: at Cambridge, a student qualified to be a candidate for a degree.--_adj._ QUEST'IONLESS, unquestioning: beyond question or doubt: certainly.--_n._ QUEST'RIST (_Shak._), a seeker, a pursuer.--_adj._ QUEST'UARY (_obs._), greedy of gain, yielding gain.--QUESTION OF FACT, consideration as to the actual occurrence of an event.--BEG THE QUESTION (see BEG); CALL IN QUESTION, to challenge, to subject to judicial inquiry; IN QUESTION, under consideration, referring to a thing just mentioned; LEADING-QUESTION (see LEAD); OUT OF QUESTION, doubtless; OUT OF THE QUESTION, not to be thought of; POP THE QUESTION (see POP); PREVIOUS QUESTION (see PREVIOUS). [Fr.,--L. _quæstion-em_--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.]

QUESTOR, QUESTORSHIP. See QUÆSTOR.

QUETZAL, kwet'sal, _n._ the resplendent trogon, a native of Central America, the plumage of the male a magnificent golden green.--Also QUES'AL, QUIJ'AL.

QUEUE, k[=u], _n._ a pendent braid of hair at the back of the head, a pigtail: a file of persons waiting in the order of arrival: a tailpiece, as of a violin: (_her._) the tail of a beast.--_v.t._ to tie or fasten in a queue or pigtail. [Fr.,--L. _cauda_, a tail.]

QUEY, kw[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a young cow or heifer, a cow that has not yet had a calf. [Ice. _kvíga_; Dan. _kvie_.]

QUHILK, hwilk, _pron._ an obsolete Scotch form of which.

QUIB, kwib. Same as QUIP.

QUIBBLE, kwib'l, _n._ a turning away from the point in question into matters irrelevant or insignificant: an evasion, a pun: a petty conceit.--_v.i._ to evade a question by a play upon words: to cavil: to trifle in argument: to pun.--_n._ QUIBB'LER.--_adv._ QUIBB'LINGLY. [Freq. of _quip_.]

QUICH, kwich, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to stir, to move.--Also QUINCH, QUITCH. [A.S. _cweccan_, causal of _cwacian_, to quake.]

QUICK, kwik, _adj._ living: lively: speedy: nimble: ready: sensitive: hasty: pregnant: active, piercing.--_adv._ without delay: rapidly: soon.--_n._ a living animal or plant: the living: the living flesh: the sensitive parts: a hedge of some growing plant, quickset.--_adj._ QUICK'-AN'SWERED (_Shak._), quick at giving an answer.--_n._ QUICK'BEAM, the mountain-ash or rowan.--_adj._ QUICK'-CONCEIV'ING, quick at conceiving or understanding.--_v.t._ QUICK'EN, to make quick or alive: to revive: to reinvigorate: to cheer: to excite: to sharpen: to hasten.--_v.i._ to become alive: to move with activity.--_n._ the couch or quitch-grass.--_ns._ QUICK'ENER, one who, or that which, reinvigorates; QUICK'ENING, the period in pregnancy when the mother first becomes conscious of the movement of the child--from the sixteenth or seventeenth week onwards.--_adj._ QUICK'-EYED, having acute sight.--_ns._ QUICK'-GRASS=_Quitch-grass_; QUICK'-HEDGE, a hedge of living plants; QUICK'LIME, recently burnt lime, caustic and unslaked: carbonate of lime without its carbonic acid.--_adv._ QUICK'LY.--_ns._ QUICK'MARCH (same as QUICK'STEP); QUICK'MATCH (see MATCH); QUICK'NESS; QUICK'SAND, a movable sandbank in a sea, lake, &c., any large mass of sand saturated with water, often dangerous to travellers: anything treacherous.--_adj_. QUICK'-SCENT'ED, having a keen scent.--_n._ QUICK'SET, a living plant set to grow for a hedge, particularly the hawthorn.--_adj._ consisting of living plants.--_adj._ QUICK'-SIGHT'ED, having quick or sharp sight: quick in discernment.--_ns._ QUICK'-SIGHT'EDNESS, sharpness of sight or discernment; QUICK'SILVER, the common name for fluid mercury, so called from its great mobility and its silvery colour.--_v.t._ to overlay or to treat with quicksilver.--_adj._ QUICK'SILVERED.--_ns._ QUICK'SILVERING, the mercury on the back of a mirror; QUICK'STEP, a march in quick time: (_mus._) a march written in military quick time.--_adj._ QUICK'-TEM'PERED, irascible.--_n._ QUICK'-WA'TER, a solution of nitrates of mercury and of gold, for water-gilding.--_adj._ QUICK'-WIT'TED, having ready wit.--_ns._ QUICK'-WIT'TEDNESS; QUICK'-WORK, the part of a ship under water when laden: the part of the inner upper-works of a ship above the covering board: the short planks worked inside between the ports: spirketting.--SOME QUICK (_Spens._), something alive. [A.S. _cwic_; Ice. _kvikr_, Goth. _kwius_, living; allied to L. _vivus_.]

QUICUNQUE, kw[=i]-kung'kwe, _n._ the so-called Athanasian Creed, from its first words, _Quicunque vult_='whosoever will.'

QUID, kwid, _n._ what, substance: something.--TERTIUM QUID, something distinct from both mind and matter, itself immediately known, mediating between the mind and the reality. [L., what.]

QUID, kwid, _n._ something chewed or kept in the mouth, esp. a piece of tobacco. [A corr. of _cud_.]

QUID, kwid, _n._ (_slang_) a sovereign.

QUIDAM, kw[=i]'dam, _n._ somebody, one unknown. [L.]

QUIDDANY, kwid'a-ni, _n._ a confection of quince-juice and sugar. [L. _cydonium_. Cf. _Quince_.]

QUIDDIT, kwid'it, _n._ an equivocation: a subtilty or quibble. [A contr. of _quiddity_.]

QUIDDITY, kwid'i-ti, _n._ the essence of anything: any trifling nicety: a cavil: a captious question.--_adjs._ QUIDD'ATIVE, QUIDD'IT[=A]TIVE. [Low L. _quidditas_--L. _quid_, what.]

QUIDDLE, kwid'l, _v.i._ to spend time in trifling.--_n._ one who does so.--_n._ QUIDD'LER, a trifler.--_adj._ QUIDD'LING. [L. _quid_.]

QUIDNUNC, kwid'nungk, _n._ one always on the lookout for news: one who pretends to know all occurrences. [L., 'what now?']

QUID PRO QUO, kwid pr[=o] kw[=o], _n._ something given or taken as equivalent to something else. [L., 'something for something.']

QUIEN SABE, kien sä'be, who knows? a common reply to a question in the south-western United States, meaning 'I do not know.' [Sp. _quien_, who--L. _quis_, who; _sabe_, 3d pers. sing. pres. indic. of _saber_, to know--L. _sap[)e]re_, to have sense.]

QUIESCENT, kw[=i]-es'ent, _adj._ being quiet, resting: not sounded, as a _quiescent_ letter: still: unagitated: silent.--_v.i._ QUIESCE', to become quiet: to become silent in pronunciation, as a letter.--_ns._ QUIES'CENCE, QUIES'CENCY, state of being at rest: rest of mind: silence: torpor.--_adv._ QUIES'CENTLY. [L. _quiescens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _quiesc[)e]re_, to rest.]

QUIET, kw[=i]'et, _adj._ at rest: calm: smooth: peaceable: gentle, inoffensive: silent, still: free from gaudiness, in good taste: free from bustle or formality.--_n._ the state of being at rest: repose: calm: stillness: peace.--_v.t._ to bring to rest: to stop motion: to calm or pacify: to lull: to allay.--_v.i._ to become quiet, to abate.--_n._ QU[=I]'ET[=A]GE (_Spens._), quiet.--_v.t._ QU[=I]'ETEN, to make quiet, calm.--_v.i._ to become quiet.--_n._ QU[=I]'ETER (_Shak._), a person or thing that quiets.--_v.t._ QU[=I]'ETISE, to make quiet.--_ns._ QU[=I]'ETISM, rest of the mind: mental tranquillity: apathy: the doctrine that religious perfection on earth consists in passive and uninterrupted contemplation of the Deity; QU[=I]'ETIST, one who believes in this doctrine (Molinos, Mme. Guyon, &c.).--_adj._ QUIETIST'IC, pertaining to quietism.--_n._ QU[=I]'ETIVE, anything that induces quiet.--_adv._ QU[=I]'ETLY, in a quiet manner: without motion or alarm: calmly: silently: patiently.--_ns._ QU[=I]'ETNESS, QU[=I]'ETUDE, rest: repose: freedom from agitation or alarm: stillness: peace: silence.--_adj._ QU[=I]'ETSOME (_Spens._), calm, still, undisturbed.--_n._ QUI[=E]'TUS, a final settlement or discharge: ending generally: (_slang_) a severe blow.--AT QUIET (_B._), peaceful; IN QUIET, quietly; ON THE QUIET, clandestinely; OUT OF QUIET, disturbed. [L. _quietus_--_quisc[)e]re_, to rest.]

QUIGHT, kw[=i]t, _adv._ a misspelt form of _quite_.

QUI-HI, -HYE, kw[=i]'h[=i]', _n._ in Bengal, the Anglo-Indian call for a servant: (_coll._) an Anglo-Indian in Bengal. [Hind. _ko[=i] hai_, 'who is there?']

QUILL, kwil, _n._ a fold of a plaited or fluted ruff.--_v.t._ to flute: form with rounded ridges.--_adj._ QUILLED, crimped, fluted.--_n._ QUILL'ING, a narrow bordering of plaited lace or ribbon. [Fr. _quille_, a keel.]

QUILL, kwil, _n._ a reed-pen: the feather of a goose or other bird used as a pen, hence a pen generally: the profession of letters: anything like a quill: the hollow basal stem of a feather: one of the large hollow sharp spines (modified hairs) of the hedgehog, porcupine, &c.: the reed on which weavers wind their thread: the instrument for striking the strings of certain instruments: the tube of a musical instrument: the hollow shaft or mandril of the seal-engraver's lathe: a train for igniting a blast: bark in a cylindrical roll.--_v.t._ to plait with small ridges like quills: to wind on a quill: to pluck out quills from.--_ns._ QUILL'-DRIV'ER (_slang_), one who works with a quill or pen, a clerk; QUILL'-DRIV'ING, writing.--_adj._ QUILLED, furnished with quills, or formed into a quill.--_ns._ QUILL'-NIB, a quill-pen shortened for use with a holder; QUILL'-TURN, the machine in which a weaver's quill is turned; QUILL'-WORK, embroidery with porcupine quills, done by the North American Indians; QUILL'-WORT, any plant of the genus Isoëtes, esp. _Isoëtes lacustris_.--IN THE QUILL (_Shak._), perhaps=penned, though others interpret 'in form and order like a quilled ruff.' [Explained by Skeat as orig. a stalk, hence anything pointed, O. Fr. _quille_, a peg--Old High Ger. _kegil_ or _chegil_ (Ger. _kegel_), a cone-shaped object, ninepin.]

QUILLET, kwil'et, _n._ a trick in argument: a petty quibble. [L. _quidlibet_, 'what you will.']

QUILLET, kwil'et, _n._ (_prov._) a furrow: a small croft.

QUILLON, k[=e]-lyong', _n._ one of the branches of the cross-guard of a sword.

QUILT, kwilt, _n._ a bed-cover of two cloths sewed together with something soft between them: a thick coverlet.--_v.t._ to make into a quilt: to stitch together with something soft between, to stitch in: to sew like a quilt.--_adj._ QUILT'ED, stitched together as a quilt: (_Spens._) padded.--_ns._ QUILT'ER, a person or machine for making quilting; QUILT'ING, the act of making a quilt: that which is quilted: a cotton or linen cloth, like diaper, with raised pattern, for vests, &c.: a kind of coating formed of sinnet, strands of rope, &c., outside any vessel containing water: a thrashing with a rope's end; QUILT'ING-BEE, in New England, a gathering of women to help one in quilting a counterpane, followed by a supper to which men are admitted; QUILT'ING-COTT'ON, cotton-wadding; QUILT'ING-FRAME, an adjustable frame for holding a fabric for quilting. [O. Fr. _cuilte_ (Fr. _couette_)--L. _culcita_, a cushion.]

QUIN, kwin, _n._ (_prov._) a kind of scallop.

QUINARIAN, kw[=i]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ classified in sets of five: (_zool._) relating to the circular or so-called natural system of classification, propounded in 1819 and much elaborated by Swainson in 1835--also QU[=I]'NARY.--_n._ one who supports this theory. [L. _quinarius_--_quini_, five each--_quinque_, five.]

QUINATE, kw[=i]'n[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having five leaflets on a petiole. [L. _quini_, five each.]

QUINCE, kwins, _n._ the golden, globose or pear-shaped, fragrant fruit of a large shrub or small tree (_Pyrus Cydonia_) of the rose family, too austere to be eaten raw, but excellent for jellies, marmalade, and flavouring other fruits. [Pl. of _quine_--O. Fr. _coin_ (Fr. _coing_)--L. _cydonium_--Gr. _Cyd[=o]nia_, in Crete.]

QUINCENTENARY, kwin-sen'te-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ relating to five hundred, especially five hundred years.--_n._ a five hundredth anniversary.

QUINCH, kwinsh, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as QUITCH, _v.t._

QUINCUNX, kwin'kungks, _n._ an arrangement of five things, so as to occupy each corner and the centre of a square, esp. of trees or plants.--_adj._ QUINCUN'CIAL.--_adv._ QUINCUN'CIALLY. [L. _quinque_, five, _uncia_, a twelfth part, an ounce.]

QUINDECEMVIR, kwin-d[=e]-sem'vir, _n._ one of a college of fifteen men in ancient Rome who had the charge of the Sibylline books:--_pl._ QUINDECEM'VIRI.--_ns._ QUINDEC'AGON, a plane figure with fifteen sides and angles; QUINDECEM'VIRATE, the body of the quindecemviri or their office; QUINDEC'IMA (_mus._), the interval of a fifteenth, or double-octave. [L.,--_quindecim_, fifteen (_quinque_, five, _decem_, ten), _vir_, a man.]

QUINIBLE, kwin'i-bl, _n._ (_mus._) an interval of a fifth: a descant sung at the fifth. [L. _quinque_, five.]

QUININE, kwin'[=e]n, ki-n[=e]n', or kw[=i]'n[=i]n, _n._ a colourless, inodorous, and very bitter alkaloid, obtained from the bark of the Cinchona tree, its salts used for agues and fevers.--_ns._ QU[=I]'NA, the bark of various species of Cinchona; QUINAM'INE, a natural white crystalline alkaloid obtained from various Cinchona barks; QUINAQU[=I]'NA, the bark of various species of Cinchona.--_adj._ QUIN'IC, pertaining to, or derived from, quinine.--_ns._ QUIN'IDINE, a white crystalline compound, isomeric with quinine, found in some Cinchona barks; QUINOL'OGY, the knowledge of quinine and other Cinchona alkaloids. [Fr.,--Sp. and Port. _quinina_--Peruv. _quina_, _kina_, bark.]

QUINISEXT, kwin'i-sekst, _adj._ pertaining to five and six, or to the fifth and sixth.

QUINNAT, kwin'at, _n._ the king-salmon.

QUINOA, k[=e]'no-a, _n._ a Chilian and Mexican food-plant, resembling some British species of chenopodium, cultivated for its farinaceous seeds. [Peruv.]

QUINOLINE, kwin'[=o]-lin, _n._ a pungent, colourless liquid obtained by the distillation of bones, coal-tar, and various alkaloids--the base of many organic bodies, isomeric with Leucol.--Also CHIN'OLINE. [Peruv. _quina_, _kina_, bark.]

QUINONE, kwin'[=o]n, _n._ or _Benzoquinone_, a golden-yellow crystalline compound usually prepared by oxidising aniline with potassium bichromate and sulphuric acid: a general name applied to all benzene derivatives in which two oxygen atoms replace two hydrogen atoms.--Also KINONE (k[=e]'n[=o]n), as _Kinic_--_Quinic_.

QUINQUAGESIMA, kwin-kwa-jes'i-ma, _n._ a period of fifty days.--_n._ QUINQUAGEN[=A]'RIAN, one who is between fifty and sixty years old.--QUINQUAGESIMA SUNDAY, the Sunday before Ash Wednesday, being the fiftieth day before Easter. [L. _quinquaginta_, fifty--_quinque_, five.]

QUINQUANGULAR, kwin-kwang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five angles.--_adjs._ QUINQUARTIC'ULAR, of five articles; QUINQUECAP'SULAR, having five capsules; QUINQUECOS'T[=A]TE, -D having five ribs; QUINQUEDEN'TATE, -D (_bot._), five-toothed; QUINQUEF[=A]'RIOUS, disposed in five sets or rows; QUIN'QUEFID, cleft into five segments; QUINQUEF[=O]'LIATE, -D (_bot._), having five leaves or leaflets; QUINQUELIT'ERAL, consisting of five letters; QUINQUEL[=O]'BATE, having five lobes; QUINQUELOC'ULAR, having five loculi; QUINQUEPÄR'TITE, five-parted; QUINQUESEP'TATE, having five septa; QUINQUES[=E]'RIAL, arranged in five series; QUINQUESYLLAB'IC, having five syllables; QUINQUEV'ALENT, having an equivalence of five; QUIN'QUEVALVE, QUINQUEVAL'VULAR, having five valves.

QUINQUENNIAD, kwin-kwen'i-ad, _n._ a period of five years--also QUINQUENN'IUM.--_adj._ QUINQUENN'IAL, occurring once in five years: lasting five years.--_n._ a fifth anniversary or its celebration.

QUINQUEREME, kwin'kwe-r[=e]m, _n._ an ancient galley having five banks of oars. [L.,--_quinque_, five, _remus_, an oar.]

QUINQUINA, kin-k[=i]'nä, _n._ quinaquina. [_Quinine_.]

QUINQUINO, kin'ki-n[=o], _n._ the tree (_Myroxylon Pereiræ_) which yields the balsam of Peru.

QUINSY, kwin'zi, _n._ an inflammatory affection of the substance of the tonsils, attended when fully developed by suppuration.--_ns._ QUIN'SY-BERR'Y, the common black-currant; QUIN'SY-WORT, a small trailing British herb of the madder family. [O. Fr. _squinancie_ (Fr. _esquinancie_)--Gr. _kynanch[=e]_--_ky[=o]n_, a dog, _anchein_, to throttle.]

QUINT, kwint, _n._ a set or a sequence of five: (_mus._) a fifth: the E string of a violin.--_adj._ QUINT'AN, recurring on every fifth day.--_n._ a malarial fever whose paroxysms recur on every fifth day. [Fr.,--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.]

QUINTA, kwin'tä, _n._ a country house in Madeira. [Sp.]

QUINTAD, kwin'tad, _n._ the same as _Pentad_.

QUINTADENA, kwin-ta-d[=e]'na, _n._ in organ-building, a mutation stop yielding a tone one-twelfth above the digital struck.

QUINTAIN, kwin't[=a]n, _n._ a post with a turning and loaded top or cross-piece, to be tilted at.--Also QUIN'TIN. [Fr.,--L. _quintana_, _quintus_, fifth, the place of recreation in the Roman camp being between the fifth and sixth maniples.]

QUINTAL, kwin'tal, _n._ a hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds according to the scale.--The QUINTAL MÉTRIQUE, the modern French quintal, is 100 kilograms=220 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr. and Sp. _quintal_--Ar. _qint[)a]r_--L. _centum_, a hundred.]

QUINTESSENCE, kwin-tes'ens, _n._ the pure concentrated essence of anything, the most essential part of anything: the fifth essence, according to the Pythagoreans, beyond earth, water, fire, air.--_adj._ QUINTESSEN'TIAL.--_v.t._ QUINTESSEN'TIALISE. [Fr.,--L. _quinta essentia_, fifth essence, orig. applied to ether, supposed to be purer than fire, the highest of the four ancient elements.]

QUINTET, QUINTETTE, kwin-tet', _n._ a musical composition for five voices or instruments: a company of five singers or players. [It. _quintetto_, dim. of _quinto_, a fifth part--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.]

QUINTIC, kwin'tik, _adj._ of the fifth degree.

QUINTILE, kwin'til, _n._ the aspect of planets distant from each other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72°.

QUINTILLION, kwin-til'yun, _n._ the fifth power of a million, or a unit followed by thirty ciphers: generally, in U.S., the sixth power of one thousand, or a unit followed by eighteen ciphers.

QUINTOLE, kwin't[=o]l, _n._ a five-stringed viol common in France in the 18th century: a group of five notes to be played in the time of three, four, or six. [It. _quinto_--L. _quintus_, fifth.]

QUINTROON, kwin-tr[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a white by one who has one-sixteenth part of negro blood. [Sp. _quinteron_--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.]

QUINTUPLE, kwin't[=u]-pl, _adj._ fivefold: (_mus._) having five crotchets in a bar.--_v.t._ to make or to increase fivefold.--_ns._ QUIN'T[=U]PLET, a set of five things: (_pl._) five young at a birth: (_mus._) same as QUINTOLE; QUINT[=U]'PLIC[=A]TE, consisting of five: one of five exactly corresponding things.--_v.t._ to make or to increase a set of fivefold.--_n._ QUINTUPLIC[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _quintuplex_--_quintus_, fifth, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

QUINZAINE, kwin'z[=a]n, _n._ the fifteenth day onward from a feast day, counting itself: a stanza of fifteen lines. [Fr. _quinze_, fifteen--L. _quindecim_--_quinque_, five, _decem_, ten.]

QUINZE, kwinz, _n._ a card-game, like vingt-et-un, the object being to count as nearly to fifteen as possible without going above it.

QUIP, kwip, _n._ a sharp, sarcastic turn, a gibe: a quick retort.--_v.i._ to use sarcasms.--_v.t._ to sneer at.--_adj._ QUIP'PISH. [W. _chwip_, a quick turn, _chwipio_, to move briskly.]

QUIPU, k[=e]'p[=oo], or kwip'[=oo], _n._ the mnemonic language of coloured and knotted cords used by the Incas of ancient Peru--depending on order, colour, and kind.--Also QUIP'O. [Peruv., 'a knot.']

QUIRE, kw[=i]r, _n._ a collection of paper consisting of twenty-four sheets, the twentieth part of a ream, each having a single fold.--_v.t._ to fold in quires. [O. Fr. _quaier_ (Fr. _cahier_), prob. from Low L. _quaternum_, a set of four sheets,--L. _quatuor_, four.]

QUIRE, kw[=i]r, _n._ old form of _choir_.--_n._ QU[=I]'RISTER, a chorister.

QUIRINUS, kwi-r[=i]'nus, _n._ an Italic divinity identified with the deified Romulus.--_n._ QUIRIN[=A]'LIA, a festival in ancient Rome in honour of _Quirinus_, on Feb. 17.

QUIRITES, kwi-r[=i]'tez, _n.pl._ the citizens of ancient Rome in their civil capacity.

QUIRK, kw[.e]rk, _n._ a quick turn: an artful evasion: a quibble: a taunt or retort: a slight conceit: inclination, turn: fantastic phrase: (_archit._) an acute angle or recess.--_v.i._ to turn sharply.--_v.t._ to twist or turn: to furnish with a quirk or channel.--_adjs._ QUIRK'ISH, consisting of quirks; QUIRK'Y, abounding in quirks. [Skeat explains as prob. for obs. Eng. _quirt_, to turn; from W. _chwired_, a piece of craft, from _chwiori_, to turn briskly; cf. Gael. _cuireid_, a turn.]

QUIRT, kw[.e]rt, _n._ a riding-whip much used in the western states of North America.--_v.t._ to flog with a quirt. [Perh. Sp. _cuerda_, a rope.]

QUISCALUS, kwis'ka-lus, _n._ a genus of birds, the American grackles or crow-blackbirds.

QUIT, kwit, _v.t._ to pay, requite: to release from obligation, accusation, &c.: to acquit: to depart from: to give up: to clear by full performance: (_Spens._) to remove by force: (_coll._) to give over, cease:--_pr.p._ quit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quit'ted.--_adj._ (_B._) set free: acquitted: released from obligation.--_n._ QUIT'-CLAIM, a deed of release.--_v.t._ to relinquish claim or title to.--_n._ QUIT'-RENT, a rent by which the tenants are discharged from all other services--in old records called _white rent_, as being paid in silver money.--_adj._ QUIT'TABLE, capable of being quitted.--_ns._ QUIT'TAL (_Shak._), requital, repayment; QUIT'TANCE, a quitting or discharge from a debt or obligation: acquittance: recompense.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to repay.--QUIT COST, to pay expenses; QUIT ONE'S SELF (_B._), to behave; QUIT SCORES, to balance accounts.--BE QUITS, to be even with one; CRY QUITTANCE, to get even; DOUBLE OR QUITS, in gambling, said when a stake due is either to become double or be reduced to nothing, according to the issue of a certain chance; NOTICE TO QUIT (_law_), notice to a tenant of real property that he must surrender possession. [O. Fr. _quiter_ (Fr. _quitter_)--Low L. _quiet[=a]re_, to pay--L. _quiet[=a]re_, to make quiet--_quietus_, quiet.]

QUI TAM, kw[=i] tam, an action on a penal statute, brought partly at the suit of the state and partly at that of an informer--from the first words. [L. _qui_, who, _tam_, as well.]

QUITCH, kwich, _n._ couch-grass.--Also QUITCH'-GRASS, QUICK'ENS. [Assibilated form of _quick_.]

QUITCH, kwich, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to move. [A.S. _cweccan_, causative of _cwacian_, to quake.]

QUITE, kw[=i]t (_Spens._). Same as QUIT.

QUITE, kw[=i]t, _adv._ completely: wholly: entirely.--QUITE A LITTLE, a good few: considerable; QUITE SO, a phrase denoting assent in conversation. [Merely an adv. use of the adj. _quit_.]

QUITTER, kwit'[.e]r, _n._ a fistulous sore on the quarters or the heel of the coronet of a horse's hoof.--_v.i._ to suppurate.

QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) nimble, active.

QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _n._ a case for arrows.--_adj._ QUIV'ERED, furnished with a quiver: sheathed, as in a quiver. [O. Fr. _cuivre_; from Old High Ger. _kohhar_ (Ger. _köcher_); cog. with A.S. _cocer_.]

QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake with slight and tremulous motion: to tremble: to shiver.--_ns._ QUIV'ER, QUIV'ERING, a tremulous motion, shiver.--_adv._ QUIV'ERINGLY, with quivering.--_adj._ QUIV'ERISH, tremulous. [A.S. _cwifer_, seen in adv. _cwiferlíce_, eagerly. Cf. _Quick_ and _Quaver_.]

QUI VIVE, k[=e] v[=e]v, Who goes there?--the challenge of French sentries to those who approach their posts.--BE ON THE QUI VIVE, to be on the alert. [Fr.,--_qui_, who, _vive_, 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of _vivre_, to live--L. _viv[)e]re_.]

QUIXOTIC, kwiks-ot'ik, _adj._ like Don _Quixote_, the knight-errant in the great romance of Cervantes (1547-1616), extravagantly romantic, aiming at an impossible ideal.--_adv._ QUIXOT'ICALLY.--_ns._ QUIX'OTISM, QUIX'OTRY, absurdly romantic, impracticable, and magnanimous notions, schemes, or actions like those of Don Quixote.

QUIZ, kwiz, _n._ a riddle or enigma: one who quizzes another: an odd fellow: a monocular eye-glass, often with a handle: (_coll._) an oral examination of a pupil or class by a teacher.--_v.t._ to puzzle: to banter or make sport of: to examine narrowly and with an air of mockery.--_v.i._ to practise derisive joking:--_pr.p._ quiz'zing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quizzed.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZER; QUIZ'ZERY.--_adj._ QUIZ'ZICAL.--_ns._ QUIZZICAL'ITY; QUIZZIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ QUIZ'ZIFY, to turn into a quiz.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZINESS, oddness; QUIZ'ZING, raillery; QUIZ'ZING-GLASS, a single eye-glass. [Origin obscure; doubtless framed from _question_, or direct from L. _quæso_, I ask.]

QUOAD, kw[=o]'ad, _prep._ as far as, to this extent.--QUOAD HOC, as far as this; QUOAD OMNIA, in respect of all things; QUOAD SACRA, as far as concerns sacred matters, as a parish disjoined for ecclesiastical purposes only. [L.]

QUOD, kwod, _n._ (_slang_) prison.

QUODLIBET, kwod'li-bet, _n._ a scholastic argument upon a subject chosen at will, almost invariably theological: a humorous fanciful combination of two or more familiar melodies.--_n._ QUODLIBET[=A]'RIAN, one given to quodlibets.--_adjs._ QUODLIBET'IC, -AL. [L., 'what you please'--_quod_, what, _libet_, it pleases.]

QUODLIN, kwod'lin, _n._ (_Bacon_). Same as CODLIN.

QUOIF, koif, _n._ a cap or hood.--_v.t._ to cover or dress with a coif.

QUOIN, koin, _n._ (_archit._) a wedge used to support and steady a stone: an external angle, esp. of a building: (_gun._) a wedge of wood or iron put under the breech of heavy guns or the muzzle of siege-mortars to raise them to the proper level: (_print._) a wedge used to fasten the types in the forms.--_v.t._ to wedge or steady with quoins. [_Coin._]

QUOIT, koit, _n._ a heavy flat ring of iron for throwing as near as possible to one _hob_ or pin from the other--18 to 21 yards apart--the points in the game counted as in bowls or curling: (_pl._) the game played with such rings.--_v.i._ to throw quoits: to throw as with a quoit. [Perh. from O. Fr. _coiter_, to drive, which may be from L. _coact[=a]re_--_cog[)e]re_, to force.]

QUONDAM, kwon'dam, _adj._ that was formerly: former. [L., formerly.]

QUONIAM, kw[=o]'ni-am, _n._ the part of the 'Gloria in Excelsis' beginning 'For Thou only art holy:' the musical setting thereof: (_obs._) a kind of drinking-cup. [L., 'since now.']

QUOOK, kwook (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _quake_.

QUOP, kwop, _v.i._ to move: to throb, as the heart.--Also QUAB, QUAP.

QUORUM, kw[=o]'rum, _n._ a number of the members of any body sufficient to transact business. [The first word of a commission formerly issued to certain justices, _of whom_ (L. _quorum_) a certain number had always to be present when the commission met.]

QUOTA, kw[=o]'ta, _n._ the part or share assigned to each.--_n._ QUOT'ITY (_Carlyle_), the number of individuals in a collection. [It.,--L. _quotus_, of what number?--_quot_, how many?]

QUOTE, kw[=o]t, _v.t._ to repeat the words of any one: to adduce for authority or illustration: to give the current price of: to enclose within quotation marks: (_Shak._) to set down in writing.--_v.i._ to make a quotation.--_adj._ QU[=O]'TABLE, that may be quoted.--_ns._ QU[=O]'TABLENESS, QU[=O]TABIL'ITY.--_adv._ QU[=O]'TABLY.--_ns._ QU[=O]T[=A]'TION, act of quoting: that which is quoted: the current price of anything; QU[=O]T[=A]'TION-MARK, one of the marks used to note the beginning and the end of a quotation--generally consisting of two inverted commas at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the end of a quotation; but a single comma and a single apostrophe are frequently used; QU[=O]'TER. [O. Fr. _quoter_, to number--Low L. _quot[=a]re_, to divide into chapters and verses--L. _quotus_, of what number?--_quot_, how many?]

QUOTH, kw[=o]th, _v.t._ say, says, or said--used only in the 1st and 3d persons present and past, and always followed by its subject.--_interj._ QU[=O]'THÄ, forsooth, indeed. [A.S. _cwethan_, pa.t. _cwæth_, to say. For _quoth'a_, said he--_'a_ being a corr. of _he_.]

QUOTIDIAN, kw[=o]-tid'i-an, _adj._ every day: occurring daily.--_n._ anything returning daily: (_med._) a kind of ague that returns daily. [Fr.,--L. _quotidianus_--_quot_, as many as, _dies_, a day.]

QUOTIENT, kw[=o]'shent, _n._ (_math._) the number which shows how often one number is contained in another.--_n._ QU[=O]T[=I]'ETY, the proportionate frequency of an event. [Fr.,--L. _quotiens_, _quoties_, how often?--_quot_, how many?]

QUOTUM, kw[=o]'tum, _n._ quota: share: part or proportion. [L., neut. of _quotus_; cf. _Quota_.]

QUO WARRANTO, kw[=o] wo-ran'to, _n._ (_law_) the title of a writ by which a person or corporate body is summoned to show by what warrant a particular franchise or office is claimed. [So called from these words in the writ. L. _quo_, by what (abl. sing. neut. of _quis_, who, which, what), _warranto_, abl. of Low L. _warrantum_, warrant.]

* * * * *

R the eighteenth letter in our alphabet, belonging to the class of liquids--the 'dog's letter' (_littera canina_), from the trilling or vibration of the tip of the tongue: as a medieval numeral=80; [=R]=80,000.--THE THREE R'S, a humorous term for reading, writing, and arithmetic.

RA, rä, _n._ the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of ancient Egyptian mythology.

RABANNA, ra-ban'a, _n._ matting made from the fibre of the raffia, in Madagascar. [Malagasy.]

RABAT, ra-bä', _n._ a neck-band with flaps worn by French ecclesiastics: a turned-down collar or ruff--(_obs._) RAB'ATINE, RAB[=A]'TO. [Fr.]

RABATE, ra-b[=a]t', _v.t._ to beat down.--_n._ abatement. [Fr. _rabattre_, to beat down--_re-_, again, _abattre_--L. _ad_, to, _batu[)e]re_, to beat.]

RABBET, rab'et, _n._ a groove cut in the edge of a plank so that another may fit into it.--_v.t._ to groove a plank thus.--_ns._ RABB'ETING-MACHINE', -PLANE, -SAW, for ploughing and cutting grooves; RABB'ET-JOINT, a joint formed by fitting together timber with rabbets. [O. Fr. _raboter_, to plane--_rabouter_--_re-_, again, _aboter_, _abouter_, to thrust against.]

RABBI, rab'i, or rab'[=i], RABBIN, rab'in, _n._ Jewish title of a doctor or expounder of the law:--_pl._ RABBIS (rab'[=i]z), RABB'INS.--_ns._ RABB'AN ('our master'), a title of greater honour than rabbi; RABB'INATE, the dignity of a rabbi.--_adjs._ RABBIN'IC, -AL, pertaining to the rabbis or to their opinions, learning, and language.--_n._ RABBIN'IC, the later Hebrew.--_adv._ RABBIN'ICALLY.--_ns._ RABB'INISM, the doctrine or teaching of the rabbis: a rabbinical peculiarity of expression: the late Jewish belief which esteemed the oral law equally with the written law of God; RABB'INIST, RABB'INITE, one who adheres to the Talmud and traditions of the rabbis; RABB[=O]'NI, my great master. [Gr.,--Heb. _rabbí_--_rab_, great, master--_r[=a]bab_, to be great. Cf. Ar. _rabb_, master, the Lord.]

RABBIT, rab'it, _n._ a small rodent burrowing animal of the hare family: a cony: any member of the hare family.--_v.i._ to hunt rabbits.--_ns._ RABB'IT-BRUSH, a North American composite plant; RABB'IT-EAR, a long slender oyster; RABB'ITER, one who hunts rabbits; RABB'IT-FISH, the 'king of the herrings;' RABB'IT-HUTCH, a box for the rearing of rabbits; RABB'IT-MOTH, a moth in United States of a furry appearance; RABB'IT-MOUTH, harelip; RABB'IT-ROOT, the wild sarsaparilla; RABB'ITRY, a rabbit-warren; RABB'IT-SQUIRR'EL, a chincha, a South American rodent; RABB'IT-SUCK'ER (_Shak._), a sucking rabbit; RABB'IT-WARR'EN, a place where rabbits are kept and bred.--SNOW-SHOE RABBIT, an American hare found in the Rocky Mountains which turns white in winter; WELSH RABBIT, melted cheese with a little ale poured over a slice of hot toast--sometimes written 'Welsh rarebit' by wiseacres. [M. E. _rabet_, dim. of a form seen in Old Dut. _robbe_.]

RABBIT, rab'it, _v.t._ an interjectional expression, like _confound_. [Perh. a corr. of _rabate_.]

RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ a disorderly, noisy crowd: a mob: the lowest class of people.--_adj._ disorderly.--_v.i._ to utter nonsense.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to mob.--_ns._ RABB'LEMENT, a tumultuous crowd of low people; RABB'LING (_Scot._), the act of assaulting in a disorderly manner, mobbing. [Allied to Old Dut. _rabbelen_, to gabble, Prov. Ger. _rabbeln_.]

RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ an iron bar used in puddling.--_v.t._ to stir with a rabble.--_n._ RABB'LER. [O. Fr. _roable_ (Fr. _râble_)--L. _rutabulum_, a poker.]

RABDOMANCY. Same as RHABDOMANCY.

RABELAISIAN, rab-e-l[=a]'zi-an, _n._ characteristic of _Rabelais_ (1490-1553), broadly humorous, coarse.

RABI, rab'i, _n._ the great grain crop of Hindustan.

RABID, rab'id, _adj._ furious: mad: affected with _rabies_, as a dog: foolishly intense.--_adj._ RAB'IC, pertaining to rabies.--_adv._ RAB'IDLY.--_ns._ RAB'IDNESS; R[=A]'BIES, the disease (esp. of dogs) from which hydrophobia is communicated: canine madness.--_adjs._ R[=A]BIET'IC, resembling madness; R[=A]BIF'IC, communicating hydrophobia; R[=A]'BIOUS, raging. [L. _rabidus_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.]

RABOT, rab'ot, _n._ a rubber used in polishing marble.

RACA, r[=a]'ka, _adj._ worthless--a term of contempt used by the Jews of Christ's day; cf. Matt. v. 22. [Chaldee _r[=e]k[=a]_, worthless; perh. conn. with _raq_, to spit (Ar. _r[=i]q_), or with _r[=i]q[=a]_, empty.]

RACCAHOUT, rak'a-h[=oo]t, _n._ an Eastern dish made from the edible acorns of the oak. [Fr.,--Ar. _r[=a]quat_, _r[=a]qaout_, a nourishing starch.]

RACCOON, RACOON, ra-k[=oo]n', _n._ a genus of the bear family of North America, valuable for its fur.--_ns._ RACCOON'-BERR'Y, the May apple of the United States; RACCOON'-OYS'TER, an oyster growing on the shores of the sea in United States. [Amer. Ind.]

RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ the human family: the descendants of a common ancestor: a breed or variety: a tribal or national stock: a line of persons, as of statesmen, or of animals, as the feline race: a herd: peculiar flavour, as of wine, by which its origin may be recognised: (_Shak._) intrinsic character, vigour. [Fr.,--Old High Ger. _reiza_, a line.]

RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ rapid motion: trial of speed: progress: course of action: a strong and rapid current: a canal to a water-wheel: a competitive trial of speed in running, walking, &c.: a horse-race, as the Ascot races.--_v.i._ to run swiftly: to contend in running.--_v.t._ to cause to race, as steamers, horses, &c.--_ns._ RACE'-CARD, a card containing information about races; RACE'-COURSE, -GROUND, -TRACK, the course over which races are run; RACE'-CUP, a piece of plate forming a prize at a race; RACE'HORSE, a horse bred for racing; RACE'-MEET'ING, a meeting for purposes of horse-racing; R[=A]'CER, one who races: a racehorse; RACE'-WAY, a mill-race; R[=A]'CING, the running of races; R[=A]'CING-BIT, a light jointed ring-bit; CONSOL[=A]'TION-RACE (see CONSOLATION); FLAT'-RACE, a horse-race over _level_ or clear ground--opp. to a _Hurdle-race_ or _Steeplechase_, which are called generally _Obstacle-races_.--RACING CALENDAR, a full list of races to be run. [A.S. _r['æ]s_, stream; Ice. _rás_, rapid course.]

RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a root.--_n._ RACE'-GIN'GER, unpulverised ginger. [O. Fr. _rais_--L. _radix_, a root.]

RACE, r[=a]s, _v.t._ (_obs._)=_Raze_.--_adj._ RACED.

RACEME, ra-s[=e]m', _n._ a cluster: a flower-cluster, as in the currant.--_adjs._ RACEMED', having racemes; RACEM'IC, pertaining to, or obtained from, grapes: an acid obtained from a certain kind of grape; RACEMIF'EROUS, bearing racemes; RAC'EM[=O]SE, RAC'EMOUS, growing in, or resembling, a raceme.--_n._ RAC'EM[=U]LE, a small raceme.--_adj._ RACEM'UL[=O]SE, bearing small racemes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_.]

RACH, RATCH, rach, _n._ a dog that hunts by scent. [A.S. _ræcc_, a dog; Ice. _rakki_.]

RACHIANECTES, ra-ki-an-ek'tez, _n._ the gray whale of the North Pacific. [Gr. _rhachia_, a rocky shore, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.]

RACHIS, r[=a]'kis, _n._ the spine: (_bot._) a branch or axis of inflorescence which proceeds in nearly a straight line from the base to the apex:--_pl._ R[=A]'CHID[=E]S.--_n._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIA, pain in the spine.--_adjs._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIC; R[=A]CHID'IAL, R[=A]CHID'IAN.--_n._ R[=A]CHIL'LA, a secondary rachis in a compound inflorescence.--_adj._ R[=A]CHIT'IC, rickety.--_ns._ R[=A]CH[=I]'TIS, rickets in children (see RICKETS): (_bot._) a disease which produces abortion in the fruit; R[=A]CH'ITOME, an anatomical instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Gr. _rachis_, the spine.]

RACIAL, r[=a]'si-al, _adj._ relating to lineage, peculiar to a race.--_adv._ R[=A]'CIALLY.

RACK, rak, _n._ an instrument for racking or extending: an engine for stretching the body in order to extort a confession, hence (_fig._) extreme pain, anxiety, or doubt: a framework on which articles are arranged, as _hat-rack_, _plate-rack_, _letter-rack_, &c.: the grating above a manger for hay: (_mech._) a straight bar with teeth to work into those of a wheel, pinion, or endless screw, for converting a circular into a rectilinear motion, or _vice versâ_: (_Scot._) the course in curling.--_v.t._ to stretch forcibly: to strain: to stretch on the rack or wheel: to torture: to exhaust: to worry, agitate: to wrest, overstrain: to practise rapacity: to extort: to place in a rack or frame: (_naut._) to seize together with cross-turns, as two ropes.--_n._ RACK'ER, one who tortures.--_adj._ RACK'ING, tormenting.--_ns._ RACK'-RAIL, a railway having cogs which work into similar cogs on a locomotive; RACK'-RENT, an annual rent stretched to the utmost value of the thing rented, exorbitant rent.--_v.t._ to subject to such rents.--_ns._ RACK'-RENT'ER, one who exacts or pays rack-rent; RACK'-STICK, a stick for stretching a rope; RACK'-TAIL, a bent arm in a repeating clock connected with the striking mechanism; RACK'WORK, a strong bar with cogs to correspond with similar cogs on a wheel, which either moves or is moved by the bar.--LIVE AT RACK AND MANGER, to live sumptuously and wastefully; ON THE RACK, stretched upon it: tortured by anxiety; PUT TO THE RACK, to put to the torture of the rack: to subject to keen suffering. [The radical sense is to stretch, closely allied to _reach_ (q.v.); cf. Ice. _rakkr_, straight, Ger. _rack_, a rail, _recken_, to stretch.]

RACK, rak, _n._ same as WRACK=_Wreck_--now used only in the phrases GO TO RACK, GO TO RACK AND RUIN. [Cf. the next word.]

RACK, rak, _n._ thin or broken clouds drifting across the sky.--_v.i._ to drift, to drive. [_Wrack_; cf. Ice. _rek_.]

RACK, rak, _v.t._ to strain or draw off from the lees, as wine.--_ns._ RACK'ING-CAN, a vessel from which wine can be drawn without disturbing the lees; RACK'ING-COCK, -FAU'CET, a cock used in drawing off liquour from a cask; RACK'ING-PUMP, a pump for the transfer of liquor to casks. [O. Fr. _raquer_, _vin raqué_; prob. cog. with Sp. _rascar_, to scrape.]

RACK, rak, _n._ (_prov._) the neck and spine of a fore-quarter of veal or mutton: the neck of mutton or pork.

RACK, rak, _n._ the gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop.--_n._ RACK'ER, a horse that moves in this gait. [Perh. _rack_, to drift, or _rock_.]

RACK, rak, _n._ same as ARRACK.--RACK PUNCH, a punch made with arrack.

RACK, rak, _n._ a young rabbit. [Orig. unknown.]

RACKABONES, rak'a-b[=o]nz, _n._ (_Amer._) a very lean person or animal.

RACKAROCK, rak'a-rok, _n._ an explosive of potassium chlorate and nitro-benzol.--Also REND'ROCK.

RACKET, RACQUET, rak'et, _n._ a bat for playing tennis: a snow-shoe: an organ-stop: a 17th-cent. musical instrument: (_pl._) a modern variety of the old game of tennis.--_v.t._ to strike, as with a racket.--_ns._ RACK'ET-, RACQ'UET-COURT, -GROUND, a court for playing rackets: a tennis-court; RACK'ET-TAIL, a humming-bird with two feathers like rackets.--_adj._ RACK'ET-TAILED. [O. Fr. _rachete_ (Fr. _raquette_)--Sp. _raqueta_--Ar. _r[=a]hat_, the palm of the hand.]

RACKET, rak'et, _n._ a clattering noise: hurly-burly.--_v.i._ to make a clattering noise: to engage in racket of any kind: to be dissipated.--_n._ RACK'ETER.--_adj._ RACK'ETY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ RACK'LE (_prov._), to rattle.--_n._ noisy talk. [Gael. _racaid_--_rac_, to cackle.]

RACONTEUR, ra-kong-t[.e]r', _n._ a story-teller. [Fr.]

RACOON. See RACCOON.

RACOVIAN, ra-k[=o]'vi-an, _n._ a 17th-cent. Polish Socinian--their seminary being at _Rakow_.

RACY, r[=a]'si, _adj._ having a strong flavour imparted by the soil, as wine: exciting to the mind by strongly characteristic thought or language: spirited: pungent, as a _racy_ story: peculiar to the race.--_adv._ R[=A]'CILY.--_n._ R[=A]'CINESS. [_Race_, a family.]

RAD, rad (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _read_ and _ride_.

RAD, rad, _adj._ (_Scot._) afraid.

RAD, rad, _n._ short for _radical_.

RADDLE, rad'l, _v.t._ to interweave: to beat.--_n._ a hedge formed by interweaving the branches of trees: a hurdle: split wood like laths: a wooden bar used in domestic weaving. [Perh. a transposed form of _hurdle_; or perh. formed from _wreathe_, or _writhe_, and confused with _hurdle_.]

RADDLE, rad'l, _n._ a layer of red pigment--also REDD'LE.--_v.t._ to colour coarsely, as with raddle: to do work in a slovenly way. [_Ruddle._]

RADE, r[=a]d, old form of _rode_.

RADIAL, r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ shooting out like a ray or radius: pertaining to the radius of the forearm: (_bot._) developing uniformly on all sides.--_ns._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LE, the radiocarpal bone:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LIA; R[=A]DI[=A]'LIS, a radial muscle, artery, or nerve:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LES; R[=A]DIALIS[=A]'TION, arrangement in radiating forms.--_v.t._ R[=A]'DIALISE, to make ray-like: to cause to radiate.--_n._ R[=A]DIAL'ITY, radial symmetry.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIALLY, in the manner of a radius or of rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DIOCAR'PAL, pertaining to the wrist or carpus; R[=A]'DIOMUS'CULAR, pertaining to the radius and to muscles; R[=A]'DIO-UL'NAR, pertaining to the radius and the ulna.--RADIAL ARTERY, the smaller of the branches of the branchial artery at the elbow.

RADIAN, r[=a]'di-an, _n._ the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal to the radius.

RADIANT, r[=a]'di-ant, _adj._ emitting rays of light or heat: issuing in rays: beaming with light: shining: (_her._) edged with rays.--_n._ (_opt._) the luminous point from which light emanates: (_astron._) the centre point from which meteoric showers proceed: (_geom._) a straight line from a point about which it is conceived to revolve.--_ns._ R[=A]'DIANCE, R[=A]'DIANCY, quality of being radiant: brilliancy: splendour.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIANTLY.--_adj._ R[=A]'DIOUS (_obs._), radiant.--RADIANT ENERGY, energy in the form of light or radiant heat; RADIANT HEAT, heat proceeding in rays or direct lines from a centre. [L. _radians_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _radi[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to radiate--_radius._]

RADIATA, r[=a]-di-[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ the lowest of Cuvier's four great divisions of the animal kingdom--the organs of sense and motion disposed as rays round a centre.

RADIATE, r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _v.i._ to emit rays of light: to shine: to proceed in direct lines from any point or surface.--_v.t._ to send out in rays: to furnish with rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DI[=A]TE, -D, formed of rays diverging from a centre: (_bot._) consisting of a disc in which the florets are tubular: (_min._) having crystals diverging from a centre: belonging to the _Radiata_: in coins, represented with rays proceeding from a centre, as a head or bust.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATELY, in a radiate manner: with radiation from a centre.--_adj._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TIFORM, having the appearance of being radiate.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATINGLY.--_n._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TION, act of radiating: the emission and diffusion of rays of light or heat.--_adj._ R[=A]'DIATIVE.--_n._ R[=A]'DIATOR, a body which radiates or emits rays of light or heat: a part of a heating apparatus for a room.--_adj._ R[=A]'DIATORY.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOFLAGELL'ATA, marine animalcules; R[=A]'DIOGRAPH, an instrument by which solar radiation is measured.--_adj._ R[=A]DIOL[=A]'RIAN, pertaining to the ooze at the bottom of the sea, composed of the shells of RADIOL[=A]'RIANS, a class of marine rhizopod _Protozoa_, so called from their having thread-like processes of living matter radiating outwards on all sides.--_ns._ R[=A]D[=I]'OLUS, one of the barbules of the main shaft of a feather; R[=A]DIOM'ETER, an instrument consisting of four horizontal arms of very fine glass, carefully poised so as to revolve easily on a point, the whole contained in a glass vessel almost exhausted of air--the arms move round under light or heat, more or less swiftly according to the strength of the rays.--_adj._ R[=A]DIOMET'RIC.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOMICROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring very small amounts of heat; R[=A]'DIOPHONE, an instrument for producing or transmitting sound by heat-rays.--_adj._ R[=A]DIOPHON'IC.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOPHON'ICS, R[=A]'DIOPHONY, the production of sound by radiant heat; R[=A]'DIUM, a rare element whose radiations act upon photographic plates and have properties like the X-rays.

RADICAL, rad'i-kal, _adj._ pertaining to the root or origin: original: fundamental: intrinsic: primitive: implanted by nature: not derived: serving to originate: (_bot._) proceeding immediately from the root: (_politics_) ultra-liberal, democratic.--_n._ a root: a primitive word or letter: one who advocates radical reform, an uncompromising democratic politician: (_chem._) the base of a compound.--_v.t._ RAD'ICALISE, to make radical.--_v.i._ to become radical, adopt radical political principles.--_n._ RAD'ICALISM, the principles or spirit of a radical or democrat.--_adv._ RAD'ICALLY.--_n._ RAD'ICALNESS. [_Radix._]

RADICATE, rad'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ deeply rooted: firmly established: (_zool._) fixed at the bottom as if rooted: (_conch._) adhering like a limpet.--_v.t._ to root: to plant or fix deeply and firmly:--_pr.p._ rad'ic[=a]ting; _pa.p._ rad'ic[=a]ted.--_adjs._ RAD'ICANT (_bot._), sending out roots from the stem above the ground; RADIC[=A]'RIAN, relating to roots; RAD'ICATED, rooted.--_ns._ RADIC[=A]'TION, the act or process of radicating or taking root deeply: (_bot._) the disposition of the root with respect to the ascending or descending stem; RAD'ICEL, a rootlet.--_adjs._ RADICIC'OLOUS, RADIC'OLOUS, living on roots, pertaining to the root-form of the phylloxera; RADICIFL[=O]'ROUS, flowering from the root; RADIC'IFORM, like a root.--_n._ RAD'ICLE, a little root: the part of a seed which in growing becomes the root.--_adjs._ RAD'IC[=O]SE, having a large root; RADIC'[=U]LAR, pertaining to a radicle.--_n._ RAD'IC[=U]LE (_bot._), that end of the embryo which is opposite to the cotyledons.--_adj._ RADIC'[=U]L[=O]SE (_bot._), covered with rootlets: radicose, having a large root. [L. _radic[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to take root--_radix_, a root.]

RADISH, rad'ish, _n._ an annual whose succulent pungent root is eaten raw as a salad.--_ns._ RAD'ISH-FLY, an American insect; SEA'SIDE-RAD'ISH, the wild radish. [Fr. _radis_--Prov. _raditz_--L. _radix_, _radicis_, a root.]

RADIUS, r[=a]'di-us, _n._ (_geom._) a straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle: anything like a radius, as the spoke of a wheel: a ray: (_anat._) the exterior bone of the arm: (_bot._) the ray of a flower: the movable arm of a sextant: one of the radiating lines of a geometrical spider's web:--_pl._ R[=A]'DII ([=i]).--_ns._ R[=A]'DIUS-BAR, -ROD, in a steam-engine, a rod pivoted at one end and connected at the other with a concentrically moving part at a fixed distance.--RADIUS VECTOR (_pl._ _Radii vectores_), the distance from a fixed origin to any point of a curve. [L., a rod.]

RADIX, r[=a]'diks, _n._ a root: primitive source: a primitive word from which other words are formed: the base of a system of logarithms:--_pl._ RADICES (r[=a]-d[=i]'s[=e]z). [L. _radix_, _radic-is_.]

RADOUB, ra-d[=oo]b', _n._ the refitting of a ship. [Fr., _radouber_, to mend. Cf. _Redub_.]

RADULA, rad'[=u]-la, _n._ the tongue or lingual ribbon of a mollusc.--_adjs._ RAD'[=U]LAR; RAD'[=U]L[=A]TE; RAD[=U]LIF'EROUS, bearing a radula; RAD'[=U]LIFORM, rasp-like: like a file. [L.,--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.]

RAFF, raf, _n._ the sweepings of society, the rabble: the riff-raff: rubbish: a low worthless fellow, a rowdy.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to snatch, to sweep off.--_adj._ RAFF'ISH, worthless. [O. Fr. _raffer_, to catch; cog. with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch; cf. _Riff-raff_.]

RAFF, RAFFE, raf, _n._ (_naut._) a three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind.--Also RAFF'IE.

RAFFIA. Same as RAPHIA.

RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ a kind of sale by chance or lottery in which the price is subscribed equally by all who hope to win.--_v.i._ to try a raffle.--_n._ RAFF'LER. [Fr. _rafle_, a certain game of dice--_rafler_, to sweep away--Ger. _raffeln_, freq. of _raffen_ (A.S. _reafian_), to seize.]

RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ lumber, rubbish. [Cf. _Raff_ (1).]

RAFFLED, raf'ld, _adj._ having the edge finely notched.

RAFFLESIA, raf-l[=e]'zi-a, _n._ a remarkable genus of apetalous parasitic plants, named after Sir T. Stamford _Raffles_ (1781-1826), British governor in Sumatra (1818).

RAFT, raft, _n._ (_U.S._) a miscellaneous or promiscuous lot. [A variant of _Raff_ (1).]

RAFT, raft, _n._ a collection of pieces of timber fastened together for a support on the water: planks conveyed by water.--_v.t._ to transport on a raft: to form into a raft.--_v.i._ to manage a raft, travel by raft.--_ns._ RAFT'-BRIDGE, a bridge supported on rafts; RAFT'-DOG, an iron bar fitted for securing logs in a raft; RAFT'-DUCK, the black-head duck of the United States; RAFT'-PORT, a square hole in some ships for convenience in loading and unloading timber; RAFT'-ROPE, a rope used in whaling-vessels for stringing blubber; RAFTS'MAN, one who guides a raft. [Ice. _raptr_ (pron. _raftr_), a rafter--_ráf_, _ræfr_, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. _r[=a]fo_, a spar.]

RAFTER, raft'[.e]r, _n._ an inclined beam supporting the roof of a house.--_v.t._ to furnish with rafters.--_n._ RAFT'ER-BIRD, the spotted fly-catcher.--PRINCIPAL RAFTER, a main timber in supporting the weight of a roof. [A.S. _ræfter_, a beam; Ice. _raptr_ (_raftr_), a beam; Dan. _raft_, a pole.]