Chapter XIV: Progress (5)

PROGRESS:
_chap. xiv_, 952-1011;
_bibliography_, 57-58, 1004-10;
as the addition to the sum of accumulated experience, 1001-2;
concept of, 962-63, 965-73;
and consciousness, 990-94;
and the cosmic urge, 989-1000;
criteria of, 985-86;
and the defectives, the dependents, and the delinquents, 954-55;
and the _dunkler drang_, 954-1000;
earliest conception of, 965-66;
and the _élan vitale_, 989-94;
and eugenics, 969-73;
and happiness, 967, 973-75;
and the historical process, 969-73;
history of the concept of, 958-62;
as a hope or myth, 958-62;
and human nature, 954, 957-58, 964-65, 983-1000;
indices of, 1002-3;
investigations and problems, 1000-3;
laws of, 15;
and the limits of scientific prevision, 978-79;
and mass movements, 54;
a modern conception, 960-62;
and the mores, 983-84;
and the nature of man, 983;
and organization, 966-68;
popular conceptions of, 953-56;
and prevision, 975-77;
problem of, 956-58;
and providence, in contrast, 960-62;
and religion, 846-48;
a result of competition, 988;
a result of contact, 988-89;
and science, 973-83;
and social control, 786;
and social process, 51-58;
and social research, 1000-12;
and social values, 955;
stages of, 968-69;
types of, 985-96;
and war, 984-89.

PROPAGANDA:
in modern nations, 772;
psychology of, 837-41.

PROVIDENCE:
in contrast with progress, 960-62.

PSYCHOLOGY, COLLECTIVE, _bibliography_, 940-41.

PUBLIC:
and the crowd, 867-70;
control in, 800-805;
a discussion group, 798-99, 870.

PUBLIC OPINION:
_bibliography_, 858-60;
changes in intensity and direction of, 792-93;
and collective representations, 38;
combined and sublimated
judgments of individuals, 795-96;
continuity in its development, 450-51;
and crises, 793-94;
cross currents in, 450-51, 791-93;
defined, 38;
and legislation in England, 445-51;
and mores, 829-33;
nature of, 826-29;
opinion of individuals plus their differences, 832-33;
organization of, 51;
organization of social forces, 35;
and schools of thought, 446-49;
and social control, 786, 816-41, 850-51;
as social weather, 791-93;
as a source of social control in cities, 316-17;
supported by sentiment, 478.

PUBLICITY:
as a form of social contact, 315-17;
as a form of social control, 830;
historical evolution of the newspaper, 385-89;
and publication, 38.

RACE CONFLICT:
_bibliography_, 650-52;
and race prejudice, 578-79;
study of, 642-43.

RACE CONSCIOUSNESS:
and conflict, 623-31;
in relation to literature and art, 626-29.

RACE PREJUDICE:
and competition of peoples with different standards of living, 620-23;
as a defense-reaction, 620;
a form of isolation, 250-52;
and inter-racial competition, 539-44;
a phenomenon of social distance, 440;
and prestige, 808-9;
and primary contacts, 330;
and race conflicts, 578-79.

RACES:
assimilation of, 756-62;
defined, 631-33.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES:
_bibliography_, 154;
and assimilation, 769-70;
basis of race prejudice and conflict, 631-33;
in primitive and civilized man, 89-92.

RAPPORT:
in the crowd, 893-94;
in hypnotism, 345;
in imitation, 344;
in suggestion, 345.

REACTION, CIRCULAR:
in collective behavior and social control, 788-92;
in imitation, 390-91;
in social unrest, 866.

REALISTS, and nominalists in sociology, 43.

REALISM, and collective psychology, 41.

REFLEX:
defined, 73;
as response toward an object, 479-82;
Watson's definition of, 81.

REFORM:
_bibliography_, 948-50;
method of effecting, 47;
study of, 934.

RESEARCH, SOCIAL:
and progress, 1000-1002;
and sociology, 43-57.

RESEARCH, sociological, defined, 44.

RELIGION:
as an agency of social control, 846-48;
comparative study of, 5;
as expressive behavior, 787-88;
as the guardian of mores, 847;
and law, 853;
Methodism, 915-24;
origin in the choral dance, 871;
and revolutionary and reform movements, 873-74, 908-9.

RELIGIOUS REVIVALS, AND THE ORIGIN OF SECTS:
_bibliography_, 933-45;
study of, 932-33.

RESPONSE, MULTIPLE, and multiple causation, 75.

REVIVALS. _See_ Language revivals, Religious revivals.

REVOLUTION:
_bibliography_, 950-51;
bolshevism, 909-15;
French, 905-9;
and mass movements, 905-15;
moral, and Methodism, 923-24;
and religion, 873-74; 908-9;
study of, 934.

RITES. _See_ Ritual.

RITUAL:
_bibliography_, 855-56, 938-39;
as a basis of myth and dogma, 822-26.

RIVALRY:
_bibliography_, 646;
animal, 604-5;
and national welfare, 609-10;
of social groups, 605-10;
and social organization, 577-78, 604-16;
sublimated form of conflict, 577-78.

ROCKEFELLER MEDICAL FOUNDATION, 670.

RURAL COMMUNITIES: as local groups, 50.
_See_ Communities.

RURAL MIND, as a product of isolation, 247-49.

RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION, social surveys, 46, 315, 724.

SALVATION ARMY, 873.

SCIENCE: and concrete experience, 15;
and description, 13;
and progress, 973-83.

SCIENCES, ABSTRACT, instrumental character of, 15.

SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION, and common sense, 80.

SECONDARY CONTACTs. _See_ Contacts, secondary.

SECRET SOCIETIES, _bibliography_, 730-32.

SECTS:
_bibliography_, 656-57;
as conflict groups, 50;
defined, 202-3;
distinguished from denomination, 873;
and institutions, 872-74;
origin in conflict of beliefs, 611-12;
origin in the crowd, 870-72;
permanent form of expressive crowd, 872.
_See_ Religious revivals.

SEGREGATION:
and competition, 526-44;
and isolation, 228-30, 254-57;
and migration, 529-33;
in the plant community, 526-28;
as a process, 252-54;
and social selection, 534-38.

SELECTION, SOCIAL:
and demographic segregation, 534-38;
personal competition and status, 708-12.

SELF:
conventional, versus natural person, 117-19;
divided, and moral consciousness, 119-23;
as the individual's conception of his rôle, 113-17;
"looking-glass," 70-71.
_See_ Individual, Person, Personality.

SENSES, SOCIOLOGY OF, _bibliography_, 332.

SENSORIUM, SOCIAL, 27, 28.

SENTIMENTS:
_bibliography_, 501;
of caste, 684-88;
and competition, 508;
classification of, 466-67;
and idea-forces, 463-64;
of loyalty, as basis of social solidarity, 759;
McDougall's definition, 441, 465;
mutation of, 441-42;
related to opinion, 478;
as social forces, 464-67.

SEX DIFFERENCES:
_bibliography_, 153-54;
and cultural conflicts, 615-16;
described, 85-89.

SITTLICHKEIT:
defined, 102-4.

SITUATION:
definition of, 764-65;
and response, 73.

SLANG, _bibliography_, 427-29.

SLAVERY:
_bibliography_, 727-28;
defined, 674-77;
and the division of labor, 677;
interpreted by subordination and superordination, 676, 677-81.

SOCIAL ADVERTISING. _See_ Publicity.

SOCIAL AGGREGATES. _See_ Aggregates, social.

SOCIAL CHANGES, and disorganization, 55.

SOCIAL CLASSES. _See_ Classes, social.

SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS. _See_ Consciousness, social.

SOCIAL CONTACT. _See_ Contact, social.

SOCIAL CONTROL. _See_ Control, social.

SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION. _See_ Disorganization, social.

SOCIAL DISTANCE:
graphic representation of, 282;
maintained by isolation, 230;
as psychic separation, 162;
and race prejudice, 440.

SOCIAL FACT:
classification of, 51;
imitative, 21.

SOCIAL FORCES. _See_ Forces, social.

SOCIAL GROUPS. _See_ Groups, social.

SOCIAL HERITAGES. _See_ Heritages, social.

SOCIAL INTERACTION. _See_ Interaction, social.

SOCIAL LIFE:
defined, 183-85;
and human nature, 182-85.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. _See_ Mass movements.

SOCIAL ORGANISM. _See_ Organism, social.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. _See_ Organization, social.

SOCIAL PHENOMENA:
causes of, 17;
as susceptible of prevision, 1.

SOCIAL PRESSURES, as social forces, 458-61.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS. _See_ Problems, social.

SOCIAL PROCESS. _See_ Process, social.

SOCIAL REFORM. _See_ Problem, social, Reform.

SOCIAL SENSORIUM. _See_ Sensorium, social.

SOCIAL SOLIDARITY. _See_ Solidarity, social.

SOCIAL SURVEYS. _See_ Surveys, social.

SOCIAL TYPES. _See_ Types, social.

SOCIAL UNIT PLAN, 724.

SOCIAL UNITY, as a product of isolation, 229-30.

SOCIAL UNREST. _See_ Unrest, social.

SOCIALISM:
_bibliography_, 565-66;
economic doctrines of, 558;
function of myth in, 818-19.

SOCIALIZATION:
the goal of social effort, 496;
as the unity of society, 348-49.

SOCIETY:
_bibliography_, 217-23;
animal, _bibliography_, 217-18;
in the animal colony, 24;
ant, 180-82;
an artefact, 30;
based on communication, 183-84;
collection of persons, 158;
collective consciousness of, 28;
"collective organism," 24;
as consensus, 161;
defined, 159-62, 165-66, 348-49;
differentiated from community and social group, 161-62;
as distinct from individuals, 27;
exists in communication, 36;
an extension of the individual organism, 159-60;
and the group, _chap. iii_, 159-225;
_bibliography_, 217-23;
from an individualistic and collectivistic point of view, 41, 42;
investigations and problems of, 210-16;
mechanistic interpretation of, 346-48;
metaphysical science of, 2;
as part of nature, 29;
product of nature and of design, 30;
scientific study of, 210-11;
and social distance, 162;
as social interaction, 341, 348;
and the social process, 211;
and solitude, 233-34, 234-45;
as the sum total of institutions, 159;
and symbiosis, 165-73.

SOCIOLOGY: aims at prediction and control, 339-40;
in the classification of the sciences, 6;
as collective psychology, 342;
Comte's program, 1;
a description and explanation of the cultural process, 35;
an experimental science, 6;
a fundamental science, 6;
and history, 1-12, 16-24;
as an independent science, 1;
origin in history, 23;
origin of, 5, 6;
and the philosophy of history, 44;
positive science of society, 3;
representative works in, _bibliography_, 57-59;
rural and urban, 40;
schools of, 28;
a science of collective behavior, 24;
a science of humanity, 5;
and social research, 43-57;
and the social sciences, _chap. i._, 1-63.

SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION: methods of, _bibliography_, 58-59.

SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD, 23.

SOCIOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW, 16.

SOLIDARITY, SOCIAL:
and the division of labor, 714-18;
and loyalty, 759;
and status and competition, 670-71, 708-18.

SOLITUDE. _See_ Isolation.

SPEECH COMMUNITY, changes in, 22.
_See_ Language.

STATE, sociological definition of, 50.

STATISTICS, as a method of investigation, 51.

STATUS:
and competition, 541-43, 670-71, 708-18;
determined by conflict, 574-75, 576;
determined by members of a group, 36;
of the person in the city, 313;
and personal competition and social selection, 708-12;
and prestige in South East Africa, 811-12;
and social solidarity, 670-71, 708-18.
_See_ Prestige.

STRANGER, sociology of, 317-22, 322-27.

STRIKES, _bibliography_, 652-53.

STRUCTURE, SOCIAL, permanence of, 746-50.

STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE:
and competition, 505, 512, 513-15, 522-26;
and natural selection, 515-19.
_See_ Competition.

STRUGGLE: for struggle's sake, 585-86.

SUBLIMATION: the accommodation of mental conflict, 669.

SUBMISSION. _See_ Subordination and superordination.

SUBORDINATION AND SUPERORDINATION, _bibliography_, 726;
in accommodation, 667-68;
in animal rivalry, 604-5;
in caste, 684-88;
in leadership, 695-97;
literature of, 721;
psychology of, 688-92;
reciprocal character of, 695-97;
in slavery, 676, 677-81;
social attitudes in, 692-95;
three types of, 697-703.

SUGGESTION:
_bibliography_, 430-31;
basis of social change, 22;
case of Clever Hans, 412-15;
and contra-suggestion, 419;
in the crowd, 415-16;
defined, 408;
distinguished from imitation, 345-46;
in hypnotism, 345, 412, 424, 471-72;
and idea-forces, 461-64;
and imitation, inner relation between, 688-89;
and leadership, 419-20;
and mass or corporate action, 415-20;
as a mechanistic form of interaction, 344-46, 408-20;
and perception, active and passive, 345, 408-12;
personal and general consciousness, 409-12;
and personality, 419-20;
as psychic infection, 410-12;
in social life, 345-46, 408-20, 424;
study of, 424;
subtler forms of, 413-15.
_See_ Hypnotism.

SUPERORDINATION. _See_ Subordination and superordination.

SURVEY, SOCIAL:
as a type of community study, 436;
types of, 46.

SYMBIOSIS:
in the ant community, 167-70;
in the plant community, 175-80

SYMPATHETIC CONTACTS, versus categoric contacts, 294-98.

SYMPATHY:
and imagination, 397-98;
imitation its most rudimentary form, 394-95;
intellectual or rational, 396-97, 397-401;
the "law of laughter," 370-73, 401;
psychological unison, 395;
Ribot's three levels of, 394-97.

TABOO:
_bibliography_, 856-58;
and religion, 847;
and rules of holiness and uncleanness, 813-16;
as social control, 813-16;
and touch, 291-93.
_See_ Touch.

TAMING, of animals, 170-73.

TEMPERAMENT:
_bibliography_, 152-53;
divergencies in, 91;
of Negro, 762;
racial and national, 135-39.

TOUCH:
as most intimate kind of contact, 280;
and social contact, 282-83, 291-93;
study of, 329-30;
and taboo, 291-93.

TRADITION:
and inheritance of acquired nature, 134-35;
and temperament, 135-39;
versus acculturation, 72.
_See_ Heritages, social.

TRANSMISSION:
by imitation and inculcation, 72, 135;
and society, 183;
Tarde's theory of, 21.

TYPES, SOCIAL:
_bibliography_, 731;
in the city, 313-15;
and the division of labor, 713-14;
result of personal competition, 712-14.

UNIVERSES OF DISCOURSE:
_bibliography_, 427-29;
and assimilation, 735, 764;
"every group has its own language," 423.
_See_ Communication, Language, Publicity.

UNREST, MORAL, 57.

UNREST, SOCIAL:
_bibliography_, 935-36;
and circular reaction, 866;
and collective behavior, 866-67;
increase of Bohemianism, 57;
in the I.W.W., 911-15;
like milling in the herd, 788;
manifest in discontent and mental anarchy, 907-8;
product of the artificial conditions of city life, 287, 329;
result of mobility, 320-21;
sign of lack of participation, 766-67;
and social contagion, 875-76;
studies of, 924-26;
and unrealized wishes, 442-43.

URBAN COMMUNITIES:
as local groups, 50.
_See_ Communities.

UTOPIAS, _bibliography_, 1008-9.

VALUES:
_bibliography_, 500;
object of the wish, 442;
personal and impersonal, 54;
positive and negative, 488;
and progress, 955.

VICIOUS CIRCLE, 788-89.

VOCATIONAL GROUPS, as a type of accommodation groups, 50.

WANTS AND VALUES, _bibliography_, 499-500.

WAR:
_bibliography_, 648-50;
as an exciting game, 580;
as a form of conflict, 575-76, 576-77, 586-88, 703-6;
and the "Great Society," 600-601;
and human nature, 594-98;
literature of, 641-42;
and man as the fighting animal, 600-603;
and possibility of its sublimation, 598;
the preliminary process of rejuvenescence, 596-97;
and progress, 984-89;
in relation to instincts and ideals, 576-77, 594-603;
as relaxation, 598-603;
and social utopia, 599.

WE-GROUP:
and collective egotism, 606;
and others-group defined, 283, 293-94;
ethnocentrism, 294.

WILL:
common, 106;
general, 107-8;
general, in relation to law and conscience, 102-8;
individual, 101;
social, 102.

WISH, the Freudian, 438, 442, 478-80, 482-88, 497.

WISHES:
_bibliography_, 501;
and attitudes, 442-43;
civilization organized to realize, 958;
as components of attitudes, 439;
and growth of human nature and personality, 442-43;
as libido, 442;
organized into character, 90;
of the person, 388-90;
as psychological unit, 479;
and the psychic censor, 484-88;
and the reflex, 479-82;
repressed, 482-83;
as the social atoms, 478-82;
Thomas' classification of, 438, 442, 488-90, 497;
and values, 442, 488.

WOMAN'S TEMPERANCE CRUSADE, 898-905.

WRITING:
as form of communication, 381-84;
pictographic forms, 381;
by symbols, 382-83.