Chapter XXVI: Part 26

RHODOPHANE, r[=o]'d[=o]-f[=a]n, _n._ a red pigment found in the retinal cones of the eyes of certain fishes, reptiles, and birds. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phan[=e]s_, appearing.]

RHODOPHYL, r[=o]'d[=o]-fil, _n._ the compound pigment found in the red algæ.--_adj._ RHODOPHYL'LOUS. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phyllon_, leaf.]

RHODOPSIN, r[=o]-dop'sin, _n._ a purple pigment found in the retina. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _opsis_, view.]

RHODORA, r[=o]-d[=o]'ra, _n._ a handsome shrub with terminal clusters of pale purple flowers preceding the deciduous leaves: a genus of _Ericaceæ_, now included in Rhododendron. [Gr. _rhodon_, a rose.]

RHODOSTAUROTIC, r[=o]-d[=o]-staw-rot'ik, _adj._ (_obs._) rosicrucian. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _stauros_, a cross.]

RHODOSTETHIA, r[=o]-d[=o]-st[=e]'thi-a, _n._ a genus of _Laridæ_, with rose-tinted breast and wedge-shaped tail. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _st[=e]thos_, the breast.]

RHODOTHAMNUS, r[=o]-d[=o]-tham'nus, _n._ a genus of small shrubs, the ground Cistus. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _thamnos_, bush.]

RHODYMENIA, r[=o]-di-m[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of marine algæ. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _hym[=e]n_, membrane.]

RHOEADIC, r[=e]-ad'ik, _adj._ pertaining, to or derived from, the red poppy, _Papaver Rhoeas_.--_n._ RHOE'ADINE, a non-poisonous alkaloid found in the same. [Gr. _rhoias_, _rhoiados_, a poppy.]

RHOMB, romb, _n._ a quadrilateral figure having its sides equal but its angles not right angles: (_crystal._) a rhombohedron: (_Milt._) a material circle--also RHOM'BUS.--_adj._ RHOM'BIC.--_ns._ RHOMBICOSIDODECAH[=E]'DRON, a solid having sixty-two faces; RHOMBICUBOCTAH[=E]'DRON, a solid having twenty-six faces.--_adjs._ RHOM'BIFORM, RHOM'BOID, shaped like a rhomb.--FRESNEL'S RHOMB, a rhomb of crown glass so cut that a ray of light entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing two total reflections. [L. _rhombus_--Gr. _rhombos_--_rhembein_, to turn round and round.]

RHOMBOCOELIA, rom-b[=o]-s[=e]'li-a, _n._ a dilatation of the spinal cord in the sacral region.--_adj._ RHOMBOCOE'LIAN. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, _koilia_, a cavity.]

RHOMBOGEN, rom'b[=o]-jen, _n._ the infusoriform embryo of a nematoid worm.--_adjs._ RHOMBOGEN'IC, RHOMBOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, _gen[=e]s_, producing.]

RHOMBOHEDRON, rom-b[=o]-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid bounded by six rhombic planes.--_adj._ RHOMBOH[=E]'DRAL.--_adv._ RHOMBOH[=E]'DRALLY. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, _hedra_, a base.]

RHOMBOID, rom'boid, _n._ a figure of the form of a rhomb: a quadrilateral figure having only its opposite sides and angles equal.--_adj._ RHOMBOID'AL, having the shape of a rhomboid. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, _eidos_, form.]

RHOMBOIDEUM, rom-boi'd[=e]-um, _n._ (_anat._) the ligament which unites the sternal end of the clavicle with the cartage of the first rib.

RHOMBUS. Same as RHOMB.

RHONCHUS, rong'kus, _n._ a râle, esp. when bronchial.--_adjs._ RHONCH'AL, RHONCH'IAL. [L.,--Gr. _rhengchos_, a snoring--_rhengkein_, to snore.]

RHOPALIC, r[=o]-pal'ik, _n._ a hexameter in which each succeeding word contains one syllable more than what precedes it. [Gr. _rhopalikos_, club-like, _rhopalon_, a club.]

RHOPALOCERA, r[=o]-pa-los'e-ra, _n.pl._ an order of _Lepidoptera_, with clubbed antennæ.--_adjs._ RHOPALOC'ERAL, RHOPALOC'EROUS. [Gr. _rhopalon_, a club, _keras_, a horn.]

RHOPALODINIDÆ, r[=o]-pa-l[=o]-din'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the sea-gourds.

RHOTACISM, r[=o]'ta-sizm, _n._ erroneous pronunciation of the letter _r_: burring: the tendency of _s_ to change into _r_.--_v.i._ RH[=O]'TACISE.

RHUBARB, r[=oo]'bärb, _n._ a plant, the tender acidulous leaf-stalks of which are much used in cooking, and the root in medicine: the root of any medicinal rhubarb, with cathartic properties.--_adj._ RHU'BARBY.--MONK'S RHUBARB, the patience dock. [O. Fr. _rheubarbe_--Low L. _rheubarbarum_--Gr. _rh[=e]on barbaron_--_rh[=e]on_, adj. of _rha_, the rha-plant, from the _Rha_, the Volga.]

RHUMB, rumb, or rum, _n._ any vertical circle, hence any point of the compass.--_ns._ RHUMB'-LINE, a line which cuts all the meridians at the same angle; RHUMB'-SAIL'ING, the course of a vessel keeping straight on a rhumb-line. [Fr. _rumb_, a by-form of _rhombe_, through L., from Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb.]

RHUS, rus, _n._ a genus of shrubs and trees, the cashew-nut family. [L.,--Gr. _rhous_, sumac.]

RHUSMA, rus'ma, _n._ a mixture of quicklime and orpiment, used as a depilatory.--Also RUS'MA.

RHYACOLITE, r[=i]-ak'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a glassy feldspar found at Mt. Somma in Italy. [Gr. _rhyax_, _rhyakos_, a stream, _lithos_, stone.]

RHYACOPHILIDÆ, r[=i]-a-k[=o]-fil'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of neuropterous insects.--_n._ RHYACOPH'ILUS, a genus of _Scolopacidæ_--the green or solitary sandpiper. [Gr. _rhyax_, a stream, _philein_, to love.]

RHYME, RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ the recurrence of similar sounds at certain intervals: (_orig._) words arranged in numbers or verse: poetry: metre: a short poem.--_v.i._ to correspond in sound: to harmonise: to chime: to make rhymes or verses.--_v.t._ to put into rhyme.--_adj._ RHYME'LESS, without rhyme or reason: without sound or sense: neither pleasant to the mind nor to the ear.--_ns._ RHYME'-LETT'ER, the repeated letters in alliteration (q.v.); RHY'MER, RHY'MIST, R[=I]'MIST, an inferior poet: a minstrel; RHYME'-ROY'AL (so called from its use by King James I. of Scotland in the _King's Quair_), a seven-line stanza borrowed by Chaucer from the French--its formula, _a b a b b c c_; RHYME'STER, a poetaster: a would-be poet.--_adjs._ RHY'MIC, R[=I]'MIC.--FEMININE RHYME (see FEMININE); MALE, or MASCULINE, RHYME, a rhyme in which the accent and rhyme fall on the final syllable only.--NEITHER RHYME NOR REASON, without either sound or sense.--THE RHYMER, Thomas the Rhymer, the earliest poet of Scotland (_flor._ 1286). [Properly _rime_ (the _hy_ being due to the influence of _Rhythm_)--A.S. _rim_, number, cog. with Old High Ger. _r[=i]m_ (Ger. _reim_).]

RHYNCHÆNUS, ring-k[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of coleopterous insects, of the family of snout-beetles. [Gr. _rhyngchaina_, having a large snout.]

RHYNCHEA, ring-k[=e]'a, _n._ the painted snipe.--_adj._ RHYNCHÆ'AN. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout.]

RHYNCHETIDÆ, ring-ket'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of suctorial infusorians--its typical genus, RHYNCH[=E]'TA. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _chait[=e]_, a mane.]

RHYNCHITES, ring-k[=i]'t[=e]z, _n.pl._ a genus of weevils. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

RHYNCHOCOELA, ring-k[=o]-s[=e]'la, _n.pl._ a group of proctuchous turbellarians, the nemerteans.--_adj._ RHYNCHOCOE'LAN. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _koilos_, hollow.]

RHYNCHOCYONIDÆ, ring-k[=o]-s[=i]-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of small insectivorous mammals, native to eastern Africa.--_n._ RHYNCHOC'YON. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _ky[=o]n_, a dog.]

RHYNCHODONT, ring'k[=o]-dont, _adj._ having the beak toothed, as the falcon. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _odous_, _odontos_, tooth.]

RYNCHOFLAGELLATE, ring-k[=o]-flaj'e-l[=a]t, _adj._ having a flagellum like a snout.

RHYNCHOLITE, ring'k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ the fossil beak of a tetrabranchiate cephalopod. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _lithos_, stone.]

RHYNCHONELLA, ring-k[=o]-nel'a, _n._ a typical genus of _Rhynchonellidæ_, a family of arthropomatous brachiopods. [Gr _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

RHYNCHOPHORA, ring-kof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a section of tetramerous coleopterous insects: the weevils.--_adjs._ RHYNCHOPH'ORAN, RHYNCHOPH'OROUS. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _pherein_, to bear.]

RHYNCHOPS, ring'kops, _n._ the skimmers or scissor-bills. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _[=o]ps_, _[=o]pos_, an eye.]

RHYNCHOSIA, ring-k[=o]'si-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

RHYNCHOSPORA, ring-kos'p[=o]-ra, _n._ a genus of sedge-like plants--the beak-rush or beak-sedge. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _sporos_, seed.]

RHYNCHOTA, ring-k[=o]'ta, _n._ an order of true hexapod insects.--_adjs._ RHYNCH'[=O]TE, beaked; RHYNCH[=O]'TOUS, belonging to the Rhynchota. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

RHYNCHOTUS, ring-k[=o]'tus, _n._ a genus of the South American tinamous, including the ynambu. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

RHYNE, r[=i]n, _n._ the best kind of Russian hemp.

RHYOLITE, r[=i]'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ an igneous rock, called also _Liparite_ and _Quartz-trachyte_.--_adj._ RHYOLIT'IC. [Gr. _rhyax_, a stream, _lithos_, a stone.]

RHYPAROGRAPHY, rip-a-rog'ra-fi, _n._ _genre_ or still-life pictures, esp. of low subjects.--_adj._ RHYPAROGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _rhyparos_, dirty, _graphein_, to write.]

RHYPHUS, r[=i]'fus, _n._ a genus of gnats.

RHYPTICUS, rip'ti-kus, _n._ a genus of serranoid fishes--the soap-fishes. [Gr. _rhyptikos_--_rhypein_, to cleanse--_rhypos_, dirt.]

RHYSIMETER, r[=i]-sim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the velocity of fluids and the speed of ships. [Gr. _rhysis_, a flowing, _metron_, a measure.]

RHYSSA, ris'a, _n._ a genus of long-tailed ichneumon flies. [Gr. _rhyssos_, wrinkled, _eryein_, to draw.]

RHYSSODES, ri-s[=o]'d[=e]z, _n.pl._ a genus of clavicorn beetles. [Gr. _rhyssod[=e]s_, wrinkled-looking--_rhyssos_, wrinkled, _eidos_, form.]

RHYTHM, ri_th_m, or rithm, _n._ flowing motion: metre: regular recurrence of accents: harmony of proportion: a measure, or foot: (_mus._) the regular succession of heavy and light accents: (_phys._) the succession of alternate and opposite states.--_adjs._ RHYTH'MIC, -AL, having or pertaining to rhythm or metre.--_adv._ RHYTH'MICALLY.--_n._ RHYTH'MICS, the science of rhythm.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ RHYTH'MISE, to subject to rhythm: to observe rhythm.--_n._ RHYTH'MIST, one who composes in rhythm.--_adj._ RHYTHM'LESS, destitute of rhythm.--_ns._ RHYTHMOM'ETER, an instrument for marking rhythms for music, a metronome; RHYTHMOPOE'IA, the art of composing rhythmically. [L.,--Gr. _rhythmos_--_rhein_, to flow.]

RHYTINA, ri-t[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of _Sirenia_, akin to the dugong and the manatee, once plentiful in the northern Pacific. [Gr. _rhytis_, a wrinkle.]

RHYTON, r[=i]'ton, _n._ a Greek drinking-vase, with one handle, generally ending in a beast's head:--_pl._ RHY'TA. [Gr.]

RIALTO, ri-al't[=o], _n._ a famous bridge over the Grand Canal, Venice, [It., _rio_, stream--L. _rivus_, a stream--It. _alto_, deep--L. _altus_, deep.]

RIANT, r[=i]'ant, _adj._ laughing: gay.--_n._ R[=I]'ANCY. [Fr.,--L. _ridens_, pr.p. of _rid[=e]re_, to laugh.]

RIATA. See REATA.

RIB, rib, _n._ one of the bones from the backbone which encircle the chest: anything like a rib in form or use: a piece of meat containing one or more ribs: a piece of timber which helps to form or strengthen the side of a ship: a vein of a leaf, or an insect's wing: a prominence running in a line: a ridge: (_archit._) a moulding or projecting band on a ceiling: one of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended: (_coll._) a wife (from Gen. ii., 21-23).--_v.t._ to furnish or enclose with ribs: to form with rising lines--as corduroy: to enclose:--_pr.p._ rib'bing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ribbed.--_ns._ RIB'-BAND, a piece of timber bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel to hold them in position; RIB'BING, an arrangement of ribs; RIB'-GRASS, the ribwort plantain.--_adj._ RIB'LESS, having no ribs.--_n._ RIB'LET, a rudimentary rib.--_adjs._ RIB'-LIKE, like a rib: resembling a rib; RIB'-NOSED, having the snout ribbed, as a baboon.--_v.t._ RIB'-ROAST, to beat soundly.--_ns._ RIB'-ROAST'ER (_coll._), a severe blow on the ribs; RIB'-ROAST'ING, a severe beating; RIB'-VAULT'ING. [A.S. _ribb_; Ger. _rippe_.]

RIB, rib, _n._ hound's tongue: water-cress. [A.S. _ribbe_.]

RIBALD, rib'ald, _n._ a loose, low character.--_adj._ low, base, mean: licentious: foul-mouthed--also RIB'AUD (_Spens._).--_adjs._ RIB'ALDISH, RIB'ALDROUS, ribald.--_n._ RIB'ALDRY, obscenity: filthiness: low and vulgar scurrility--also RIB'AUDRY (_obs._). [O. Fr. _ribald_, _ribaut_ (Fr. _ribaud_, It. _ribaldo_)--Old High Ger. _hr[=i]p[=a]_, Mid. High Ger. _ribe_, a whore.]

RIBAND, rib'and, _n._ Same as RIBBON.

RIBATTUTA, r[=e]-bat-t[=oo]'ta, _n._ (_mus._) a melodic embellishment. [It.]

RIBAUDEQUIN, ri-baw'de-kin, _n._ a movable cheval-de-frise. [O. Fr.; of doubtful origin.]

RIBBLE-RABBLE, rib'l-rab'l, _n._ a mob: indecent language.--_n._ RIBB'LE-ROW, a list of rabble.

RIBBON, rib'on, _n._ a fillet or strip of silk: a narrow strip: (_pl._) reins for driving: a shred: a watch-spring: an endless saw: (_her._) a bearing considered usually as one of the subordinaries: (_naut._) a painted moulding on the side of a ship--also RIB'AND, RIBB'AND.--_adj._ made of ribbon: having bands of different colours.--_v.t._ to adorn with ribbons: to stripe: to streak.--_ns._ RIBB'ON-BRAKE, a brake having a band which nearly surrounds the wheel whose motion is to be checked; RIBB'ON-FISH, a long, slender, compressed fish, like a ribbon; RIBB'ON-GRASS, a variety of striped canary-grass: Lady's Garter; RIBB'ONISM, a system of secret associations among the lower classes in Ireland, at its greatest height from about 1835 to 1855--from the green badge worn; RIBB'ONMAN, a member of a Ribbon society; RIBB'ON-MAP, a map printed on a long strip which winds on an axis within a case; RIBB'ON-SEAL, a North Pacific seal, banded and striped; RIBB'ON-SNAKE, a harmless striped snake abundant in the United States; RIBB'ON-STAMP, a simple form of printing-press for transferring colours to paper; RIBB'ON-WAVE, a common geometrid moth; RIBB'ON-WEED, a seaweed whose frond has a long, flat blade; RIBB'ON-WIRE, a strong tape with wire threads for strengthening garments; RIBB'ON-WORM, tapeworm.--BLUE RIBBON, the ribbon of the Order of the Garter: anything which marks the attainment of some ambition, also the object itself: the badge adopted by a teetotal society; RED RIBBON, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath. [O. Fr. _riban_ (Fr. _ruban_), perh. Celt.; cf. Ir. _ribin_, Gael. _ribean_. Diez suggests Dut. _ring-band_, necktie, collar.]

RIBES, ribz, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a currant, currants.--_n.sing._ RIBES (r[=i]'b[=e]z), a genus of shrubs belonging to the natural order _Ribesiaceæ_, familiar examples of which are the garden Gooseberry and the Currant. [O. Fr. _ribes_--Low L. _ribus_--Ar. _r[=i]b[=e]s_, _r[=i]b[=a]s_.]

RIBIBE, rib-[=i]b', _n._ (_obs._) a rebec: an old woman.--_v.i._ to play on a ribibe. [_Rebec._]

RIBSTON-PIPPIN, rib'ston-pip'in, _n._ a fine variety of winter apple--from _Ribston_ in Yorkshire, where Sir Henry Goodricke (1642-1705) first introduced them.

RICARDIAN, ri-kär'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the political economist David _Ricardo_ (1772-1823), or his theory.

RICASSO, ri-kas'[=o], _n._ that part of a rapier-blade next to the hilt. [Ety. unknown.]

RICCIA, rik'si-a, _n._ a genus of cryptogamous plants. [From the Italian botanist P. Francisco _Ricci_.]

RICE, r[=i]s, _n._ one of the most useful and extensively cultivated of grains, like oats when ripe.--_ns._ RICE'-BIRD, the reed-bird: the paddy bird or Java sparrow; RICE'-BIS'CUIT, a sweet biscuit made of flour mixed with rice; RICE'-DUST, RICE'-MEAL, the refuse of rice, a valuable food for cattle; RICE'-FIELD-MOUSE, the rice-rat; RICE'-FLOUR, a ground rice for puddings, for a face-powder, &c.; RICE'-GLUE, a cement made by boiling rice-flour in soft water; RICE'-HEN, the common American gallinule; RICE'-MILK, milk boiled and thickened with rice; RICE'-P[=A]'PER, a white smooth paper, made by the Chinese from the pith of _Fatsia (Aralia) papyrifera_, a tree peculiar to Formosa; RICE'-PLANT'ER, an implement for sowing rice; RICE'-POUND'ER, a rice-mill; RICE'-PUDD'ING, a pudding made of rice and milk, sweetened, often with eggs, raisins, &c.; RICE'-SOUP, a soup of rice with flour, &c.; RICE'-STITCH, an embroidery-stitch resembling rice in grain; RICE'-WA'TER, water in which rice has been boiled--a nourishing drink for invalids; RICE'-WEE'VIL, a weevil that destroys stored rice, &c. [O. Fr. _ris_--L. _oryza_--Gr. _oryza_, from Old Pers., whence also Ar. _uruzz_, _ruzz_.]

RICERCATA, r[=e]-cher-kä'ta, _n._ a very elaborate form of fugue. [It. _ricercare_, to search out.]

RICH, rich (_comp._ RICH'ER, _superl._ RICH'EST), _adj._ abounding in possessions: wealthy: valuable: sumptuous: fertile: full of agreeable or nutritive qualities: affluent: productive, as a rich mine: costly: mighty: ruling: ample: of superior quality: luxurious: of great moral worth: highly seasoned or flavoured, as rich pastry: bright, as a colour: full of harmonious sounds, as a rich voice: full of beauty, as a rich landscape: of a vivid colour: extravagant, as a rich joke.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to enrich.--_v.i. to_ grow rich.--_v.i._ RICH'EN, to become rich, or of higher quality of any kind.--_adj._ RICH'-LEFT (_Shak._), left with much wealth, richly endowed.--_adv._ RICH'LY.--_n._ RICH'NESS, wealth: abundance: fruitfulness: value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. _ríce_, rich; Ger. _reich_, Dut. _rijk_, Goth. _reiks_.]

RICHARDIA, ri-chär'di-a, _n._ a small genus of South African herbs of the Arum family, including the calla-lily. [From the French botanists, L. C. M. _Richard_ (1754-1821) and his son.]

RICHARDSONIA, rich-ärd-s[=o]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, belonging to the madder family, native to the warmer parts of America. [Named from the 17th-cent. Eng. botanist, Richard _Richardson_.]

RICHEL-BIRD, rich'el-b[.e]rd, _n._ (_prov._) the least tern.

RICHES, rich'ez, _n.pl._ (in _B._ sometimes _n.sing._) wealth: richness: abundance: an intellectual treasure, as the riches of wisdom: the pearl, flower, or cream of anything. [M. E. _richesse_ (n.sing.)--O. Fr. _richesse_--Mid. High Ger. _ríche_.]

RICINIÆ, r[=i]-sin'i-[=e], _n._ a division of mites or acarines. [L. _ricinus_, a tick.]

RICINIUM, r[=i]-sin'i-um, _n._ a mantle, chiefly worn by women, among the ancient Romans.

RICINUS, ris'i-nus, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants, whose one species is _Ricinus communis_, the castor-oil plant.--_adj._ RICINOL'IC, pertaining to, or obtained from, castor-oil. [L. _ricinus_, the castor-oil plant.]

RICK, rik, _n._ a pile or heap, as of hay.--_n.pl._ RICK'ERS, the stems of young trees cut up for spars, &c.--_ns._ RICK'LE (_Scot._), a pile of stones loosely thrown together: a small rick of grain; RICK'-RACK, a kind of open-work edging made of serpentine braid; RICK'-STAND, a flooring on which a rick is made; HAY'-RICK'ER, a horse-rake for cocking up hay. [A.S. _hreác_; Ice. _hraukr._]

RICKETS, rik'ets, _n.sing._ a disease of children, characterised by softness and curvature of the bones.--_adv._ RICK'ETILY, shakily.--_n._ RICK'ETINESS, unsteadiness.--_adjs._ RICK'ETLY, shaky; RICK'ETY, affected with rickets: feeble, unstable. [From M. E. _wrikken_, to twist, allied to A.S. _wringan_, to twist. The medical term _rachitis_ was coined about 1650, with a punning allusion to Gr. _rhachis_, the spine.]

RICOCHET, rik-[=o]-sh[=a]', or -shet', _n._ a rebound along the ground, as of a ball fired at a low elevation.--_v.i._ to skip along the ground:--_pr.p._ ricochet'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ricochet'ted. [Fr.; ety. unknown.]

RICOLITE, r[=e]'k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a stratified ornamental stone. [_Rico_ in New Mexico, Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

RICTUS, rik'tus, _n._ the gape of the bill: the throat of the calyx.--_adj._ RIC'TAL. [L., a gaping.]

RID, rid, _v.t._ to free: to deliver: to remove by violence: to clear: to disencumber: to expel: to separate: to despatch: (_obs._) to banish, to kill:--_pr.p._ rid'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rid.--_ns._ RID'DANCE, act of ridding or freeing: destruction: the earth thrown up by a burrowing animal; RID'DER, one who rids or relieves.--A GOOD RIDDANCE, a welcome relief; GET RID OF, to get deliverance from. [A.S. _hreddan_, to snatch away; Ger. _retten_.]

RIDDLE, rid'l, _n._ an obscure description of something which the hearer is asked to name: a puzzling question: an enigma: anything puzzling, even a person.--_v.i._ to make riddles: to speak obscurely: to plait.--_adj._ RIDD'LE-LIKE (_Shak._), like a riddle or enigma.--_ns._ RIDD'LER; RIDD'LING (_Spens._), skill in explaining riddles.--_adv._ RIDD'LINGLY. [A.S. _r['æ]delse_--_r['æ]dan_, to guess, to read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; cog. with Dut. _raad_, Ger. _rath_.]

RIDDLE, rid'l, _n._ a large sieve for separating coarser materials from finer.--_v.t._ to separate with a riddle, as grain from chaff: to make full of holes like a riddle, as with shot.--_n.pl._ RIDD'LINGS, siftings. [A.S. _hridder_; Gael. _criathar_.]

RIDDLEMEREE, rid'l-me-r[=e]', _n._ rigmarole.

RIDE, r[=i]d, _v.i._ to be borne, as on horseback or in a carriage: to practise riding: to manage a horse: to float, as a ship at anchor: to move easily: to domineer: to overlap.--_v.t._ to do or perform by riding, as a race: to be carried through: to gallop through: to rest on so as to be carried: to control, esp. harshly:--_pa.t._ r[=o]de; _pa.p._ rid'den.--_n._ act of riding: an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle: the course passed over in riding, a place for riding: a district inspected by an excise-officer: (_print._) a fault caused by the overlapping of leads, &c.--_adjs._ R[=I]'DABLE, R[=I]'DEABLE, capable of being ridden: passable on horseback.--_n._ R[=I]'DER, one who rides on a horse: one who manages a horse: one who breaks a horse: a commercial traveller: an addition to a document after its completion, on a separate piece of paper: an additional clause: a mounted robber: a knight: a small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance to measure the weight: a Dutch gold coin.--_adjs._ R[=I]'DERED, having stakes laid across the bars; R[=I]'DERLESS, without a rider; R[=I]'DING, used to ride or travel: suitable for riding on, as a horse.--_n._ a road for riding on: a district visited by an excise-officer.--_n.pl._ R[=I]'DING-BITTS, the bitts to which a ship's cable is secured when riding at anchor.--_ns._ R[=I]'DING-BOOT, a high boot worn in riding; R[=I]'DING-CLERK, a mercantile traveller; R[=I]'DING-COMMIT'TEE, a committee of ministers sent by the General Assembly to carry out an ordination or induction, where the local presbytery refused to act, under the Moderate domination in Scotland in the 18th century; R[=I]'DING-GLOVE, a gauntlet; R[=I]'DING-HAB'IT, the long upper habit, garment, or skirt worn by ladies when riding; R[=I]'DING-HOOD, a hood formerly worn by women when riding.--_n.pl._ R[=I]'DING-IN'TERESTS (_Scots law_), interests depending on other interests.--_ns._ R[=I]'DING-LIGHT, a light hung out in the rigging at night when a vessel is riding at anchor; R[=I]'DING-MAS'TER, one who teaches riding; R[=I]'DING-RHYME, the iambic pentameter, heroic verse--from its use in Chaucer's _Tales_ of the Canterbury pilgrims; R[=I]'DING-ROBE, a riding-habit; R[=I]'DING-ROD, a light cane for equestrians; R[=I]'DING-SAIL, a triangular sail; R[=I]'DING-SCHOOL, a place where riding is taught, esp. a military school; R[=I]'DING-SKIRT, a skirt fastened round a woman's waist in riding; RI'DING-SPEAR, a javelin; R[=I]'DING-SUIT, a suit adapted for riding; R[=I]'DING-WHIP, a switch with short lash, used by riders; BUSH'-R[=I]'DER, in Australia, a cross-country rider.--RIDE A HOBBY, to pursue to excess a favourite theory; RIDE AND TIE, to ride and go on foot alternately; RIDE DOWN, to overthrow, treat with severity; RIDE EASY, when a ship does not pitch--opp. to RIDE HARD, when she pitches violently; RIDE IN THE MARROW-BONE COACH(_slang_), to go on foot; RIDE OUT, to keep afloat throughout a storm; RIDE OVER, to domineer; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD, to pursue a course regardless of the consequences to others; RIDE SHANK'S MARE (_slang_), to walk; RIDE THE HIGH HORSE, to have grand airs; RIDE THE MARCHES (see MARCH); RIDE THE SPANISH MARE, to be put astride a boom as a punishment; RIDE THE WILD MARE (_Shak._), to play at see-saw; RIDE TO HOUNDS, to take part in a fox-hunt, esp. to ride close behind the hounds; RIDING THE FAIR, the ceremony of proclaiming a fair. [A.S. _ridan_; Dut. _rijden_, Ger. _reiten_.]

RIDEAU, r[=e]-d[=o]', _n._ an eminence commanding a plain, covering the entrance to a camp, &c. [Fr.]

RIDGE, rij, _n._ the back, or top of the back: anything like a back, as a long range of hills: an extended protuberance: a crest: the earth thrown up by the plough between the furrows, a breadth of ground running the whole length of the field, divided from those on either side by broad open furrows, helping to guide the sowers and reapers and effecting drainage in wet soils: the upper horizontal timber of a roof: the highest portion of a glacis.--_v.t._ to form into ridges: to wrinkle.--_ns._ RIDGE'-BAND, that part of the harness of a cart which goes over the saddle; RIDGE'-BONE, the spine.--_adj._ RIDGED, having ridges on a surface: ridgy.--_ns._ RIDGE'-FILL'ET, a fillet between two flutes of a column; RIDGE'-HARR'OW, a harrow made to lap upon the sides of a ridge over which it passes; RIDGE'-PLOUGH, a plough with a double mould-board; RIDGE'-POLE, the timber forming the ridge of a roof; RIDGE'-ROPE, the central rope of an awning.--_adj._ RIDG'Y, having ridges. [A.S. _hrycg_; Ice. _hryggr_, Ger. _rücken_, back.]

RIDGEL, rij'el, _n._ a male animal with but one testicle.--Also RIDG'IL, RIDG'LING--(_Scot._) RIG'LAN, RIG'GOT.

RIDICULE, rid'i-k[=u]l, _n._ wit exposing one to laughter: derision: mockery.--_v.t._ to laugh at: to expose to merriment: to deride: to mock.--_n._ RID'I C[=U]LER.--_v.t._ RIDIC'[=U]LISE.--_n._ RIDIC[=U]LOS'ITY.--_adj._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUS, deserving or exciting ridicule: absurd: (_obs._) outrageous.--_adv._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUSLY.--_n._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUSNESS. [L. _ridiculus_--_rid[=e]re_, to laugh.]

RIDING, r[=i]'ding, _n._ one of the three divisions of the county of York. [A corr. of _thriding_--Ice. _þridjungr_, the third, _þriði_, third, _þrir_, three.]

RIDOTTO, ri-dot'[=o], _n._ a house of public entertainment: a dancing party.--_v.i._ to frequent such. [It.]

RIE, an old spelling of _rye_.

RIEM, r[=e]m, _n._ a raw-hide thong. [Dut.]

RIESEL-IRON, r[=e]'zel-[=i]'urn, _n._ a kind of nipper used to remove irregularities from the edges of glass.

RIEVE, RIEVER. Same as REAVE, REAVER.

RIFACIMENTO, r[=e]-fä-chi-men't[=o], _n._ a recasting of literary works:--_pl._ RIFACIMEN'TI. [It.]

RIFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ prevailing: abundant: plentiful: well supplied: current: manifest.--_adv._ RIFE'LY.--_n._ RIFE'NESS. [A.S. _rífe_; Dut. _rijf_, Ice. _rífr_.]

RIFFLE, rif'l, _n._ in mining, the lining of the bottom of a sluice: in seal engraving, a small iron disc at the end of a tool.--_n._ RIFF'LER, a curved file for working in depressions. [Dan. _rifle_, a groove.]

RIFF-RAFF, rif'-raf, _n._ sweepings: refuse: the rabble, the mob. [Explained by Skeat as M. E. _rif and raf_--O. Fr. _rif et raf_, also _rifle et rafle_. _Rifler_, to rifle, ransack--Ice. _hrífa_, to catch; _rafler_--Teut., cf. Ger. _raffen_, to seize.]

RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to carry off by force: to strip, to rob: to whet, as a scythe.--_n._ R[=I]'FLER. [O. Fr. _rifler_--Scand., Ice. _hrífa_, to seize.]

RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to groove spirally, as a gun-barrel.--_n._ a musket with a barrel spirally grooved--many varieties, the _Enfield_, _Minié_, _Martini-Henry_, _Chassepot_, _Mannlicher-repeating_, _Remington_, _Lee-Metford_, &c.--_ns._ R[=I]'FLE-BIRD, an Australian bird-of-Paradise; R[=I]'FLE-CORPS, a body of soldiers armed with rifles; R[=I]'FLEMAN, a man armed with a rifle; R[=I]'FLE-PIT, a pit dug to shelter riflemen; R[=I]'FLE-RANGE, a place for practice with the rifle; R[=I]'FLING, the act of cutting spiral grooves in the bore of a gun; R[=I]'FLING-MACHINE'. [Scand.; Dan. _rifle_, to groove, freq. of _rive_, to tear.]

RIFT, rift, _n._ an opening split in anything: a fissure: a veil: a fording-place.--_v.t._ to rive: to cleave.--_v.i._ to split: to burst open. [_Rive._]

RIG, rig, _v.t._ to clothe, to dress: to put on: to equip: (_naut._) to fit with sails and tackling:--_pr.p._ rig'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rigged.--_n._ sails and tackling: an equipage, or turn-out, for driving, &c.: fishing-tackle: (_coll._) costume, dress.--_ns._ RIG'GER, one who rigs or dresses: in machinery, a large cylindrical pulley, or narrow drum; RIG'GING, tackle: the system of cordage which supports a ship's masts and extends the sails: the roof; RIG'GING-LOFT, the place in a theatre from which the scenery is raised; RIG'GING-SCREW, a machine formed of a clamp worked by a screw; RIG'GING-TREE, a roof-tree; RIG'-OUT, an outfit.--RIG OUT, to furnish with complete dress, &c.; RIG THE MARKET, to raise or lower prices artificially. [Scand.; Norw. _rigga_, to bandage, to put on sails, _rigg_, rigging.]

RIG, rig, _n._ (_Scot._) a ridge: a path. [_Ridge._]

RIG, rig, _n._ a frolic, trick: (_obs._) a wanton.--_v.i._ to romp, act the wanton.--_adj._ RIG'GISH (_Shak._), wanton, lewd.--_n._ RIG'GITE, one who plays rigs, a jester.--RUN A RIG, to play a trick; RUN THE RIG UPON, to play a trick upon. [Prob. _wriggle_.]

RIGADOON, rig-a-d[=oo]n', _n._ a lively dance for one couple, or its music: formerly in the French army, a beat of drum while culprits were being marched to punishment. [Fr. _rigaudon_.]

RIGATION, r[=i]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ irrigation. [_Irrigation._]

RIGESCENT, r[=i]-jes'ent, _n._ growing stiff.

RIGGLE, rig'l, _n._ a species of sand-eel.

RIGHT, r[=i]t, _adj._ straight: most direct: upright: erect: according to truth and justice: according to law: true: correct: just: fit: proper: exact: most convenient: well performed: most dexterous, as the hand: on the right-hand: on the right-hand of one looking towards the mouth of a river: righteous: duly genuine: correct in judgment: equitable: not crooked: to be preferred: precise: in good health: denoting the side designed to go outward, as cloth: opposed to left, as the right-hand: (_math._) upright from a base: containing 90 degrees.--_n._ RIGHT'NESS. [A.S. _riht_; Ger. _recht_, L. _rectus_.]

RIGHT, r[=i]t, _adv._ in a straight or direct line: in a right manner: according to truth and justice: correctly: very: in a great degree.

RIGHT, r[=i]t, _n._ that which is right or correct: truth: justice: virtue: freedom from error: what one has a just claim to: privilege: property: the right side.--_n._ RIGHT'-ABOUT', in the opposite direction.--_adj._ RIGHT'-ANG'LED, having a right angle or angles; RIGHT'-DRAWN (_Shak._), drawn in a right or just cause.--_v.t._ RIGHT'EN, to set right.--_n._ RIGHT'ER, one who sets right or redresses wrong.--_adj._ RIGHT'FUL, having a just claim: according to justice: belonging by right.--_adv._ RIGHT'FULLY.--_ns._ RIGHT'FULNESS, righteousness: justice; RIGHT'-HAND, the hand which is more used, convenient, and dexterous than the other.--_adj._ chiefly relied on.--_adj._ RIGHT'-HAND'ED, using the right-hand more easily than the left: dextral: clockwise.--_ns._ RIGHT'-HAND'EDNESS; RIGHT'-HAND'ER, a blow with the right-hand.--_adjs._ RIGHT'-HEART'ED, having right or kindly dispositions: good-hearted; RIGHT'LESS, without right.--_adv._ RIGHT'LY, uprightly: suitably: not erroneously.--_adj._ RIGHT'-MIND'ED, having a right or honest mind.--_ns._ RIGHT'-MIND'EDNESS, the state of being right-minded; RIGHT'NESS, the character of being right, correctness: the state of being on the right-hand; RIGHT-OF-WAY, the right which the public has to the free passage over roads or tracks, esp. such as are not statutory roads.--_advs._ RIGHTS (_obs._); RIGHT'WARD.--_n._ RIGHT'-WHALE, the Greenland whale, the most important species of the true whales.--RIGHT AND LEFT, on both sides; RIGHT ASCENSION (see ASCENSION); RIGHT BANK OF A RIVER, the bank on the right hand of a person looking in the direction the water flows; RIGHT DOWN, plainly; RIGHT OF ACTION, a right which will sustain a civil action; RIGHT OFF, immediately; RIGHT THE HELM, to put it amidships, in a line with the keel.--ABSOLUTE RIGHTS, those which belong to human beings as such; AT ALL RIGHTS, in all points; BASE RIGHT (_Scots law_), the right which a disposer acquires when he disposes of feudal property; BY RIGHT, or RIGHTS, rightfully; CLAIM OF RIGHT, the statement of the right of the church to spiritual independence and liberty from the interference of the civil courts in her spiritual functions, adopted by an immense majority of the General Assembly in 1842; CONTINGENT RIGHTS, such as are distinguished from vested rights; DECLARATION AND BILL OF RIGHTS, the instrument drawn up by the Convention Parliament which called the Prince and Princess of Orange to the throne of England in 1689, stating the fundamental principles of the constitution; DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN, a famous statement of the constitution and principles of civil society and government adopted by the French National Assembly in August 1789; DO ONE RIGHT, to do one justice; HAVE A RIGHT, to be under a moral necessity; HAVE RIGHT, to be right; IN ONE'S OWN RIGHT, by absolute and personal right; IN THE RIGHT, free from error; NATURAL RIGHTS, those which exist by virtue of natural law--liberty, security of person and property; PETITION OF RIGHT, an action by which a subject vindicates his rights against the Crown; PUBLIC RIGHTS, the rights which the state has over the subject, and the subject against the state; PUT TO RIGHTS, to arrange; THE RIGHT, among continentals, the conservatives, from their usually sitting on the president's right in legislative assemblies; THE RIGHT SIDE, the place of honour; WRIT OF RIGHT, an action to establish the title to real property.

RIGHTEOUS, r[=i]'tyus, _adj._ living and acting according to right and justice: free from guilt or sin: equitable: merited.--_adv._ RIGHT'EOUSLY, in a righteous manner: (_arch._) justly.--_n._ RIGHT'EOUSNESS, purity of life: rectitude: conformity to a right standard: a righteous act or quality: holiness: the coming into spiritual reconciliation with God by means of the righteousness of Christ being imputed to a man in consequence of faith.--ORIGINAL RIGHTEOUSNESS, the condition of man before the Fall as made in the image of God. [A.S. _rihtwís_--_riht_, right, _wís_, wise.]

RIGID, rij'id, _adj._ not easily bent: stiff: severe: strict: unyielding: harsh: without delicacy: wanting in ease.--_n._ RIGID'ITY, the quality of resisting change of form: stiffness of manner.--_adv._ RIG'IDLY.--_n._ RIG'IDNESS.--_adj._ RIGID'[=U]LOUS, rather stiff. [L. _rigidus_--_rig[=e]re_, to be stiff with cold.]

RIGMAROLE, rig'ma-r[=o]l, _n._ a repetition of foolish words: a long story: balderdash.--_adj._ prolix, tedious. [A corr. of _ragman-roll_, a document with a long list of names, or with numerous seals pendent.]

RIGOL, rig'ol, _n._ (_Shak._) a ring, a circle of a crown or coronet. [It. _rigolo_--Teut.; Ger. _ringel_, a ring.]

RIGOLETTE, rig-[=o]-let', _n._ a light head-wrap.

RIGOR, r[=i]'gur, _n._ the same as RIGOUR: (_med._) a sense of chilliness with contraction of the skin, a preliminary symptom of many diseases.--_n._ R[=I]'GOR-MOR'TIS, the characteristic stiffening of the body caused by the contraction of the muscles after death.

RIGOUR, rig'ur, _n._ the quality of being rigid or severe: stiffness of opinion or temper: strictness: exactness: violence: relentlessness: severity of climate: _(med._, spelt RIGOR; see above).--_adj._ RIG'OROUS, exercising rigour: allowing no abatement: marked by severity: harsh: scrupulously accurate: very severe.--_adv._ RIG'OROUSLY.--_ns._ RIG'OROUSNESS; RIG'OURISM (_R.C._), the opposite of _Probalilism_; RIG'OURIST, a person of strict principles: a purist. [L. _rigor_--_rig[=e]re._]

RIGSDAG, rigz'dag, _n._ the parliament of Denmark.

RIGVEDA, rig-v[=a]'da, _n._ the first of the four Vedas. [Sans., _rich_, a hymn, _veda_, knowledge.]

RIGWIDDIE, rig-wid'i, _n._ (_Scot._) the rope that goes over a horse's back to support the shafts of the vehicle it draws. [_Rig_, the back, _widdie_, _withy_, a rope.]

RILE, r[=i]l, _v.t._ to make angry, to vex--a form of _roil_.

RILIEVO, or RELIEVO. See ALTO-RELIEVO.

RILL, ril, _n._ a small murmuring brook: a streamlet.--_v.i._ to flow in small streams.--_ns._ RILL'ET (_Tenn._), a rivulet, a little rill; RILL'-MARK, a marking produced by the oozing of water on sand. [Low Ger. _rille_, a channel; Ger. _rille_, a furrow.]

RIM, rim, _n._ a raised margin, border, brim: in a wheel, the circular part farthest from the nave.--_v.t._ to put a rim to:--_pr.p._ rim'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rimmed.--_n._ RIM'-FIRE, a cartridge which has a detonating substance placed in some part of the rim of its base.--_adjs._ RIM'IFORM; RIM'LESS.--_ns._ RIM'MER, an instrument for ornamenting pastry; RIM'-PL[=A]N'ER, a machine for dressing wheel-fellies; RIM'-SAW, a saw, the cutting part of which is annular. [A.S. _rima_.]

RIM, rim, _n._ a membrane: the peritoneum. [A.S. _reóma_.]

RIMBASE, rim'b[=a]s, _n._ a short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon.

RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ hoar-frost: frozen dew.--_adj._ R[=I]'MY. [A.S. _hrím_; Dut. _rijm_, Ger. _reif_.]

RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ a rent, chink, or fissure--also R[=I]'MA:--_pl._ R[=I]'MÆ.--_adj._ R[=I]MOSE', full of rimes or chinks: having numerous minute fissures, mostly parallel, like the bark of a tree.--_n._ RIMOS'ITY, state of being rimose or chinky.--_adj._ R[=I]'MOUS, rimose. [L. _rima_.]

RIMPLE, rim'pl, _v.i._ to wrinkle.

RIMULA, rim'[=u]-la, _n._ (_conch._) a genus of fossil keyhole limpets.--_adjs._ RIM'[=U]LIFORM, shaped like a crack; RIM'[=U]LOSE. [L., dim. of _rima_, a crack.]

RINABOUT, rin'a-bowt, _n._ (_Scot._) a vagrant.

RIND, r[=i]nd, _n._ the external covering, as the skin of fruit, the bark of trees, &c.--_v.t._ to strip the rind from.--_adj._ RIND'ED.--_n._ RIND'-GALL, a defect in timber. [A.S. _rinde_; Dut. and Ger. _rinde_; prob. Old High Ger. _rinta_, _rinda_.]

RINDERPEST, rin'd[.e]r-pest, _n._ a malignant and contagious disease of cattle. [Ger., 'cattle-plague.']

RINE, r[=i]n, _v.t._ to touch.--_n._ the same as RIND. [A.S. _hrínan_; Ice. _hrína_, to hurt.]

RINE, r[=i]n, _n._ (_prov._) a ditch or water-course.--Also RHINE, RONE, RUNE. [A.S. _ryne_, a run, flow--_rinnan_, to run; Ger. _ronne_, a channel.]

RINFORZANDO, rin-for-tsan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) with special emphasis. [It.]

RING, ring, _n._ a circle: a small hoop, usually of metal, worn on the finger or in the ear as an ornament: a circular area for races, &c.: a circular course, a revolution: a clique organised to control the market: an arena or prize-ring: the commercial measure of staves for casks: (_archit._) a cincture round a column: (_anat._) an annulus: a group or combination of persons.--_v.t._ to encircle: to fit with a ring: to surround: to wed with a ring: (_hort._) to cut out a ring of bark from a tree.--_v.i._ to move in rings.--_ns._ RING'-AR'MATURE, an armature in which the coils of wire are wound round a ring; RING'-ARM'OUR, armour made of metal rings (see CHAIN-MAIL).--_v.t._ RING'-BARK, to strip a ring of bark round a tree to kill it.--_ns._ RING'BILL, the ring-necked duck; RING'-BOLT, an iron bolt with a ring through a hole at one end; RING'BONE, in farriery, a bony callus on a horse's pastern-bone, the result of inflammation: the condition caused by this; RING'-BUNT'ING, the reed-bunting; RING'-CARR'IER, a go-between; RING'-D[=I]'AL, a portable sun-dial; RING'-DOG, an iron apparatus for hauling timber; RING'-DOTT'EREL, the ringed plover; RING'DOVE, the cushat or wood-pigeon, so called from a white ring or line on the neck; RING'-DROP'PING, a trick practised by rogues upon simple people.--_adj._ RINGED, surrounded as with a ring, annulose, annulate: wearing a wedding-ring.--_ns._ RINGED'-CAR'PET, a British geometrid moth; RING'-FENCE, a fence continuously encircling an estate, a limit; RING'-FING'ER, the third finger of the left hand, on which women wear their marriage-ring.--_adj._ RING'-FORMED, annular.--_ns._ RING'-FRAME, any one of a class of spinning-machines with vertical spindles; RING'-GAUGE, a measure consisting of a ring of fixed size used for measuring spherical objects; RING'LEADER, the head of a riotous body: one who opens a ball; RING'LET, a little ring: a curl, esp. of hair.--_adj._ RING'LETED.--_ns._ RING'LOCK, a puzzle-lock; RING'-MAIL, chain-armour; RING'MAN, the third finger of the hand: one interested in the prize-ring; RING'-MAS'TER, one who has charge of a circus-ring and the performances in it; RING'-MON'EY, rudely formed rings anciently used for money; RING'-NECK, a kind of ring-plover: the ring-necked duck; RING'-NET, a net for catching butterflies; RING'-OU'SEL, a species of thrush, with a white band on the breast; RING'-PARR'OT, a common Indian parrot; RING'-PERCH, the perch of North America; RING'-PLOV'ER, a ring-necked plover; RING'-ROPE, a rope for hauling the cable in rough weather; RING'-SAW, a scroll-saw with annular web; RING'-SMALL, broken stones of such a size as to pass through a ring two inches in diameter; RING'-SNAKE, the collared snake, a harmless serpent of the United States; RING'STER, a member of a ring; RING'-STOP'PER, a piece of rope by which the ring of an anchor is secured to the cat-head.--_adjs._ RING'-STRAKED (_B._), -STREAKED, streaked with rings.--_n._ RING'-TAIL (_naut._), a studding-sail set upon the gaff of a fore-and-aft sail: a light sail set abaft and beyond the spanker: the female of the hen-harrier, named from a rust-coloured ring formed by the tips of the tail-feathers when expanded.--_adj._ RING'-TAILED, having the tail marked with bars or rings of colour, as a lemur: having a tail curled at the end.--_ns._ RING'-THRUSH, the ring-ousel; RING'-TIME (_Shak._), time for marrying; RING'-VALVE, a hollow cylindrical valve; RING'-WORK, a material composed of rings interlinked; RING'WORM, a skin disease in which itchy pimples appear in rings.--RING THE CHANGES (see CHANGE).--RIDE, or TILT, AT THE RING, to practise the sport of riding rapidly, spear in hand, and carrying off with it a ring hung up; THE RING, pugilism and the persons connected with it. [A.S. _hring_; Ice. _hring-r_, Ger., Dan., and Sw. _ring_.]

RING, ring, _v.i._ to sound as a bell when struck: to tinkle: to practise the art of ringing bells: to continue to sound: to be filled with report: to resound: to echo.--_v.t._ to cause to sound, as a metal: to produce by ringing:--_pa.t._ rang, rung; _pa.p._ rung.--_n._ a sound, esp. of metals: the sound of many voices: a chime of many bells.--_ns._ RING'ER; RING'ING, the act of causing to sound, as music-bells: resounding.--_adv._ RING'INGLY.--RING BACKWARD, to change the order of ringing; RING DOWN, to conclude; RING IN (_theat._), to signal the conductor to begin; RINGING OF THE EARS, a sound in the ears; RING UP, to rouse by the ringing of a bell. [A.S. _hringan_; cog. with Ice. _hringja_, to ring bells, _hringla_, to clink, Dan. _ringle_, to tinkle.]

RINGE, rinj, _n._ a whisk made of heather.

RINGENT, rin'jent, _adj._ gaping.

RINGICULA, rin-jik'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of tectibranchiates.

RINK, ringk, _n._ the area where a race is run or games are played: a place artificially prepared for skating: a certain piece of ice marked off for curling--about 40 yards in length, and 9 in breadth. [Simply a variant of _ring_, a circle.]

RINSE, rins, _v.t._ to cleanse by introducing water: to cleanse with clean water.--_ns._ RINS'ER; RINS'ING-MACHINE', in cotton manufacture, a series of tanks for cleansing. [O. Fr. _rinser_ (Fr. _rincer_)--Ice. _hreinsa_; Ger. and Dut. _rein_, pure.]

RINTHEREOUT, rin'th[=a]r-[=oo]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a vagrant: a vagabond.

RIO, RIYO, r[=a]-[=o]', _n._ a Japanese ounce, esp. of silver: a tael.

RIOT, r[=i]'ot, _n._ uproar: tumult: a disturbance of the peace: excessive feasting: luxury.--_v.i._ to brawl: to raise an uproar: to run to excess in feasting, behaviour, &c.: to be highly excited: to throw into a tumult: to annoy.--_ns._ R[=I]'OTER; R[=I]'OTING; R[=I]'OTISE (_Spens._), riot, extravagance.--_adj._ R[=I]'OTOUS, engaging in riot: seditious: tumultuous: luxurious: wanton.--_adv._ R[=I]'OTOUSLY.--_ns._ R[=I]'OTOUSNESS; R[=I]'OTRY.--RIOT ACT, a statute designed to prevent riotous assemblies.--RUN RIOT, to act without restraint or control. [Fr. _riotte_; ety. dub.]

RIP, rip, _v.t._ to divide by cutting or tearing: to cut open: to take out by cutting or tearing: to tear up for search or alteration: to explode, give vent to.--_v.i._ to break out violently.--_v.t._ to utter violently (with _out_):--_pr.p._ rip'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ripped.--_n._ a tear: a rent: a place torn: (_slang_) a vicious person: a worthless horse: a ripple. [Scand., Norw. _ripa_, to scratch; Ice. _rífa_, to rive.]

RIP, rip, _n._ (_Scot._) a handful of grain not thrashed.

RIPARIAN, r[=i]-p[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to a river-bank: of animals, shore-loving.--_adj._ RIP[=A]'RIAL.--RIPARIAN NATIONS, nations possessing opposite banks of the same river; RIPARIAN PROPRIETOR, an owner who has property in the soil to the centre of the stream; RIPARIAN RIGHTS, the right of fishery belonging to the proprietor of a stream. [L. _ripa_, a river-bank.]

RIPE, r[=i]p, _adj._ ready for harvest: arrived at perfection: fit for use: developed to the utmost: finished: ready: resembling ripe fruit: mature, as ripe judgment.--_v.i._ to grow ripe, to ripen.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to make ripe.--_adv._ RIPE'LY.--_v.i._ R[=I]'PEN, to grow ripe: to approach or reach perfection.--_v.t._ to make ripe: to bring to perfection.--_n._ RIPE'NESS. [A.S. _ripe_, conn. with _rip_, harvest; cog. with Dut. _riip_, Ger. _reif_; akin to A.S. _ripan_, to reap.]

RIPE, r[=i]p, _v.t._ to search, to rummage. [_Rip._]

RIPIDOLITE, r[=i]-pid'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ the commonest member of the chlorite family of minerals.

RIPIENO, ri-py[=a]'n[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) supplementary.--_n._ a supplementary instrument or performer:--_pl._ RIPIE'NI.--_n._ RIPIENIST (ri-py[=a]'nist), a supplementary instrumentalist. [It.]

RIPON, RIPPON, rip'on, _n._ a spur. [_Ripon_, city.]

RIPOSTE, ri-p[=o]st', _n._ a quick short thrust in fencing: a repartee. [Fr.]

RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ a tool used in shaping roof-slates: a ripping-tool: one who does his work well: a robber.

RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ one who brings fish from the coast inland. [L. _riparius_.]

RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ a fog-horn.

RIPPLE, rip'l, _n._ the light fretting of the surface of water: a little curling wave.--_v.t._ to cause a ripple in.--_v.i._ to curl on the surface, as running water.--_ns._ RIPP'LE-BARR'EL, a drum used in theatres; RIPP'LE-GRASS, the rib-grass; RIPP'LE-MARK, a mark produced on sand at the bottom by the gentle flow of water: (_geol._) the mark left on a sea-beach by receding waves, and left impressed on the surface of rocks.--_adj._ RIPP'LE-MARKED.--_ns._ RIPP'LET, a small ripple: rippling: an eddy; RIPP'LING, an eddy caused by conflicting currents or tides--also _adj._--_adv._ RIPP'LINGLY.--_adj._ RIPP'LY, rippling. [Variant of earlier _rimple_, A.S. _hrimpan_, to wrinkle, pa.p. _hrumpen_.]

RIPPLE, rip'l, _v.t._ to pluck the seeds from stalks of flax by drawing them through an iron comb.--_n._ the comb for rippling.--_n._ RIPP'LER, an apparatus for rippling flax. [Low Ger. _repel_, _reppel_, a ripple, hoe, Ger. _riffel_.]

RIPRAP, rip'rap, _n._ broken stones used for walls.

RIPSACK, rip'sak, _n._ the Californian gray whale.

RIP-SAW, rip'-saw, _n._ a hand-saw, with large but narrow-set teeth, for sawing timber lengthwise.

RIPT=ripped. See RIP.

RIPUARIAN, rip-[=u]-[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ riparian.

RISALDAR, ris-al-där', _n._ the native commander of a troop of cavalry in the British Indian army.--_n._ RIS'ALA, a troop of native irregular cavalry.

RISBAN, ris'ban, _n._ a piece of ground upon which a fort is constructed for defence of a post. [Fr.,--Ger. _rissbank_.]

RISBERM, ris-berm', _n._ a glacis in jetties to withstand the violence of the sea.

RISE, r[=i]z, _v.i._ to move from a lower to a higher position: to stand up: to ascend: to grow upward: to swell in quantity or extent: to take an upright position: to leave the place of rest: to tower up: to appear above the horizon: to break forth: to appear: to have its source: to increase in size, value, &c.: to become excited or hostile: to break forth into commotion or insurrection: to increase in rank, fortune, or fame: to be promoted: to be perceptible to other senses: to excavate upward: to come to mind: to close a session: (_B._) to ascend from the grave:--_pa.t._ r[=o]se; _pa.p._ risen (riz'n).--_n._ act of rising: ascent: degree of elevation: a steep: origin: increase: (_archit._) the upright piece of a step from tread to tread: (_mining_) a shaft excavated from below: (_mus._) elevation of the voice.--_n._ R[=I]'SER, a rebel: one who, or that which, rises.--RISE FROM THE RANKS, to win a commission; RISE TO THE OCCASION, to be equal to an emergency.--TAKE A RISE OUT OF, to take the conceit out of a person by making him ridiculous. [A.S. _rísan_; Ice. _rísa_, Goth. _reisan_, Ger. _reisen_.]

RISE, r[=i]s, _n._ a twig, a small bush.--_ns._ RISE'BUSH, a faggot; R[=I]'SEL, a support for a climbing vine; RISE'-WOOD, small wood cut for hedging. [A.S. _hrís_; Ger. _reis_.]

RISHI, rish'i, _n._ a sage or poet, the author of a Vedic hymn.--THE SEVEN RISHIS, the stars of the Great Bear. [Sans.]

RISIBLE, riz'i-bl, _adj._ capable of exciting laughter: laughable: amusing.--_ns._ RISIBIL'ITY, quality of being risible; RIS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ RIS'IBLY. [L. _risibilis_--_rid[=e]re_, _risum_, to laugh.]

RISING, r[=i]'zing, _n._ act of rising: a revolt: resurrection: the quantity of dough set to rise at one time: (_B._) a tumour.--_adj._ increasing in importance: advancing: approaching a specified amount, as rising three years old.--_ns._ R[=I]'SING-LARK, the skylark; R[=I]'SING-LINE, a line drawn to determine the sweep of the floor-heads throughout the ship's length; R[=I]'SING-MAIN, the column of pumps in a mine through which water is lifted to the surface; R[=I]'SING-SEAT, in a Friends' meeting, that occupied by ministers and elders.

RISK, risk, _n._ hazard: chance of loss or injury.--_v.t._ to expose to hazard: to venture, to take the chance of.--_n._ RISK'ER, one who risks.--_adj._ RISK'Y, dangerous: venturesome.--RUN A RISK, to incur hazard. [Fr. _risque_ (It. _risico_)--Sp. _risco_, a rock--L. _resec[=a]re_, to cut off--_re-_, off, _sec[=a]re_, to cut.]

RISLEY, riz'li, _n._ a Risley performer is an acrobat who lies on his back and carries burdens on his feet.

RISORIAL, r[=i]-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ risible, causing laughter.--_n._ RIS[=O]'RIUS, the laughing muscle. [_Risible_.]

RISOTTO, ri-zot't[=o], _n._ a stew of onions, butter, rice. [It.]

RISP, risp, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to rasp.

RISP, risp, _n._ a branch, green stalks.

RISSA, ris'a, _n._ the genus of birds including the kittiwakes.

RISSOLE, ris'[=o]l, _n._ fish or meat minced and fried with bread-crumbs and egg. [Fr.]

RISTORI, ris-t[=o]'ri, _n._ a woman's loose open jacket--from Madame _Ristori_, the famous actress.

RISUS, r[=i]'sus, _n._ a laugh: a grin. [L.]

RIT, rit, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to strike.--_n._ a scratch, tear, &c. [Dut. _ritten_, to tear.]

RITARDANDO, r[=e]-tar-dan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) diminishing in speed. [It.]

RITE, r[=i]t, _n._ a religious usage or ceremony.--_adv._ RITE'LY, with due rites.--AMBROSIAN RITE, the Ambrosian office and liturgy; MOZARABIC RITE (see MOZARABIC). [L. _ritus_.]

RITHE, r[=i]_th_, _n._ (_prov._) a small stream. [A.S. _ríth_.]

RITORNELLE, r[=e]-tor-nel', _n._ (_mus._) an instrumental prelude belonging to a vocal work.--Also RITORNEL'LO. [It.]

RITTER, rit'[.e]r, _n._ a knight.--_n._ RITT'-MAS'TER, a captain of cavalry. [Ger. _ritter_.]

RITTOCK, rit'ok, _n._ the common tern.--Also RÍPP'OCK.

RITUAL, rit'[=u]-al, _adj._ consisting of or prescribing rites.--_n._ manner of performing divine service, or a book containing it: the body of rites employed in the church: the code of ceremonies observed by an organisation, as the ritual of the Freemasons.--_ns._ RIT'[=U]ALISM, systems of rituals or prescribed forms of religion: the observance of them: the name popularly given to the great increase of ceremonial and symbolism by means of special vestments, &c., in the Church of England since about 1860-65: RIT'[=U]ALIST, one skilled in or devoted to a ritual: one of the party devoted to ritualism in the Church of England.--_adj._ RIT[=U]ALIST'IC, pertaining to the ritual.--_adv._ RIT'[=U]ALLY. [L. _ritualis_; cf. _Rite_.]

RIVA, r[=i]'va, _n._ a rift or cleft. [Ice. _rifa_.]

RIVAGE, riv'[=a]j, _n._ a bank, shore. [Fr.,--L. _ripa_, a bank.]

RIVAL, r[=i]'val, _n._ one pursuing the same object as another: one who strives to equal or excel another: a competitor.--_adj._ having the same claims: standing in competition.--_v.t._ to stand in competition with: to try to gain the same object as another: to try to equal or excel:--_pr.p._ r[=i]'valling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ r[=i]'valled.--_n._ R[=I]'VALESS, a female rival.--_adj._ R[=I]'VAL-H[=A]T'ING, jealous.--_v.i._ R[=I]'VALISE, to enter into rivalry.--_ns._ RIVAL'ITY (_Shak._), rivalry, equality in rank or authority; R[=I]'VALRY, act of rivalling: competition: emulation; R[=I]'VALSHIP, emulation. [Fr.,--L. _rivalis_--_rivus_, a brook.]

RIVE, r[=i]v, _v.t._ to tear asunder: to split: to pierce: to explode.--_v.i._ to be split asunder:--_pa.t._ r[=i]ved; _pa.p._ r[=i]ved, riv'en.--_n._ that which is torn. [Scand., Ice. _rífa_, to rive; Dut. _rijven_, Ger. _reiben_.]

RIVE, r[=i]v, _n._ a bank: shore.--_v.i._ to land.

RIVEL, riv'el, _v.t._ to wrinkle. [A.S. _rifian_, to wrinkle.]

RIVELING, riv'ling, _n._ a rough shoe once worn in Scotland: (_obs._) a Scotchman. [A.S. _rifeling_.]

RIVER, riv'[.e]r, _n._ a large running stream of water.--_adj._ RIV'ERAIN, riparian.--_ns._ RIV'ER-BANK, the bank of a river; RIV'ER-B[=A]S'IN, the whole region drained by a river and its affluents; RIV'ER-BED, the channel in which a river flows; RIV'ER-BIRCH, the red birch; RIV'ER-BOTT'OM, the alluvial land along the margin of a river; RIV'ER-CARP, the common carp; RIV'ER-CHUB, the horny-head or jerker; RIV'ER-COURSE, the bed of a river; RIV'ER-CRAB, a fresh-water crab; RIV'ER-CRAFT, small vessels which ply on rivers; RIV'ER-CRAY'FISH, a crayfish proper; RIV'ER-DOL'PHIN, a Gangetic dolphin; RIV'ER-DRAG'ON (_Milt._), a crocodile; RIV'ER-DUCK, a fresh-water duck; RIV'ERET, RIV'ERLING, a small river; RIV'ER-FLAT, alluvial land along a river; RIV'ER-GOD, the tutelary deity of a river; RIV'ER-HEAD, the spring of a river; RIV'ER-HOG, the capybara; RIV'ER-HORSE, the hippopotamus.--_adj._ RIV'ERINE, pertaining to, or resembling, a river.--_ns._ RIV'ER-JACK, the common water-snake of Europe; RIV'ER-MAN, one who makes his livelihood by dragging the river for sunken goods; RIVER-MUSS'EL, a fresh-water mussel; RIV'ER-OTT'ER, the common European otter; RIV'ER-PERCH, a Californian surf-fish; RIV'ER-PIE, the water-ousel; RIV'ER-SHORE, the shore or bank of a river; RIV'ER-SIDE, the bank of a river; RIV'ER-SMELT, the gudgeon; RIV'ER-SNAIL, a pond snail; RIV'ER-SWALL'OW, the sand-martin; RIV'ER-TIDE, the tide from the sea rising or ebbing in a river; RIV'ER-TOR'TOISE, a soft-shelled turtle; RIV'ER-WALL, a wall made to confine the waters of a river within definite bounds.--_adj._ RIV'ERY, pertaining to rivers, like rivers. [Fr. _rivière_ (It. _riviera_, shore, river)--Low L. _riparia_, a shore district--L. _ripa_, a bank.]

RIVESALTES, r[=e]v'salt, _n._ a sweet wine made from Muscat grapes. [_Rivésaltes_ in southern France.]

RIVET, riv'et, _n._ bearded wheat.

RIVET, riv'et, _n._ a bolt of metal fastened by being hammered at both ends.--_v.t._ to fasten with a rivet: to make firm or immovable:--_pr.p._ riv'eting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ riv'eted.--_ns._ RIV'ET-CUT'TER, a tool for cutting off the ends of rivets; RIV'ETER, RIV'ETTER; RIV'ET-HEARTH, a light portable furnace for heating rivets; RIV'ETING; RIV'ETING-HAMM'ER; RIV'ETING-MACHINE', a power-machine for forcing hot rivets into position in metal-work, and heading them; RIV'ETING-SET, a hollow-faced punch for swaging rivet-heads; RIV'ET-KNOB, a tool for swaging rivet-heads; RIV'ET-MACHINE', a machine for making rivets from rod-iron. [O. Fr. _rivet_; acc. to Diez from the root of Ice. _rífa_, Dan. _rive_, Ger. _reiben_, Eng. _rive_.]

RIVIÈRE, r[=e]-vi[=a]r, _n._ a necklace of precious stones, particularly diamonds. [Fr.]

RIVINA, ri-v[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants, the pokeweed family.

RIVING, r[=i]'ving, _n._ the act of separating.--_ns._ RI'VING-KNIFE, a tool for splitting shingles; R[=I]'VING-MACHINE', a machine for splitting wood for hoops.

RIVO, r[=i]'v[=o], _interj._ (_Shak._) a drinking cry.

RIVOSE, r[=i]'v[=o]s, _adj._ furrowed. [L. _rivus_, a stream.]

RIVULARIA, riv-[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of fresh-water algæ.

RIVULET, riv'[=u]-let, _n._ a small stream, brook: a geometrid moth.--_adj._ RIV'[=U]LOSE (_bot._), marked with irregular lines. [L. _rivulus_--_rivus_, a stream.]

RIX-DOLLAR, riks'-dol'ar, _n._ the rigs-daler of Denmark, &c.

RIXY, rik'si, _n._ (_prov._) the sea-swallow.

RIXY, rik'si, _adj._ quarrelsome.--_n._ RIX[=A]'TION, a brawl. [Fr. _rixe_--L. _rixa_, a quarrel.]

RIZOM, riz'om, _n._ a plume, as of oats.--_adj._ RIZ'OMED (_her._), having grains, as an oat-stalk.

RIZZER, riz'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to dry in the sun.--_n._ a rizzered haddock.

RIZZER, riz'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a red currant.

RIZZLE, riz'l, _v.t._ (_prov._) to roast imperfectly.

RIZZLE, riz'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to creep, as ivy.

ROACH, r[=o]ch, _n._ a silvery fresh-water fish: a concave curve in the foot of a square sail.--_v.t._ to arch: to cut short. [O. Fr. _roche_--Teut.; Ger. _roche_.]

ROACH, r[=o]ch, _n._ a rock: refuse gritty stone.--AS SOUND AS A ROACH, perfectly sound.

ROAD, r[=o]d, _n._ a highway for traffic: (_B._) a plundering excursion.--_ns._ ROAD, ROAD'STEAD, ROADS, a place where ships ride at anchor; ROAD'-[=A]G'ENT, a highwayman: a commercial traveller; ROAD'-BED, the bed or foundation of a road: the whole superstructure thereon; ROAD'-BOOK, a guide-book; ROAD'-CAR, a kind of omnibus; ROAD'-HARR'OW, a machine for dragging over roads out of repair; ROAD'ING, the act of running races with teams; ROAD'-LEV'EL, a plumb-level used in the construction of roads; ROAD'-LOCOM[=O]'TIVE, a road-steamer; ROAD'-MACHINE', a scraper used in road-making; ROAD'MAN, ROADS'MAN, one who keeps a road in repair; ROAD'-MET'AL, broken stones for roads; ROAD'-ROLL'ER, a heavy roller used on a macadamised road; ROAD'-RUN'NER, a large ground-cuckoo; ROAD'-SCR[=A]P'ER, an implement for levelling roads and clearing them of loose stones, &c.; ROAD'SIDE, footpath: wayside; ROAD'STEAD, a place near a shore where vessels may anchor; ROAD'-STEAM'ER, a locomotive with broad wheels for roads; ROAD'STER, a horse for driving or riding on the road: a coach-driver: a bicycle, or tricycle; ROAD'-SURVEY'OR, one who supervises roads; ROAD'WAY, the way or part of a road or street travelled by carriages; ROAD'-WEED, a plant of the genus Plantago.--_adj._ ROAD'WORTHY, fit for the road.--BY THE ROAD, by the highway; ON THE ROAD, travelling; RULE OF THE ROAD, the custom of the country in passing on a highway; TAKE TO THE ROAD, to become a highwayman. [A.S. _rád_, a riding--_rád_, pa.t. of _rídan_, to ride.]

ROAM, r[=o]m, _v.i._ to rove about: to ramble.--_v.t._ to wander over: to range.--_n._ ROAM'ER, a wanderer. [M. E. _romen_, _ramen_; allied to A.S. _á-r['æ]man_, to spread out, Old High Ger. _r[=a]man_, _r[=a]men_, to direct one's course; the meaning influenced by M. E. _Rome-rennere_, a pilgrim.]

ROAN, r[=o]n, _adj._ having a bay or dark colour, with spots of gray and white: of a mixed colour, with a decided shade of red.--_n._ a roan colour: a roan horse: grained sheepskin leather. [O. Fr. _roan_ (Fr. _rouan_)--Low L. _rufanus_--L. _rufus_, red.]

ROAN-TREE, r[=o]n'-tr[=e]. See _Rowan_.

ROAR, r[=o]r, _v.i._ to utter a full, loud sound: to bellow, as a beast: to cry aloud: to bawl: to guffaw.--_n._ a full, loud sound: the cry of a beast: an outcry of mirth, esp. of laughter.--_ns._ ROAR'ER; ROAR'ING, act or sound of roaring: a disease of horses causing them to roar in breathing.--_adv._ ROAR'INGLY.--ROARING BOYS, swaggerers; ROARING FORTIES, the stormy tract between 49° and 50° N. latitude; ROARING GAME, curling. [A.S. _rárian_; Mid. High Ger. _r[=e]ran_, Ger. _röhren_, to cry as a stag, to bellow.]

ROAST, r[=o]st, _v.t._ to cook before a fire, or in an oven: to expose a person to ridicule: to parch by exposure to heat: to heat to excess: to dissipate the volatile parts of by heat.--_n._ that which is roasted.--_ns._ ROAS'TER, anything suitable for roasting: a furnace used in making ball soda; ROAS'TER-SLAG, slag from the fifth stage of copper-smelting; ROAS'TING; ROAS'TING-CYL'INDER, a furnace for roasting ore; ROAS'TING-EAR, an ear of maize fit for roasting; ROAS'TING-JACK, an apparatus for turning the spit on which meat is roasted; ROAS'TING-KILN; ROAS'TING-OV'EN; ROAST'-[=I]'RON, a gridiron.--ROASTBEEF PLANT, an iris of Western Europe.--RULE THE ROAST, to domineer. [A.S. _róstian_; cog. with Dut. _roosten_, Ger. _rösten_; or O. Fr. _rostir_ (Fr. _rôtir_)--Old High Ger. _r[=o]stan_; or Celt., as Gael. _rost_, W. _rhostio_, Bret. _rosta_, all meaning to roast.]

ROB, rob, _v.t._ to take away from by force or theft: to plunder: to steal: to deprive: (_B._) to withhold what is due.--_v.i._ to commit robbery:--_pr.p._ rob'bing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ robbed.--_ns._ ROB'BER, one who robs; ROB'BER-COUN'CIL (_Latrocinium Ephesinum_), the council which met at Ephesus in August 449, under the presidency of Dioscurus, whose horde of fanatical monks by sheer violence carried the restoration of Eutyches--its resolutions were annulled at Chalcedon in 451; ROB'BER-CRAB, a hermit-crab; ROB'BER-FLY, any dipterous insect of the family _Asilidæ_; ROB'BER-GULL, the skua; ROB'BERY, theft from the person, aggravated by violence or intimidation: plundering.--ROBBING PETER TO PAY PAUL, paying and repaying out of the same fund: taking what is due to one to pay another. [O. Fr. _rober_--Old High Ger. _roub[=o]n_, Ger. _rauben_.]

ROB, rob, _n._ the juice of ripe fruit mixed with honey or sugar. [Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. _robb_, purified syrup of boiled fruit.]

ROBALO, rob'a-l[=o], _n._ a fish of the genus _Centropomus_. [Sp.,--L. _labrus_--Gr. _labrax_.]

ROBBIN, rob'in, _n._ a short piece of spun-yarn to fasten the head of a sail: the spring of a carriage: the package in which spices, &c., are exported from the East Indies.