Chapter XI: Scientific and Ethical Elements in Religious Systems (8)

Samoa, divination in, 911;
taboo on potato fields in, 599

Samson, solar interpretation of, 853

Sanctions, supernatural, how far effective, 1165

Sanctity, Brahmanic, 1122

Sancus, Roman development of, obscure, 802

Sankhya philosophy, 1007

Satan, development of, 689

Saturn, history of, 801

Saturnalia, the, 801

_Saturnia regna_, 801

Saul, consultation of Samuel by, 927

Savages, beliefs not formulated by, 20;
cultic discrimination of, 227;
ethical codes of, 76;
isolated groups of, 103

Scandinavia, storm-myths of, 851

Science, primitive, 1, 1156;
relation of, to religion, 1154 ff.

Scriptures, sacred, influence of, 1134 ff.

Seasons, agricultural, solemn, 135

Secretions, human, potency of, 156

Self, the, doubles of, 22, 24

Sen, reformer, worshiped as god, 348

Sentiment, religious, alliances of, 15

Senussi, the, organization of, 1116 n. 2

Sequence, savage theory of, 883 ff.

Serpent, cult of, 250, 257;
divine, in Genesis, 275

Servius, on bisexual cult, 411

Set, conflict of, with Horus, 726

Sexes, the, animal patrons of, 472;
early separation of, 182

Shades, powers of, 91

Shaman, the, wherein different from the priest, 1062

Shamanism, 661

_Shedu_, the, character of, 890

Shinto, term, meaning of, 750

Shrines, oracular, 927

Siam, Buddhism in, 1142

Siberia, Big Grandfather of, 640

Sibyls, 933 ff.;
the Cumæan, 277

Signs manual, crests as, 445

Sikhs, the, churchly form of, 1118

Simplification, religious, process of, 944

Siren, form of soul, 25 n. 3

Skulls, oracular responses by, 192, 369

Sky, the, abode of departed souls, 64

Slavery, recognized by religion, 1163

Slaves, slaughter of, as offering, 1028

Smith, W. R., his theory of sacrifice, 1045 f.

Sneezing, ominous significance of, 916

Societies, secret, savage, 174, 1096;
voluntary, antitotemic, 529

Society, magical, supposed origin of totemism, 546

Socrates, his belief in divination, 931

Soil, fertilization of, by blood, 133

Solidarity, tribal, religious significance of, 1041

Solomon, as magician, 902 n. 4

Solstices, fixing of calendars by, 211, 215 f.

Soma, deification of, 270

Songs, savage, 106

Sortes vergilianae, 918

Soul, the, function of, in dreams, 921;
as god, 62;
hidden, 31;
terms for, 21 n. 1

Souls, number of, how determined, 42;
transmigration of, 243

Space, Endless, personalized, 703

Spirit, definition of, 100;
guardian, adoption of, by individual, 533;
lying, sent by Yahweh, 922 second n. 1;
relation of, to soul, 43

Spirits, corporeal nature of, 140;
how different from gods, 635;
guardian, function of, 504

Sponsors, savage, 174 n. 2

Stability, offerings for, 1028

Statius, gods produced by fear, 6 n. 3

Stigmata, 118 n. 6

Stonehenge, 296

Stones, supposed to be phalli, 400

Stucken, astral theory of, 866

Styx, the, oath by, 308

Substitution, sacrificial, 1054

Suffering, as expiatory, 1041

Suicide, a, body of, why feared, 590

Suicide, effect of, on future state, 75

Sun, the, as old man, 849;
deification of, 709 ff.

Sun-gods, 726 f., 730, 753, 797, 972

Swan-maiden, the, 243

Swoon, produced by withdrawal of soul, 29

Systems, philosophical, not churches, 1102;
religious, groups of, 944

Taboo, conflict of, with morality, 632;
infection of, 586

Taboos, priestly, 1063;
rearrangement of, 149

Tales, fairy, 881

_Tam[=e]_, Hebrew, significance of, 626

Tammuz, cult of, not a mystery, 1100;
mourning for, 959 n. 5;
relation of, to Adonis, 271;
to Ishtar, 1066

Tanit, 410, 764

_Tao_, meaning of, 749

Taoism, how made a religion, 1103

Tari, Khond, as opponent of sun-god, 972

Tarsus, seat of Mithraic worship, 1101

Tartarus, punishments in, 84

Tattoo, religious significance of, 116, 72

Taylor, Jeremy, his view of prayer, 120 n. 3

Teknonymy, origin of, 187

Telugus, the, Christianization of, 1144

_Temenos_, sanctity of, 1082

Temple, the, development of, 1083 ff.

Temples, called mountains, 305 n. 1;
fire-, Persian, 320

Teraphim, nature of, 1092

Terrors, supernatural, devised by clan-leaders, 150

Testament, New, resurrection in, 90

Thanksgiving, by sacrifice, 1033

Theism, Semitic and Indo-European, 810 ff.

Thesmophoria, the, sadness in, 221

Things, nonhuman, future existence of, 97

Thousand and One Nights, magicians in, 902

Thrace, orgiastic cults derived from, 1101

Threshold, sacredness of, 236

Thugs, the, piety of, 693

_Thumos_, the, character of, in Homer, 43

Thunder-bird, the, 334

Tiamat, conquest of, 686;
cosmogonic function of, 316

Tibet, Buddhism in, 1142

Tiele, C. P., his theory of sacrifice, 1051 f.

Tierra del Fuego, social and religious organization in, 13

Time, divinization of, 698, 703 n. 6;
Endless, 703

Tistrya, divine character of, 718

Titans, the, war of, against Zeus, 974

Tobacco, food offered to gods, 1025

Todas, the, buffalo-ritual of, 1056;
dairy fire of, 321;
dairymen of, 337;
diviners of, 929;
taboo days of, 604

Tooth, knocking out of, 151

Totem, the, not a god, 559;
sacramental eating of, 579

Totemism, beginnings of, 561 f.;
coalescence of, with tree-worship, 273;
definition of, 463, 520 f.

Totems, artificial, origin of, 463 n. 2

Traducianism, 37

Triad, Babylonian, 757

Trinity, the, doctrine of, 1002

Turtle, the, cult of, 257;
use of, as messenger, 1024

Twins, presage of misfortune, 913

Tylor, E. B., mythical theory of, 877

Unclean, meaning of, in Old Testament, 38

Underworld, the, ethical conceptions of, 80;
gods of, 680 ff.;
Plato's construction of, 87;
separation in, between good and bad, 81 f.

Union with God, idea of, moral influence of, 1054

Unitary view of divine control, 1149

Unity, religious, basis of, 1147;
savage and civilized, 1152

Universality, religious, test of, 1141

Universe, perfectness of, how held to be implied, 1173

Upanishads, the, produced no devotional organization, 1103

Urim and thummim, nature of, 918

Uzza, Al-, not star-god, 717

Vampire, the, 88

Varro, abode assigned the dead by, 85 n. 6

Varuna, comparison of, with Iranian Ahura, 991;
nature of, 730

Vastoshpati, 672

Veda, the, local deities in, 651;
tree-spirits in, 278

Veddas, the, social and religious organization of, 13

Vegetation, as source of myths, 55;
Osiris as deity of, 728

Venus, development of, 808 f.;
the bearded, 408

Vesta, origin of, 805

Vestalia, the, sadness in, 221

Vetala, original character of, 645

Victory as god, origin of, 696

Vishnu, history of, 733

Volcanus, origin of, obscure, 802

Voltaire, the "Candide" of, 1173 n.

Wakes, Irish, origin of, 364

War, future of those killed in, 75;
sacrifices in, 1035

Water, substitutes for, in purificatory ceremonies, 199

Waters, sacred, 306 ff.

Week, the seven-day, 607, 610

Werwolf, the, 243

Wicked, the, annihilation of, 52

Winds, whether divinized, 326 f.

Wisdom of Solomon, the Devil in, 689

Witches, Thessalian, 895

Wives, slaughter of, as offering, 1028

Wollunqua, the, unique kind of totem, 576

Woman, magical dread of, 592

Women, alleged early scarcity of, 430;
devotion of, to cult of linga, 394;
exclusion of, from ceremonies, 592;
favored by Therapeutae, 1124;
honor shown to, after death, 370;
magical power of, 895 f.;
of Baganda, economic function of, 461

Word "church," larger sense of, 1112

World, the, future destruction of, 836;
relation of, to God, 1159;
savage conception of unity of, 885 f.

Worship, forms of, 1081 ff.;
phallic, whether connected with circumcision, 158;
practically universal, 1017

Xanthus, the, river or god in the Iliad, 312

Yaçna xvii, conception of worship in, 320

Yahweh, development of, 765;
dreams sent by, 922;
early cult of, 649;
pillars of temple of, 299

Yama, history of, 735 ff.

Year, sabbatic, Hebrew, 622

Yeast, prohibition of, 265 n. 1

Yezidis, the, attitude of, toward Satan, 693

Yggdrasil, nature of, 276

Yima, 735

Yoni, the, veneration of, 406

Yoruba, gods of, 660;
rebellion in, against old custom, 628

Zealand, New, cosmology of, 670 n. 4;
despotism of taboo in, 621;
planting-taboos in, 599

Zeus, 768 f.;
dream sent by, 922

Zikkurat (Ziggurat), the, Babylonian and Assyrian, 1086

Zodiac, signs of, cult of, 716

Zoroaster, 745;
verses ascribed to, 1132

Zoroastrianism, pre-Sassanian, 1109

Zuñi, the, economic ceremonies of, 497