Chapter XXXVII: External Oppression and Internal Consolidation (4)

"=Lithuanian Statute=" (1566) imposes restrictions on Jews, I
87
blood accusations in, I 87 f, 96, 162 ff
"Union of Lublin" affects unfavorably Jews of, I 88
Ukrainian rebels penetrate into, I 149
invaded by Russians (1654 ff), I 153 ff, 156, 264
Jews, persecuted by Cossacks, flee to, I 157
Jewish cultural center moves to, I 159 f
Jewish conditions in, described by Solomon Maimon, I 239 f
Jews of, barred from Russia, I 243 f;
yet penetrate into Moscow, I 245
numbers of Jews in, I 263 f
included in Pale (1795), I 317;
(1804), I 342;
(1835), II 39
Polish nobility of, advocate Jewish reforms (1800), I 325 f
Jews establish woolen mills in, I 363
Jewish agricultural colonies in, II 72
Jews admitted to municipal government in, I 369;
but speedily disfranchised, I 370
Jews of, loyal to Russia in Polish insurrections of 1861 and
1863, II 107, 182 f
Russian authorities of, believe Brafman's charges against Jews,
II 189
pogroms checked in, II 267, 276
Jewish labor movement in, III 55
Jews of, called Litvaks, object of Polish anti-Semitism, III
166 f
Jewish communities of, represented on Council of Four Lands,
I 110;
but later form separate Council (1623), I 112, 193 f, 195
Michael Yosefovich appointed "senior" of Jews of, I 72
Kahals of, granted right of _herem_ (1672), I 190
different intellectual development in, I 221
strong position of Rabbinism and Talmudism in, I 199 f, 221,
II 113
Elijah of Vilna, champion of Rabbinism in, see Elijah of Vilna
yeshibahs of, adopt method of Elijah of Vilna, I 381 f
Messianism preached among Jews of, I 208
Hasidim penetrates into, I 230 ff, 237
type of Hasidism in, I 232 f
rabbis of, oppose Hasidism, II 233, 237 f
Kahals of, appealed to against Hasidism, I 373
Hasidism weak in, I 274, 372
Hasidim of, denounced to Russian authorities, I 376
spirit of denunciation (_mesirah_) among Jews of, I 377 f
disintegration of Kahals in, I 275 f
Jews of, plead for preservation of Kahal courts, I 320
greater political sense among Jews of, I 379
rabbis of, arbitrate between Kahal and rabbi of Vilna, I 276
rabbis of, appeal to I. B. Levinsohn to refute blood accusation,
II 131
opposition to secular learning among Jews of, II 114 f
Haskalah movement in, see Haskalah and Vilna
Hebrew writers originate from, II 238

=Little Poland=, see Poland, Little

=Little Russia=, see Russia, Little

=Livadia=, summer residence of Alexander III., II 429, III 18

=Livonia=, inhabitants of, demand admission of Jews, I 256
Empress Elizabeth refuses to admit Jews into, I 257
Jews expelled from (1744), I 257
Jewish newcomers expelled from (1829), II 32;
see Baltic Provinces

=Lizno= (Galicia), Elimelech of, hasidic leader, I 232

=Lobanov-Rostoveki=, chairman of Committee for Amelioration of
Jews (1871), II 191

=Lobzovo=, near Cracow, residence of Estherka, favorite of Casimir
the Great, I 53

=Lodz=, Jewish labor movement in, III 55
pogrom at, III 119 f
economic success of Jews in, stimulate Polish boycott, II 166

=Loewenthal=, professor, sent by Baron Hirsch to Argentina, II
416

=Lokhvitz= (province), massacre at (1618), I 145

=London=, Moses Montefiore of, goes to Russia, II 68
M'Caul, missionary in, II 131
Jewish Socialist Society in, II 223
Mansion House Meeting held in (February 1, 1882), II 288 ff
Lord Mayor of, presides at meeting, II 288;
and joins pogrom committee, II 291
bishop of, joins pogrom committee, II 291
secret circular of Plehve circulated in, II 381
new protest meeting planned in, II 382
Guildhall Meeting held in (December 10, 1890), II 388 ff
effect of protest meeting in, felt in St. Petersburg, II 397
f
Moscow refugees in, II 408
Jewish Colonization Association in, II 414, 419
Fourth Zionist Congress held in, III 45
_L. Times_ publishes account of pogroms and persecutions, II
287;
attacks Russia, II 381, 389 f;
publishes secret letter of Plehve, III 77

=Longinus=, see _Dlugosh_

=Lopukhin=, Russian prosecutor general, receives denunciation
against Hasidim, I 375 f

=Loris-Melikov=, Russian statesman, favors popular representation,
II 245
discusses Jewish question with American Minister, II 293

=Louis of Hungary=, Polish king (1370-1382), persecutes Jews,
I 54

=Louisiana=, Jewish agricultural colonies, in, II 374

"=Love of Zion=," see Zionism

=Lovich=, Synod of (1720), forbids building or repairing of synagogues,
I 171

=Lozno= (government of Moghilev), residence of Shneor Zalman,
founder of _Habad_, I 234, 330, 372, 376, 378, II 117

=Lubavichi= (government of Moghilev), residence of Shneor Zalman's
successors, II 117

=Lubbock, Sir John=, protests against pogroms, II 288

=Lubenski=, Polish Minister of Justice, objects to emancipation
of Jews, I 300 f
suggests law barring Jews from liquor trade, I 304

=Lublin=, leading city of Little Poland and capital of Poland,
I 42, 110
"Union of" (1569), I 88

=Lublin= (province), annexed by Austria (1795), I 297
ritual murder cases in, I 96, 100
Crown Tribunal in, tries ritual murder cases, I 96, 100, 172
conference of rabbis and Kahal elders meet at, I 109 f, 123
Council of Four Lands meets periodically at, I 110, 152, 194
community of, receives royal permission to open yeshibah (1567),
I 115
printing-press in, I 131, 196
disputations between Jews and Christians at, I 136
Gedaliah Lifschitz, Hebrew author, of, I 133
Jacob Itzhok, hasidic leader, of, I 384
Martin Chekhovich, Christian theologian, of, I 136
Rabbis of:
Shalom Shakhna, father of Polish Talmudism, I 105, 122
f
Israel, son of former, I 123
Joshua Falk Cohen, I 112, 128
Solomon Luria (_Maharshal_), I 125
Mordecai Jaffe, I 127
Meir of (=Maharam=), I 128 f, 199
Samuel Edels (=Maharsho=), I 129
Towns in:
Shchebreshin, I 158
Voistovitza, I 178
Zamoshch, I 203

=Lubliner=, Polish-Jewish writer and patriot, II 109

=Lubny= (province of Poltava), Cossack massacres at (1637), I
144; (1648), I 145

=Lubomirski=, Polish Crown Marshal, imposes tax on Jews sojourning
in Warsaw, I 268 f

=Lueger=, anti-Semitic burgomaster of Vienna, III 32

=Luga= (government of St. Petersburg), Alexander I. causes expulsion
of Jews from, I 409

=Lukasinski, Valerian=, Polish army officer, defends Jews, II
97 f

=Lukov= (province of Shedletz), I 287

=Luria, Isaac= (Ari), name explained, I 134
influence of Cabala system of, on Poland, I 134, 202
study of writings of, forbidden before age of forty, I 214
writings of, studied by Besht, I 223
prayer-book of, accepted by Hasidim, I 231

=Luria, Solomon= (Reshal or Maharshal) native of Posen, I 124
rabbi in Ostrog and Lublin, I 125
follows casuistic method of Tosafists, I 125
criticises _Shulhan Arukh_, I 125
gravitates towards mysticism, I 126
criticises study of Aristotle in yeshibahs, I 120
leaves profound impress on posterity, I 199

=Lutherans=, Isaac Troki argues with, I 137; see Reformation

=Lutostanski, Hippolyte=, accuses Jews of ritual murder, II 203
f
receives acknowledgment from Alexander III., 203, 244

=Lutzk= (Volhynia), Crimean Jews settle in, I 35
important Jewish community in, I 59
Karaites in, I 60
Jews of, expelled (1495), I 65

=Lvov=, see Lemberg

=Lvov=, Russian statesman, discloses connection between Government
and pogroms, III 125 f

=Lyck= (Prussia), _ha-Maggid_, published in, II 217

=Lysyanka= (province of Kiev), massacre at, I 184

=Maeotis=, see Azov, Sea of

"=Magdeburg Law=," name explained, I 44
granted to Germans in Poland, I 44
bestowed on city of Lemberg, I 53
granted to Karaites of Lithuania, I 61;
and confirmed, I 64
taken advantage of by Polish estates to oppress Jews, I 74
Jews exempted from jurisdiction of, I 94
Jewish Kahal forms counterpart to, I 103; see also Autonomy

=Magister=, Russian university degree, explained, II 165

=Magistracies=, see Municipalities

=Maimon, Solomon=, born in Lithuania, I 239
receives talmudic education, I 239
studies in Germany, I 239 f
student of Kantian philosophy, I 240
writes "Autobiography," I 240
quoted, I 221

=Maimonides=, philosophic writings of, studied by Moses Isserles,
I 126; and Mordecai Jaffe, I 132
studied and interpreted by Solomon Maimon, I 240
influences Shneor Zalmon, I 382
does not appeal to Nahman of Bratzlav, I 383
invoked by Maskilim in support of secular learning, II 126
quoted, II 119

=Makarov= (government of Kiev), hasidic center, II 120

=Makov=, chairman of Commission for Revision of Laws concerning
Jews, II 336

=Malakh, Hayyim=, Sabbatian propagandist, I 208
joins Judah Hasid, I 209
heads party of pilgrims to Palestine, I 209
holds Sabbatian services in Jerusalem, I 210

=Melchevski=, Polish bishop, invites David Friedländer to render
opinion on Polish-Jewish question, II 90

=Maliss, Eda=, victim of pogrom, II 302

=Manasseh, I., and II.=, kings of Khazars, I 26

=Manassein=, Minister of Justice, excludes Jews from Russian
bar, II 352

=Mandelstamm=, successor to Max Lilienthal, II 118

=Mandelstamm=, professor, of Kiev, insists on necessity of organizing
emigration, II 298
attends conference of Jewish notables in St. Petersburg, II
304
denounces Ignatyev's offer to settle Jews in Central Asia,
II 306
supports Zionist leaders in Western Europe, III 47

=Manifesto=, name explained, II 246
coronation M. of Alexander II. abolishes Jewish conscription,
II 155 f
M. of Alexander III. promising to uphold autocracy, II 246
coronation M. of Alexander III. disregards Jews, II 338
M. of Nicholas II., on birth of heir-apparent Alexis, offers
trifling alleviations to Jews, III 98
M. of October 17, promising Constitution, III 127; followed
by pogroms, III 127 ff
Vyborg M., see Vyborg

=Mankup= (=Mangup=), Crimean city, I 26

=Manning=, cardinal, protests at Mansion House Meeting against
pogroms, II 289 f
joins pogrom committee, II 291
expresses sympathy with Guildhall Meeting, II 390

=Mansion House Meeting=, see London

_Mapu, Abraham_, Hebrew writer, II 226 ff

=Margolis, M.=, Jewish expert, invited by Pahlen Commission,
II 369

=Marini=, general of Dominican Order, deprecates persecution
of Polish Jews, I 165

=Mark= (=Mordecai=), victim of blood accusation, I 100

=Markovich, Moses=, "general syndic" of Polish Jews, I 160

=Marriage=, among Jews, restrictions placed upon, by Polish Diet
(1775), I 267; disregarded, I 268
limitation of number of M's proposed by Poles, I 282
age of, restricted by Russian law (1835), II 40
early M's in vogue, II 112

=Marseilles=, Altaras of, visits Russia, II 69

=Masalski=, bishop of Vilna, employs Berek Yoselovich, I 294

=Maskilim=, see Haskalah

=Massacres=, see Pogroms

=Masudi=, Arabic writer, quoted, I 23 f

=May Laws=, see Temporary Rules

=Maximova=, witness in ritual murder case, II 82

=Mazovia=, Polish principality and province, I 42, 85
annexed by Prussia (1795), I 297

=M'Caul=, London missionary, attacks Talmud, II 131

=Me'assef=, Hebrew periodical, I 386; II 137

=Meat Tax=, see Tax

=Meath, Earl of=, addresses Guildhall Meeting, II 391

=Mechanics=, see Artisans

=Mechislav=, prince of Great Poland, forbids violence against
Jews, I 42

=Mechislav= (=Meshko=), Polish king, mentioned on coins, I 42

=Medicine=, see Physicians

=Medzhibozh= (Podolia), Besht settles in, I 225
visited by his disciples, I 228
residence of Borukh Tulchinski, I 384;
and his disciples, II 121

=Meir= of Lublin (_Maharam_), rabbi and scholar, I 128 f
leaves profound impress on posterity, I 199

=Meir=, of Shchebreshin, describes Cossack persecutions, I 158

=Meir=, of Tarnopol, Hebrew author, I 201

=Meisels, Berush=, rabbi in Cracow, and member of Austrian parliament,
II 179
rabbi in Warsaw, and active in Polish Insurrection (1863),
II 179 ff

=Melammed=, see Heder

=Melitopol= (government of Tavrida), pogrom at, III 115

=Melitzah=, conventionalized Hebrew style, II 225, 228

=Menahem=, king of Khazars, I 26

=Mendel=, chief rabbi of Great Poland, I 104

=Mendel Kotzker=, hasidic leader, II 122

=Mendel=, of Lubavichi, see Shneorsohn

=Mendel=, of Vitebsk, hasidic leader, I 234

=Mendele Mokher Sforim=, see Abramovich

=Mendelssohn, Moses=, "Father of Enlightenment," I 238, II 125
"Enlightenment" of, contrasted with Russian Haskalah, II 137
followers of, among Polish and Russian Jews, I 239, 331, 384,
385, 387
Isaac Baer Levinsohn, called "the Russian M.," II 125
Bible translation of, rendered into Russian, II 118
David Friedländer, pupil of, approached by Polish Government,
II 90
attacked by Smolenskin, II 235
Wessely, associate of, II 135

=Mengli-Guiray=, Khan of Crimea,
communicates with prince of Moscow through Jewish agents, I
35 f

=Menorah=, represented on tombstones in Tauris, I 16

=Merchants=, the, form separate estate in Russia, I 308
exempted from military service, II 20
called to military service (1874), II 200
few first-guild Jewish M's. in Pale, II 162
Jewish M. permitted temporary visit to Interior (1835), II
40
admission of, into Interior voted down by Council of State,
II 35 f;
discussed by Committee for Amelioration of Jews, II 161 f
Jewish first-guild M's. admitted into Interior (1859), II 62,
343
attempt to exclude Jewish M's. from Interior (under Alexander
III.), II 399
permitted to remain in Moscow, III 14;
but restricted in rights, III 15
See Commerce

=Meshcherski=, Count, editor of anti-semitic weekly _Grazhdanin_,
II 380, 413

=Meshko=, see Mechislav

=Mesirah= ("Informing") develops among Jews under Russian rule,
I 377
discharged rabbi of Pinsk engages in, I 377 f
in Novaya Ushitza, II 84 f, 121
in Mstislavl, II 85 ff

=Messianism=, preached in Poland, I 204 ff
superseded by Hasidism, I 222
defended by Smolenskin, II 235
"Love of Zion" viewed with suspicion by Orthodox as rival of,
II 377
Messianic character of Political Zionism, III 48

=Methodius=, Slavonian missionary, engages in disputation with
Jews, I 18

=Metternich=, represents Austria at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle,
I 399

=Mezherich= (or =Mezhirich=), Volhynia, hasidic center, I 229
f
Baer of M., called "Mazhiricher Maggid," I 227, 229 f, 384,
II 120

=Michinski=, =Sebastian=, Polish anti-Semitic writer, I 97

=Mickiewicz=, see Mitzkevich

=Mikhailishok= (government of Vilna), residence of Abraham Lebensohn,
II 134

=Mikolski=, Polish priest, favors Frankists, I 216

=Mikweh Israel=, agricultural settlement in Palestine, II 322

=Miletus= (Asia Minor), Jewish community in, I 14

=Military Service= (or =Conscription=), Jews of Poland free from,
I 304
payment of ransom in lieu of, confirmed by Polish law (1812),
I 304;
(1817), II 95;
(1831), II 107
imposed on Jews of Poland (1843), II 109
imposed on Jews of Austria, II 30
merchants in Russia exempted from, by paying conscription tax,
I 318; II 15
merchants subjected to (1874), II 200
imposition of, on Jews planned by Alexander I., II 15
conceived by Nicholas I. as means of de-Judaization, II 15
danger of imposition of, on Jews set forth by Novosiltzev,
II 16
Jews alarmed by rumors concerning imposition of, II 17
imposed upon Jews by conscription ukase of August 26, 1827,
II 18 ff, ukase reaffirmed in Statute of 1835, II 41
juvenile M. S., see Cantonists
certain classes of Jews exempted from, II 20
weight of, falls principally on burghers, II 29
horrors of, II 24 ff, 27 ff, 145 ff
Jews of Old-Constantinov "protest" against, II 21 f
early marriages due to fear of, II 28
alleviations in, proposed by Council of State and rejected
by Nicholas I., II 36
ineffectiveness of, in reforming Jews pointed out by Council
of State (1840), II 48
term of, reduced for graduates of Crown schools (1844), II
58
Jewish agriculturists exempted from, II 71
shunned by Russians in general, II 146
evaded by Jews, II 146
barbarous penalties decreed for evasion of (1850), II 147 f
severities of, repealed by Alexander II. (1856), II 155 ff
tax in lieu of, proposed for graduates of secular schools and
rejected (1859), II 164
newly regulated by Law of 1874, II 199 ff
discriminations against Jews in new M. S. Statute of 1874,
II 200 f, 355
evasion of, punished by fining family of recruit (1886), II
356
fine for evasion of, stimulates emigration, II 373, 414
Jewish emigrants relieved from, II 420
See Army, Recruits, and Soldiers

=Milton=, indirect effect of, on Hebrew literature, II 135

=Minor=, rabbi of Moscow, refuses blackmail offer of Lutostanski,
II 203
dismissed from office and exiled by Russian Government, II
423 f

=Minsk= (city), Jews of, complain against abuses of Kahal, I
275
Kahal of, decides to send deputation to Tzar, I 336
Jews of, communicate with Jews of Vilna concerning Hasidism,
I 373
Max Lilienthal opposed by Jews of, II 55
visited by Alexander II., II 187
minutes of Kahal of, used by Brafman as incriminating material,
II 189
growth of pauperism in, III 24
Convention of Russian Zionists at, III 45, 51, 59
pogrom at, III 119
Jewish community of, protests against denial of Jewish franchise,
III 121
Jehiel Halperin, rabbi of, I 200
Naphtali, resident of, Hebrew author, I 201
Pollak, resident of, offers to establish agricultural farms,
III 25

=Minsk= (province, or government), annexed by Russia (1793),
I 292
included in Pale (1794), I 316 f;
(1804), I 342;
(1835), II 39
famine in, I 322 f
Polish nobles of, propose restrictions for Jews, I 322 ff
Jewish deputies from, active in St. Petersburg, I 337
Jews of, asked to elect delegates, I 349
massacre of Jews and Russians threatened by Poles in, I 357
Solomon of Karlin killed by troops in, I 372
placed under military dictatorship of Muravyov, II 188
Brafman, accuser of Jews, native of, II 187
Localities in:
Bobovnia, II 80
Mir, II 113
Nesvizh, I 239

=Mint=, Polish, administered by Jews, I 42

=Mir= (government of Minsk), yeshibah at, II 113

=Mishnah=, term explained, II 114

=Mithnagdim=, name of opponents of Hasidim, I 238, 372
oppose Hasidim, I 274, 278, 372, 375

=Mitropolit=, highest ecclesiastic title in Russia, III 125

=Mitzkevich= (_Polish_, Myckiewicz), Adam, Polish poet friendly
to Jews, II 108

=Mizrahi=, Orthodox Zionists, III 47

=Mladanovich=, Polish governor of Uman, betrays Jews, I 184
killed by Haidamucks, I 185

=Mocatta, Moses=, English translator of Isaac Troki's work, I
130

=Modebadze, Sarre=, Gruzinian girl, alleged victim of ritual
murder, II 204

=Moghilev, on the Dnieper= (city), I 98
Jews of, transferred to outskirts of city (1633), I 98;
and barred from Christian neighborhood (1646), I 98 f
Jews of, expelled by invading Russians (1654), I 153;
and massacred by Russian soldiers, I 154, 245
echo of Sabbatian propaganda, in, I 205
rabbinical conference at, protests against Hasidism, I 238
Kahal of, appealed to by Vilna Gaon against Hasidism, I 373
Shmerling, deputy from, dies at St. Petersburg Conference (1882),
II 304
pogrom at (1904), III 100 f;
avenged by Jewish youth, III 107

=Moghilev= (government), forms part of White Russia, I 187, 262,
307
communities of, form federation, I 196
Polish Jewish prisoners of war from, form nucleus of Moscow
community, I 245
Jews of, visit Smolensk and Moscow, I 315
made part of Pale (1794), I 317;
(1835), II 40
Jewish deputies from, arrive in St. Petersburg (1803), I 337
Jews of, invited to send delegates (1807), I 349
Jews from apply to be settled as agriculturists in New Russia,
I 363
Jews elected to municipal offices in, I 368
Jews expelled from villages of (1823), I 406
governor of, reprimanded for accusing Jews falsely, II 87
governor of, decrees "polite manners" for Jews, II 383
governor of, censures Jews of Homel, III 89
Localities in:
Dubrovna, I 252
Homel, III 87 ff
Ladi, I 239, II 117
Lozno, I 234, II 117
Lubavichi, II 117
Monostyrchina, II 86
Mstislavl, II 85 ff, 383

=Moghilev, on the Dniester= (Podolia), I 98

=Mohammedans=, king of Khazars invites representative of, I 21
destroy Synagogue and are punished by Khazar king, I 22
protected by Khazars against Russians, I 26
persecuted in Russia, I 254
excluded from Russian bar, II 252 f

=Mohilever, Samuel=, rabbi of Bialystok, joins "Love of Zion"
movement, II 376 f

=Moldavo-Wallachia=, Jews export goods from Poland to, I 67 f

=Moldavia=, Lithuanian Jews accused of sending proselytes to,
I 81

_Moment_, Yiddish daily in Warsaw, III 162

=Monastyrchina= (government of Moghilev), Itzele of, pleads for
Jews, II 86

=Montagu, Sir Samuel=, of London, expelled from Moscow, II 345

=Montefiore, Sir Moses=, corresponds with Max Lilienthal, II
67
visits Russia and pleads for Jews, II 68
fund in honor of, established by "Lovers of Zion," II 376

=Moravia, Jacob Frank= moves to, I 219
Kremsier, city in, II 179

=Moravski=, Polish Minister of War, objects to Jewish volunteers,
II 105

=Mordecai= (=Motele=), of Chernobyl, hasidic leader, II 119

=Mordvinov=, member of Council of State, saves Jews of Velizh
from ritual murder charge, II 81 f

=Morenu=, title of ordained rabbi, I 117

=Moscow, Principality= (=Tzardom=) =of= [=Muscovy=], growth of,
I 29
Jews of Tauris brought into contract with, I 33
Crimean Jews render services to rulers of, I 35 f
closed to Jews, I 60, 242
Little Russia incorporated in (1654), I 94, 153;
(1657), I 159
Jews barred from (1610), I 244
rulers of Muscovy invade Polish provinces, I 153 f, 244;
and troops of, expel or massacre Jews, I 154, 243, 245 f
See Moscow (city)

=Moscow= (city), "Judaizing heresy" spreads in, I 36 f
Jewish court-physician burned in, 37
Jewish merchants from Poland and Lithuania penetrate into,
I 242 f
Ivan the Terrible refuses to admit Jews to (1550), I 243
influx of Poles and Jews into, I 244
Polish-Jewish prisoners of war permitted to stay in, I 245
Jewish cloth merchants permitted to visit, I 245
Jews barred from (1676), I 245
Borukh Leibov pays visit to, I 251; and converts Voznitzin
to Judaism, I 251 f
Jewish merchants of White Russia pay visits to, I 315
Russian merchants of, protest against admission of Jews, I
315
Jewish merchants excluded from (1790, 1791), I 316
Jewish merchants permitted temporary sojourn in (1835), II
40
Jewish physicians, though admitted to Interior, excluded from,
II 167
burgomaster of, objects to admission of Jews to city government,
II 199
Jews expelled from (under Ignatyev), II 264, 319
Russian merchants plead for admission of Jews to, II 319
Sir Samuel Montagu, of London, expelled from, II 345
admission of Jews to schools and university of, restricted
to 3% (1887), II 350;
restriction placed on statute books (1908), III 157 f
Jews harassed in, II 385, 397
Russian celebrities of, sign protest against Jewish persecution,
II 387
Dolgoruki, governor-general of, lenient towards Jews, II 401
Grand Duke Sergius appointed governor-general of, II 400
Alexeyov, burgomaster, of, agitates against Jews, II 400 f
Istomin, agent of Pobyedonostzev, appointed to important post
in, II 401
ukase, expelling Jews from city and government of, decreed
(March 28, 1891), II 402;
wording of ukase affected by hope for foreign loan, II 408
"illegal" Jews raided and imprisoned, II 403
Alexander III. pays visit to, II 404
discharged Jewish soldiers forbidden to remain in, II 404
Jewish artisans and tradesmen expelled from, II 404 f
horrors of expulsion from, II 405 f
news of expulsion from, suppressed in Russian press, II 407;
reported in foreign press, II 407
expulsion from, witnessed by United States commissioners, II
407;
causes protest of President Harrison of United States, II
408 f
expulsion from, affects unfavorably Russian loan in Paris,
II 408
M. refugees deported from St. Petersburg, II 410
expulsion of Jews from, continued, II 413;
causes emigration to Western Europe and America, II 410,
413, 420
visited by White, representative of Baron Hirsch, II 418
synagogue of, closed (1892), II 423
Minor, rabbi of M., and Schneider expelled from, II 423 f
conversion of synagogue of, into charitable institution ordered
by Alexander III., II 424
"Marranos" in, II 425
request of Jews of, to open synagogue for Coronation services,
refused, II 112
complete fashioning of synagogue of, ordered (1897), III 13
f
Jewish merchants left in, persecuted and expelled, III 14 f
new settlement of Jewish merchants in, prohibited (1899), III
15
International Congress of Medicine held in, III 15
Jewish community of, signs petition for equal rights, III 109
Grand Duke Sergius, governor-general of, assassinated, III
110
Russian laborers from, assist in Zhitomir pogrom, III 115
armed uprising in (December, 1905), III 131
Troitza monastery, in vicinity of, II 203
Minor, rabbi of, II 203, 423 f
Pobyedonostzev, professor at University of, III 245
_Russ_, newspaper in, deprecates sympathy with pogrom victims,
II 278
headquarters of People's Freedom, revolutionary party, II 279
f
_Moscow News_ criticises _Imperial Messenger_ for connivance
at pogroms, II 279
Bogolyepov, professor in, anti-Jewish minister of Public Instruction,
III 27 f
_Mitroplolit_, head of Russian Church, resides in, III 125

=Moser=, see Mesirah

=Moses=, king of Khazars, I 26

=Moses=, of Kiev, early Jewish scholar, corresponds with Gaon
in Bagdad, I 133

=Moses=, rabbi of Great Poland, confirmed in office by Polish
king (1518), I 104

=Moses Ben Abraham=, rabbi, author of Polish pamphlet defending
Jews, II 98

=Moskal=, nickname for Russians among Poles, III 36

=Motele=, see Mordecai

=Moyetzki=, Polish priest, anti-Jewish writer, I 96

=Moyshe= (=Moses=), Jewish martyr in Zaslav, I 177

=Mstislavl= (government of Moghilev), anti-Jewish riot at, stopped
by Peter the Great, I 248
Jews of, accused of mutiny (1844), II 85 ff
Jews of, threatened with public whipping, II 383

=Munich= (Bavaria), Max Lilienthal born in, II 52

=Municipalities= (=Magistracies=), autonomy of Polish M. guaranteed
by Magdeburg Law, I 44
subject Jews to economic restrictions, I 70, 74 f
of several cities combine against Jews, I 75
form compacts with Kahals, I 84 f
obtain right of excluding Jews, I 85
arrogate jurisdiction over Jews, I 93 f
Jews engaged in litigations with, I 171
Jews placed under control of (1768), I 267
Russian Government regulates relation of Jews to (1785 ff),
I 308 ff
Jewish merchants of White Russia admitted as members of (1783),
I 310, 367 f
Jews complain against oppression of, I 311 f
hostility of Christian burghers bars Jews from, I 320, 369
ff
Jewish membership in, restricted to one-third, I 368;
(1836), II 41;
(1870), II 199, 425
Jews of Lithuania declared eligible to (1802), I 369
Jews of Lithuania barred from (1805), II 41
participation of Jews in, discussed by special Government Committee,
II 198 f
Jews of Pereyaslav invited to resign from, II 266
Jews take conspicuous part in, II 425
Jews deprived of votes in (1892), II 425 f
local authorities ordered to appoint Jewish members, II 426
League for Equal Rights calls on Jewish appointees in, to resign
(1905), III 112
Jewish Government appointees resign, III 113
combined deputation of Zemstvos and M. favors universal suffrage,
III 122
See Kahals and Zemstvos

=Muravyov=, Minister of Justice, misrepresents facts of Homel
pogrom, III 101

=Muravyov, Michael=, governor-general of Vilna, subdues Poles,
II 183
appointed military dictator of six governments, II 188
pursues policy of Russification, II 188, 239

=Muravyov, Nikita=, leader of "Northern" revolutionaries, I 410
limits political rights of Jews to Pale, I 413

=Musar= (Ethical Literature), name explained, I 201
flourishes in Poland, I 201 f

=Muscovy=, see Moscow, principality of

=Mysticism=, see Cabala

=Nagartava=, agricultural Jewish colony, pogrom at, III 35

=Nahman=, of Belzhytz, see Jacob of Belzhytz

=Nahman=, of Bratzlav, hasidic leader, I 382
makes pilgrimage to Palestine, I 383
deprecates rationalism, I 383 21
dies at Uman, I 383
grave of, visited annually by devotees, II 122
adherents of, persecuted by other Hasidim, II 122

=Nahman=, of Horodno, disciple of Besht, I 227

=Nahman=, of Kosovo, disciple of Besht, I 227

=Nahum=, see Nohum

=Names=, Jews of St. Petersburg ordered to use mutilated first
N. (1890), II 397 f
Jews prohibited from using Russian first N. (1893), II 427

=Naphtali=, of Minsk, Hebrew author, I 201

=Napoleon=, creates duchy of Warsaw, I 297 f
"Code of N." introduced into duchy of Warsaw, I 298
"suspensory decree" of (1808), duplicated in duchy of Warsaw,
I 299
announces to Jews of Europe convocation of "Great Synhedrion,"
I 346
marches towards Russia (1806), I 347
influence of, over Jews feared by Russian Government, I 347
presented by Russian authorities to Jews as enemy of Judaism,
I 348
denounced by Holy Synod as "savior" of Jews, I 348 f
wins friendship of Alexander I., I 350 f
invades Russia (1812), I 354
meets with sympathy of Poles, I 355
Russian Jews prejudiced against, I 356 f
marches through Palestine, I 383

=Narodnaya Vola= ("=The People's Freedom="), revolutionary party,
II 279;
see Revolution

=Narodnichestov= ("=Populism="), II 222;
see Revolution

=Narol= (Volhynia), massacre at (1648), I 149

=Naryshkin=, Russian dignitary, opposes Jewish suffrage, III
122

=Nathan=, successor of Nahman of Bratzlav, II 122

=Nationalism, Jewish=, preached by Smolenskin, II 233 ff
growth of, in Russia, II 372
rise of, III 40 ff
National-cultural Autonomism (spiritual nationalism), II 327,
332, III 41, 51 ff, 144
effect of, on Jewish Labor Movement, III 57
national emancipation (and self-determination) demanded by
League for Equal Rights, III 112, 133
calling of Russian-Jewish National Assembly decided upon by
League, III 133
national-cultural Jewish institutions prohibited and suppressed,
III 160 f
strength of, III 163

=Nationalist Society=, organization of Russian Black Hundred,
III 114

=Neidthart=, city-governor of Odessa, assists pogrom, III 129

=Nekhludov=, member of Committee for Amelioration of Jews, favors
emancipation of Jews, II 196 ff

=Nemirov=, see Niemirov

=Neo-Hebraic Literature=, see Hebrew

=Nesselrode=, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, forwards memorandum
on Jews to Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, I 398
discusses plan of settling Russian Jews in Algiers, II 69

=Nestor=, Russian chronicler, refers to Jews, I 31

=Nesvizh= (government of Minsk), Solomon Maimon born in vicinity
of, I 239
Simeon Volfovich, opponent of Vilna Kahal, imprisoned in, I
276
Eliezer Dillon, Jewish deputy, native of, I 358

=Netter, Charles=, sent by _Alliance Israélite_ to help emigrants
in Brody, II 269

=Neu Freie Presse=, Vienna daily, Dr. Herzl acts as correspondent
of, in Paris, III 42

=Neuman=, rabbi in St. Petersburg, member of Executive Committee
of Society for Diffusion of Enlightenment, II 214

=Nevel=, Jews, driven from villages, huddled together in, I 407

=New Israel=, Jewish sect in Odessa, II 334 f

=New Jersey=, Jewish agricultural colonies in, II 374

=New Russia=, see Russia, New

=New York=, Max Lilienthal accepts post as rabbi in, II 59
Joseph Jacobs settles in, II 287
Cox, Congressman from, addresses Congress on persecutions in
Russia, III 284 f
protest meeting against pogroms held in, II 296 f
Jewish emigrants settle in, II 374
Shalom Aleichem dies in, III 62
place of publication, II 290, 297

=Nicholas I.=, emperor of Russia (1825-1855), II 13-153
policy of, foreshadowed by Alexander I., I 390
character of reign of, I 391, II 13, 140 f
era of, depicted by Mendele Mokher Sforim, III 61
coronation of, celebrated by Hebrew poet, II 135
ascends throne through resignation of brother, II 13
suppresses uprising of Decembrists, I 410, II 13
characterizes Jews as "leeches," II 14
plans to de-Judaize Jews through military conscription, II
15 f
signs Conscription Ukase (August 26, 1827), II 17
decrees expulsions of Jews, II 30 ff
rejects plea for postponement of expulsion, II 33
rejects recommendations of Council of State in favor of Jews,
II 35 ff
signs "Statute concerning Jews" (1835), II 39
sentences Jews with expired passports to penal service, II
42
subjects Hebrew books to censorship (1836), II 42 ff
dissolves "Society of Israelitish Christians," I 400
interested in conversion of Jews, II 44 f
appoints Committee for Radical Transformation of Jews (1840),
II 49
places Jewish schools under Government supervision (1842),
II 56
orders opening of Government schools for Jews (1844), II 57
f
expels Jews from 51-verst zone (1843), II 62
approached on behalf of Jews during stay in England, II 63
German Jews plan gift to, II 67
receives Moses Montefiore, II 68
prohibits Jews from leaving Pale, II 70
interested in spreading agriculture among Jews, II 71 f, 197,
III 24
closes synagogues in Velizh on ritual murder charge (1826),
II 78
believes ritual murder accusation, II 78 f
warns Commission of Inquiry, at Velizh, against exaggerations,
II 80
sanctions acquittal of Velizh Jews (1835), II 82
reiterates belief in ritual murder, II 83
inflicts severe punishment on Jews of Mstislavl, II 86
deports Jewish printers to Siberia, II 123
orders "assortment" of Jews (1851), II 142 f
prohibits Jewish dress (1851), II 144 f
issues draconian conscription measures (1850), II 147;
(1853), 148 f
appoints committee to investigate blood accusation (1854),
II 151, 203
eclipsed by Alexander III., II 354
See "Nicholas Soldiers"

=Nicholas II.=, emperor of Russia (1894-1917), III 7-169
reign of, characterized, III 7
ascends throne, III 7
pledges himself to uphold autocracy, III 8
thanks Jews for address of welcome, III 8
surrounds himself with reactionaries, III 9
influenced by Pobyedonostzev, III 9 f
objects to abrogation of Pale, III 11
Jews of Moscow restrained from celebrating coronation of, III
12
economic collapse of Russian
Jewry during reign of, III 22 ff
Jews barred from liquor trade, III 22
calls Hague Conference, III 35 disappoints hopes of liberals,
III 66
appoints Plehve, III 67
hatred of, toward Jews, intensified by Kishinev massacre, III
93
grants trifling privileges to Jews on birth of heir-apparent,
III 99
makes partial concession to revolution (1904), III 106
orders shooting of demonstrators (January, 1905), III, 106
f
forced to make further concessions (February 18, 1905), III
110
patronizes Black Hundred, III 113 f
receives deputation of Zemstvos and municipalities, III 122
defers consideration of Jewish question, III 123
abets counter-revolutionary pogroms (October, 1905), III 127
pursues double-faced policy, III 130
receives deputation of Black Hundred, III 131
dissolves First Duma, III 135, 139
objects to mitigation of Jewish disabilities, III 141
changes electoral law, III 142
expresses confidence in Black Hundred, III 149
pardons pogrom perpetrators, III 150
wears ostentatiously badge of Black Hundred, III 151
ratifies restrictive school norm of 1887 (1908), III 157
extends school norm to Jewish "externs" (1911), III 159
witnesses assassination of Stolypin at Kiev, III 164
checks pogrom at Kiev, and
stirs up Beilis case, III 165

"=Nicholas Soldiers=," term explained, II 29
forbidden to live outside Pale, II 29
permitted to live outside Pale (1867), II 29, 172

=Nicholayev= (government of Kherson), Jews expelled from (1829),
II 32 f
excluded from Pale and closed to Jews (1835), II 4
included in Pale by Alexander II., II 172
pogrom at (April 19, 1899), III 34;
(October, 1905), III 128
Jewish community of, protests against denial of Jewish franchise,
III 128

=Niemen=, river, Lithuanians settled on banks of, I 59
part of Jewish Pale, I 317

=Niemirov= (Podolia), Khmelnitzki massacre at (1648), I 146 f
pogrom at, commemorated annually, I 152
Jacob Joseph Cohen, rabbi of, I 227, 230
name of, used as substitute for Kishinev, III 79

=Nietzscheanism=, preached by Hebrew writer, III 60

=Nikitin=, Russian-Jewish writer, quoted, I 315

=Nisselovich=, Jewish deputy to Third Duma, III 153
collects signatures for abrogation of Pale, III 156

=Nissi=, king of Khazars, I 26

=Nizhni-Novgorod=, Jews permitted to visit fair of (1835), II
40
pogrom at (1884), II 360 f

=Nobility=, in Poland, see Shlakhta

=Nohum=, of Chernobyl, hasidic preacher and leader, I 232, 382;
II 119

=Nordau, Max=, Zionist discourses of, discussed in Russia, III
47
denies future of diaspora, III 52

=Norov=, Minister of Public Instruction, suggests
admission into Russian Interior of Jewish graduates of
Russian schools (1857), II 163

=North-West= (Lithuania and White Russia), rabbinism
of, contrasted with Hasidism of South-west (Ukraina and
Poland), I 199, 221, 274
Hasidism weak in, I 371 f;
and different from Hasidism of South-west, I 233 ff
Kahals in, stronger than in South-west, I 274, 379

=Notkin=, see Shklover

=Novaya Ushitza= (Podolia), Jews of, accused of collective crime,
II 84 f
Israel of Ruzhin implicated in case against Jews of, II 121

=Novgorod=, Jews of Kiev emigrate to, I 36 f
Jews of Vitebsk exiled by Russians to (1654), I 154

=Novgorod-Seversk=, former name of government of Poltava, I 321
included in Pale (1794), I 317

=Novo-Moskovsk= (government of Yekaterinoslav), pogrom at (1883),
II 360

=Novoshelski=, burgomaster of Odessa, favors admission of Jews
to municipal government, II 199

=Novosiltzev, Nicholas=, Russian Commissary in Poland, II 16
warns against imposing conscription on Jews, II 16 f
proposes plan of reorganization of Polish Jews, II 92 f
plan of, discussed and rejected by Polish Council of State,
II 93 f

=Novosti= ("=The News="), liberal paper in St. Petersburg, II
379
suppressed for expressing sympathy with Moscow exiles, II 407

=Novoye Vremya= ("=The New Time="), St. Petersburg daily, adopts
anti-Semitic policy, II 205
becomes organ of reaction, II 247
advocates repression of Jews, II 278, 381
commends pogrom at Warsaw, II 282
exerts anti-Jewish influence on Government circles, II 380
read by Alexander III., II 380
attacks Rothschild of Paris, II 410
utilizes Dreyfus Affair for attack upon Jews, III 32
report of Shpola pogrom in, quoted, III 33
Suvorin, publisher of, produces anti-Semitic play, II 38
libels Jews in Russo-Japanese war, III 95

=Nyeshava= (_Polish_, Nieszawa), Diet of, adopts anti-Jewish
"Statute" (1454), I 63
"Statute" of, confirmed by Piotrkov Diet (1496), I 64

=Nyevakhovich, Judah Leib= (=Lev=), author of Russian pamphlet
on Jewish question, I 386 f
becomes Russian playwright, I 388
embraces Christianity, I 388
descendants of, occupy prominent Government positions, I 388

=Nyezhin= (government of Chernigov), pogrom at (1881), II 267;
(October, 1905), III 129

=Obadiah=, king of Khazars, I 26;
invites Jewish sages from Babylonia, I 21

=Oblavas=, or raids, on Jews of Moscow, II 403
on Jews of Kiev, III 20

=Obolanin=, procurator-general of Senate, gives anti-Jewish instructions
to Dyerzhavin, I 229

=Obolenski=, member of Council of State, favors Jewish franchise,
III 122

=Octobrists=, conservative Russian party, name explained, III
153
demand exclusion of Jews from office of Justice of Peace, I
156

=Odessa=, Jewish families in, converted to Christianity, I 400
Jewish model school in, II 52, 133, 137
Lilienthal kindly received by Jews of, II 56
Bezalel Stern, resident of, appointed on Rabbinical Commission,
II 57
center of Haskalah, II 132 f
pogrom at (1871), II 191 ff, 215 f;
effects of, II 216, 239
burgomaster of, advocates admission of Jews to municipal government,
II 199
Pirogov, school superintendent of, encourages Jewish cultural
aspirations, II 207, 209
branch of Society for Diffusion of Enlightenment established
in, II 215 f;
discontinued as result of pogrom, II 216
_ha-Melitz_, published in, II 217
Jewish periodicals in Russian published in, II 219
Smolenskin removes to, II 234
Lilienblum settles in, II 237
Osip Rabinovich, founder of Russian-Jewish literature, resides
in, II 238
Government emissaries prepare pogrom in, II 248
pogrom at (May, 1881), II 257 f
Jewish students of, organize self-defence, II 258
"New Israel," Judeo-Christian sect, founded in, I 334
center of "Love of Zion" movement, II 376
headquarters of Palestine Relief Society, II 422
Jews of, warned by city-governor, II 383
visited by White, representative of Baron Hirsch, II 418
growth of pauperism among Jews of, III 24
pupils of Jewish Agricultural School in vicinity of, barred
from land ownership, III 25
Order _Bne Moshe_ founded by Ahad Ha'am in, III 49
_ha-Shiloah_ edited in, III 58, 162
Jews of, organize self-defence (1904), III 96
Grigoryev, city-governor of, prevents pogrom, III 97;
dismissed, III 151
chief-of-police of, fired at by Jew, III 107
Jewish community of, signs petition for equal rights, III 109
Russian Nationalist Society of, incites to pogrom, III 114
pogrom at (October, 1905), III 128 f
Jewish self-defence of, sentenced by court-martial, III 150
f
Jews of, assaulted by Black Hundred, III 151
governor-general of, condemns Jews, II 276
Gurko, governor-general of, suggests restrictive school norm,
II 339
governor of, recommends forbidding Jewish emigrants to return
to Russia, II 414

=Odoyevski=, Count, advises Catherine II. concerning admission
of Jews into Russia, I 259

=Ofen=, see Buda

=Offenbach= (Germany), Jacob Frank settles in, I 220

=Olbia=, on Black Sea, Jewish settlement in, I 14

=Old-Constantine= (=Staro-Constantine=), see Constantinov

"=Old Testament Believers=," term of assimilated Polish Jews,
II 96, 100 ff

=Oleshnitzki, Zbignyev=, archbishop of Cracow, denounces Casimir
IV. for protecting Jews, I 62
starts campaign against Jews, I 62 f
dictates anti-Jewish "Statute" of Nyeshava, I 63

=Omsk, Territory of= (Siberia), lands in, set aside for Jewish
colonists, II 71

=Oppenheim=, German-Jewish painter, stops painting ordered for
Nicholas I., II 67

=Orlov= (government), "Judaizers" in, I 402

=Orlov=, Count, president of Council of State, urges punishment
of Jews accused of ritual murder, II 162

=Orsha= (government of Moghilev), pogrom at, III 128

=Orshanski, Ilya= (=Elias=), Russian-Jewish writer, II 238 f

=Orshanski, Dr.=, brother of former, reports interview with Ignatyev,
II 284 f, 297

=Oryol= (city), Jews expelled from, II 264
anti-Semitic play produced at, III 38 f

=Ostrog= (Volhynia), Jewish community of, represented on Council
of Four Lands, I 110
Cossack massacre at (1648), I 149
bombarded by Russian army (1792), I 292
Jewish conference at (1798), I 324
Rabbis of:
Solomon Luria (_Reshal_), I 125
Samuel Edels (_Maharsho_), I 129
David Halevi (_Taz_), I 130
Naphtali Cohen, I 204

=Ostropol=, Samson of, Cabalist and martyr, I 148 f

=Ostropoler, Hershel=, "court-fool" of Tzaddik Borukh Tulchinski,
I 348

=Ostrov=, at extreme end of Jewish Pale, II 70

=Ostrovski, Anton=, commander of National Guard in Warsaw, II
106
defends Jews, II 107

=Ottocar=, of Bohemia, Jewish charter of, serves as model for
Boleslav of Kalish, I 45

=Otyechstvennyia Zapiski= ("Records of the
Fatherland"), radical Russian magazine, records Jewish
question as economic problem, II 325
quoted, II 325

=Oxman=, Jewish informer, II 84

=Padua=, Polish Jews study medicine at University of, I 105,
132

=Pahlen=, Count, chairman of "Pahlen Commission," II 336 f

=Pahlen=, governor of Vilna, suggests removal of Jewish disabilities,
III 93

=Pale of Settlement= (Russian, _cherta osyedlosti_),
foreshadowed in decree of May 7, 1786, restricting Jews
to annexed White Russia, I 314 f
enlarged as result of second partition of Poland (1793), I
316 f
formally sanctioned by Law of June 23, 1794, I 317
enlarged as result of third partition of Poland (1795), I 317
f
Courland added to (1795), I 321
defined in Statute of 1804, I 342
Kiev excluded from (1827), II 31 ff
Courland [and Livonia] excluded from (1829), II 32
Sevastopol and Nicholayev excluded from (1829), II 32
accurately defined in Statute of 1805, II 39 f
Nicholas I. watches over strict maintenance of, II 70
number of Jews and Jewish artisans in, II 168
Commission for Amelioration of Jews considers thinning out
of (1871), II 193
gubernatorial commission appointed for every government of
(1881), II 273
Ignatyev refuses to add to, II 285, 306
Rostov and Taganrog excluded from (1887), II 346
admission of Jews to schools in, restricted to 10% (1887),
II 350;
restriction placed on Statute books (1908-1909), III 157
f
admission of Jews to universities in, restricted to 7%, II
29
disproportionately large number of Jewish recruits in, II 355
f
congestion in cities of, II 385
Jews in, compared with prisoner in cell, II 389
Moscow refugees driven into, II 406
visited by United States commissioners, II 407
visited by Arnold White, emissary of Baron Hirsch, II 417
Yalta excluded from (1893), II 428 f
governor of Vilna recommends abrogation of, III 11
zealously maintained under Nicholas II., III 16, 20 f
growth of pauperism in, III 23 f
localities in, barred to Jews in 1882, reopened to them (1903),
III 80 f
preservation of, affirmed by Third Duma (1908), III 154
one hundred and six Duma deputies favor abrogation (1910),
III 156
exclusion of Jews from villages in, see Villages
See also Interior, and Residence, Right of

=Palestine=, Teutonic Order originates in, I 63
Cabalists of, influence Polish Jewry, I 134
Sabbatian propaganda carried on in, II 205
mass emigration of Polish Jews to (1700), I 209 f
Shneor Zalman accused of collecting money for, I 376
Nahman of Bratzlav makes pilgrimage to, I 383
Lelevel, Polish historian, promises Polish help in restoration
of, II 108
restoration of Jews to, preached by Smolenskin, II 236;
advocated by Levanda, II 240
_Bilu_ pioneers emigrate to (1882), II 321 f
beginnings of Jewish colonization in, II 322
"Lovers of Zion" establish colonies, in, III 42
Jewish national center in, championed by Lilienblum, II 328
ff;
and, as an alternative, by Pinsker, II 331
expulsion from Moscow stimulates emigration to, II 416
attempt at mass emigration to (1891), II 421 f
feeble results of colonization in, III 42
colonization of, made part of Basle program, III 44
modern Hebrew writers in, III 163
See also Zionism

=Palestinophilstvo=, Russian name for "Love of Zion," II 328;
see also Zionism

=Pan=, noble landowner in Poland, name explained, I 93

=Panticapaeum=, see Kerch

=Pardes=, Hebrew annual, III 58

=Paris=, Sanchez, Jewish court-physician in St. Petersburg, removes
to, I 258
Berek Yoselovich pays visit to, I 294
"Jewish Parliament" meets in, I 346 ff; III 53
Rothschilds of, II 69, 375, 407, 410
Lelevel, Polish historian, refugee in, II 107
Polish refugees in, II 108
anti-Semitism among Polish refugees in, II 109
_Alliance Israélite Universelle_ in, II 189, 194, 297, 322
Plehve's secret circular made known in, II 381
Moscow refugees arrive in, II 408
Jewish Colonization Association in, sends deputation to Pobyedonostzev,
III 10
Herzl resides in, III 42

=Paskevich=, Russian viceroy in Poland, pacifies Poland (after
1831), II 109
Moses Montefiore communicates with, II 68
Altaras of Marseilles negotiates with, II 69

=Passek=, governor-general of White Russia, questioned by Senate
concerning Jewish law courts, I 310
restricts Jews of White Russia in economic pursuits, I 310
f

=Passover=, Christian, see Easter

=Passover=, lawyer, member of Jewish deputation to Alexander
III., II 261

=Passports=, Jews with expired P's. severely punished, II 42
Jews found without P's. sent into army, II 148 f
Jewish P's. examined in St. Petersburg, II 343
Jewish emigrants relieved from tax on, II 418
disabilities imposed by P. Regulations of 1894, II 427

=Paul IV.=, pope, encourages anti-Jewish policy in Poland, I
86

=Paul I.=, emperor of Russia (1796-1801), I 321-334
includes Courland in area of Jewish settlement, I 321
imposes restrictions on Jews of government of Minsk, I 323
Jews of Volhynia prepare to send deputation to, I 324 f
dispatches Dyerzhavin to White Russia, I 328 f
releases Shneor Zalman from prison, I 376
receives denunciation against Hasidim, I 378
Arakcheyev prominent in military affairs during reign of, I
395

=Pavlovsk, District of= (government of Voroneyezh), "Judaizing"
sect spreads in, I 401

=Pavluk=, Cossack leader, instigates attacks upon Jews, I 144

=Pavolochi= (province of Kiev), Jews of, accused of ritual murder,
I 178

=Pecheneges= succeed Khazars in Crimea, I 29

=Pechera Monastery=, in Kiev, Abbot of, preaches hatred toward
Jews, I 31

"=People's Freedom=" (in _Russian_, Narodnaya Vola), revolutionary
party, responsible for assassination of Alexander II., II 279
pursues anti-Jewish policy, II 279 f

=Perekop=, gulf and isthmus of, I 13, 29

=Peretz=, rabbi of Bohemian Community in Cracow, I 104

=Peretz, Abraham=, of St. Petersburg, assists Jewish deputies,
I 338
acts as Jewish Maecenas, I 386
converted to Christianity, I 388

=Peretz, Gregory=, son of former, Russian revolutionary, I 412

=Pereyaslav= (province, or government of Poltava), Cossack massacre
at (1648), I 145
pogrom at (1881), II 265 f

=Perez, I. L.=, editor of Yiddish magazine, III 59
Yiddish and Hebrew writer, III 61 f, 162

=Perl, Joseph=, Hebrew writer in Galicia, II 126 f

=Perm= (Central Russia), Jewish cantonists driven to, II 25

=Perovksi=, Russian statesman, considers emigration of Russian
Jews to Algiers, II 69

=Persia=, Khazars make inroads into, I 19
Jewish merchants travel through, I 23

=Pestel, Paul=, leader of early Russian revolutionaries, I 410
discusses Jewish problem, I 410 ff
favors establishment of separate Jewish Commonwealth, I 412

=Peter=, Carmelite monk in Lublin, alleged victim of ritual murder,
I 100

=Peter I., The Great=, emperor of Russia (1688-1725), extends
influence of Russia over Poland
refuses to admit Jews into Russia, I 246 f
prejudiced against Jews, I 247 f
stops military riot against Jews, I 248
admits Jewish financiers to St. Petersburg, I 248
quoted in favor of barring Jews from Russia, II 35 f
originator of penalty by _Spiessruten_, II 85

=Peter II.=, emperor of Russia (1727-1730), permits Jews to visit
fairs in Little Russia, I 250

=Peter III.=, emperor of Russia (1761), dethroned by Catherine
II., I 259

=Peterhof=, near St. Petersburg, Plehve killed on way to, III
97
Jewish franchise discussed at conferences in, III 122

=Petersburg=, see St. Petersburg

=Pethahiah=, of Ratisbon, Jewish traveller, I 29
refers to Russia, I 32 f

=Petrograd=, Greco-Jewish inscription kept in Hermitage at, I
15
Russian _Mitropolit_ resides at, II 125; see St. Petersburg

=Pfefferkorn=, Jewish convert, II 189

=Phanagoria= (Taman Peninsula), Jews settled in, I 14, 18

=Philadelphia=, Marcus Jastrow accepts post of rabbi in, II 179
place of publication, III 51

=Philippson, Ludwig=, founder of _Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums_,
II 67
corresponds with Max Lilienthal, II 67
serves as model for Russian-Jewish publicists, II 219

=Philipson, David=, quoted, I 54

=Philosophy, Jewish=, studied in Poland, I 132 f
opposed by Joel Sirkis, I 133
reflected in doctrine of Besht, I 225 f
imbedded in doctrine of Shneor Zalman, I 374, 382
opposed by Rabbinism, I 381
regarded as destructive by Nahman of Bratzlav, I 383

=Phineas=, of Koretz, disciple of Besht, I 227
descendants of, II 123

=Photius=, Patriarch of Constantinople, hopes for conversion
of Crimean Jews, I 18

=Physicians, Jewish=, in Poland, attacked by Christian physician,
I 96
originally natives of Spain or Italy, I 131 f
study at University of Padua, I 105, 132
at Polish court, I 132, 136
at Russian court, I 258
in White Russia, I 331, 386
admitted to residence in Russian Interior and to civil service
(1861), II 165, 167
excluded from civil service, III 27

=Physicians, Jewish=, in Russian army:
number of, restricted, II 319 f
first to be mobilized in Russo-Japanese war, III 94 f
families of mobilized P. expelled, III 95
accused of revolutionary propaganda, III 156

=Piast=, progenitor of Piast dynasty in Poland, I 40

=Piatoli=, secretary of Polish king, assists Jews, I 291

=Pidyon=, contribution of Hasidim, term explained, II 119

=Pikolski=, monk at Lemberg, conducts agitation against Jews,
I 174

=Pilpul=, method of talmudic dialectics, fostered in Poland,
I 119 f
carried from Bohemia to Poland, I 122
opposed by Solomon Luria, I 256
grafted upon by Cabala, I 135, II 117
shunned by Elijah of Vilna, I 236

=Pinkasevich, Jacob=, Jewish martyr in Posen, I 175

=Pinsk=, important community in Lithuania, I 73
Jewish community of, represented in Lithuanian _Waad_, I 112
Avigdor, rabbi of, I 377 f

=Pinsker, Leon=, editor of _Sion_, II 220
author of _Autoemancipation_, II 330 f
ideas of, affect "Love of Zion" movement, II 332
becomes its leader, II 376, III 42, 49
elected president of Society for Granting Relief in Syria and
Palestine, II 422
contrasted with Herzl, III 43

=Pinsker, Simha=, father of former, teacher in Odessa school,
II 133

=Piotrkov, Diet of= (1496), confirms anti-Jewish Statute, I 64;
restricts commercial rights of Lemberg Jews (1521), I 75
Sigismund II. confirms liberal Jewish Statute at Diet of (1548),
I 83
Church Synod of, passes anti-Jewish "Constitution" (1542),
I 82 f
Crown Tribunal of, tries ritual murder cases, I 95 f;
and Jews accused of blasphemy, I 164 f
Jewish communities in province of, destroyed, I 156
Tobias Feder, Hebrew writer, native of, I 388

=Pirhe Tzafon=, Hebrew periodical in Vilna, II 136

=Pirogov, Nicholas=, Odessa physician, friend of Jews, II 207,
209

=Piryatin= (province of Poltavia), Cossack massacre at (1648),
I 145

=Pisarevski=, instigator of Kishinev pogrom, commits suicide,
III 91

=Pisaryev=, radical Russian writer, influences Russian-Jewish
_intelligenzia_, II 209
influences M. L. Lilienblum, II 238

=Plehve=, Russian assistant-minister of Interior, II 379
chief of political police, II 381
objects to Jewish participation in Zemstvos, II 386
chairman of secret anti-Jewish Committee, II 399
suggests expulsion of Jews from Moscow, II 402
bars Jews from municipal government, II 425
appointed Minister of Interior, III 16, 67
plans to check revolution by pogroms, III 68 f
subventions Krushevan's anti-Semitic paper, III 70
sends telegram to stop Kishinev massacre, III 75, 97
stifles press protests against Kishinev massacre, III 77
suspected of sending orders encouraging massacre, III 77
forbids Jewish self-defence, III 80, 90
forbids Zionism, III 82 f
negotiates with Herzl, III 83 f
plans regulating Jewish legislation, III 92 f
stops expulsion of families of mobilized Jews, III 95
assassinated, III 97
urges Russo-Japanese War as anti-revolutionary measure, III
98
death of, predicted in _Voskhod_, III 98
investigation of Homel pogrom started during lifetime of, III
101

=Plotzk= (_Polish_, Plock), city in Poland, I 243
city and province of, annexed by Prussia (1793), I 292
Synod of, passes anti-Jewish resolution (1733), I 171
archbishop of, endorses project of Jewish reforms, I 292

=Poale Zion=, see Zionism

=Pobyedonostzev, Constantine Petrovich=, professor at Moscow
University, II 245
tutor of Alexander III., II 245
head of Holy Synod, II 245
defends autocratic régime, II 245
member of reactionary Sacred League, II 248
disparages popular education, II 348 f
inspires educational restrictions for Jews, II 349
utilizes railroad accident at Borki for purposes of reaction,
III 378
opposes Jewish participation in Zemstvos, II 386
endorses expulsion of Jews from Moscow, II 401
receives gift for ecclesiastic schools from Baron Hirsch, II
415
receives White, emissary of Baron Hirsch, II 417
recommends him to officials, II 418
condemns Jews as parasites, II 417
bars Jews from municipal self-government, II 425
all powerful under Nicholas II., III 9
continues fight against Jews, III 9 f

=Podol=, Jewish quarter in Kiev, pogrom in, II 252 ff