Chapter IX: Part 9

PASCH, pask, _n._ the Jewish Passover: Easter.--_adj._ PASCH'AL, pertaining to the Passover, or to Easter.--_ns._ PASCH'AL-CAN'DLE, a large candle blessed and placed on the altar on the day before Easter; PASCH'AL-FLOW'ER (see PASQUE); PASCH'AL-LAMB, the lamb slain and eaten at the Jewish Passover; PASCH'-EGG, an Easter-egg.--PASCH OF THE CROSS, Good-Friday; PASCHAL CONTROVERSY, a long dispute in the early church about the proper time for celebrating Easter. [A.S. _pascha_--L.,--Gr.,--Heb. _pesach_, the Passover--_pasach_, to pass over.]

PASCUAGE, pas'k[=u]-[=a]j, _n._ the grazing or pasturing of cattle.--_adjs._ PAS'C[=U]AL, PAS'C[=U]OUS. [L. _pascuum_, pasture--_pasc[)e]re_, to feed.]

PASH, pash, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to strike, to dash, to crush.--_n._ a blow. [Perh. imit.]

PASH, pash, _n._ (_Shak._) the head, the face.

PASHA, PACHA, pash'ä, _n._ a title given to Turkish officers who are governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.--_ns._ PASH'ALIC, PACH'ALIC, the jurisdiction of a pasha. [Turk.,--Pers. _p[=a]sh[=a]_, _p[=a]dsh[=a]h_.]

PASIGRAPHY, pa-sig'ra-fi, _n._ a system of language-signs universally intelligible.--_adjs._ PASIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PAS'ILALY, universal speech. [Gr. _pas_, all, _graphein_, to write.]

PASQUE-FLOWER, pask'-flow'[.e]r, _n._ one of several genera of anemone, blooming about Easter--also _Campana_ and _Dane-flower_.

PASQUIN, pas'kwin, _n._ a lampoon or satire--also PAS'QUIL.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to lampoon or satirise--also PAS'QUIL.--_ns._ PAS'QUILANT, PAS'QUILER, PASQUIN[=A]'DER, a lampooner; PASQUIN[=A]DE', a lampoon.--_v.t._ to lampoon. [_Pasquino_, a sarcastic tailor in Rome in the 15th century, near whose house a mutilated statue was dug up just after his death, on which lampoons were posted.]

PASS, pas, _v.i._ to pace or walk onward: to move from one place or state to another: to travel: to change: to circulate: to be regarded: to go by: to go unheeded or neglected: to elapse, as time: to be finished: to move away: to disappear: (_B._) to pass away: to go through an examination or an inspection: to be approved: to meet with acceptance: to happen: to fall, as by inheritance: to flow through: to thrust, as with a sword: to run, as a road.--_v.t._ to go by, over, beyond, through, &c.: to spend: to omit: to disregard: to surpass: to enact, or to be enacted by: to cause to move: to send: to transfer: to give forth: to cause to go from one person or state to another: to approve: to undergo successfully: to give circulation to: (_fencing_) to thrust:--_pa.p._ passed and past.--_n._ a way through which one passes: a narrow passage, esp. over or through a range of mountains: a narrow defile: a passport: state or condition: a written permission to go out or in anywhere: a ticket: (_fencing_) a thrust: success in any examination or other test, a certificate of having reached a certain standard--without honours.--_adj._ PASS'ABLE, that may be passed, travelled over, or navigated: that may bear inspection: that may be accepted or allowed to pass: a little above the common: tolerable.--_n._ PASS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PASS'ABLY.--_ns._ PASS'BOOK, a book that passes between a trader and his customer, in which credit purchases are entered: a bank-book; PASS'-CHECK, a ticket of admission to a place, or of readmission when one goes out intending to return; PASS'ER, one who passes; PASS'ER-BY, one who passes by or near; PASS'KEY, a key enabling one to enter a house: a key for opening several locks.--_adj._ PASS'LESS, having no pass: impassable.--_ns._ PASS'MAN, one who gains a degree or pass without honours at a university; PASS'PORT, a warrant of protection and permission to travel; PASS'WORD (_mil._), a private word by which a friend is distinguishable from a stranger, enabling one to pass or enter a camp, &c.--PASS MUSTER, to go through an inspection without fault being found; PASS OFF, to impose fraudulently, to palm off; PASS ON, to go forward: to proceed; PASS ON, or UPON, to come upon, to happen to: to give judgment or sentence upon: to practise artfully, to impose upon, to palm off; PASS OVER, or BY, to go to the other side of: to cross, to go past without visiting or halting: to overlook, to disregard; PASS THE TIME OF DAY, to exchange any ordinary greeting of civility; PASS THROUGH, to undergo, experience.--BRING TO PASS, to cause to happen; COME TO PASS, to happen. [O. Fr. _passer_--It. _passare_--_passus_, a step.]

PASSADE, pa-s[=a]d', _n._ (_Shak._) a push or thrust with a sword: the motion of a horse turning backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground.--Also PASS[=A]'DO.

PASSAGE, pas'[=a]j, _n._ act of passing: a moving from one place or state to another: a journey, as in a ship: course: time occupied in passing: means of passing in or out: a way: entrance: enactment of a law: right of passing: price paid for passing or for being conveyed between two places: occurrence, any incident or episode: a single clause or part of a book, &c.: a modulation in music: (_B._) a mountain-pass: ford of a river: (_zool._) migratory habits.--_v.i._ to cross: to walk sideways, of a horse.--PASSAGE OF ARMS, any feat of arms: a quarrel, esp. of words.--BIRD OF PASSAGE, a bird that passes from one climate to another at the change of the seasons.

PASSAMEZZO. See PASSY-MEASURE.

PASSANT, pas'ant, _adj._ (_her._) walking. [Fr.]

PASSÉ, pas-s[=a]', _adj._ past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life: nearly out of date:--_fem._ PASSÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _passer_, to pass.]

PASSEMENTERIE, pas-men-te-r[=e]', _n._ trimming for dresses, as beaded lace. [Fr.]

PASSENGER, pas'en-j[.e]r, _n._ one who passes: one who travels in some public conveyance.--PASSENGER PIGEON, a species of pigeon, a native of North America, having a small head and short bill, a very long, wedge-shaped tail, and long and pointed wings; PASSENGER TRAIN, a railway-train for the conveyance of passengers. [O. Fr. _passagier_ (Fr. _passager_), with inserted _n_, as in _messenger_, _nightingale_.]

PASSE-PARTOUT, pas'-par-t[=oo]', _n._ a means of passing anywhere: a master-key: a kind of simple picture-frame, usually of pasteboard, within which the picture is fixed by strips of paper pasted over the edges. [Fr., a 'master-key,' from _passer_, to pass, _par_, over, _tout_, all.]

PASSEPIED, pas'py[=a], _n._ a dance like the minuet, but quicker. [Fr.]

PASSERES, pas'e-rez, _n.pl._ the name given by Cuvier to the order of birds otherwise called _Insessores_, comprising more than half of all the birds.--_adj._ PASS'ERINE, relating to the _Passeres_, an order of which the sparrow is the type. [L. _passer_, a sparrow.]

PASSIBLE, pas'i-bl, _adj._ susceptible of suffering, or of impressions from external agents.--_ns._ PASSIBIL'ITY, PASS'IBLENESS, the quality of being passible.--_adv._ PASS'IBLY, in a passible manner. [L. _passibilis_--_pati_, _passus_, to suffer.]

PASSIM, pas'im, _adv._ here and there. [L.]

PASSIMETER, pa-sim'e-ter, _n._ a pocket pedometer.

PASSING, pas'ing, _adj._ going by, through, or away: happening now: surpassing.--_adv._ exceedingly: very.--_ns._ PASS'ING-BELL, a bell tolled immediately after a person's death, originally to invite prayers for the soul passing into eternity; PASS'ING-NOTE (_mus._), a smaller note marking a tone introduced between two others, to effect a smooth passage from the one to the other, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

PASSION, pash'un, _n._ power of feeling pain or suffering: strong feeling or agitation of mind, esp. rage: ardent love: eager desire: state of the soul when receiving an impression: suffering or passive condition, as opposed to _Action_: the sufferings, esp. the death, of Christ: (_pl._) excited conditions of mind.--_ns._ PASSIFL[=O]'RA, a genus of climbing herbs or shrubs, the passion-flowers; PASS'IONAL, PASS'IONARY, a book containing accounts of the sufferings of saints and martyrs.--_adjs._ PASS'IONAL, influenced by passion; PASS'IONATE, moved by passion: showing strong and warm feeling: easily moved to anger: intense.--_adv._ PASS'IONATELY.--_n._ PASS'IONATENESS.--_adj._ PASS'IONED, moved by passion: expressing passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-FLOW'ER, a flower so called from a fancied resemblance to a crown of thorns, the emblem of Christ's passion; PASS'IONIST (_R.C._), one of a religious congregation devoted to the commemoration of the Passion of Christ by missions, &c.--_adj._ PASS'IONLESS, free from passion: not easily excited to anger.--_n._ PASS'ION-M[=U]'SIC, music to which words describing the sufferings and death of Christ are set.--_adj._ PASS'ION-PALE (_Tenn._), pale with passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-PLAY, a religious drama representing the sufferings and death of Christ; PASS'ION-SUN'DAY, the fifth Sunday in Lent; PASS'ION-WEEK, name commonly given in England to Holy-week (as being the week of Christ's passion); but, according to proper rubrical usage, the week preceding Holy-week. [Fr.,--L. _passio_, _passionis_--_passus_, pa.p. of _pati_, to suffer.]

PASSIVE, pas'iv, _adj._ suffering, unresisting: not acting: (_gram._) expressing the suffering of an action by the subject of the verb.--_adv._ PASS'IVELY.--_ns._ PASS'IVENESS, PASSIV'ITY, inactivity: patience: tendency of a body to preserve a given state, either of motion or of rest. [Fr.,--L. _passivus_--_pati_, suffer.]

PASSMAN. See PASS.

PASSOVER, pas'[=o]-v[.e]r, _n._ annual feast of the Jews, to commemorate the destroying angel passing over the houses of the Israelites when he slew the first-born of the Egyptians.--_adj._ pertaining to the Passover.

PASSY-MEASURE, pas'si-mezh'[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) an old stately kind of dance, called also _Passamezzo_. [It. _passamezzo_--_passare_, to pass--_passo_--L. _passus_, a pace, _mezzo_--L. _medius_, the middle.]

PAST, past, _pa.p._ of PASS.--_adj._ gone by: elapsed: ended: now retired from service: in time already passed.--_prep._ farther than: out of reach of: no longer capable of.--_adv._ by.--THE PAST, that which has passed, esp. time.

PASTE, p[=a]st, _n._ a mass of anything made soft by wetting: flour and water forming dough for pies, &c.: a cement made of flour, water, &c.: a fine kind of glass for making artificial gems.--_v.t._ to fasten with paste.--_n._ PASTE'BOARD, a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted together, &c.--_adj._ made of such, unsubstantial. [O. Fr. _paste_ (Fr. _pâte_)--Late L. _pasta_--Gr. _past[=e]_, a mess of food--_pastos_, salted--_passein_, to sprinkle.]

PASTEL, pas'tel, _n._ chalk mixed with other materials and various colours for crayons, a drawing made with such, also the art: woad.--_n._ PAS'TELIST.[Fr. _pastel_--It. _pastello_--L. _pastillus_, a small loaf--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]

PASTERN, pas't[.e]rn, _n._ the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. _pasturon_ (Fr. _pâturon_)--O. Fr. _pasture_, pasture, a tether for a horse.]

PASTEURISM, pas-t[.e]r'izm, _n._ the method of inoculation with the attenuated virus of certain diseases, esp. hydrophobia, as introduced by Louis _Pasteur_ (1822-95).--_adj._ PASTEUR'IAN.--_n._ PASTEURIS[=A]'TION, a method of arresting the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at least 140° F.--_v.t._ PASTEUR'ISE.

PASTICHE, pas-t[=e]sh', _n._ a mixture of many parts of different kinds, used of _music_, _painting_, &c.: a work in literature or art in direct imitation of another's style.--Also PASTIC'CIO. [It. _pasticcio_.]

PASTIL, pas'til, _n._ Same as PASTEL.

PASTILLE, pas-t[=e]l', _n._ a small cone of charcoal and aromatic substances, burned either as incense, or as a means of diffusing an agreeable odour: a small aromatic confection: a paper tube containing a firework which causes a small wheel to rotate in burning: (_art_) the same as _pastel_--also PAS'TIL.--_n._ PAS'TILLAGE.[Fr.,--L. _pastillus_, a small loaf.]

PASTIME, pas't[=i]m, _n._ that which serves to pass away the time: amusement: recreation.

PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ one who has care of a flock: a shepherd: a clergyman.--_adj._ PAS'TORAL, relating to shepherds or to shepherd life: rustic: of or pertaining to the pastor of a church: addressed to the clergy of a diocese by their bishop.--_n._ a poem which describes the scenery and life of the country: a letter or an address by a pastor to his people, or by a bishop to his clergy: (_mus._) a simple melody.--_n._ PAS'TORALISM, pastoral character.--_adv._ PAS'TORALLY.--_ns._ PAS'TORATE, PAS'TORSHIP, the office of a pastor: the time during which one has been a pastor: the whole body of pastors in one church or district.--_adj._ PAS'TORLY, becoming a pastor.--PASTORAL ADDRESS, or LETTER (see PASTORAL, _n._); PASTORAL CHARGE, position of a pastor: the church, &c., over which a pastor is placed: an address to a newly ordained minister; PASTORAL EPISTLES, those in the New Test. to Timothy and Titus; PASTORAL STAFF, a tall staff borne as an emblem of episcopal authority, headed like a shepherd's crook, or having a T-shaped head; PASTORAL THEOLOGY, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors; PASTORAL WORK, the work of a pastor in visiting his people. [L., _pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]

PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to Western Asia.

PASTORALE, pas-t[=o]-rä'le, _n._ a variety of opera or cantata characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one of the figures of a quadrille.--Also PASTOURELLE'.

PASTRY, p[=a]s'tri, _n._ articles made of paste or dough: crust of pies, tarts, &c.: act or art of making articles of paste.--_n._ P[=A]S'TRYCOOK, one who cooks or sells pastry. [_Paste._]

PASTURE, past'[=u]r, _n._ grass for grazing: ground covered with grass for grazing.--_v.t._ to feed on pasture: to supply with grass.--_v.i._ to feed on pasture: to graze.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RABLE, that can be pastured: fit for pasture.--_ns._ PAST'[=U]RAGE, the business of feeding or grazing cattle: pasture-land: grass for feeding; PAST'[=U]RE-LAND, land appropriated to pasture.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RELESS, destitute of pasture. [O. Fr. _pasture_ (Fr. _pâture_)--L. _pastura_--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]

PASTY, p[=a]s'ti, _adj._ like paste.--_n._ a small pie of meat and crust baked without a dish.

PAT, pat, _n._ a light, quick blow, as with the hand.--_v.t._ to strike gently: to tap:--_pr.p._ pat'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pat'ted.--PAT ON THE BACK, to mark approval by patting on the back, to patronise. [Imit.]

PAT, pat, _n._ a small, moulded lump of butter. [Celt., as Ir. _pait_, a lump.]

PAT, pat, _adj._ fitly: at the right time or place.--_adv._ PAT'LY, fitly, conveniently.--_n._ PAT'NESS, fitness, appropriateness. [_Pat_, a light blow.]

PATAGIUM, pat-[=a]-j[=i]'um, _n._ the wing-membrane of a bat, &c.: the parachute of a flying squirrel, &c.: the fold of integument between the upper arm and the forearm of a bird: one of the scales affixed to the pronotum of lepidopterous insects--the _tegula_. [L., 'a gold edging.']

PATAMAR, pat'a-mär, _n._ a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, and great stem and stern rake.

PATAVINITY, pat-a-vin'i-ti, _n._ the style of Padua (L. _Patavium_), esp. the diction of Livy, a native of Patavium, hence provincialism generally.

PATCH, pach, _v.t._ to mend by putting in a piece: to repair clumsily: to make up of pieces: to make hastily.--_n._ a piece sewed or put on to mend a defect: anything like a patch: a small piece of ground: a plot: (_Shak._) a paltry fellow, a fool--properly a jester: (_print._) an overlay to obtain a stronger impression: a small piece of black silk, &c., stuck by ladies on the face, to bring out the complexion by contrast--common in the 17th and 18th centuries.--_adj._ PATCH'ABLE.--_ns._ PATCH'-BOX, a fancy box for holding the patches worn on the face, generally having a mirror inside the lid; PATCH'ER, one who patches; PATCH'ERY (_Shak._), bungling work; PATCH'WORK, work formed of patches or pieces sewed together: work patched up or clumsily executed.--_adj._ PATCH'Y, covered with patches: inharmonious, incongruous.--NOT A PATCH ON, not fit to be compared with. [Low Ger. _patschen_; prob. conn. with _piece_.]

PATCHOCKE, pach'ok, _n._ (_Spens._) a clown. [_Patch._]

PATCHOULI, pa-ch[=oo]'li, _n._ a perfume got from the dried branches of the patchouli shrub, 2-3 ft. high: the plant itself.--Also PATCHOU'LY. [Tamil, _patchei_, gum, _elei_, a leaf.]

PATE, p[=a]t, _n._ the crown of the head: the head.--_adj._ P[=A]T'ED, having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. _platte_, a plate; cf. Low L. _platta_, tonsure.]

PÂTÉ, pä-t[=a]', _n._ pie: pasty.--PÂTÉ DE FOIE GRAS, pasty of fat goose liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.]

PATELLA, pa-tel'la, _n._ a little dish or vase: the knee-pan: a genus of gasteropodous univalve molluscs: the limpet.--_adjs._ PATEL'LAR, pertaining to the patella or knee-cap; PATEL'LATE or PATEL'LULATE; PATEL'LIFORM, of the form of a small dish or saucer. [L., dim. of _patina_, a pan.]

PATEN, pat'en, _n._ the plate for the bread in the Eucharist. [Fr.,--L. _patina_, a plate--Gr. _patan[=e]_.]

PATENT, p[=a]'tent, or pat'ent, _adj._ lying open: conspicuous: public: protected by a patent: (_bot._) spreading: expanding.--_n._ an official document, open, and having the Great Seal of the government attached to it, conferring an exclusive right or privilege, as a title of nobility, or the sole right for a term of years to the proceeds of an invention: something invented and protected by a patent.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TENT, to grant or secure by patent.--_adj._ P[=A]'TENTABLE, capable of being patented.--_ns._ P[=A]TENTEE', one who holds a patent, or to whom a patent is granted--also P[=A]'TENTER; P[=A]'TENT-LEATH'ER, a kind of leather to which a permanently polished surface is given by a process of japanning; P[=A]'TENTOR, one who grants or who secures a patent; P[=A]'TENT-RIGHT, the exclusive right reserved by letters-patent.--_n.pl._ P[=A]'TENT-ROLLS, the register of letters-patent issued in England.--PATENT MEDICINE, a medicine sold under the authority of letters-patent, any proprietary medicine generally on which stamp-duty is paid; PATENT OFFICE, an office for the granting of patents for inventions; PATENT OUTSIDE, or INSIDE, a newspaper printed on the outside or inside only, sold to a publisher who fills the other side with his own material, as local news, &c. [Fr.,--L. _patens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _pat[=e]re_, to lie open.]

PATERA, pat'e-rä, _n._ a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial libation among the Romans: (_archit._) the representation of such in bas-relief in friezes, &c.--often applied loosely to rosettes and other flat ornaments:--_pl._ PAT'ERÆ (-r[=e]).--_adj._ PAT'ERIFORM. [L.,--_pat[=e]re_, to lie open.]

PATERCOVE, pat'[.e]r-k[=o]v, _n._ Same as PATRICO.

PATERERO, pat-e-r[=a]'ro, _n._:--_pl._ PATERE'ROES (-r[=o]z). Same as PEDERERO.

PATERFAMILIAS, p[=a]-t[.e]r-fa-mil'i-as, _n._ the father or head of a family or household:--_pl._ P[=A]TRESFAMIL'IAS. [L. _pater_, a father, _familias_, arch. form of _familiæ_, gen. of _familia_, a household.]

PATERNAL, pa-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ fatherly: showing the disposition of a father: derived from a father: hereditary.--_n._ PATER'NALISM.--_adv._ PATER'NALLY.--_n._ PATER'NITY, state of being a father: fatherhood: the relation of a father to his children: origination or authorship. [Fr. _paternel_--Low L. _paternalis_--L. _paternus_--_pater_ (Gr. _pat[=e]r_), a father.]

PATERNOSTER, p[=a]'t[.e]r-nos-t[.e]r, or pat-[.e]r-nos't[.e]r, _n._ the Lord's Prayer: every eleventh bead in a R.C. rosary, at which, in telling their beads, the Lord's Prayer is repeated: the whole rosary: anything made of objects strung together like a rosary, esp. a fishing-line with hooks at intervals: (_archit._) an ornament shaped like beads, used in astragals, &c. [L. _Pater noster_, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin.]

PATH, päth, _n._ a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of action or conduct:--_pl._ PATHS (pä_th_z).--_n._ PATH'FINDER, one who explores the route, a pioneer.--_adj._ PATH'LESS, without a path: untrodden. [A.S. _pæth_, _path_; Ger. _pfad_, Gr. _patos_, L. _pons_, _pontis_, a bridge.]

PATHAN, pa-than', _n._ an Afghan proper, one of Afghan race settled in India.

PATHETIC, -AL, pa-thet'ik, -al, _adj._ showing passion: affecting the tender emotions: causing pity, grief, or sorrow: touching: (_anat._) trochlear.--_adj._ PATHEMAT'IC, pertaining to emotion.--_adv._ PATHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHET'ICALNESS; PATH'ETISM, animal magnetism; PATH'ETIST, one who practises this.--THE PATHETIC, the style or manner fitted to excite emotion. [Gr. _path[=e]tikos_, subject to suffering.]

PATHIC, path'ik, _adj._ pertaining to disease.--_ns._ PATHOGEN'ESIS, PATHOG'ENY, mode of production or development of disease.--_adjs._ PATHOGENET'IC, PATHOGEN'IC, PATHOG'ENOUS, producing disease.

PATHOGNOMONIC, p[=a]-thog-n[=o]-mon'ik. _adj._ characteristic of a disease.--_n._ PATHOG'NOMY. [Gr. _pathos_, suffering, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, a judge.]

PATHOLOGY, pa-thol'o-ji, _n._ science of the nature, causes, and remedies of diseases: the whole of the morbid conditions in a disease.--_adjs._ PATHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PATHOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHOL'OGIST, one versed in pathology; PATHOPH[=O]'BIA, morbid dread of disease. [Fr.,--Gr. _pathos_, suffering, _logos_, discourse.]

PATHOS, p[=a]'thos, _n._ that in anything (as a word, a look, &c.) which touches the feelings or raises the tender emotions: the expression of deep feeling.--_n._ PATHOM'ETRY, the distinction of suffering into different kinds. [Gr., from _pathein_, 2 aorist of _paschein_, to suffer, feel.]

PATHWAY, päth'w[=a], _n._ a path or way: a footpath: course of action.

PATIBULARY, p[=a]-tib'[=u]-la-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to a gibbet or gallows. [L. _patibulum_, a gibbet.]

PATIENCE, p[=a]'shens, _n._ quality of being patient or able calmly to endure: (_Shak._) permission: a card-game, same as Solitaire (q.v.).--_adj._ P[=A]'TIENT, sustaining pain, &c., without repining: not easily provoked: not in a hurry: persevering: expecting with calmness: long-suffering.--_n._ one who bears or suffers: a person under medical treatment.--_adv._ P[=A]'TIENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _patentia_--_patiens_--_pati_, to bear.]

PATIN, PATINE, pat'in, _n._ Same as PATEN.

PATINA, pat'i-na, _n._ a bowl, pan, patella: the encrustation which age gives to works of art: the peculiar varnish-like rust which covers ancient bronzes and medals.--_adj._ PAT'IN[=A]TED.--_n._ PATIN[=A]'TION. [It.,--L. _patina_, a dish, a kind of cake.]

PATIO, pat'i-[=o], _n._ a courtyard connected with a house. [Sp.,--L. _spatium_, a space.]

PATLY, PATNESS. See PAT (3).

PATOIS, pat'waw, _n._ a vulgar or provincial dialect. [Fr., orig. _patrois_--L. _patriensis_, indigenous--_patria_, one's native country.]

PATONCE, pa-tons', _n._ (_her._) a cross whose four arms expand in curves from the centre, with floriated ends.--_adj._ PATONCÉE. [Fr.,--L. _pat[=e]re_, to expand.]

PATRES CONSCRIPTI, p[=a]'tres kon-skrip't[=i], _n.pl._ conscript fathers: the senators of ancient Rome. [L. _patres_, pl. of _pater_, a father, _conscripti_, pl. of _conscriptus_,--_conscrib[)e]re_, to enrol.]

PATRIAL, p[=a]'tri-al, _adj._ designating a race or nation.--_n._ a noun derived from the name of a country.

PATRIA POTESTAS, p[=a]'tri-ä p[=o]-tes'tas, _n._ a father's control over his family, in ancient Rome, which was almost unlimited. [L.]

PATRIARCH, p[=a]'tri-ärk, _n._ one who governs his family by paternal right: (_B._) one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to Abraham, Jacob, and his sons: in Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to an archbishop.--_adjs._ PATRIARCH'AL, PATRIARCH'IC, belonging or subject to a patriarch: like a patriarch: of the nature of a patriarch.--_ns._ P[=A]'TRIARCHALISM, the condition of tribal government by a patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHATE, the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch or church dignitary: the residence of a patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHISM, government by a patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHY, a community of related families under the authority of a patriarch. [O. Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _patriarch[=e]s_--_pat[=e]r_, father, _arch[=e]_, beginning.]

PATRICIAN, pa-trish'an, _n._ a nobleman in ancient Rome, being a descendant of one of the fathers or first Roman senators: a nobleman.--_adj._ pertaining to the ancient senators of Rome or to their descendants: of noble birth.--_n._ PATRIC'IATE, the position or duties of a patrician: the patrician order. [L. _patricius_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]

PATRICIDE, pat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder or the murderer of one's own father.--_adj._ PAT'RIC[=I]DAL, relating to patricide or the murder of a father. [L. _patricida_--_pater_, _patris_, father, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

PATRICO, pat'ri-k[=o], _n._ (_slang_) a gipsy or beggars' hedge-priest.--Also PAT'ERCOVE.

PATRIMONY, pat'ri-mun-i, _n._ a right or estate inherited from a father or from one's ancestors: a church estate or revenue.--_adj._ PATRIM[=O]'NIAL, pertaining to a patrimony: inherited from ancestors.--_adv._ PATRIM[=O]'NIALLY. [Fr. _patrimoine_--L. _patrimonium_, a paternal estate--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]

PATRIOT, p[=a]'tri-ot, or pat'-, _n._ one who truly loves and serves his fatherland.--_adj._ devoted to one's country.--_adj._ P[=A]TRIOT'IC, like a patriot: actuated by a love of one's country: directed to the public welfare.--_adv._ P[=A]TRIOT'ICALLY.--_n._ P[=A]'TRIOTISM, quality of being patriotic: love of one's country. [Fr.,--Low L.,--Gr. _patri[=o]t[=e]s_--_patrios_--_pat[=e]r_, a father.]

PATRIPASSIAN, p[=a]-tri-pas'i-an, _n._ a member of one of the earliest classes of anti-Trinitarian sectaries (2d century), who denied the distinction of three persons in one God, maintaining that the sufferings of the Son could be predicated of the Father. [L. _pater_, father, _pati_, _passus_, to suffer.]

PATRISTIC, -AL, pa-tris'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the fathers of the Christian Church.--_ns._ P[=A]'TRIST, one versed in patristics; PATRIS'TICISM, mode of thought, &c., of the fathers.--_n.pl._ PATRIS'TICS, the knowledge of the fathers as a subject of study--sometimes PATROL'OGY. [Fr., coined from L. _pater_, _patris_, a father.]

PATROL, pa-tr[=o]l', _v.i._ to go the rounds in a camp or garrison: to watch and protect.--_v.t._ to pass round as a sentry:--_pr.p._ patr[=o]l'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ patr[=o]lled'.--_n._ the marching round of a guard in the night: the guard or men who make a patrol: (also PATR[=O]L'MAN) a policeman who walks about a certain beat for a specified time, such policemen collectively. [O. Fr. _patrouille_, a patrol, _patrouiller_, to march in the mud, through a form _patouiller_, from _pate_ (mod. _patte_), the paw or foot of a beast, of Teut. origin, cf. Ger. _patsche_, little hand.]

PATRON, p[=a]'trun, _n._ a protector: one who countenances or encourages: one who has the right to appoint to any office, esp. to a living in the church: a guardian saint:--_fem._ P[=A]'TRONESS.--_v.t._ to treat as a patron.--_n._ P[=A]'TRONAGE, the support given by a patron: guardianship of saints: the right of bestowing offices, privileges, or church benefices.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to support.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONAL.--_n._ P[=A]TRONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SE, to act as a patron toward: to give countenance or encouragement to: to assume the air of a patron towards.--_n._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SER.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SING.--_adv._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SINGLY.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONLESS. [Fr.,--L. _patronus_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]

PATRONYMIC, -AL, pat-r[=o]-nim'ik, -al, _adj._ derived from the name of a father or an ancestor.--_n._ PATRONYM'IC, a name taken from one's father or ancestor. [Gr. _pat[=e]r_, a father, _onoma_, a name.]

PATROON, p[=a]-tr[=oo]n', _n._ one who received a grant of land under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.--_n._ PATROON'SHIP. [Dut.; cf. _Patron_.]

PATTE, pat, _n._ a narrow band keeping a belt or sash in its place. [Fr.]

PATTÉ, PATTÉE, pa-t[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) spreading toward the extremity. [O. Fr. _patte_, a paw.]

PATTEN, pat'en, _n._ a wooden sole with an iron ring, worn under the shoe to keep it from the wet: the iron hoop attached to the boot in cases of hip-joint disease: the base of a pillar.--_v.i._ to go about on pattens.--_adj._ PATT'ENED, provided with pattens. [O. Fr. _patin_, clog--_patte_.]

PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to pat or strike often, as hailstones: to make the sound of short quick steps:--_pr.p._ patt'ering; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ patt'ered. [A freq. of _pat_.]

PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to repeat the Lord's Prayer: to pray: to repeat over and over again indistinctly, to mumble.--_v.t._ to repeat hurriedly, to mutter.--_n._ glib talk, chatter: the cant of a class.--_ns._ PATT'ERER, one who sells articles on the street by speechifying; PATT'ER-SONG, a comic song in which a great many words are sung or spoken very rapidly.--PATTER FLASH, to talk the jargon of thieves. [_Pater-noster_.]

PATTERN, pat'[.e]rn, _n._ a person or thing to be copied: a model: an example: style of ornamental work: anything to serve as a guide in forming objects: the distribution of shot in a target at which a gun is fired.--_ns._ PATT'ERN-BOOK, a book containing designs of lace, &c., or in which patterns of cloth, &c., are pasted; PATT'ERN-BOX, in weaving, a box at each side of a loom containing the various shuttles that may be used; PATT'ERN-CARD, a piece of cardboard on which specimens of cloth are fixed; PATT'ERN-MAK'ER, one who makes the patterns for moulders in foundry-work; PATT'ERN-SHOP, the place in which patterns for a factory are prepared; PATT'ERN-WHEEL, the count-wheel in a clock movement. [Fr. _patron_, a protector, pattern.]

PATTLE, pat'l, _n._ a paddle.

PATTY, pat'i, _n._ a little pie:--_pl._ PATT'IES.--_n._ PATT'Y-PAN, a pan in which to bake these. [Fr. _pâté_.]

PATULOUS, pat'[=u]-lus, _adj._ spreading.

PAUCITY, paw'sit-i, _n._ fewness: smallness of number or quantity. [Fr.,--L. _paucitas_--_paucus_, few.]

PAUL. Same as PAWL.

PAULDRON, pawl'dron, _n._ a separable shoulder-plate in medieval armour. [O. Fr. _espalleron_--_espalle_, the shoulder.]

PAULICIAN, paw-lish'an, _n._ a member of a Dualistic Eastern sect, founded about 660, professing peculiar reverence for _Paul_ and his writings.

PAULINE, paw'l[=i]n, _adj._ of or belonging to the Apostle _Paul_.--_ns._ PAUL'INISM, the teaching or theology of Paul; PAUL'INIST, a follower of Paul.

PAULO-POST-FUTURE, paw'l[=o]-p[=o]st-f[=u]'t[=u]r, _adj._ and _n._ the future perfect tense in grammar.

PAUNCH, pawnsh, or pänsh, _n._ the belly: the first and largest stomach of a ruminant.--_v.t._ to eviscerate.--_adj._ PAUNCH'Y, big-bellied. [O. Fr. _panche_ (Fr. _panse_)--L. _pantex_, _panticis_.]

PAUPER, paw'p[.e]r, _n._ a very poor or destitute person: one supported by charity or by some public provision:--_fem._ PAU'PERESS.--_n._ PAUPERIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PAU'PERISE, to reduce to pauperism.--_n._ PAU'PERISM, state of being a pauper. [L.]

PAUSE, pawz, _n._ a ceasing: a temporary stop: cessation caused by doubt: suspense: a mark for suspending the voice: (_mus._) a mark showing continuance of a note or rest.--_v.i._ to make a pause.--_adjs._ PAUS'AL; PAUSE'LESS.--_adv._ PAUSE'LESSLY.--_n._ PAUS'ER, one who pauses or deliberates.--_adv._ PAUS'INGLY, with pauses: by breaks: deliberately. [Fr.,--L. _pausa_--Gr. _pausis_, from _pauein_, to cause to cease.]

PAVAN, pav'an, _n._ (_Shak._) a slow dance, much practised in Spain: music for this dance.--Also PAV'EN, PAV'IN. [Fr.,--Sp. _pavana_, _pavon_--L. _pavo_, peacock; or It., for _Padovana_, pertaining to _Padua_.]

PAVE, p[=a]v, _v.t._ to lay down stone, &c., to form a level surface for walking on: to prepare, as a way or passage: to make easy and smooth in any way.--_ns._ P[=A]'VAGE, P[=A]'VIAGE, money paid towards paving streets.--_adj._ P[=A]VED--also P[=A]'VEN.--_ns._ PAVE'MENT, a paved road, floor, or side-walk, or that with which it is paved; P[=A]'VER, P[=A]'VIER, P[=A]'VIOR, P[=A]'VIOUR, one who lays pavements; P[=A]'VING, the act of laying pavement: pavement.--_adj._ employed or spent for paving.--PAVE THE WAY, to prepare the way for. [Fr. _paver_--L. _pav[=i]re_, to beat hard; cog. with Gr. _paiein_, to beat.]

PAVID, pav'id, _adj._ timid. [L. _pavidus_.]

PAVILION, pa-vil'yun, _n._ a tent: an ornamental building often turreted or domed: (_mil._) a tent raised on posts: a canopy or covering: the outer ear: a flag or ensign carried at the gaff of the mizzenmast.--_v.t._ to furnish with pavilions: to shelter, as with a tent.--_n._ PAVIL'ION-ROOF, a roof sloping equally on all sides. [Fr. _pavillon_--L. _papilio_, a butterfly, a tent.]

PAVISE, pav'is, _n._ a shield for the whole body. [Fr.,--Low L. _pavensis_, prob. from _Pavia_ in Italy.]

PAVON, pav'on, _n._ a small triangular flag attached to a lance. [L. _pavo_, a peacock.]

PAVONINE, pav'o-n[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the peacock: resembling the tail of a peacock or made of its feathers: iridescent--also PAV[=O]'NIAN.--_n._ PAV[=O]NE' (_Spens._), the peacock. [L. _pavoninus_--_pavo_, _pavonis_, a peacock.]

PAW, paw, _n._ the foot of a beast of prey having claws: the hand, used in contempt.--_v.i._ to draw the forefoot along the ground like a horse.--_v.t._ to scrape with the forefoot: to handle with the paws: to handle roughly: to flatter.--_adj._ PAWED, having paws: broad-footed. [O. Fr. _poe_, _powe_, prob. Teut.; cf. Dut. _poot_, Ger. _pfote_. Perh. related to O. Fr. _pate_ (cf. _Patrol_). But perh. Celt., as W. _pawen_, a paw.]

PAWKY, pawk'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) sly, arch, shrewd.

PAWL, pawl, _n._ a short bar lying against a toothed wheel to prevent a windlass, &c., from running back: a catch or click.--_v.t._ to stop by means of a pawl. [W. _pawl_, a stake, conn. with L. _palus_, a stake.]

PAWN, pawn, _n._ something given as security for the repayment of money or the performance of a promise: state of being pledged.--_v.t._ to give in pledge.--_ns._ PAWN'BROKER, a broker who lends money on pawns or pledges; PAWN'BROKING, the business of a pawnbroker; PAWNEE', one who takes anything in pawn; PAWN'ER, one who gives a pawn or pledge as security for money borrowed; PAWN'SHOP, a shop of a pawnbroker; PAWN'TICKET, a ticket marked with the name of the article, the amount advanced, &c., delivered to the person who has pawned anything.--AT PAWN, pledged, laid away. [O. Fr. _pan_, prob. from L. _pannus_, a cloth.]

PAWN, pawn, _n._ a common piece in chess. [O. Fr. _paon_, a foot-soldier--Low L. _pedo_, _pedonis_, a foot-soldier--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

PAWN, pawn, _n._ a gallery.

PAWNEE, paw'n[=e], _n._ one of a tribe of Indians in North America.--_adj._ belonging to this tribe.

PAX, paks, _n._ the kiss of peace (Rom. xvi. 16): a plaque or tablet used in giving the kiss of peace when the mass is celebrated by a high dignitary--a crucifix, a tablet with the image of Christ on the cross upon it, or a reliquary.--PAX VOBIS, PAX VOBISCUM, peace (be) with you. [L.]

PAXWAX, paks'waks, _n._ the strong tendon in the neck of animals. [Orig. _fax-wax_--A.S. _feax_, _fex_, hair, _weaxan_, to grow.]

PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ to satisfy or set at rest: to discharge, as a debt or a duty: to requite with what is deserved: to reward: to punish: to give, render.--_v.i._ to recompense: to be worth one's trouble: to be profitable:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ paid.--_n._ that which satisfies: money given for service: salary, wages.--_adj._ PAY'ABLE, that may be paid: that ought to be paid: due.--_ns._ PAY'-BILL, a statement of moneys to be paid, to workmen, soldiers, &c.; PAY'-CLERK, a clerk who pays wages; PAY'-DAY, a regular day for payment, as of wages; PAY'-DIRT, -GRAV'EL, gravel or sand containing enough gold to be worth working; PAYEE', one to whom money is paid; PAY'ER; PAY'-LIST, -ROLL, a list of persons entitled to pay, with the amounts due to each; PAY'MASTER, the master who pays: an officer in the army or navy whose duty it is to pay soldiers, &c.; PAY'MENT, the act of paying: the discharge of a debt by money or its equivalent in value: that which is paid: recompense: reward: punishment; PAY'-OFF'ICE, the place where payments are made; FULL'-PAY, the whole amount of wages, &c., without deductions; HALF'-PAY (see HALF).--PAY DOWN, to pay in cash on the spot; PAY FOR, to make amends for: to bear the expense of; PAY OFF, to discharge: to take revenge upon: to requite: (_naut._) to fall away to leeward; PAY OUT, to cause to run out, as rope; PAY ROUND, to turn the ship's head; PAY THE PIPER, to have all expenses to pay.--IN THE PAY OF, hired by. [Fr. _payer_--L. _pac[=a]re_, to appease; cf. _pax_, peace.]

PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ (_naut._, and in the proverb 'the devil to pay') to smear with tar, pitch, &c. [Perh. through O. Fr. _peier_ (Sp. _empegar_) from L. _pic[=a]re_, to pitch.]

PAYNE, p[=a]n, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to take pains, exert one's self.

PAYNIM, PAINIM, p[=a]'nim, _n._ a pagan: a heathen. [O. Fr. _paienisme_, paganism--L. _paganismus_--_paganus_, a pagan.]

PAYNISE, p[=a]'n[=i]z, _v.t._ to harden and preserve, as wood, by successive injections of solutions of calcium or barium sulphide followed by calcium sulphate. [_Payne_, inventor of the process.]

PAYSAGE, p[=a]'s[=a]j, _n._ a landscape.--_n._ PAY'S[=A]GIST, a landscape-painter. [Fr.]

PAYSE, p[=a]z, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to poise, to balance.

PEA, p[=e], _n._ a climbing annual herb of the bean family, whose seeds are nutritious:--_pl._ PEAS, a definite number; PEASE, a quantity not numbered.--_ns._ PEA'-R[=I]'FLE, a rifle throwing a very small bullet; PEAS'COD, PEASE'COD, the pod or pericarp of the pea; PEA'-SHOOT'ER, a small metal tube for blowing peas through; PEA'-STONE, pisolite.--EGYPTIAN PEA, the chick-pea; FRENCH PEA, the common garden pea: (_pl._) canned peas made up in France; SPLIT PEAS, peas stripped of their membraneous covering in a mill, used for making pea-soup, or ground into meal; SWEET PEA, a climbing annual with large and fragrant flowers. [M. E. _pese_, pl. _pesen_ and _peses_--A.S. _pisa_, pl. _pisan_--L. _pisum_, Gr. _pison_.]

PEA, p[=e], _n._ a pea-fowl. See PEACOCK.

PEACE, p[=e]s, _n._ a state of quiet: freedom from disturbance: freedom from war: friendliness: calm: rest: harmony: silence.--_interj._ silence: be silent: hist!--_adj._ PEACE'ABLE, disposed to peace: free from war or disturbance: quiet: tranquil.--_n._ PEACE'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PEACE'ABLY.--_n._ PEACE'-BREAK'ER, one who breaks or disturbs the peace of others.--_adj._ PEACE'FUL, full of peace: quiet: tranquil: calm: serene.--_adv._ PEACE'FULLY.--_n._ PEACE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PEACE'LESS, without peace.--_ns._ PEACE'LESSNESS; PEACE'MAKER, one who makes or produces peace; one who reconciles enemies; PEACE'-OFF'ERING, an offering bringing about peace: among the Jews, an offering to God, either in gratitude for past or petition for future mercies (see Lev. iii.; vii. 11-21): satisfaction to an offended person; PEACE'-OFF'ICER, an officer whose duty it is to preserve the peace: a police-officer.--_adj._ PEACE'-PART'ED (_Shak._), dismissed from the world in peace.--_n._ PEACE'-PAR'TY, a political party advocating the making or the preservation of peace; PEACE'-PIPE (see CALUMET).--PEACE ESTABLISHMENT, the reduced military strength maintained in time of peace; PEACE OF GOD, the ancient cessation from suits between terms, and on Sundays and holy days.--BREACH OF THE PEACE (see BREACH); HOLD ONE'S PEACE, to be silent; KEEP PEACE, abstain from breaking the peace of others; KISS OF PEACE (see KISS); LETTERS OF PEACE (see PACIFY); MAKE ONE'S PEACE WITH, to reconcile or to be reconciled with; QUEEN'S, or KING'S, PEACE, the public peace, for the maintenance of which the sovereign as head of the executive is responsible; SWEAR THE PEACE, to take oath before a magistrate that a certain person ought to be put under bond to keep the peace. [O. Fr. _pais_ (Fr. _paix_)--L. _pax_, _pacis_, peace.]

PEACH, p[=e]ch, _v.i._ to betray one's accomplice: to become informer.--_n._ PEACH'ER. [A corr. of _impeach_.]

PEACH, p[=e]ch, _n._ a tree with a delicious, juicy fruit: the fruit of this tree.--_ns._ PEACH'-BLOSS'OM, a canary-yellow colour: pink with a yellowish tinge: a collector's name for a moth, the _Thyatira batis_; PEACH'-BRAND'Y, a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the peach.--_adj._ PEACH'-COL'OURED, of the colour of a peach-blossom: pale red.--_ns._ PEACH'ERY, a hothouse in which peaches are grown; PEACH'-STONE, the hard nut enclosing the seed within the fruit of the peach; PEACH'-WA'TER, a flavouring extract used in cookery, prepared from the peach.--_adj._ PEACH'Y.--_n._ PEACH'-YELL'OWS, a disease that attacks peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. _pesche_ (Fr. _pêche_, It. _persica_, _pesca_)--L. _Persicum_ (_malum_), the Persian (apple).]

PEACOCK, p[=e]'kok, _n._ a large gallinaceous bird of the pheasant kind, remarkable for the beauty of its plumage, esp. that of its tail:--_fem._ PEA'HEN.--_v.t._ to cause to strut like a peacock.--_v.i._ to strut about proudly.--_ns._ PEA'CHICK, the young of the pea-fowl; PEA'COCK-FISH, a variegated labroid fish; PEA'-FOWL, the peacock or peahen. [A.S. _pawe_--L. _pavo_--Gr. _ta[=o]s_--Pers. _t[=a]wus_; and _cock_ (q.v.).]

PEACOD. Same as PEASCOD.

PEA-CRAB, p[=e]'-krab, _n._ a genus of small crustaceans, which live within the mantle-lobes of mussels, oysters, &c.

PEAG, p[=e]g, _n._ polished shell-beads used as money among the North American Indians.--Also PEAK (p[=e]k).

PEA-GREEN, p[=e]'-gr[=e]n, _adj._ a shade of green like the colour of green peas.

PEA-JACKET, p[=e]'-jak'et, _n._ a coarse thick jacket worn esp. by seamen.--Also PEA'-COAT. [Dut. _pij_ (pron. p[=i]), a coat of coarse thick cloth; _jacket_.]

PEAK, p[=e]k, _n._ a point: the pointed end of anything: the top of a mountain: (_naut._) the upper outer corner of a sail extended by a gaff or yard, also the extremity of the gaff.--_v.i._ to rise upward in a peak: to look thin or sickly.--_v.t._ (_naut._) to raise the point (of a gaff) more nearly perpendicular.--_adjs._ PEAKED, pointed: ending in a point: having a thin or sickly look; PEAK'ING, sickly, pining, sneaking; PEAK'ISH, having peaks: thin or sickly looking; PEAK'Y (_Tenn._), having or showing peaks. [M. E. _pec_--Ir. _peac_, a sharp thing. Cf. _Beak_, _Pike_.]

PEAL, p[=e]l, _n._ a loud sound: a number of loud sounds one after another: a set of bells tuned to each other: a chime or carillon: the changes rung upon a set of bells.--_v.i._ to resound like a bell: to utter or give forth loud or solemn sounds.--_v.t._ to cause to sound loudly: to assail with noise: to celebrate. [For _appeal_; O. Fr. _apel_--_apeler_--L. _appell[=a]re_, inten. of _appell[)e]re_, _ap-_ (_ad_), to, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.]

PEA-MAGGOT, p[=e]'-mag'ut, _n._ the caterpillar of a small moth which lays its eggs in pods of peas.

PEAN, p[=e]n, _n._ one of the heraldic furs, differing from ermine only in the tinctures, the ground being sable and the spots of gold. [O. Fr. _panne_, a fur. Cf. _Pane_.]

PEAN. See PÆAN.

PEA-NUT, or _Ground-nut_. See GROUND.

PEAR, p[=a]r, _n._ a common fruit of a somewhat conical shape, and very juicy to the taste: the tree on which it grows, allied to the apple.--_adj._ PEAR'IFORM, PEAR'-SHAPED, shaped like a pear--that is, thick and rounded at one end, and tapering to the other.--_n._ PEAR'-TREE. [A.S. _pera_ or _peru_--L. _pirum_, a pear (whence also Fr. _poire_).]

PEAR, p[=e]'ar, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PEER.

PEARL, p[.e]rl, _n._ a well-known shining gem, found in several kinds of shellfish, but most esp. in the mother-of-pearl oyster: anything round and clear: anything very precious: a jewel: a while speck or film on the eye: (_print._) a size of type immediately above diamond, equal to 5 points (about 15 lines to the inch).--_adj._ made of, or belonging to, pearls.--_v.t._ to set or adorn with pearls: to make into small round grains.--_v.i._ to take a rounded form: to become like pearls.--_adj._ PEARL[=A]'CEOUS, resembling pearls or mother-of-pearl: spotted with white.--_ns._ PEARL'-ASH, a purer carbonate of potash, obtained by calcining potashes, so called from its pearly-white colour; PEARL'-BAR'LEY, barley after the skin has been ground off (prob. for 'pilled barley,' Fr. _orge perlé_); PEARL'-BUTT'ON, a button made of mother-of-pearl; PEARL'-DIV'ER, one who dives for pearls.--_adj._ PEARLED, set with pearls: like pearls: having a border trimmed with narrow lace.--_ns._ PEARL'-EDGE, a thread edging, a border on some ribbons formed by projecting loops of the threads; PEARL'-EYE, cataract.--_adj._ PEARL'-EYED, having a white speck on the eye.--_ns._ PEARL'-FISH'ER, one who fishes for pearls; PEARL'-FISH'ERY, the occupation of fishing for pearls, or the place where it is carried on; PEARL'-FISH'ING; PEARL'-GRAY, a pale gray colour.--_adj._ of a pale gray colour, like the pearl.--_ns._ PEARL'INESS, state of being pearly; PEARL'-NAU'TILUS, the pearly nautilus; PEARL'-OYS'TER, the oyster which produces pearls; PEARL'-POW'DER, a cosmetic for improving the appearance of the skin; PEARL'-WHITE, a material made from fish-scales, used in making artificial pearls: a kind of cosmetic.--_adj._ PEARL'Y, like a pearl, nacreous: yielding pearls: dotted with pearls: clear, transparent: having a pure sweet tone. [Fr. _perle_, acc. to Diez, prob. either a corr. of L. _pirula_, a dim. of _pirum_, a pear, or of L. _pilula_, dim. of _pila_, a ball.]

PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ lace made of silk or other kind of thread.--Also PEARL'IN. [Ir. _peirlin_, fine linen.]

PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ the process of removing the outer coat of grain.

PEARMAIN, p[=a]r'm[=a]n, _n._ a name of several varieties of apple.

PEART, p[=e]rt, _adj._ lively: saucy: in good health and spirits.--_adv._ PEART'LY. [_Pert._]

PEASANT, pez'ant, _n._ a countryman: a rustic: one whose occupation is rural labour.--_adj._ of or relating to peasants, rustic, rural: rude.--_n._ PEAS'ANTRY, the body of peasants or tillers of the soil: rustics: labourers.--PEASANT PROPRIETOR, a peasant who owns and works his own farm; PEASANTS' WAR, a popular insurrection in Germany, in 1525, stamped out with horrible cruelty. [O. Fr. _paisant_ (Fr. _paysan_)--_pays_--L. _pagus_, a district.]

PEASE, p[=e]z, _n._ (_Spens._) a blow.

PEASE, p[=e]z, _indef. pl._ of PEA.--_ns._ PEASE'COD, PEAS'COD, the pericarp of the pea: a peacod; PEASE'-MEAL, PEASE'-PORR'IDGE, PEASE'-SOUP or PEA'-SOUP, meal, porridge, soup, made from pease.

PEASEWEEP, p[=e]z'w[=e]p, _n._ (_prov._) the pewit. [Imit.]

PEAT, p[=e]t, _n._ decayed vegetable matter like turf, cut out of boggy places, and when dried used for fuel.--_ns._ PEAT'-BOG, a district covered with peat: a place from which peat is dug--also PEAT'-BED, PEAT'-MOOR, PEAT'-MOSS; PEAT'-HAG, a ditch whence peat has been dug; PEAT'-REEK, the smoke of peat, supposed to add a delicate flavour to whisky; PEAT'-SPADE, a spade having a side wing at right angles for cutting peat in rectangular blocks.--_adj._ PEAT'Y, like peat: abounding in, or composed of, peat. [True form _beat_--M. E. _beten_, to mend a fire--A.S. _bétan_, to make better--_bót_, advantage.]

PEBA, p[=e]'ba, _n._ a South American armadillo.

PEBBLE, peb'l, _n._ a small roundish ball or stone: transparent and colourless rock-crystal used for glass in spectacles, a fine kind of glass: a large size of gunpowder.--_v.t._ to give (to leather) a rough appearance with small rounded prominences.--_adjs._ PEBB'LED, PEBB'LY, full of pebbles.--_ns._ PEBB'LE-POW'DER, gunpowder consisting of large cubical grains, and burning slowly--also _Cube-powder_ and _Prismatic-powder_; PEBB'LE-WARE, a kind of fine pottery made of various coloured clays mixed together; PEBB'LING, a way of graining leather with a ribbed or roughened appearance. [A.S. _papol_-(_-stán_), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. _papula_, a pustule.]

PEBRINE, peb'rin, _n._ a destructive disease of silkworms.--_adj._ PEB'RINOUS. [Fr.]

PECAN, p[=e]-kan', _n._ a North American tree whose wood is chiefly used for fuel, also the nut it yields.

PECCABLE, pek'a-bl, _adj._ liable to sin.--_ns._ PECCABIL'ITY; PECC'ANCY, sinfulness: transgression.--_adj._ PECC'ANT, sinning: transgressing: guilty: morbid: offensive: bad.--_adv._ PECC'ANTLY. [L. _peccabilis_--_pecc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to sin.]

PECCADILLO, pek-a-dil'lo, _n._ a little or trifling sin: a petty fault:--_pl._ PECCADIL'LOS, PECCADIL'LOES. [Sp. _pecadillo_, dim. of _pecado_--L. _peccatum_, a sin.]

PECCARY, pek'ar-i, _n._ a hog-like quadruped of South America.

PECCAVI, pe-k[=a]'v[=i], I have sinned. [L. 1st pers. sing. perf. indic. act. of _pecc[=a]re_, I sin.]

PECH, PEGH, peh, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to pant, to breathe hard. [Imit.]

PECHT, peht, _n._ a corruption of _Pict_.

PECK, pek, _n._ a measure of capacity for dry goods=2 gallons, or one-fourth of a bushel: a great amount. [M. E. _pekke_, prob. from _peck_, 'to pick up.']

PECK, pek, _v.t._ to strike with the beak: to pick up with the beak: to eat: to strike with anything pointed: to strike with repeated blows.--_ns._ PECK'ER, that which pecks: a woodpecker: (_slang_) spirit, as in 'to keep one's pecker up'=to keep up one's spirits; PECK'ING, the sport of throwing pebbles at birds.--_adj._ PECK'ISH, somewhat hungry. [_Pick._]

PECKSNIFF, pek'snif, _n._ one who talks large about virtue and benevolence, while at heart a selfish and unprincipled hypocrite.--_adj._ PECK'SNIFFIAN.--_n._ PECK'SNIFFIANISM. [From Mr _Pecksniff_ in Dickens's _Martin Chuzzlewit_.]

PECTEN, pek'ten, _n._ a genus of molluscs, one species of which is the scallop--so called from the valves having ribs radiating from the umbo to the margin like a comb: a membrane on the eyes of birds.--_adjs._ PECTIN[=A]'CEOUS, like the scallops; PEC'TINAL, of a comb: comb-like: having bones like the teeth of a comb; PEC'TIN[=A]TE, -D, having teeth like a comb: resembling the teeth of a comb.--_adv._ PEC'TIN[=A]TELY.--_n._ PECTIN[=A]'TION, the state of being pectinated--_adjs._ PECTIN[=E]'AL, having a comb-like crest; PEC'TINIBRANCHIATE, having comb-like gills; PEC'TINIFORM, comb-like. [L. _pecten_, a comb.]

PECTIC, pek'tik, _adj._ congealing, curdling.--_ns._ PEC'TIN, PEC'TINE, a soluble gelatinising substance obtained from pectose; PEC'T[=O]SE, a substance yielding pectin, contained in the fleshy pulp of unripe fruit. [Gr. _p[=e]ktikos_, congealing--_p[=e]gnynai_, to make solid.]

PECTORAL, pek't[=o]-ral, _adj._ relating to the breast or chest.--_n._ armour for the breast: an ornament worn on the breast, esp. the breastplate worn by the ancient Jewish high-priest, and the square of gold, embroidery, &c. formerly worn on the breast over the chasuble by bishops during mass: a pectoral cross: a pectoral fin: a medicine for the chest.--_adv._ PEC'TORALLY.--_n._ PECTORIL'OQUY, the sound of the patient's voice heard through the stethoscope when applied to the chest in certain morbid conditions of the lungs.--PECTORAL FINS, the anterior paired fins of fishes; PECTORAL THEOLOGY, a name sometimes applied to the theology of those Christians who make much of experience and emotion, as themselves guides to a knowledge of divine truth--in Neander's phrase, 'Pectus est quod facit theologum.' [Fr.,--L. _pectoralis_--_pectus_, _pectoris_, the breast.]

PECULATE, pek'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to take for one's own use money or property entrusted to one's care: to embezzle: to steal.--_ns._ PECUL[=A]'TION; PEC'UL[=A]TOR. [L. _pecul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_pec[=u]lium_, private property, akin to _pecunia_, money.]

PECULIAR, p[=e]-k[=u]l'yar, _adj._ one's own: belonging to no other: appropriate: particular: odd, uncommon, strange.--_n._ (_obs._) private property: a parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary or bishop in whose diocese it is placed.--_v.t._ PECUL'IARISE, to set apart.--_n._ PECULIAR'ITY, quality of being peculiar or singular: that which is found in one and in no other: that which marks a person off from others: individuality.--_adv._ PECUL'IARLY.--_n._ PEC[=U]'LIUM, private property, esp. that given by a father to a son, &c.--PECULIAR PEOPLE, the people of Israel: a sect of faith-healers, founded in London in 1838, who reject medical aid in cases of disease, and rely on anointing with oil by the elders, and on prayer, with patient nursing. [Fr.,--L. _peculiaris_--_peculium_, private property.]

PECUNIARY, p[=e]-k[=u]'ni-ar-i, _adj._ relating to money: consisting of money.--_adv._ PEC[=U]'NIARILY.--_adj._ PEC[=U]'NIOUS, rich. [Fr.,--L. _pecuniarius_--_pecunia_, money--_pecu-_, which appears in L. _pecudes_ (pl.), cattle.]

PED, ped, _n._ (_Spens._) a basket, a hamper. [_Pad._]

PEDAGOGUE, ped'a-gog, _n._ a teacher: a pedant.--_v.t._ to teach.--_adjs._ PEDAGOG'IC, -AL, relating to teaching: belonging to, or possessed by, a teacher of children.--_ns._ PEDAGOG'ICS, PED'AGOGISM, PED'AGOGY, the science of teaching: instruction: discipline. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paidag[=o]gos_--_pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _ag[=o]gos_, a leader--_agein_, to lead.]

PEDAL, ped'al, _adj._ pertaining to a foot.--_n._ any part of a machine transmitting power from the foot: in musical instruments, a lever moved by the foot.--_v.i._ to work a pedal.--_n._ P[=E]D[=A]'LE, a foot-cloth in front of an altar: a collection of canons of general councils in the Greek Church.--_adjs._ P[=E]D[=A]'LIAN, relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; PED'[=A]TE, divided like a foot: (_bot._) having the side lobes of a divided leaf also divided into smaller parts, the midribs of which do not run to a common centre as in the palmate leaf.--_adv._ PED'[=A]TELY.--_adj._ PEDAT'IFID, divided in a pedate manner, but having the divisions connected at the base.--COMBINATION PEDAL, a metal pedal in organs controlling several stops at once. [L. _pedalis_--_pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

PEDANT, ped'ant, _n._ one who makes a vain display of learning: a pretender to knowledge which he does not possess: (_Shak._) a pedagogue.--_adjs._ PEDANT'IC, -AL, displaying knowledge for the sake of showing.--_adv._ PEDANT'ICALLY, in a pedantic manner.--_ns._ PEDANT'ICISM, PED'ANTISM.--_v.i._ PED'ANTISE, to play the pedant.--_ns._ PEDANTOC'RACY, government by pedants; PED'ANTRY, acts, manners, or character of a pedant: vain display of learning: (_Swift_) the overrating of any kind of knowledge we pretend to. [Fr.,--It. _pedante_--L. _pædagogan_s, _-antis_, teaching--_pædagogus_, a pedagogue.]

PEDDLE, ped'l, _v.i._ to travel about with a basket or bundle of goods, esp. of smallwares, for sale: to trifle.--_v.t._ to retail in small quantities.--_ns._ PEDD'LER, PED'LAR, PED'LER, a hawker or travelling merchant; PEDD'LERY, PED'LARY, the trade or tricks of a peddler: wares sold by a peddler.--_adj._ PEDD'LING, unimportant.--_n._ the trade or tricks of a peddler. [_Peddar_, _pedder_, one who carries wares in a _ped_ or basket.]

PEDERASTY, ped'e-rast-i, _n._ unnatural commerce of males with males, esp. boys.--_n._ PED'ERAST, one addicted to this vice.--_adj._ PEDERAST'IC. [Gr., _pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _erast[=e]s_--_eraein_, to love.]

PEDERERO, ped-e-r[=e]'r[=o], _n._ an old gun for discharging stones, pieces of iron, &c., also for firing salutes.

PEDESIS, ped-[=e]'sis, _n._ the rapid oscillation of small particles in a liquid.

PEDESTAL, ped'es-tal, _n._ anything that serves as a foot or a support: the foot or base of a pillar, &c.: the fixed casting which holds the brasses, in which a shaft turns, called also _Axle-guard_ or _Pillow-block_.--_v.t._ to place on a pedestal. [Sp.,--It. _piedestallo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the foot, It. _stallo_, a place.]

PEDESTRIAN, p[=e]-des'tri-an, _adj._ going on foot: performed on foot: pertaining to common people: vulgar.--_n._ one journeying on foot: an expert walker, one who practises feats of walking or running.--_adj._ P[=E]DES'TRIAL, of or pertaining to the foot: pedestrian.--_adv._ P[=E]DES'TRIALLY.--_v.t._ P[=E]DES'TRIANISE, to traverse on foot.--_n._ P[=E]DES'TRIANISM, a going on foot: walking: the practice of a pedestrian. [L. _pedestris_--_pes_, _pedis_.]

PEDETENTOUS, ped-[=e]-ten'tus, _adj._ proceeding slowly.

PEDIATRICS, ped-i-at'riks, _n.pl._ that branch of medical science which relates to children and their special diseases.--Also PED'IATRY. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child, _iatrikos_, relating to a physician.]

PEDICEL, ped'i-sel, _n._ the little footstalk by which a single leaf or flower is fixed on the twig or on the cluster of which it forms a part--also PED'ICLE.--_n._ PEDICELL[=A]'RIA, a minute structure on the skin of sea-urchins and star-fish, like a stalk with a three or two bladed snapping forceps at the summit.--_adjs._ PED'ICELLATE, PEDIC'[=U]LATE, provided with a pedicel.--_n._ PED'ICLE, a fetter for the foot. [Fr. _pédicelle_--L. _pediculus_, dim. of _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

PEDICULUS, p[=e]-dik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of lice, or an individual of it.--_adjs._ P[=E]DIC'ULAR, P[=E]DIC'ULOUS, lousy.--_ns._ P[=E]DICUL[=A]'TION, P[=E]DICUL[=O]'SIS, lousiness.

PEDICURE, ped'i-k[=u]r, _n._ the treatment of corns, bunions, or the like: one who treats the feet.

PEDIFEROUS, p[=e]-dif'e-rus, _adj._ footed--also P[=E]DIG'EROUS.--_adj._ PED'IFORM, foot-shaped.

PEDIGREE, ped'i-gr[=e], _n._ a line of ancestors: a list, in order, of the ancestors from whom one has descended: lineage: genealogy.--_adj._ PED'IGREED, having a pedigree. [Skeat suggests Fr. _pied de grue_, crane's-foot, from its use in the drawing out of pedigrees.]

PEDIMANOUS, p[=e]-dim'a-nus, _adj._ having all four feet like hands--of the opossums and lemurs.--_n._ PED'IMANE.

PEDIMENT, ped'i-ment, _n._ (_archit._) a triangular or circular ornament which crowns the fronts of buildings, and serves as a finish to the tops of doors, windows, porticoes, &c.--_adjs._ PEDIMENT'AL; PED'IMENTED, furnished with a pediment: like a pediment. [L. _pedamentum_--_pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

PEDIPALP, ped'i-palp, _n._ a maxillipalp or maxillary palpus.--_adj._ pertaining to the same.--_n.pl._ PEDIPAL'PI, an order of _Arachnida_.--_adj._ PEDIPAL'POUS.

PEDLAR. See PEDDLE.

PEDOBAPTISM, p[=e]-d[=o]-bap'tizm, _n._ infant baptism.--_n._ PEDOBAP'TIST, one who believes in infant baptism. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child, _baptism_.]

PEDOMETER, p[=e]-dom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument, somewhat like a watch, by which the number of the steps of a pedestrian are registered, from which the distance he has walked is measured.--_adj._ PEDOMET'RIC. [L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot, Gr. _metron_, a measure.]

PEDOMOTOR, ped-[=o]-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a means for applying the foot as a driving power.--_adj._ PEDOM[=O]'TIVE.

PEDOTROPHY, p[=e]-dot'r[=o]-fi, _n._ the rearing of children.--_adj._ PEDOTROPH'IC.--_n._ PEDOT'ROPHIST. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child, _trephein_, to nourish.]

PEDUM, p[=e]'dum, _n._ a shepherd's crook. [L.]

PEDUNCLE, p[=e]-dung'kl, _n._ the stalk by which a cluster of flowers or leaves is joined to a twig or branch--sometimes same as _pedicel_--also PEDUN'CULUS.--_adjs._ PEDUN'CULAR, PEDUN'CULATE, -D. [Fr. _pedoncule_--Low L. _pedunculus_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]

PEECE, p[=e]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a fabric, a fortified place.

PEECED, p[=e]sd, _adj._ (_Spens._) imperfect.

PEEK, p[=e]k, _v.i._ to peep.--_n._ PEEK'ABOO, a children's game, from the cry made when hiding one's eyes.

PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to strip off the skin or bark: to bare.--_v.i._ to come off as the skin: to lose the skin: (_slang_) to undress.--_n._ the skin, rind, or bark: (_print._) a wooden pole with short cross-piece for carrying printed sheets to the poles on which they are to be dried: the wash or blade of an oar--not the loom: a mark ([Peel mark]) for cattle, for persons who cannot write, &c.--_adj._ PEELED, stripped of skin, rind, or bark: plundered.--_ns._ PEEL'ER, one who peels, a plunderer; PEEL'ING, the act of stripping: that which is stripped off: (_print._) the removing of the layers of a paper overlay, to get a lighter impression. [O. Fr. _peler_, to unskin--L. _pil[=a]re_, to deprive of hair--_pilus_, a hair; or _pellis_, a skin.]

PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a small Border fortress.--Also PEEL'-TOW'ER. [_Pile_.]

PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a baker's wooden shovel: a fire-shovel. [O. Fr. _pele_--L. _p[=a]la_, a spade.]

PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to plunder: to pillage. [_Pill_ (v.).]

PEELER, p[=e]l'[.e]r, _n._ a policeman, from Sir R. _Peel_, who established the Irish police (1812-18) and improved those in Britain (1828-30).--_n._ PEEL'ITE, a follower of Peel in the reform of the Corn-laws in 1846.

PEEN, p[=e]n, _n._ the end of a hammer-head, usually shaped for indenting.--_v.t._ to strike with such. [Ger. _pinne_.]

PEENGE, p[=e]nj, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to complain childishly.

PEEP, p[=e]p, _v.i._ to chirp, or cry as a chicken.--_n._ the cry of a young chicken. [Fr. _piper_--L. _pip[=a]re_.]