Chapter III: Early Religious Ceremonies 48

Predominance of ceremonies in early religious life, 101,
102; They are communal, 103; and sacred, 104.

EMOTIONAL AND DRAMATIC CEREMONIES. Religious dances and
plays, 106-108; Connected with the worship of gods, 109; Are
means of religious culture, 110; Processions, 111;
Circumambulation, 112; Magical potency, 113.

DECORATIVE AND CURATIVE CEREMONIES. Decoration of the body,
114-118; of houses, 119; of official dress, 120; Symbolism
in decoration, 121.

ECONOMIC CEREMONIES. Propitiation of hunted animals,
122-125; Taboos, 126; Rules about eating, 127-128; Magical
means of procuring food, 129-131; Use of blood, 132; to
fertilize soil, 133; Sacrifice of first-born animals,
including children, 134; Raising and housing crops, 135;
Rain, 136; Survivals in civilized times, 137.

APOTROPAIC CEREMONIES. Early methods, 138-139; Expulsion of
spirits, 140-141; Transference of evil, 142, 143; Expulsion
by sacrifice, 144; The massing of such observances, 145.

CEREMONIES OF PUBERTY AND INITIATION. Training of the young,
146; Tests of endurance, 147; Seclusion of girls, 148;
Rearrangement of taboos, 149; Supernatural machinery, 150;
Mutilation of the body, 151, 152; Circumcision of males, its
wide diffusion, 153; not a test of endurance, 154; nor
hygienic, 155; nor to get rid of magical dangers, 156; nor
to increase procreative power, 157; not religious in origin:
not a form of phallic worship, 158; nor a sacrifice, 159,
160; nor a provision for reincarnation, 161; Circumcision of
females, 162; Object of circumcision probably increase of
sensual enjoyment, 163, 164; The symbolical interpretation,
165-168; Ceremonies of initiation to secure union with the
clan, 169; Feigned resurrection of the initiate, 170; The
lonely vision, 171; Instruction of youth, 172, 173;
Initiation into secret societies, 174.

MARRIAGE CEREMONIES. Simple forms, 176-178; The bride
hiding, 179; Prenuptial defloration, 180; Introduction of a
supernatural element, 181; View that all marriage-ceremonies
are essentially religious, 182.

CEREMONIES AT BIRTH. Parental care, 184; The couvade, 185;
Child regarded as a reincarnation, 186; Ablutions and
naming, 187; Child regarded as child of God, 188.

BURIAL CEREMONIES. Natural grief, 189; Propitiation of the
dead by offerings at grave, 190; Ban of silence, 191; The
dead regarded as powerful, 192; Social value of these
ceremonies, 193.

CEREMONIES OF PURIFICATION AND CONSECRATION. Occasions of
purification, 194-196; Methods: by water, sand, etc.,
197-199; by sacrifice, 200; Purification of a whole
community, 201; Consecration of private and official
persons, 202, 203; Fasting, 204; its origin, 205-207; its
religious effects, 208; Result of massing these ceremonies,
209.

CEREMONIES CONNECTED WITH SEASONS AND PERIODS. Calendars,
210, 211; Lunar festivals, 212-214; Solar festivals, 215;
Solstitial and stellar festivals, 216; Importance of
agricultural festivals, 217; Joyous, 218; Licentious, 219;
Offering of first fruits, 220; Sadness, 221; The eating of
sacred food, 222; Long periods, 223; Social value of these
ceremonies, 224.