Chapter XIX: Part 19

PURITAN, p[=u]r'i-tan, _n._ one aiming at greater strictness in religious life, esp. one of a religious and political party having such aims in the time of Elizabeth and the Stuarts.--_adj._ pertaining to the Puritans.--_adjs._ P[=U]RITAN'IC, -AL, like a Puritan: rigid: exact.--_adv._ P[=U]RITAN'ICALLY.--_v.i._ P[=U]R'ITANISE.--_n._ P[=U]R'ITANISM, a puritan manner of life: strictness of life: simplicity and purity of worship: the notions or practice of Puritans. [L. _puritas_, purity--_purus_, pure.]

PURITY, p[=u]r'i-ti, _n._ condition of being pure: freedom from mixture of any kind: freedom from sin or defilement: chastity: sincerity: freedom from foreign or improper idioms or words.

PURL, purl, _v.i._ to flow with a murmuring sound, as a stream over small stones: to ripple: to flow in eddies: to curl or swirl.--_v.t._ to whirl about: to unseat.--_n._ a soft murmuring sound, as of a stream among stones: an eddy or ripple.--_n._ PURL'ING, the act of flowing with a gentle, murmuring sound: the murmuring sound of a small stream. [Prob. freq. of _purr_; cf. Sw. _porla_, Ger. _perlen_, to bubble.]

PURL, purl, _v.t._ to fringe with a waved edging, as lace: to invert stitches.--_n._ an embroidered border: a hem or fringe of twisted gold or silver thread: a ribbed or wavy appearance caused by inverted stitches: a kind of 16th-cent. lace. [_Purfle_.]

PURL, purl, _n._ ale warmed and spiced.

PURLIEU, pur'l[=u], _n._ the borders or environs of any place: (_orig._) the grounds on the borders of a royal forest, illegally added to the forest, but afterwards restored to their rightful owners, and marked out by perambulation. [Acc. to Skeat, a corr. of O. Fr. _puralee_ (a mere translation of L. _perambulatio_), land severed from a royal forest by perambulation--O. Fr. _pur_ (=L. _pro_), _allee_, a going.]

PURLIN, PURLINE, pur'lin, _n._ a piece of timber stretching horizontally across the rafters underneath to support them in the middle. [Perh. Fr. _pour_, for, or _par_, through, _ligne_, a line.]

PURLOIN, pur-loin', _v.t._ to carry off to a distance: to take for one's own use: to steal: to plagiarise.--_v.i._ to practise theft.--_n._ PURLOIN'ER. [O. Fr. _purloignier_--L. _prolong[=a]re_.]

PURPLE, pur'pl, _n._ a very dark-red colour formed by the mixture of blue and red: a purple dress or robe, originally worn only by royalty: a robe of honour: the dignity of a king or emperor: a cardinalate, so called from the red hat and robes worn by cardinals.--_adj._ red tinged with blue: blood-red: bloody.--_v.t._ to dye purple: to clothe with purple.--_v.i._ to become purple in colour.--_n._ PUR'PLE-FISH, a shellfish of genus _Purpura_.--_adjs._ PUR'PLE-FROST'Y (_Tenn._), purple with frost or cold; PUR'PLE-HUED (_Shak._), having a purple hue.--_n.pl._ PUR'PLES, petechiæ or spots of livid red on the body: a disease of wheat: an early purple-flowered orchid.--_adj._ PUR'PLE-SPIKED, having purple spikes.--_ns._ PUR'PLE-WOOD, -HEART, the heartwood of _Copaifera pubiflora_, used for ramrods.--_adj._ PUR'PLISH, somewhat purple.--PURPLE EMPEROR, one of the largest of British butterflies, and one of the most richly coloured.--BORN IN THE PURPLE, of princely rank or birth; TYRIAN PURPLE, a fine purple dye for which the people of ancient Tyre were celebrated. [O. Fr. _porpre_ (Fr. _pourpre_)--L. _purpura_--Gr. _porphyra_, the purple-fish.]

PURPORT, pur'p[=o]rt, _n._ design: meaning: signification.--_v.t._ (also PURPORT') to give out as its meaning: to convey to the mind: to seem to mean--often with an infinitive clause as its object.--_adj._ PUR'PORTLESS. [O. Fr., from _pur_ (Fr. _pour_)--L. _pro_, for, _porter_--L. _port[=a]re_, to carry.]

PURPOSE, pur'pos, _n._ idea or aim kept before the mind as the end of effort: aim, intention: effect: (_Spens._) conversation: (_pl._) a sort of conversational game.--OF, or ON, PURPOSE, with design, intentionally; TO THE PURPOSE, to the point, or material to the question. [O. Fr. _pourpos_, _propos_--L. _propositum_, a thing intended--_pro_, forward, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.]

PURPOSE, pur'pos, _v.t._ to intend (often followed by an infinitive or participial clause as its object).--_v.i._ to have an intention: (_Spens._) to discourse.--_adj._ PUR'POSEFUL, having an object: full of meaning.--_adv._ PUR'POSEFULLY.--_n._ PUR'POSEFULNESS.--_adj._ PUR'POSELESS, without purpose or effect: aimless.--_adv._ PUR'POSELESSLY.--_n._ PUR'POSELESSNESS.--_adj._ PUR'POSE-LIKE, having a definite purpose: having the appearance of being fit for a purpose.--_adv._ PUR'POSELY, with purpose: intentionally.--_n._ PUR'POSER.--_adj._ PUR'POSIVE, having an aim: (_biol._) functional.--_n._ PUR'POSIVENESS. [O. Fr. _purposer_, form of _proposer_, influenced by Fr. _propos_.]

PURPRISE, pur-pr[=i]z', _n._ an enclosure: the whole compass of a manor.--_n._ PURPREST'URE, a private encroachment upon a public highway, &c. [O. Fr. _pourpris_--_pour_, for, _prendre_--L. _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]

PURPURA, pur'p[=u]-ra, _n._ a genus of marine gasteropods: an eruption of small purple spots, caused by extravasation of blood in the skin--also called the _Purples_.--_adj._ PUR'PUR[=A]TE, of purple colour.--_n._ PUR'PURE, purple.--_adjs._ PURP[=U]'REAL, purple; PURP[=U]'RIC, relating to purpura. [L.,--Gr. _porphyra_.]

PURR, PUR, pur, _v.i._ to utter a low, murmuring sound, as a cat when pleased: to signify by, or as by, purring.--_ns._ PURR; PURR'ING, the low, murmuring sound of a cat.--_adv._ PURR'INGLY. [Imit.]

PURSE, purs, _n._ a small bag for money, orig. made of skin: a sum of money, esp. a sum given as a present or offered as a prize: a treasury: a person's finances.--_v.t._ to put into a purse: to contract as the mouth of a purse: to draw into folds or wrinkles.--_n._ PURSE'-BEAR'ER, one who has charge of the purse of another: a treasurer.--_adj._ PURSE'-BEAR'ING, pouched, marsupiate.--_ns._ PURSE'FUL, as much as a purse can hold: enough to fill a purse; PURSE'-MOUTH (_Tenn._), a pursed-up mouth; PURSE'-NET, a kind of net that can be closed like a purse; PURSE'-PRIDE.--_adj._ PURSE'-PROUD, proud of one's purse or wealth: insolent from wealth.--_ns._ PURS'ER, an officer who has charge of the provisions, clothing, and accounts of a ship, now termed a 'paymaster;' PURS'ERSHIP; PURSE'-SEINE, a seine which can be pursed into the shape of a bag.--_n.pl._ PURSE'-STRINGS, the strings fastening a purse.--_n._ PURSE'-TAK'ING, robbing.--A LIGHT, or EMPTY, PURSE, poverty; A LONG, or HEAVY, PURSE, riches; PRIVY PURSE, an allowance for the private expenses of the British sovereign: an officer in the royal household who pays the sovereign the grant of the civil list for his private expenses. [O. Fr. _borse_ (Fr. _bourse_)--Low L. _bursa_--Gr. _byrsa_, a hide.]

PURSLANE, PURSLAIN, purs'l[=a]n, _n._ an annual plant, frequently used in salads. [O. Fr. _porcelaine_--L. _porcilaca_, _portulaca_.]

PURSUE, pur-s[=u]', _v.t._ to follow after in order to overtake: to follow with haste: to chase: to follow up: to be engaged in: to carry on: to seek to obtain: to seek to injure: to imitate: to continue.--_v.i._ to follow: to go on or continue: to act as a prosecutor at law.--_n._ (_Spens._) pursuit.--_adj._ PURS[=U]'ABLE.--_n._ PURS[=U]'ANCE, the act of pursuing or following out: process: consequence.--_adj._ PURS[=U]'ANT, done while pursuing or seeking any purpose, hence agreeable.--_adv._ agreeably: conformably--also PURS[=U]'ANTLY.--_n._ PURS[=U]'ER, one who pursues: (_Scots law_) a plaintiff. [O. Fr. _porsuir_ (Fr. _poursuivre_)--L. _prosequi_, _-secutus_--_pro_, onwards, _sequi_, to follow.]

PURSUIT, pur-s[=u]t', _n._ the act of pursuing: endeavour to attain: occupation: employment.

PURSUIVANT, pur'swi-vant, _n._ an attendant or follower: a state messenger: an attendant on the heralds: one of four inferior officers in the English College of Arms. [Fr., pr.p. of _poursuivre_, to pursue.]

PURSY, purs'i, _adj._ puffy: fat and short: short-breathed.--_n._ PURS'INESS. [O. Fr. _pourcif_ (Fr. _poussif_), orig. _poulsif_, broken-winded--O. Fr. _poulser_ (Fr. _pousser_), to push--L. _puls[=a]re_, to push.]

PURTENANCE, pur'ten-ans, _n._ that which pertains or belongs to: (_B._) the inwards or intestines of an animal. [_Appurtenance_.]

PURULENCE, p[=u]'r[=u]-lens, _n._ the forming of pus or matter: pus--also P[=U]'RULENCY.--_adj._ P[=U]'RULENT, consisting of, full of, or resembling pus or matter.--_adv._ P[=U]'RULENTLY. [_Pus._]

PURVEY, pur-v[=a]', v.t, to provide, esp. with conveniences: to procure.--_v.i._ to provide: to buy in provisions for several persons: (with _to_) to pander.--_ns._ PURVEY'ANCE, the act of purveying: a procuring of victuals: that which is supplied: the former royal prerogative of pre-emption of necessaries; PURVEY'OR, one who provides victuals: an officer who formerly exacted provisions for the use of the king's household: a procurer. [O. Fr. _porvoir_ (Fr. _pourvoir_)--L. _provid[=e]re_, to provide.]

PURVIEW, pur'v[=u], _n._ a condition or disposition: the part of a statute beginning with 'Be it enacted:' scope: limits. [O. Fr. _pourvieu_--_pourvoir_, to provide.]

PUS, pus, _n._ a thick yellowish fluid exuded from inflamed tissues: that which has become putrid. [L. _pus_, _puris_, matter; akin to Gr. _pyon_.]

PUSEYISM, p[=u]'zi-izm, _n._ a name given to the High Church and Catholic principles of Dr E. B. _Pusey_ (1800-82), and other Oxford divines, as set forth in 'Tracts for the Times.'--_adjs._ P[=U]SEYIST'IC, -AL.--_n._ P[=U]'SEYITE, one who holds the views of Dr Pusey.

PUSH, p[=oo]sh, _v.t._ to thrust or press against: to drive by pressure: to press forward: to urge: to press hard: to thrust, as with a sword.--_v.i._ to make a thrust: to make an effort: to press against: to burst out.--_n._ a thrust: an impulse: assault: effort: exigence: (_Bacon_) a pustule, a pimple, eruption.--_n._ PUSH'ER, one who pushes: a stem or rod.--_adj._ PUSH'ING, pressing forward in business: enterprising: vigorous.--_n._ PUSH'ING-JACK, an implement for starting a railway-carriage, &c.--_adv._ PUSH'INGLY.--_n._ PUSH'-PIN (_Shak._), a children's game in which pins are pushed alternately. [Fr. _pousser_--L. _puls[=a]re_, freq. of _pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_, to beat.]

PUSHTU, PUSHTOO, push't[=oo], _n._ the language of the Afghans proper.--Also PUSH'TO. [Afghan.]

PUSILLANIMOUS, p[=u]-si-lan'i-mus, _adj._ wanting firmness of mind: of small courage: having a little mind: mean-spirited: cowardly.--_adv._ PUSILLAN'IMOUSLY.--_ns._ PUSILLAN'IMOUSNESS, PUSILLANIM'ITY, state or quality of being weak-minded: lack of spirit or courage: timidity. [L. _pusillanimis_--_pusillus_, very little, _animus_, the mind.]

PUSS, p[=oo]s, _n._ a familiar name for a cat: a hare, in sportsmen's language: a playful name for a child or a girl.--_ns._ PUSS'-CLOV'ER, the rabbit's foot or stone-clover; PUSS'-GEN'TLEMAN, a dandy; PUSS'-MOTH, a moth of the genus Cerura; PUSS'-TAIL, a common grass with bristly spikes, belonging to the genus Setaria--also called _Foxtail_; PUSS'Y, a dim. of _puss_--also PUSS'Y-CAT; PUSS'Y-CAT, the silky catkin of various willows; PUSS'Y-WILL'OW, a common American willow, _Salix discolor_, with silky spring catkins.--PUSS IN THE CORNER, a children's game in which the places are continually being changed, while the player who is out tries to secure one of them. [Dut. _poes_, puss; Ir. and Gael. _pus_, a cat.]

PUSTULE, pus't[=u]l, _n._ a small pimple containing pus: anything like a pustule, on plants or animals: a small blister.--_adjs._ PUS'T[=U]LAR, PUS'T[=U]LOUS, covered with pustules.--_v.t._ PUS'T[=U]L[=A]TE, to form into pustules.--_n._ PUST[=U]L[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _pustula_, a pimple.]

PUT, p[=oo]t, _v.t._ to push or thrust: to cast, throw: to drive into action: to throw suddenly, as a word: to set, lay, or deposit: to bring into any state or position: to offer: to propose: to express, state: to apply: to oblige: to incite: to add.--_v.i._ to place: to turn:--_pr.p._ putting (p[=oo]t'-); _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ put.--_n._ a push or thrust: a cast, throw, esp. of a heavy stone from the shoulder (see PUTTING): an attempt: a game at cards: a contract by which one person, in consideration of a certain sum of money paid to another, acquires the privilege of selling or delivering to the latter within a certain time certain securities or commodities, at a stipulated price (see OPTIONS).--_ns._ PUT'-OFF, -BY, an excuse, a makeshift, evasion; PUT'TER, one who puts.--PUT ABOUT, to change the course, as of a ship: to put to inconvenience, trouble: to publish; PUT AN END, or stop, to, to check, hinder: cause to discontinue; PUT AWAY, to renounce, to divorce; PUT BACK, to push backward: to delay: to say nay; PUT BY, to lay aside: to divert: to store up; PUT DOWN, to crush: to degrade: (_Shak._) to confute: to enter, as a name: (_rare_) to give up: to start for; PUT FOR, to set out vigorously towards a place; PUT FORTH, to extend: to propose: to publish: to exert: to depart; PUT IN, to introduce: to hand in: to appoint: to insert: to conduct a ship into a harbour; PUT IN FOR, to put in an application or claim for; PUT IN MIND, to bring to one's memory; PUT OFF, to lay aside: to baffle or frustrate: to defer or delay: to push from shore: (_Shak._) to discard; PUT ON, or UPON, to invest: to impute: to assume: to promote: to instigate: to impose upon: to hasten: to inflict: to deceive, trick: to foist or palm upon; PUT OUT, to expel, to extinguish: to place at interest: to extend: to publish: to disconcert: to offend: to expend: to dislocate; PUT OVER (_Shak._), to refer: to send: to defer: to place in authority; PUT THE CASE, PUT CASE, suppose the case to be; PUT THE HAND TO, to take hold of: to take or seize: to engage in (any affair); PUT THIS AND THAT TOGETHER, to infer from given premises; PUT THROUGH, to bring to an end: to accomplish; PUT TO, to apply, use: to add to: to bring or consign to; PUT TO DEATH, to kill; PUT TO IT, to press hard: to distress; PUT TO RIGHTS, to bring into proper order; PUT TO SEA, to set sail: to begin a voyage; PUT TO, or ON, TRIAL, to test: to try; PUT TWO AND TWO TOGETHER, to draw a conclusion from certain circumstances; PUT UP, to startle from a cover, as a hare: to put back to its ordinary place when not in use, as a sword: to accommodate with lodging: to nominate for election: (_with_) to bear without complaint: to take lodgings; PUT UP TO, to give information about, to instruct in. [A.S. _potian_, to push; prob. Celt., as Gael. _put_, W. _pwtio_.]

PUT, put, _n._ a rustic, simpleton. [Perh. W. _pwt_, _pytiau_, any short thing.]

PUT, put, _n._ a strumpet.--_ns._ P[=U]'T[=A]GE, a law phrase for a woman's fornication; P[=U]'TANISM, the habit of prostitution. [O. Fr. _pute_, a whore.]

PUTAMEN, p[=u]-t[=a]'men, _n._ the hard bony stone of some fruits--cherry, peach, &c.: the soft shell of an egg: the outer and darker portion of the lenticular nucleus of the brain. [L.,--_put[=a]re_, to prune.]

PUTATIVE, p[=u]'t[=a]-tiv, _adj._ supposed: reputed: commonly supposed to be.--_n._ PUT[=A]'TION, act of considering, estimation.--PUTATIVE MARRIAGE, a marriage prohibited by canon law, but entered into in good faith by at least one of the parties. [Fr.,--L. _putativus_--_put[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to suppose.]

PUTCHOCK, p[=oo]-chok', _n._ the fragrant costus-root, exported from India to China--a chief ingredient in the Chinese pastille-rod, commonly called _jostick_.--ALSO PUTCHUK'. [Perh. Telegu _p[=a]ch'ck[=a]ku_, 'green leaf;' or more prob. Malay.]

PUTEAL, p[=u]'t[=e]-al, _n._ a well-curb. [L.,--_puteus_, a well.]

PUTELI, put'e-li, _n._ a flat-bottomed Ganges boat.

PUTID, p[=u]'tid, _adj._ rotten: stinking: worthless.--_n._ P[=U]'TIDNESS. [L. _putidus_, putrid.]

PUT-LOG, put'-log, _n._ a cross-piece in a scaffolding, the inner end resting in a hole left in the wall.

PUTOIS, pü-twa', _n._ a brush of polecat's hair for pottery. [Fr.]

PUTOO, put'[=oo], _n._ a dish made of palmyra-nut meal, scraped coco-nut, &c.

PUTORIUS, p[=u]-t[=o]'ri-us, _n._ a large family of _Mustelidæ_, including weasels, stoats, polecats, ferrets, &c.

PUTREFY, p[=u]'tre-f[=i], _v.t._ to make putrid or rotten: to corrupt.--_v.i._ to become putrid: to rot:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ p[=u]'trefied.--_adjs._ P[=U]TRED'INOUS, having an offensive smell; PUTREF[=A]'CIENT (also _n._), PUTREFAC'TIVE, pertaining to or causing putrefaction.--_ns._ PUTREFAC'TION, the act or process of putrefying: rottenness: corruption; PUTREFAC'TIVENESS; PUTRES'CENCE.--_adjs._ PUTRES'CENT, becoming putrid: pertaining to putrefaction; P[=U]'TRID, in a state of decay: showing putrefaction: stinking: rotten: corrupt.--_ns._ PUTRID'ITY, P[=U]'TRIDNESS, state of being putrid: corrupt matter: rottenness: corruption.--_adj._ P[=U]'TRIFIABLE, liable to putrefy. [O. Fr. _putrefier_--L. _putrefac[)e]re_, to make putrid--_puter_, _putris_, rotten.]

PUTT, put, _v.i._ in golf, to play with a putter.--_n._ a short stroke made with a putter in attempting to hole a ball.--_ns._ PUTT'ER, one who throws a stone: one who takes coal along underground roads: a short, stiff golf-club used in putting; PUTT'ER-ON (_Shak._), an instigator; PUTT'ER-OUT (_obs._), one who deposited money on going abroad, on condition of receiving a larger sum on his return, the money to be forfeited in case of non-return; PUTT'ING, the act of hurling a heavy stone from the hand by a sudden push from the shoulder: the act of striking a golf-ball when near a hole, so as to cause it to fall into it; PUTT'ING-GREEN, the prepared ground immediately round a hole in a golf-course; PUTT'ING-STONE, a heavy stone raised by the hand and thrust forward from the shoulder, as a trial of strength and skill. [_Put._]

PUTTIES, put'tiz, _n.pl._ strips of cloth wound round the legs, from ankle to knee, as leggings.

PUTTOCK, p[=oo]t'ok, _n._ (_Shak._) a kite, a buzzard.

PUTTOO, put'[=oo], _n._ a cloth made in Cashmere from the longer and coarser wool of the goat.

PUTTY, put'i, _n._ an oxide of tin, or of lead and tin, used in polishing glass, &c.--_jewellers' putty_: a cement of whiting and linseed-oil, used in glazing windows: a fine cement of lime only--_plasterers' putty._--_v.t._ to fix or fill with putty:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ putt'ied.--_n._ PUTT'IER, a glazier.--_adj._ PUTT'Y-FACED, having a face resembling putty in pastiness or colour.--_ns._ PUTT'Y-KNIFE, a knife with a blunt, flexible blade for laying on putty; PUTT'Y-POW'DER, an artificially prepared oxide of tin used for polishing glass; PUTT'Y-ROOT, an American orchid the corm of whose root-stock contains a highly glutinous matter; PUTT'Y-WORK, decoration in a soft substance which grows very hard. [O. Fr. _potée_, properly that which is contained in a pot, Fr. _pot._]

PUT-UP, poot'-up, _adj._ speciously conceived, planned, or carried out. [_Put._]

PUTURE, p[=u]'t[=u]r, _n._ the claim to food for man, horse, and dog within the bounds of a forest, &c.--Also PUL'T[=U]RE. [O. Fr. _peulture_.]

PUXI, puk'si, _n._ the edible larvæ of various flies of the genus _Ephydra_, found in the alkali lakes of western North America. [Mex. Ind.]

PUY, pw[=e], _n._ one of the small volcanic cones in Auvergne, &c. [Fr.]

PUZZEL, puz'l, _n._ (_obs._) a drab. [Fr. _pucelle_.]

PUZZLE, puz'l, _n._ a difficulty to be solved: perplexity: something to try the ingenuity, as a toy or riddle.--_v.t._ to set a difficult question to: to pose: to perplex.--_v.i._ to be bewildered: to think long and carefully (with _out_, _over_).--_ns._ PUZZ'LEDOM (_coll._), bewilderment; PUZZ'LE-HEAD, one who is puzzle-headed.--_adj._ PUZZ'LE-HEAD'ED, having the head full of confused notions.--_ns._ PUZZ'LE-HEAD'EDNESS; PUZZ'LEMENT, the state of being puzzled; PUZZ'LE-MONK'EY (same as MONKEY-PUZZLE, q.v.); PUZZ'LE-PEG, a piece of wood so secured under a dog's jaw as to keep his nose from the ground; PUZZ'LER; PUZZ'LE-RING, a ring made of several small rings intricately linked together, capable of being taken apart and put together again.--_adj._ PUZZ'LING, posing: perplexing.--_adv._ PUZZ'LINGLY. [From M. E. _opposaile_ (Eng. _opposal_), an objection--_opposen_, _posen_. Cf. _Pose_ and _Oppose_.]

PUZZOLANA, puz-[=o]-lä'na, _n._ a loosely coherent volcanic sand found at _Pozzuoli_, near Naples, forming a hydraulic cement with ordinary lime.--Also PUZZOLÄ'NO, POZZUOLÄ'NA.

PYÆMIA, PYEMIA, p[=i]-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a disease caused by the introduction into the blood of decomposing matter, from pus, &c.--_adjs._ PYÆ'MIC, PY[=E]'MIC. [Gr. _pyon_, pus, _haima_, blood.]

PYCNID, pik'nid, _n._ a special receptacle in ascomycetous fungi, resembling a perithecium, in which stylospores or pycnospores are produced--also PYCNID'IUM.--_n._ PYC'NOSPORE, a stylospore. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick.]

PYCNITE, pik'n[=i]t, _n._ a columnar variety of topaz.

PYCNOGONIDA, pik-n[=o]-gon'i-da, _n.pl._ a division of marine arthropods, the sea-spiders.--_adj._ PYCNOG'ONOID. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _gony_, the knee.]

PYCNOMETER, pik-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for determining the specific gravity of solid bodies. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _metron_, measure.]

PYCNON, pik'non, _n._ (_mus._) a small interval in Greek music, a quarter-tone: in medieval music, a semi-tone. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick.]

PYCNOSTYLE, pik'n[=o]-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) noting a lower degree of intercolumniation, usually 1½ diameters. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _stylos_, a column.]

PYEBALD. See PIEBALD.

PYELITIS, p[=i]-e-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney--also _Endonephritis_.--_adjs._ PYELIT'IC; PYELONEPHRIT'IC.--_n._ PYELONEPHR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. [Gr. _pyelos_, the pelvis, _nephros_, the kidney.]

PYENGADU, p[=i]-eng'ga-d[=oo], _n._ a large acacia-like tree of Burma, India, &c., with reddish-brown wood of great heaviness and hardness.--Also PYN'KADO.

PYGAL, p[=i]'gal, _adj._ belonging to the rump or posteriors of an animal.--_n._ the posterior median or supracaudal plate of a chelonian carapace.--_n._ PY'GARG, a kind of antelope: the osprey or sea-eagle. [Gr. _pyg[=e]_, the rump, _argos_, white.]

PYGMY, PIGMY, pig'mi, _n._ one of a fabulous dwarfish race of antiquity: a dwarf: any diminutive thing: one of several pygmy races in equatorial Africa and elsewhere: one of the ancient diminutive dwellers in underground houses, &c., in whom David MacRitchie sees the historical originals of the fairies and elves of folklore.--_adj._ resembling a pygmy: very small.--_adj._ PYGM[=E]'AN, dwarfish: diminutive. [O. Fr. _pigme_, _pygme_--L. _Pygmæi_--Gr. _Pygmaioi_, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) _pygm[=e]_--13½ in. long--_pygm[=e]_, fist.]

PYGOPUS, p[=i]'g[=o]-pus, _n._ a genus of Australian lizards.

PYGOSTYLE, p[=i]'g[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ the vomer or ploughshare bone of a bird's tail.--_adj._ PY'GOSTYLED. [Gr. _pyg[=e]_, the rump, _stylos_, a column.]

PYJAMAS, pe-jä'maz, _n.pl._ loose drawers or trousers tied round the waist, in India, used also by Europeans.--Also PAIJÄ'MAS, PAJÄ'MAS. [Hind. _p[=a]ëj[=a]ma_, lit. 'leg-clothing.']

PYLON, p[=i]'lon, _n._ a gateway to an Egyptian temple: the mass of building through which the gateway was pierced. [Gr. _pyl[=o]n_--_pyl[=e]_, a gate.]

PYLORUS, pi-l[=o]'rus, _n._ the lower opening of the stomach leading to the intestines.--_adj._ PYLOR'IC. [L.,--Gr. _pyl[=o]ros_--_pyl[=e]_, an entrance, _ouros_, a guardian.]

PYOGENESIS, p[=i]-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the formation of pus.--_adjs._ PYOGENET'IC, PYOGEN'IC, PY'OID.--_ns._ PYOPOI[=E]'SIS, suppuration; PYOP'TYSIS, expectoration of pus; PYORRH[=E]'A, purulent discharge; PY[=O]'SIS, the formation of pus.

PYRAMID, pir'a-mid, _n._ a solid figure on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, with triangular sides meeting in a point: (_pl._) 'the Pyramids,' or great monuments of Egypt: a game played on a billiard-table in which the balls are arranged in pyramid shape.--_adjs._ PYRAM'IDAL, PYRAMID'IC, -AL, having the form of a pyramid.--_advs._ PYRAM'IDALLY, PYRAMID'ICALLY.--_ns._ PYRAMID'ICALNESS; PYRAMID'ION, the small pyramidal apex of an obelisk; PYRAM'IDIST, one versed in the history of the Pyramids; PYR'AMIS (_Shak._), a pyramid:--_pl._ PYRAM'IDES.--_adjs._ PYR'AMOID, PYRAM'IDOID. [L.,--Gr. _pyramis_, _pyramidos_; prob. Egypt. _pir-em-us_. Some connection with Gr. _pyr_, fire.]

PYRAMIDON, pi-ram'i-don, _n._ in organ-building a stop having wooden pipes in the form of an inverted pyramid, giving very deep notes somewhat like those of a stopped diapason.

PYRARGYRITE, p[=i]-rar'ji-r[=i]t, _n._ an ore of silver consisting of the sulphide of silver and antimony. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _argyros_, silver.]

PYRE, p[=i]r, _n._ a pile of wood, &c., on which a dead body is burned.--_adj._ PYR'AL. [L.,--Gr.,--_pyr_, fire.]

PYRENE, p[=i]'r[=e]n, _n._ a stone or putamen.--_n._ PYR[=E]'NOCARP, any drupaceous fruit.--_adjs._ PYR[=E]'NOID, globular, nucleiform; PYR[=E]'NOUS. [Gr. _pyr[=e]n_.]

PYRENE, p[=i]'r[=e]n, _n._ a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar.

PYRENEAN, pir-[=e]-n[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Pyrenees_, the range of mountains between France and Spain.--_n._ PYREN[=E]'ITE, a grayish-black garnet. [L. _Pyrenæi_ (_montes_), the Pyrenees.]

PYRENOMYCETES, p[=i]-r[=e]-n[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'tez, _n.pl._ an order of ascomycetous fungi, including ergot, black-rot, &c. [Gr. _pyren_, a stone, _myk[=e]s_, pl. _myc[=e]tes_, a mushroom.]

PYRETHRUM, pir-eth'rum, _n._ a genus of plants containing the fever-few, or golden-feather, so much used in gardens as a bordering. [L.,--Gr.,--_pyr_, fire.]

PYRETIC, p[=i]-ret'ik, _adj._ pertaining to fever.--_n._ a remedy for fever.--_ns._ PYRETOL'OGY, the science of fevers; PYREX'IA, fever.--_adjs._ PYREX'IAL, PYREX'IC. [Gr. _pyrektikos_--_pyretos_, fever--_pyr_, fire.]

PYRGOIDAL, pir-goi'dal, _adj._ tower-shaped. [Gr., _pyrgos_, a tower.]

PYRHELIOMETER, pir-h[=e]-li-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the intensity of the sun.--_adj._ PYRHELIOMET'RIC. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _h[=e]lios_, sun, _metron_, measure.]

PYRIFORM, pir'i-form, _adj._ pear-shaped. [L. _pirum_, a pear, _forma_, form.]

PYRITE, p[=i]'r[=i]t, _n._ native iron disulphide of a pale-yellow colour and very hard--also IRON PYRITES.--COPPER PYRITES, yellow sulphide of copper and iron. [L.,--Gr. _pyrites_, a flint--_pyr_, fire.]

PYRITEGIUM, pir-i-t[=e]'ji-um, _n._ the curfew-bell. [Low L.]

PYRITES, pir-[=i]'t[=e]z, _n._ a term applied to a large class of mineral compounds of metals with sulphur, or with arsenic, or with both--crystalline, hard, generally brittle, and frequently yellow.--_adjs._ PYRIT[=A]'CEOUS; PYRIT'IC, -AL; PYRITIF'EROUS.--_v.t._ PYR'ITISE, to convert into pyrites.--_n._ PYRITOL'OGY, knowledge of pyrites.--_adj._ PYR'ITOUS. [L.,--Gr. _pyr_, fire.]

PYRITOHEDRON, p[=i]-r[=i]-t[=o]-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a pentagonal dodecahedron.--_adj._ PYRITOH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _pyrit[=e]s_, pyrites, _hedra_, a seat.]

PYRO-ACETIC, p[=i]'r[=o]-a-set'ik, _adj._ relating to acetic acid under heat.

PYROBALLOGY, p[=i]-r[=o]-bal'[=o]-ji, _n._ the art of throwing fire: (_Sterne_) the science of artillery. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _ballein_, to throw, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

PYROCLASTIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-klas'tik, _adj._ formed by volcanic agencies. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _klastos_, broken.]

PYRO-ELECTRICITY, p[=i]'r[=o]-e-lek-tris'i-ti, _n._ that branch of electricity which deals with electrification as produced by change of temperature in certain crystallised bodies.--_adj._ PY'RO-ELEC'TRIC.

PYROGALLIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-gal'ik, _adj._ obtained from gallic acid by the action of heat.

PYROGEN, p[=i]'r[=o]-jen, _n._ any substance which causes fever when introduced into the blood.--_adjs._ PYROGENET'IC, PYROG'ENOUS, producing fire: produced by fire; PYROGEN'IC, producing fever. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, root of _gignesthai_, to become.]

PYROGNOMIC, p[=i]-rog-nom'ik, _adj._ becoming incandescent when heated to a certain degree. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, a mark.]

PYROGNOSTIC, p[=i]-rog-nos'tik, _adj._ pertaining to fire or heat. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _gn[=o]stikos_, knowing.]

PYROGRAPHY, p[=i]-rog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of producing a design on wood by applying heat and pressure. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _graphein_, to write.]

PYROGRAVURE, p[=i]-r[=o]-gr[=a]-v[=u]r', _n._ a method of engraving on wood by a red-hot metallic point: a picture so produced.

PYROLA, p[=i]'r[=o]-la, _n._ a genus of plants of the heath kind, called also _Wintergreen_: a single plant of this genus. [L., dim. of _pirus_, a pear-tree.]

PYROLATRY, p[=i]-rol'a-tri, _n._ fire-worship.--_n._ PYROL'ATER, a fire-worshipper. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _latreia_, worship.]

PYROLETER, p[=i]-rol'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a fire-extinguishing chemical apparatus by which carbonic acid is generated and thrown on the fire. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _olet[=e]r_, destroyer--_ollynai_, to destroy.]

PYROLIGNEOUS, p[=i]-r[=o]-lig'ne-us, _adj._ procured by the distillation of wood--applied to a kind of acetic acid.--Also PYROLIG'NIC, PYROLIG'NOUS.

PYROLOGY, p[=i]-r[=o]l-[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of heat: a treatise on heat.--_n._ PYROL'OGIST. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _logos_, discourse.]

PYROLUSITE, p[=i]-r[=o]-l[=u]'s[=i]t, _n._ native manganese dioxide.

PYROMAGNETIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-mag-net'ik, _adj._ pertaining to magnetism as modified by the action of heat.

PYROMANCY, p[=i]'r[=o]-man-si, _n._ divination by fire.--_adj._ PYROMAN'TIC. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _manteia_, divination.]

PYROMANIA, p[=i]-r[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for destroying things by fire: insanity which takes this form.--_n._ PYROM[=A]'NIAC.--_adjs._ PYROM[=A]'NIAC, -AL.

PYROMETAMORPHISM, p[=i]-r[=o]-met-a-mor'fizm, _n._ metamorphism due to heat, as opp. to _Hydrometamorphism_, that due to water.

PYROMETER, p[=i]-rom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument in the form of a metallic bar for measuring the temperature of bodies under heat.--_adjs._ PYROMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ PYROM'ETRY, the science or art of measuring degrees of heat beyond the compass of the mercurial thermometer. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _metron_, a measure.]

PYROMORPHOUS, p[=i]-r[=o]-mor'fus, _adj._ assuming a crystallised form after fusion by heat. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _morph[=e]_, form.]

PYRONOMICS, p[=i]-r[=o]-nom'iks, _n._ the science of heat.

PYROPE, p[=i]'r[=o]p, _n._ a gem nearly allied to garnet, of a deep-red colour and translucent, generally occurring in roundish grains. [Gr. _pyr[=o]pos_, fiery-eyed--_pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _[=o]ps_, _opos_, the face.]

PYROPHANOUS, p[=i]-rof'a-nus, _adj._ made transparent by heat.--_n._ PY'ROPH[=A]NE, an opal translucent while hot by melted wax. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _phainein_, to show.]

PYROPHONE, p[=i]'r[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ a musical instrument invented by Eugene Kastner (1873), in which the tones are produced by means of burning jets of hydrogen enclosed in graduated glass tubes. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

PYROPHORUS, p[=i]-rof'[=o]-rus, _n._ a substance which takes fire on exposure to air: a genus of elaterid beetles.--_n._ PY'ROPH[=O]RE, any composition which takes fire on exposure to air or water.--_adjs._ PYROPHOR'IC, PYROPH'OROUS. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _pherein_, to carry.]

PYROPHOSPHORIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-fos-for'ik, _adj._ formed by heating phosphoric acid.

PYROPHOTOGRAPHY, p[=i]-r[=o]-f[=o]-tog'ra-fi, _n._ any photographic process in which heat is applied to fix the picture.

PYROSCOPE, p[=i]'r[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring the intensity of radiating heat. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _skopein_, to view.]

PYROSILVER, p[=i]-r[=o]-sil'v[.e]r, _n._ electroplated ware in which the silver is made to sink into the pores of the plated baser metal by the action of heat.

PYROSIS, p[=i]-r[=o]'sis, _n._ water-brash (q.v.). [Gr.,--_pyr_, fire.]

PYROSOMA, p[=i]-r[=o]-s[=o]'ma, _n._ a genus of compound Tunicates, with brilliant phosphorescence, inhabiting the Mediterranean and the Atlantic--fire-flames. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _s[=o]ma_, body.]

PYROSTAT, p[=i]'r[=o]-stat, _n._ an automatic draught-regulator for chimney-stacks, smoke-pipes, &c. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _statos_--_histanai_, to stand.]

PYROSULPHURIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-sul-f[=u]'rik, _adj._ obtained from sulphuric acid by the action of heat.

PYROTECHNICS, p[=i]-r[=o]-tek'niks, _n._ the art of making fireworks: the use and application of fireworks--also PY'ROTECHNY.--_adjs._ PYROTECH'NIC, -AL, pertaining to fireworks.--_n._ PYROTECH'NIST, a maker of fireworks: one skilled in pyrotechny. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _technikos_, artistic--_techn[=e]_, art.]

PYROTIC, p[=i]-rot'ik, _adj._ burning: caustic.--_n._ a caustic medicine. [Gr. _pyr[=o]tikos_--_pyr_, _pyros_, fire.]

PYROXENE, p[=i]'rok-s[=e]n, _n._ an important mineral species, occurring in monoclinic crystals.--_adj._ PYROXEN'IC. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _xenos_, a guest.]

PYROXYLIC, p[=i]-rok-sil'ik, _adj._ obtained by distilling wood.--_ns._ PYROX'YLE, PYROX'YLIN, -E, gun-cotton.--PYROXYLIC SPIRIT, a mixture of acetone, methyl-alcohol, acetate of methyl, &c., obtained by the destructive distillation of wood in the manufacture of pyroligneous acid. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _xylon_, wood.]

PYRRHIC, pir'ik, _n._ a kind of war-dance among the ancient Greeks: a poetical foot consisting of two short syllables.--_adj._ pertaining to the dance or to the poetical foot.--_n._ PYR'RHICIST, one who dances the pyrrhic. [Gr. _pyrrhich[=e]_ (_orch[=e]sis_), a kind of war-dance, so called from _Pyrrhichos_, the inventor.]

PYRRHIC, pir'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Pyrrhus_, king of Epirus (318-272 B.C.).--PYRRHIC VICTORY, a victory gained at too great a cost, in allusion to Pyrrhus's exclamation after his victory of Asculum (279), 'Another such victory and we are lost!'

PYRRHONIST, pir'r[=o]-nist, _n._ one who holds the tenets of _Pyrrho_, a philosopher of Elis (360-270 B.C.), who taught universal scepticism: a sceptic.--_adjs._ PYRRH[=O]'NEAN, PYRRHON'IC.--_n._ PYR'RHONISM, scepticism.

PYRRHOUS, pir'us, _adj._ reddish. [Gr.]

PYRUS, p[=i]'rus, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order _Rosaceæ_, sub-order _Pomeæ_. [L. _pyrus_, for _pirus_, a pear-tree.]

PYTHAGOREAN, pi-thag-[=o]-r[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Pythagoras_ (_c._ 532 B.C.), a celebrated Greek philosopher, or to his philosophy.--_n._ a follower of Pythagoras.--_ns._ PYTHAG'ORISM, PYTHAGOR[=E]'ANISM, his doctrines.--PYTHAGOREAN PROPOSITION, the 47th proposition of Euclid, Book I., said to have been discovered by Pythagoras; PYTHAGOREAN SYSTEM, the astronomical system of Copernicus, erroneously attributed to Pythagoras; PYTHAGOREAN TRIANGLE, a triad of whole numbers proportional to the sides of a right-angled triangle--e.g. 3, 4, 5.

PYTHIAN, pith'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pythia_, the priestess of Apollo at Delphi, who delivered the oracles of the god there: noting one of the four national festivals of ancient Greece, in honour of Apollo, held every four years at Delphi.--PYTHIAN VERSE, the dactylic hexameter.

PYTHOGENIC, p[=i]-th[=o]-jen'ik, _adj._ produced by filth.--_n._ PYTHOGEN'ESIS. [Gr. _pythein_, to rot, root of _gignesthai_, to become.]

PYTHOMETRIC, p[=i]-th[=o]-met'rik, _adj._ pertaining to the gauging of casks. [Gr. _pithos_, a wine-jar, _metron_, a measure.]

PYTHON, p[=i]'thon, _n._ a genus of serpents of the boa family, all natives of the Old World, and differing from the true boas by having the plates on the under surface of the tail double: a demon, spirit.--_n._ PY'THONESS, the priestess of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, in Greece: a witch.--_adj._ PYTHON'IC, pretending to foretell future events, like the Pythoness: prophetic: like a python.--_ns._ PY'THONISM, the art of predicting events by divination; PY'THONIST. [Gr. _Pyth[=o]n_, the serpent slain near Delphi by Apollo.]

PYX, piks, _n._ (_R.C._) the sacred box in which the host is kept after consecration: the box at the British Mint containing sample coins.--_v.t._ to test the weight and fineness of, as the coin deposited in the pyx.--TRIAL OF THE PYX, final trial by weight and assay of the gold and silver coins of the United Kingdom, prior to their issue from the Mint. [L. _pyxis_, a box--Gr. _pyxis_--_pyxos_ (L. _buxus_), the box-tree.]

PYXIDIUM, pik-sid'i-um, _n._ (_bot._) a pod or seed-vessel which opens in two halves, the upper one resembling a lid. [Gr. _pyxidion_, dim. of _pyxis_.]

* * * * *

Q the seventeenth letter of our alphabet--absent from the Anglo-Saxon alphabet, in which the sound was expressed by _cw_; in Scotland replacing _hw_, now always followed by _u_: Roman numeral=500.

QUA, kwä, _adv._ as far as. [L.]

QUAB, QUOB, kwob, _v.i._ (_obs._) to tremble.

QUACK, kwak, _v.i._ to cry like a duck: to boast: to practise as a quack.--_v.t._ to doctor by quackery.--_n._ the cry of a duck: a boastful pretender to skill which he does not possess, esp. medical skill: a mountebank.--_adj._ pertaining to quackery: used by quacks.--_n._ QUACK'ERY, the pretensions or practice of a quack, esp. in medicine.--_adj._ QUACK'ISH, like a quack: boastful: trickish.--_n._ QUACK'ISM.--_v.i._ QUACK'LE (_rare_), to quack, croak.--_n._ QUACK'SALVER, a quack who deals in salves, ointments, &c.: a quack generally.--_adj._ QUACK'SALVING. [Imit.; cf. Ger. _quaken_, Dut. _kwaken_, Gr. _koax_, a croak.]

QUAD, kwod, _n._ a quadrangle: (_slang_) a prison.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to put in prison.--Also QUOD. [_Quadrangle._]

QUAD, kwod, _n._ (_print._) an abbreviation of _quadrat_.--_v.t._ to fill with quadrats.

QUADRA, kwod'ra, _n._ a frame enclosing a bas-relief:--_pl._ QUAD'RÆ (-[=e]). [L. _quadrus_, square.]

QUADRAGENARIAN, kwod-ra-j[=e]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ consisting of forty: forty years old.--_n._ QUAD'RAGENE, an indulgence for forty days.

QUADRAGESIMA, kwod-ra-jes'i-ma, _n._ the Latin name for the whole season of Lent, with its forty days: the name commonly assigned to the first Sunday in Lent, by analogy with the three Sundays which precede Lent--Septuagesima, Sexagesima, and Quinquagesima.--_adj._ QUADRAGES'IMAL, belonging to or used in Lent. [L.--_quadragesimus_, fortieth--_quadraginta_, forty--_quatuor_, four.]

QUADRANGLE, kwod'rang-gl, _n._ a square surrounded by buildings: (_geom._) a plane figure having four equal sides and angles: in the jargon of palmistry, the space between the line of the heart and that of the head.--_adj._ QUADRANG'ULAR, of the form of a quadrangle.--_adv._ QUADRANG'ULARLY. [Fr.,--L. _quadrangulum_--_quatuor_, four, _angulus_, an angle.]

QUADRANS, kwod'ranz, _n._ a Roman copper coin, the fourth part of the _as_:--_pl._ QUADRAN'TES. [L.]

QUADRANT, kwod'rant, _n._ (_geom._) the fourth part of a circle, or an arc of 90°: an instrument used in astronomy for the determination of angular measurements: an instrument of navigation for measuring the altitude of the sun.--_adj._ QUADRANT'AL, pertaining to, equal to, or included in a quadrant. [L. _quadrans_, from _quatuor_, four.]

QUADRAT, kwod'rat, _n._ a piece of type-metal lower than the letters, used in spacing between words and filling out blank lines (commonly QUAD)--distinguished as _en_ ([En quadrat]), _em_ ([Em quadrat]), _two-em_ ([Two-Em quadrat]), and _three-em_ ([Three-Em quadrat]).

QUADRATE, kwod'r[=a]t, _adj._ squared: having four equal sides and four right angles: divisible into four equal parts: (_fig._) balanced: exact: suited.--_n._ a square or quadrate figure: the quadrate bone, that between the lower jaw and the cranium in birds and reptiles, suspending the lower jaw.--_v.i._ to square or agree with: to correspond.--_adj._ QUADRAT'IC, pertaining to, containing, or denoting a square.--_n._ (_alg._) an equation in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is the second: an old instrument for measuring latitudes: (_pl._) that branch of algebra which treats of quadratic equations.--_adj._ QUADRATIF'EROUS, having a distinct quadrate bone.--_ns._ QUADR[=A]'TRIX, a curve by which may be found straight lines equal to the circumference of circles or other curves; QUAD'R[=A]TURE, a squaring: (_geom._) the finding, exactly or approximately, of a square that shall be equal to a given figure of some other shape: the position of a heavenly body when 90° distant from another: (_Milt._) a square space; QUADR[=A]'TUS, the _quadratus femoris_, or square muscle of the femur in man, the _quadratus lumborum_, that of the loins, the _depressor labii inferioris_, that of the chin, which draws down the upper lip.--QUADRATURE OF THE CIRCLE, the problem of squaring the circle, insoluble both by the arithmetical and the geometrical method.--METHOD OF QUADRATURES, the name applied to any arithmetical method of determining the area of a curve. [O. Fr. _quadrat_--L. _quadratus_, pa.p. of _quadr[=a]re_, to square--_quatuor_, four.]

QUADREL, kwod'rel, _n._ a square stone, brick, or tile: a square piece of turf.

QUADRENNIAL, kwod-ren'yal, _adj._ comprising four years: once in four years.--_adv._ QUADRENN'IALLY.--_ns._ QUADRENN'IATE, QUADRENN'IUM, QUADRIENN'IUM, a period of four years. [L. _quadrennis_--_quatuor_, four, _annus_, a year.]

QUADRIC, kwod'rik, _adj._ (_alg._) of the second degree, quadratic--esp. in solid geometry and where there are more than two variables.--_n._ QUAD'RICONE, a quadric cone.

QUADRICENTENNIAL, kwod-ri-sen-ten'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a period of 400 years.--_n._ the 400th anniversary of an event or its celebration.

QUADRICEPS, kwod'ri-seps, _n._ the great muscle which extends the leg upon the thigh.--_adj._ QUADRICIP'ITAL. [L. _quatuor_, four, _caput_, head.]

QUADRICORN, kwod'ri-korn, _adj._ and _n._ having four horns, antennæ, &c.--Also QUADRICORN'OUS.

QUADRICYCLE, kwod'ri-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a four-wheeled vehicle propelled by the feet. [L. _quatuor_, four, Low L. _cyclus_--Gr. _kyklos_, a circle.]

QUADRIDENTATE, kwod-ri-den't[=a]t, _adj._ having four teeth. QUADRIDIGITATE, kwod-ri-dij'i-t[=a]t, _adj._ having four digits: quadrisulcate.

QUADRIFID, kwod'ri-fid, _adj._ four-cleft.

QUADRIFOLIATE, kwod-ri-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, _adj._ four-leaved.

QUADRIFORM, kwod'ri-form, _adj._ fourfold in form, arrangement, &c.

QUADRIGA, kwod-r[=i]'ga, _n._ in Greek and Roman times a two-wheeled car drawn by four horses abreast:--_pl._ QUADR[=I]'GÆ. [L., a contr. of _quadrijugæ_--_quatuor_, four, _jugum_, a yoke.]

QUADRIGEMINOUS, kwod-ri-jem'i-nus, _adj._ fourfold, having four similar parts.--Also QUADRIGEM'INAL, QUADRIGEM'IN[=A]TE.

QUADRIGENARIOUS, kwod-ri-j[=e]-n[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ consisting of four hundred.

QUADRIJUGATE, kwod-ri-j[=oo]'g[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) pinnate with four pairs of leaflets.--Also QUADRIJU'GOUS.

QUADRILATERAL, kwod-ri-lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ having four sides.--_n._ (_geom._) a plane figure having four sides: the four fortresses--Mantua, Verona, Peschiera, and Legnago--which form the points of a quadrilateral.--_n._ QUADRILAT'ERALNESS. [L. _quadrilaterus_--_quatuor_, four, _latus_, _lateris_, a side.]

QUADRILITERAL, kwod-ri-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ of four letters.--_n._ a word or a root having four letters. [L. _quatuor_, four, _litera_, a letter.]

QUADRILLE, kwa-dril', _n._ a square dance for four couples, consisting of five movements: music for such square dances: a game played by four with forty cards.--_v.i._ to play at quadrille: to dance quadrilles. [Fr.,--Sp. _cuadra_, a square--L. _quadra_, a square--_quatuor_, four.]

QUADRILLION, kwod-ril'yun, _n._ a million raised to the fourth power, represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers. [Coined from L. _quater_, four times, on the model of _million_.]

QUADRILOBATE, kwod-ri-l[=o]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having four lobes or lobules.--Also QUAD'RILOBED.

QUADRILOCULAR, kwod-ri-lok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having four cells, cavities, or compartments.

QUADRIMANOUS, kwod-rim'a-nus, _adj._ Same as QUADRUMANOUS.

QUADRINOMIAL, kwod-ri-n[=o]'mi-al, _adj._ (_alg._) consisting of four divisions or terms.--_n._ an expression of four terms. [L. _quatuor_, four, Gr. _nom[=e]_, a division--_nemein_, to distribute.]

QUADRIPARTITE, kwod-ri-par't[=i]t, _adj._ divided into four parts: (_bot._) deeply cleft into four parts, as a leaf: (_archit._) divided, as a vault, into four compartments.--_n._ a treatise divided into four parts.--_adv._ QUADRIPAR'TITELY.--_n._ QUADRIPARTI'TION. [L.,--_quatuor_, four, _part[=i]re_, _-[=i]tum_, to divide.]

QUADRIPENNATE, kwod-ri-pen'[=a]t, _adj._ and _n._ having four wings.

QUADRIPHYLLOUS, kwod-ri-fil'us, _adj._ having four leaves.

QUADRIREME, kwod'ri-r[=e]m, _n._ a galley with four benches of oars. [L. _quadriremis_--_quatuor_, four, _remus_, an oar.]

QUADRISECTION, kwod-ri-sek'shun, _n._ a division into four equal parts. [L. _quatuor_, four, _sec[=a]re_, _sectum_, to cut.]

QUADRISYLLABLE, kwod-ri-sil'a-bl _n._ a word consisting of four syllables.--_adjs._ QUADRISYLLAB'IC, -AL. [L. _quatuor_, four, _syllaba_, a syllable.]

QUADRIVALVULAR, kwod-ri-val'v[=u]-lar, _adj._ having four valves or valvular parts.--Also QUAD'RIVALVE.

QUADRIVIUM, kwod-riv'i-um, _n._ the Pythagorean name for the four branches of mathematics--_arithmetic_, _music_, _geometry_, _astronomy_--when preceded by the trivium of _grammar_, _logic_, and _rhetoric_--together making up the seven liberal arts taught in the schools of the Roman Empire.--_adjs._ QUADRIV'IAL, QUADRIV'IOUS. [L., 'the place where four roads meet'--L. _quatuor_, four, _via_, a way.]

QUADROON, kwod-r[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a mulatto and a white person, one 'quarter-blooded.'--Also QUARTEROON'. [Sp. _cuarteron_--_cuarto_, a fourth.]

QUADRUMANE, kwod'r[=oo]-m[=a]n, _n._ one of the QUADRU'MANA, an order of mammalia having four hands, or four feet, with an opposable thumb--also QUAD'RUMAN.--_adj._ QUADRU'MANOUS, having four hands. [L. _quatuor_, four, _manus_, a hand.]

QUADRUPED, kwod'r[=oo]-ped, _n._ a four-footed animal.--_adjs._ QUAD'RUPED, -AL, having four feet.--_n._ QUAD'RUPEDISM, the state of being a quadruped. [L. _quatuor_, four, _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]

QUADRUPLE, kwod'r[=oo]-pl, _adj._ fourfold.--_n._ four times the quantity or number.--_v.t._ to increase fourfold.--_v.i._ to become four times as many.--_n._ QUAD'RUPLET, any combination of four things--also QUART'ET: one of four born at a birth.--_adj._ QUAD'RUPLEX, fourfold, esp. of a telegraphic system capable of sending four messages, two in each direction, simultaneously over one wire.--_n._ an instrument of this kind.--_v.t._ to arrange for quadruplex transmission.--_adj._ QUADRU'PLICATE, fourfold.--_n._ one of four corresponding things.--_v.t._ to make fourfold.--_ns._ QUADRUPLIC[=A]'TION; QUADRU'PLIC[=A]TURE; QUADRUPLIC'ITY.--_adv._ QUAD'RUPLY, in a fourfold manner.--QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE, a league formed in 1718 between England, France, Austria, and Holland to counteract the ambitious schemes of Alberoni. [Fr.,--L. _quadruplus_--_quatuor_, four.]

QUÆSITUM, kw[=e]-s[=i]'tum, _n._ something sought or required:--_pl._ QUÆS[=I]'TA. [L. neut. of _quæsitus_, pa.p. of _quær[)e]re_, to seek.]

QUÆSTOR, kw[=e]s'tor, _n._ a magistrate with charge of the Roman public funds--originally who investigated cases of murder and executed sentence: in the Middle Ages an officer who announced indulgences: a treasurer--also QUES'TOR.--_ns._ QUÆS'TORSHIP, QUES'TORSHIP. [L.,--_quærere_, _quæsitum_, to seek.]

QUAFF, kwaf, _v.t._ to drink in large draughts.--_v.i._ to drink largely.--_n._ QUAFF'ER. [_Quach_, _quaich_,--Gael. and Ir. _cuach_, a bowl.]

QUAG, kwag, _n._ a quagmire (q.v.).--_adj._ QUAGG'Y, spongy, boggy.

QUAGGA, kwag'a, _n._ one of the three species of striped wild horses, or more properly wild asses, peculiar to Africa, of which the zebra is the type. [Hottentot.]

QUAGMIRE, kwag'm[=i]r, _n._ wet, boggy ground that yields under the feet.--_v.t._ to entangle, as in a quagmire.--_adj._ QUAG'MIRY. [_Quake_ and _mire_.]

QUAHOG, kwa-hog', _n._ the common round clam of the North American Atlantic coast.--Also QUAHAUG'. [Amer. Ind. _poquauhock_.]

QUAID, kw[=a]d, _adj._ (_Spens._) quelled, crushed.

QUAIGH, kw[=a]h, _n._ (_Scot._) a kind of drinking-cup, usually made of wood. [Gael. _cuach_, a cup.]

QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _v.i._ to cower: to fail in spirit: (_Shak._) to slacken.--_v.t._ to subdue: to terrify.--_n._ QUAIL'ING (_Shak._), act of one who quails: a failing in courage. [A.S. _cwelan_, to die; Ger. _quälen_, to suffer.]

QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _n._ a small gallinaceous bird, related to the partridge family: (_Shak._) a whore.--_ns._ QUAIL'-CALL, -PIPE, a call for alluring quails into a net. [O. Fr. _quaille_--Low L. _quaquila_--Old Dut. _quakele_; cf. Low Ger. _quackel_, and _Quack_.]

QUAINT, kw[=a]nt, _adj._ unusual: odd: whimsical: (_obs._) prim, affectedly nice: fine: (_Shak._) clever.--_adv._ QUAINT'LY.--_n._ QUAINT'NESS. [O. Fr. _coint_--L. _cognitus_, known. Some confusion with L. _comptus_, neat, is probable.]

QUAKE, kw[=a]k, _v.i._ to tremble, esp. with cold or fear: to tremble from want of firmness.--_v.t._ to cause to tremble:--_pr.p._ qu[=a]'king; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ qu[=a]ked.--_n._ a shake: a shudder.--_ns._ QU[=A]'KINESS; QU[=A]'KING; QU[=A]'KING-GRASS, a native grass of the genus _Briza_, so called from the tremulous motion of its spikelets.--_adv._ QU[=A]'KINGLY.--_adj._ QU[=A]'KY, shaky. [A.S. _cwacian_; perh. allied to _quick_.]

QUAKER, kw[=a]'k[.e]r, _n._ one of the Society of Friends, a religious sect founded by George Fox (1624-90): a dummy cannon: a collector's name for certain noctuoid moths.--_n._ QU[=A]'KER-BIRD, the sooty albatross.--_n.pl._ QU[=A]'KER-BUTT'ONS, the round seeds of _nux vomica_.--_ns._ QU[=A]'KER-COL'OUR, drab; QU[=A]'KERDOM, the Quakers as a class; QU[=A]'KERESS, a female Quaker.--_adjs._ QU[=A]'KERISH, QU[=A]'KERLY, like a Quaker.--_n._ QU[=A]'KERISM, the tenets of the Quakers.--STEWED QUAKER, molasses or honey, with butter and vinegar, taken hot against colds. [The nickname Quakers was first given them by Judge Bennet at Derby, because Fox bade him and those present _quake_ at the word of the Lord.]

QUALIFY, kwol'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to render capable or suitable: to furnish with legal power: to limit by modifications: to soften: to abate: to reduce the strength of: to vary: (_Scots law_) to prove, confirm.--_v.i._ to take the necessary steps to fit one's self for a certain position.--_adj._ QUAL'IFIABLE.--_ns._ QUALIFIC[=A]'TION, that which qualifies: a quality that fits a person for a place, &c.: (_logic_) the attaching of quality, or the distinction of affirmative and negative, to a term: abatement: (_Shak._) pacification; QUAL'IFIC[=A]TIVE, that which qualifies, modifies, or restricts: a qualifying term or statement; QUAL'IFIC[=A]TOR (_R.C._), one who prepares ecclesiastical causes for trial.--_adj._ QUAL'IFIC[=A]TORY.--_p.adj._ QUAL'IFIED, fitted: competent: modified: limited.--_adv._ QUAL'IFIEDLY.--_ns._ QUAL'IFIEDNESS; QUAL'IFIER.--_adj._ QUAL'IFYING.--PROPERTY QUALIFICATION, the holding of a certain amount of property as a condition to the right of suffrage, &c. [Fr.,--Low L. _qualific[=a]re_--L. _qualis_, of what sort, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

QUALITY, kwol'i-ti, _n._ that which makes a thing what it is: property: peculiar power: acquisition: character: rank: superior birth or character: (_logic_) the character of a proposition as affirmative or negative: (_Shak._) character in respect to dryness or moisture, heat or cold: (_Shak._) cause, occasion.--_adj._ QUAL'IT[=A]TIVE, relating to quality: (_chem._) determining the nature of components.--_adv._ QUAL'IT[=A]TIVELY.--_adj._ QUAL'ITIED, furnished with qualities.--ACCIDENTAL QUALITY, a quality whose removal would not impair the identity of its subject, as opposed to an _Essential_ quality; THE QUALITY, persons of high rank, collectively. [Fr.,--L. _qualitas_, _qualitatis_.]

QUALM, kwäm, _n._ a sudden attack of illness: a sensation of nausea: a scruple, as of conscience.--_adj._ QUALM'ISH, affected with qualm, or a disposition to vomit, or with slight sickness: uneasy.--_adv._ QUALM'ISHLY.--_n._ QUALM'ISHNESS. [A.S. _cwealm_, death; Ger. _qualm_, nausea; Sw. _qvalm_, a suffocating heat.]

QUAMASH, kwa-mash', _n._ camass.

QUANDANG, kwan'dang, _n._ a small Australian tree, with edible fruit, the native peach. [Austr.]

QUANDARY, kwon-d[=a]'ri, or kwon'da-ri, _n._ a state of difficulty or uncertainty: a hard plight. [Prob. M. E. _wandreth_, peril--Ice. _vandrætdi_, trouble.]

QUANNET, kwan'et, _n._ a file for scraping zinc plates: a kind of file used in comb-making.

QUANT, kwant, _n._ a pushing or jumping pole, with a flat cap at the end, used in marshes.

QUANTIC, kwon'tik, _n._ (_math._) a rational integral homogeneous function of two or more variables.--_adj._ QUAN'TICAL. [L. _quantus_, how great.]

QUANTIFY, kwon'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to determine with respect to quantity: to fix or express the quantity of.--_n._ QUANTIFIC[=A]'TION, the art, process, or form by which anything is quantified.--QUANTIFICATION OF THE PREDICATE, a phrase belonging to logic, signifying the attachment of the signs of quantity to the predicate. [L. _quantus_, how great, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

QUANTITY, kwon'ti-ti, _n._ the amount of anything: bulk: size: a determinate amount: a sum or bulk: a large portion: (_logic_) the extent of a conception: (_gram._) the measure of a syllable: (_mus._) the relative duration of a tone: (_math._) anything which can be increased, divided, or measured: (_Shak._) a small part: (_Shak._) proportion.--_adj._ QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVE, relating to quantity: measurable in quantity: (_chem._) determining the relative proportions of components.--_advs._ QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVELY, QUAN'TITIVELY.--_ns._ QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVENESS; QUANTIV'ALENCE (_chem._), the combining power of an atom as compared with that of the hydrogen atom, valence.--_adj._ QUANTIV'ALENT.--QUANTITATIVE LOGIC, the doctrine of probability.--CONSTANT QUANTITY (_math._), a quantity that remains the same while others vary. [Fr.,--L. _quantitas_, _quantitatis_--_quantus_, how much--_quam_, how.]

QUANTUM, kwon'tum, _n._ quantity: amount:--_pl._ QUAN'TA.--QUANTUM SUFFICIT--as much as is sufficient. [L. _quantum_, neut. of _quantus_, how great.]

QUAQUAVERSAL, kwä-kwä-ver'sal, _adj._ (_geol._) inclining outward in all directions from a centre: facing all ways.--_adv._ QUAQUAVER'SALLY. [L. _quaqua_, wheresoever, _vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.]

QUARANTINE, kwor'an-t[=e]n, _n._ a forced abstinence from communication with the shore which ships are compelled to undergo when they are last from some port where certain infectious diseases are raging--the time originally forty days: (_coll._) the isolation of a person, house, district, &c. afflicted with or recovering from contagious disease.--_v.t._ to prohibit from intercourse from fear of infection.--_adj._ QUARANTIN'ABLE, admitting of, or controlled by, quarantine.--QUARANTINE FLAG, a yellow flag displayed by a ship to signify the presence on board of contagious disease. [Fr. _quarantaine_--L. _quadraginta_, forty--_quatuor_, four.]

QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a segment of fireclay used in making covers for retorts, &c.

QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a medusa or jelly-fish.

QUARREL, kwor'el, _n._ a square of glass placed diagonally: a lozenge or diamond: a diamond pane of glass: a small square tile: a square-headed arrow for a cross-bow: a graver, glaziers' diamond, or other tool having a several-edged head or point.--_ns._ QUARR'ELET, a small lozenge; QUARR'EL-PANE. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _quadrellus_--L. _quadrus_, square--_quatuor_, four.]

QUARREL, kwor'el, _n._ an angry dispute: a breach of friendship: (_Shak._) a cause of complaint: a brawl: (_Shak._) a quarreller.--_v.i._ to cavil, find fault: to dispute violently: to fight: to disagree.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to find fault with: to affect by quarrelling:--_pr.p._ quarr'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quarr'elled.--_ns._ QUARR'ELLER; QUARR'ELLING, strife: dissension: brawling.--_adjs._ QUARR'ELLOUS (_Shak._), quarrelsome; QUARR'ELSOME, disposed to quarrel: brawling: easily provoked.--_adv._ QUARR'ELSOMELY.--_n._ QUARR'ELSOMENESS.--QUARREL WITH ONE'S BREAD AND BUTTER, to act in a way prejudicial to one's means of subsistence.--PICK A QUARREL WITH, to try to get into a dispute with; TAKE UP A QUARREL (_Shak._), to settle a dispute. [O. Fr. _querele_--L. _querela_--_queri_, _questus_, to complain.]

QUARRENDER, kwor'en-d[.e]r, _n._ (_prov._) a kind of apple.

QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ an excavation from which stone is taken for building, &c., by cutting, blasting, &c.--_v.t._ to dig from a quarry:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quarr'ied.--_adj._ QUARR'IABLE, capable of being quarried.--_ns._ QUARR'IER, QUARR'Y-MAN, a man who works in a quarry.--_adj._ QUARR'Y-FACED, rough-faced.--_ns._ QUARR'YING-MACHINE', a rock-drill; QUARR'Y-WA'TER, the water contained in the pores of stone while unquarried, or newly quarried, before its evaporation. [O. Fr. _quarriere_ (Fr. _carrière_)--Low L. _quadraria_--L. _quadratus_, square.]

QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ the entrails of the game given to the dogs after the chase: the object of the chase: the game a hawk is pursuing or has killed: a heap of dead game. [O. Fr. _curee_, _cuiree_--_cuir_, the skin--L. _corium_, hide.]

QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ a small square tile.--_adj._ QUARR'IED, paved with such. [O. Fr. _quarre_--L. _quadratus_, square.]

QUART, QUARTE, kärt, _n._ a sequence of four cards: one of the eight thrusts and parries in fencing.--QUART AND TIERCE, practice between fencers. [Fr. _quarte_.]

QUART, kwort, or kwawrt, _n._ the fourth part of a gallon, or two pints: a vessel containing two pints: (_Spens._) a quarter: the peck or quarter of a bushel: (_mus._) the interval of a fourth.--_n._ QUART[=A]'TION, the parting of gold and silver by means of nitric acid.--QUART D'ÉCU (_Shak._), a cardecu. [Fr. _quarte_--L. _quartus_, fourth--_quatuor_, four.]

QUARTAN, kwor'tan, _adj._ occurring every fourth day, as a fever or ague.--_n._ an ague of this character. [Fr. _quartaine_--L. _quartanus_, of the fourth.]

QUARTER, kwor't[.e]r, _n._ a fourth part: the fourth part of a cwt.=28 lb. avoirdupois (abbrev. _qr._): 8 bushels, as a measure of capacity, for grain, &c.: the fourth part of an hour--of the year--of the moon's period--of a carcass (including a limb)--of the horizon, &c.: a cardinal point: (_her._) one of the four parts into which a shield is divided by quartering (_dexter chief_, _sinister chief_, _dexter base_, _sinister base_), an ordinary occupying one-fourth of the field: a region of a hemisphere: a division of a town, &c.: place of lodging, as for soldiers, esp. in _pl._: mercy granted to a disabled antagonist, prob. from the idea of the captor sending the prisoner to his quarters: (_Shak._) peace, concord: (_naut._) the part of a ship's side between the mainmast and the stern.--_v.t._ to divide into four equal parts: to divide into parts or compartments: to furnish with quarters: to lodge: to allot or share: to furnish with entertainment: (_her._) to bear as an appendage to the hereditary arms: to beat the ground for game.--_v.i._ to be stationed: to shift or change position: to range for game: to drive across a road from side to side.--_ns._ QUAR'TER[=A]GE, a quarterly payment: quarters, lodging: a name applied to a particular tax; QUAR'TER-BACK, a certain player or position in football (see BACK); QUAR'TER-BEND, a bend in a pipe or rod altering its direction 90°; QUAR'TER-BILL, a list of the stations for men on board a man-of-war during action; QUAR'TER-BLANK'ET, a horse-blanket for the hind quarters.--_n.pl._ QUAR'TER-BLOCKS, blocks fitted under the quarters of a yard, on each side the slings, for the topsail-sheets, &c., to reeve through.--_ns._ QUAR'TER-BOARD, topgallant bulwarks; QUAR'TER-BOAT, any boat hung to davits over the ship's quarter; QUAR'TER-BOOT, a leather boot to protect an overreaching horse's fore feet from being struck by the hind feet.--_adj._ QUAR'TER-BOUND, having leather or cloth on the back only.--_n.pl._ QUAR'TER-BOYS, automata which strike the quarter-hours in certain belfries.--_adjs._ QUAR'TER-BRED, having only one-fourth pure blood, as horses, cattle, &c.; QUAR'TER-CAST, cut in the quarter of the hoof.--_ns._ QUAR'TER-DAY, the first or last day of a quarter, on which rent or interest is paid; QUAR'TER-DECK, the part of the deck of a ship abaft the mainmast; QUAR'TER-DECK'ER (_coll._), a stickler for small points of etiquette on board ship.--_adj._ QUAR'TERED, divided into four equal parts: lodged, stationed for lodging: having hind quarters of a particular kind, as a short-_quartered_ horse: sawed into quarters: (_her._) having a square piece cut out of the centre.--_ns._ QUAR'TER-[=E]'VIL, -ILL, symptomatic anthrax, an infectious and frequently fatal disease of cattle, marked by hemorrhage into the subcutaneous areolar tissue of the limbs--also _Black-leg_, _Quarter_, or _Spaul_, &c.; QUAR'TERFOIL (_archit._), an ornamental carving disposed in four segments of circles like an expanded flower; QUAR'TER-GALL'ERY, a projecting balcony on each of the quarters of a large ship: a small structure on a ship's quarters containing the water-closet and bath-tub; QUAR'TER-GUN'NER, a petty-officer in the United States navy, having care, under the gunner, of arms, ammunition, &c.--_adj._ QUAR'TERING, sailing nearly before the wind: striking on the quarter of a ship, as a wind.--_n._ assignment of quarters to soldiers: (_archit._) a series of small upright posts for forming partitions of rooms, lathed and plastered only, or boarded also: (_her._) the bearing of two or more coats-of-arms on a shield divided by horizontal and perpendicular lines, denoting the alliances of the family--also, one of the divisions thus formed.--_ns._ QUAR'TERING-BLOCK, a block on which the body of a person condemned to be quartered was cut in pieces; QUAR'TER-LINE, the position of ships of a column ranged in a line when one is four points forward or abaft another's beam.--_adj._ QUAR'TERLY, relating to a quarter: consisting of, or containing, a fourth part: once a quarter of a year.--_adv._ once a quarter: (_her._) arranged according to the four quarters of a shield.--_n._ a periodical published every quarter of a year.--_ns._ QUAR'TERMASTER, an officer who looks after the quarters of the soldiers, and attends to the supplies--he is assisted by a non-commissioned officer named QUAR'TERMASTER-SER'GEANT: (_naut._) a first-class petty officer who attends to the helm, signals, &c.; QUAR'TERMASTER-GEN'ERAL, in the British army, a staff-officer of high rank (major-general or colonel) who deals with all questions of transport, marches, quarters, fuel, clothing, &c.; QUAR'TERN, the fourth part of a peck, a stone, or a pint: the quarter of a pound; QUAR'TERN-LOAF, a loaf weighing, generally, four pounds; QUARTEROON' (see QUADROON); QUAR'TER-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 3¼ by 4¼ inches: a picture of this size; QUAR'TER-ROUND, a moulding having an outline approximating to a quadrant, an _ovolo_: any tool adapted for making such; QUAR'TER-SEAL, the seal kept by the director of the Chancery of Scotland--the _testimonial_ of the Great Seal; QUAR'TER-SES'SIONS, a criminal court held quarterly by Justices of the Peace, established in 1350-51, but having had most of its administrative powers transferred in 1888 to the County Councils: county or borough sessions held quarterly; QUAR'TER-STAFF, a long staff or weapon of defence, grasped at a quarter of its length from the end and at the middle; QUAR'TER-TONE (_mus._), an interval equivalent to one-half of a semitone; QUAR'TER-WATCH (_naut._), one-half of the watch on deck; QUARTETTE', QUARTET', anything in fours: a musical composition of four parts for voices or instruments: a stanza of four lines.--_adj._ QUAR'TIC (_math._), of the fourth degree or order.--_n._ an algebraic function of the fourth degree.--_n._ QUAR'TILE (_astrol._), an aspect of planets when their longitudes differ by 90°.--_adj._ QUAR'TO, having the sheet folded into four leaves (abbrev. 4to).--_n._ a book of a quarto size:--_pl._ QUAR'TOS (demy quarto, 8¾ × 11¼ in.; medium quarto, 9¼ × 11¾ in.; royal quarto, 10 × 12½ in.).--BEAT UP THE QUARTERS OF, to disturb: to visit unceremoniously; COME TO CLOSE QUARTERS, to get into a hand-to-hand struggle.--SMALL QUARTO, a square octavo: a book having eight leaves to a sheet but the shape of a quarto.--WINTER QUARTERS, the quarters or station of an army during the winter. [O. Fr.,--L. _quartarius_--_quartus_, fourth.]

QUARTODECIMAN, kwor-t[=o]-des'i-man, _n._ one of those who celebrated the Paschal festival on the 14th day of Nisan without regard to the day of the week. The western churches kept it on the Sunday after the 14th day--the usage approved by the Council of Nice (325 A.D.). [L. _quartodecimus_, fourteenth, _quatuor_, four, _decem_, ten.]