Chapter II: Development and Science of the Law of Nations (3)

The first real positive treatise known to me is Hartmann's "Institutionen des praktischen Völkerrechts in Friedenszeiten," which appeared in 1874, but is hardly known outside Germany. In 1880 Hall's treatise appeared, and at once won the attention of the whole world; it is one of the best books on the Law of Nations that have ever been written. Lorimer, whose two volumes appeared in 1883 and 1884, is a Naturalist pure and simple, but his work is nevertheless of value. The Russian Martens, whose two volumes appeared in German and French translations in 1883 and at once put their author in the forefront of the authorities, certainly intends to be a real Positivist, but traces of Natural Law are nevertheless now and then to be found in his book. A work of a special kind is that of Holtzendorff, the first volume of which appeared in 1885. Holtzendorff himself is the editor and at the same time a contributor to the work, but there are many other contributors, each of them dealing exhaustively with a different part of the Law of Nations. The copious work of Pradier-Fodéré, which also began to appear in 1885, is far from being positive, although it has its merits. Wharton's three volumes, which appeared in 1886, are not a treatise, but contain the international practice of the United States. Bulmerincq's book, which appeared in 1887, gives a good survey of International Law from the positive point of view. In 1894 three French jurists, Bonfils, Despagnet, and Piédelievre, step into the arena; their treatises are comprehensive and valuable, but not absolutely positive. On the other hand, the English authors Lawrence and Walker, whose excellent manuals appeared in 1895, are real Positivists. Of the greatest value are the two volumes of Rivier which appeared in 1896; they are full of sound judgment, and will influence the theory and practice of International Law for a long time to come. Liszt's short manual, which in its first edition made its appearance in 1898, is positive throughout, well written, and suggestive. Ullmann's work, which likewise appeared in its first edition in 1898, is an excellent and comprehensive treatise which thoroughly discusses all the more important problems and points from the positive standpoint. Hannis Taylor's comprehensive treatise, which appeared in 1901, is likewise thoroughly positive, and so are the serviceable manuals of Wilson and Maxey. Of great value are the two volumes of Westlake which appeared in 1904 and 1907; they represent rather a collection of thorough monographs than a treatise, and will have great and lasting influence. A work of particular importance is the "Digest" of John Basset Moore, which appeared in 1906, comprises eight volumes, and contains the international practice of the United States in a much more exhaustive form than the work of Wharton; it is an invaluable work which must be consulted on every subject. The same is valid with regard to the three volumes of Nys, who may be characterised as a Grotian, and whose work is full of information on the historical and literary side of the problems.[86]

[Footnote 86: On the task and method of the science of International Law from the positive standpoint, see Oppenheim in A.J. II. (1908), pp. 313-356.]

§ 60. COLLECTIONS OF TREATIES

(1) GENERAL COLLECTIONS

_Leibnitz_: Codex iuris gentium diplomaticus (1693); Mantissa
codicis iuris gentium diplomatici (1700).

_Bernard_: Recueil des traités, etc. 4 vols. (1700).

_Rymer_: Foedera etc. inter reges angliae et alios quosvis
imperatores ... ab anno 1101 ad nostra usque tempora habita et
tradata, 20 vols. 1704-1718 (Contains documents from 1101-1654).

_Dumont_: Corps universel diplomatique, etc., 8 vols. (1726-1731).

_Rousset_: Supplément au corps universel diplomatique de Dumont, 5
vols. (1739).

_Schmauss_: Corpus iuris gentium academicum (1730).

_Wenck_: Codex iuris gentium recentissimi, 3 vols. (1781, 1786,
1795).

_Martens_: Recueil de Traités d'Alliance, etc., 8 vols.
(1791-1808); Nouveau Recueil de Traités d'Alliance, etc., 16 vols.
(1817-1842); Nouveaux Suppléments au Recueil de Traités et
d'autres Actes remarquables, etc., 3 vols. (1839-1842); Nouveau
Recueil Général de Traités, Conventions et autres Actes
remarquables, etc., 20 vols. (1843-1875); Nouveau Recueil Général
de Traités et autres Actes relatifs aux Rapports de droit
international, Deuxième Série, 35 vols. (1876-1908); Nouveau
Recueil Général de Traités et autres Actes relatifs aux Rapports
de droit international, Troisième Série, vol. I. 1908, continued
up to date. Present editor, Heinrich Triepel, professor in the
University of Kiel in Germany.

_Ghillany_: Diplomatisches Handbuch, 3 vols. (1855-1868).

_Martens et Cussy_: Recueil manuel, etc., 7 vols. (1846-1857);
continuation by Geffcken, 3 vols. (1857-1885).

_British and Foreign State Papers_: Vol. I. 1814, continued up to
date, one volume yearly.

_Das Staatsarchiv_: Sammlung der officiellen Actenstücke zur
Geschichte der Gegenwart, vol. I. 1861, continued up to date, one
volume yearly.

_Archives diplomatiques_: Recueil mensuel de diplomatie,
d'histoire, et de droit international, first and second series,
1861-1900, third series from 1901 continued up to date (4 vols.
yearly).

_Recueil International des Traités du XXe Siècle_: Edited by
Descamps and Renault since 1901.

_Strupp_: Urkunden zur Geschichte des Völkerrechts, 2 vols.
(1911).

(2) COLLECTIONS OF ENGLISH TREATIES ONLY

_Jenkinson_: Collection of all the Treaties, etc., between Great
Britain and other Powers from 1648 to 1783, 3 vols. (1785).

_Chalmers_: A Collection of Maritime Treaties of Great Britain and
other Powers, 2 vols. (1790).

_Hertslet_: Collection of Treaties and Conventions between Great
Britain and other Powers (vol. I. 1820, continued to date).

_Treaty Series_: Vol. I. 1892, and a volume every year.

§ 61. BIBLIOGRAPHIES

_Ompteda_: Litteratur des gesammten Völkerrechts, 2 vols. (1785).

_Kamptz_: Neue Litteratur des Völkerrechts seit 1784 (1817).

_Klüber_: Droit des gens moderne de l'Europe (Appendix) (1819).

_Miruss_: Das Europäische Gesandschaftsrecht, vol. II. (1847).

_Mohl_: Geschichte und Litteratur des Staatswissenschaften, vol.
I. pp. 337-475 (1855).

_Woolsey_: Introduction to the Study of International Law (6th ed.
1891), Appendix I.

_Rivier_: pp. 393-523 of vol. I. of Holtzendorff's Handbuch des
Völkerrechts (1885).

_Stoerk_: Die Litteratur des internationalen Rechts von 1884-1894
(1896).

_Olivart_: Catalogue d'une bibliothèque de droit international
(1899).

_Nys_: Le droit international, vol. I. (1904), pp. 213-328.

§ 62. PERIODICALS

Revue de droit international et de législation comparée. It has
appeared in Brussels since 1869, one volume yearly. Present
editor, Edouard Rolin.

Revue générale de droit international public. It has appeared in
Paris since 1894, one volume yearly. Founder and present editor,
Paul Fauchille.

Zeitschrift für internationales Recht. It has appeared in Leipzig
since 1891, one volume yearly. Present editor, Theodor Niemeyer.

Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit International, vol. I. 1877. A
volume appears after each meeting of the Institute.

Kokusaiho-Zasshi, the Japanese International Law Review. It has
appeared in Tokio since 1903.

Revista de Derecho Internacional y politica exterior. It has
appeared in Madrid since 1905, one volume yearly. Editor, Marquis
de Olivart.

Rivista di Diritto Internazionale. It has appeared in Rome since
1906, one volume yearly. Editors, D. Anzilotti, A. Ricci-Busatti,
and L. A. Senigallia.

Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht und Bundesstaatsrecht. It has appeared
in Breslau since 1906, one volume yearly. Editors, Joseph Kohler,
L. Oppenheim, and F. Holldack.

The American Journal of International Law. It has appeared in
Washington since 1907, one volume yearly. Editor, James Brown
Scott.

Essays and Notes concerning International Law frequently appear
also in the Journal du droit international privé et de la
Jurisprudence comparée (Clunet), the Archiv für öffentliches
Recht, The Law Quarterly Review, The Law Magazine and Review, The
Juridical Review, The Journal of the Society of Comparative
Legislation, The American Law Review, the Annalen des deutschen
Reiches, the Zeitschrift für das privat- und öffentliche Recht der
Gegenwart (Grünhut), the Revue de droit public et de la science
politique (Larnaude), the Annales des sciences politiques, the
Archivio giuridico, the Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts, and many
others.