Chapter X: Accommodation (4)

(9) Thomas, William I. _Source Book for Social Origins._ Ethnological materials, psychological standpoint, classified and annotated bibliographies for the interpretation of savage society. Part VII, "Social Organization, Morals, the State," pp. 753-869. Chicago, 1909. [Bibliography.]

B. _Secret Societies_

(1) Simmel, Georg. "The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies," translated from the German by Albion W. Small, _American Journal of Sociology_, XI (1905-6), 441-98.

(2) Heckethorn, C. W. _The Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries._ A comprehensive account of upwards of one hundred and sixty secret organizations--religious, political, and social--from the most remote ages down to the present time. New ed., rev. and enl., 2 vols. London, 1897.

(3) Webster, Hutton. _Primitive Secret Societies._ A study in early politics and religion. New York, 1908.

(4) Schuster, G. _Die geheimen Gesellschaften, Verbindungen und Orden._ 2 vols. Leipzig, 1906.

(5) Boas, Franz. "The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians," _U.S. National Museum, Annual Report, 1895_, pp. 311-738. Washington, 1897.

(6) Frobenius, L. "Die Masken und Geheimbünde Afrikas," _Abhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher_, LXXIV, 1-278.

(7) Pfleiderer, Otto. _Primitive Christianity, Its Writings and Teachings in Their Historical Connections._ Vol. III, chap, i, "The Therapeutae and the Essenes," pp. 1-22. Translated from the German by W. Montgomery. New York, 1910.

(8) Jennings, Hargrave. _The Rosicrucians, Their Rites and Mysteries._ 3d rev. and enl. ed., 2 vols. London, 1887.

(9) Stillson, Henry L., and Klein, Henri F. Article on "The Masonic Fraternity," _The Americana_, XVIII, 383-89. [Bibliography.]

(10) Johnston, R. M. _The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy and the Rise of the Secret Societies._ Part II, "The Rise of the Secret Societies," Vol. II, pp. 3-139, 153-55; especially chap. ii, "Origin and Rites of the Carbonari," Vol. II, pp. 19-44. London, 1904. [Bibliography.]

(11) Fleming, Walter L. _Documentary History of Reconstruction._ Vol. II, chap. xii, "The Ku Klux Movement," pp. 327-77. Cleveland, 1907.

(12) Lester, J. C., and Wilson, D. L. _The Ku Klux Klan._ Its origin, growth, and disbandment. With appendices containing the prescripts of the Ku Klux Klan, specimen orders and warnings. With introduction and notes by Walter L. Fleming. New York and Washington, 1905.

(13) La Hodde, Lucien de. _The Cradle of Rebellions._ A history of the secret societies of France. Translated from the French by J. W. Phelps. New York, 1864.

(14) Spadoni, D. _Sètte, cospirazioni e cospiratori nello Stato Pontificio all'indomani della restaurazioni._ Torino, 1904.

(15) "Societies, Criminal," _The Americana_, XXV, 201-5.

(16) Clark, Thomas A. _The Fraternity and the College._ Being a series of papers dealing with fraternity problems. Menasha, Wis., 1915.

C. _Social Types_

(1) Thomas, W. I., and Znaniecki, F. _The Polish Peasant in Europe and America._ Monograph of an immigrant group. Vol. III, "Life Record of an Immigrant." Boston, 1919. ["Introduction," pp. 5-88, analyzes and interprets three social types: the philistine, the bohemian, and the creative.]

(2) Paulhan, Fr. _Les caractères._ Livre II, "Les types déterminés par les tendances sociales," pp. 143-89. Paris, 1902.

(3) Rousiers, Paul de. _L'élite dans la société moderne._ Son rôle, etc. Paris, 1914.

(4) Bradford, Gamaliel, Jr. _Types of American Character._ New York, 1895.

(5) Kellogg, Walter G. _The Conscientious Objector._ Introduction by Newton D. Baker. New York, 1919.

(6) Hapgood, Hutchins. _Types from City Streets._ New York, 1910.

(7) Bab, Julius. _Die Berliner Bohème._ Berlin, 1905.

(8) Cory, H. E. _The Intellectuals and the Wage Workers._ A study in educational psychoanalysis. New York, 1919.

(9) Buchanan, J. R. _The Story of a Labor Agitator._ New York, 1903.

(10) Taussig, F. W. _Inventors and Money-Makers._ New York, 1915.

(11) Stoker, Bram. _Famous Impostors._ London, 1910.

D. _Community Organization_

(1) Galpin, Charles J. "Rural Relations of the Village and Small City," _University of Wisconsin Bulletin No. 411._

(2) ----. _Rural Life._ Chaps. vii-xi, pp. 153-314. New York, 1918.

(3) Hayes, A. W. _Rural Community Organization._ Chicago, 1921. [In Press.]

(4) Morgan, E. L. "Mobilizing a Rural Community," _Massachusetts Agricultural College, Extension Bulletin No. 23._ Amherst, 1918.

(5) "Rural Organization," _Proceedings of the Third National Country Life Conference, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1920._ Chicago, 1921.

(6) Hart, Joseph K. _Community Organization._ New York, 1920.

(7) _National Social Unit Organization, Bulletins 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5._ Cincinnati, 1917-19.

(8) Devine, Edward T. "Social Unit in Cincinnati," _Survey_, XLIII (1919), 115-26.

(9) Hicks, Mary L., and Eastman, Rae S. "Block Workers as Developed under the Social Unit Experiment in Cincinnati," _Survey_ XLIV (1920), 671-74.

(10) Ward, E. J. _The Social Center._ New York, 1913. [Bibliography.]

(11) Collier, John. "Community Councils--Democracy Every Day," _Survey_, XL (1918), 604-6; 689-91; 709-11. [Describes community defense organizations formed in rural and urban districts during the war.]

(12) Weller, Charles F. "Democratic Community Organization," An after-the-war experiment in Chester, _Survey_, XLIV (1920), 77-79.

(13) Rainwater, Clarence E. _Community Organization._ Sociological Monograph No. 15, University of Southern California. Los Angeles, 1920. [Bibliography.]

TOPICS FOR WRITTEN THEMES

1. Biological Accommodation and Social Accommodation.

2. Acclimatization as Accommodation.

3. The Psychology of Accommodation.

4. Conversion as a Form of Accommodation: A Study of Mutations of Attitudes in Religion, Politics, Morals, Personal Relation, etc.

5. The Psychology and Sociology of Homesickness and Nostalgia.

6. Conflict and Accommodation: War and Peace, Enmity and Conciliation, Rivalry and Status.

7. Compromise as a Form of Accommodation.

8. The Subtler Forms of Accommodation: Flattery, "Front," Ceremony, etc.

9. The Organization of Attitudes in Accommodation: Prestige, Taboo, Rapport, Prejudice, Fear, etc.

10. Slavery, Caste, and Class as Forms of Accommodation.

11. The Description and Analysis of Typical Examples of Accommodation: the Political "Boss" and the Voter, Physician and Patient, the Coach and the Members of the Team, the Town Magnate and His Fellow-Citizens, "The Four Hundred" and "Hoi Polloi," etc.

12. Social Solidarity as the Organization of Competing Groups.

13. Division of Labor as a Form of Accommodation.

14. A Survey of Historical Types of the Family in Terms of the Changes in Forms of Subordination and Superordination of Its Members.

15. Social Types as Accommodations: the Quack Doctor, the Reporter, the Strike Breaker, the Schoolteacher, the Stockbroker, etc.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

1. How do you distinguish between biological adaptation and social accommodation?

2. Is domestication biological adaptation or accommodation?

3. Give illustrations of acclimatization as a form of accommodation.

4. Discuss phenomena of colonization with reference to accommodation.

5. What is the relation of lonesomeness to accommodation?

6. Do you agree with Nieboer's definition of slavery? Is the slave a person? If so, to what extent? How would you compare the serf with the slave in respect to his status?

7. To what extent do slavery and caste as forms of accommodation rest upon (a) physical force, (b) mental attitudes?

8. What is the psychology of subordination and superordination?

9. What do you understand to be the relation of suggestion and rapport to subordination and superordination?

10. What is meant by a person "knowing his place"?

11. How do you explain the attitude of "the old servant" to society? Do you agree with her in lamenting the change in attitude of persons engaged in domestic service?

12. What types of the subtler forms of accommodation occur to you?

13. What arguments would you advance for the proposition that the relation of superiority and inferiority is reciprocal?

14. "All leaders are also led, as in countless cases the master is the slave of his slaves." Explain.

15. What illustrations, apart from the text, occur to you of reciprocal relations in superiority and subordination?

16. What do you understand to be the characteristic differences of the three types of superordination and subordination?

17. How would you classify the following groups according to these three types: the patriarchal family, the modern family, England from 1660 to 1830, manufacturing enterprise, labor union, army, boys' gang, boys' club, Christianity, humanitarian movement?

18. What do you think Simmel means by the term "accommodation"?

19. How is accommodation related to peace?

20. Does accommodation end struggle?

21. In what sense does commerce imply accommodation?

22. What type of interaction is involved in compromise? What illustrations would you suggest to bring out your point?

23. Does compromise make for progress?

24. Is a compromise better or worse than either or both of the proposals involved in it?

25. What, in your judgment, is the relation of personal competition to the division of labor?

26. What examples of division of labor outside the economic field would you suggest?

27. What do you understand to be the relation of personal competition and group competition?

28. In what different ways does status (a) grow out of, and (b) prevent, the processes of personal competition and group competition?

29. To what extent, at the present time, is success in life determined by personal competition, and social selection by status?

30. In what ways does the division of labor make for social solidarity?

31. What is the difference between social solidarity based upon like-mindedness and based upon diverse-mindedness?

FOOTNOTES:

[221] _Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology_, I, 15, 8.

[222] _Social Organization_, p. 4.

[223] A teacher in the public schools of Chicago came in possession of the following letter written to a friend in Mississippi by a Negro boy who had come to the city from the South two months previously. It illustrates his rapid accommodation to the situation including the hostile Irish group (the Wentworth Avenue "Mickeys").

Dear leon I write to you--to let you hear from me--Boy you
don't know the time we have with Sled. it Snow up here Regular.
We Play foot Ball. But Now we have So much Snow we don't Play
foot Ball any More. We Ride on Sled. Boy I have a Sled call The
king of The hill and She king to. tell Mrs. Sara that Coln
Roscoe Conklin Simon Spoke at St Mark the church we Belong to.

Gus I havnt got chance to Beat But to Boy. Sack we show Runs
them Mickeys. Boy them scoundle is bad on Wentworth Avenue.

Add 3123a Breton St Chi ill.

[224] From Daniel G. Brinton, _The Basis of Social Relations_, pp. 194-99. (Courtesy of G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1902.)

[225] From Dr. H. J. Nieboer, _Slavery as an Industrial System_, pp. 1-7. (Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1910.)

[226] From Matthew G. Lewis, _Journal of a West India Proprietor_, pp. 60-337. (John Murray, 1834.)

[227] From "Modern Theories of Caste: Mr. Nesfield's Theory," Appendix V, in Sir Herbert Risley, _The People of India_, pp. 407-8. (W. Thacker & Co., 1915.)

[228] From Sir Herbert Risley, _The People of India_, pp. 130-39. (W. Thacker & Co., 1915.)

[229] From Hugo Münsterberg, _Psychology, General and Applied_, pp. 259-64, (D. Appleton & Co., 1914.)

[230] Adapted from _Domestic Service_, by An Old Servant, pp. 10-110. (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1917.)

[231] Adapted from a translation of Georg Simmel by Albion W. Small, "Superiority and Subordination," in the _American Journal of Sociology_, II (1896-97), 169-71.

[232] Adapted from a translation of Georg Simmel by Albion W. Small, "Superiority and Subordination," in the _American Journal of Sociology_, II (1896-97), 172-86.

[233] Adapted from a translation of Georg Simmel by Albion W. Small, "The Sociology of Conflict," in the _American Journal of Sociology_, IX (1903-4), 799-802.

[234] Adapted from a translation of Georg Simmel by Albion W. Small, "The Sociology of Conflict," in the _American Journal of Sociology_, IX (1903-4), 804-6.

[235] Adapted from Charles H. Cooley, "Personal Competition," in _Economic Studies_, IV (1899), No. 2, 78-86.

[236] From Robert E. Park, "The City," in the _American Journal of Sociology_, XX (1915), 584-86.

[237] Translated and adapted from Émile Durkheim, _La division du travail social_, pp. 24-209. (Félix Alcan, 1902.)

[238] _Pure Sociology_, p. 16.

[239] _Mental Development in the Child and the Race_, p. 23.

[240] _Supra_, pp. 218-19.