Chapter XXX (2)

He belonged to a generation of eminent statesmen, giants in their
day, whose names were once household words in the land, but who,
in him as their representative, we can all feel have passed away
forever from the drama of our national life. There is something
peculiarly affecting in this thought. He was the last link that
held us in communication with that buried age; and in parting with
Mr. Buchanan, it is as though we were called to part again with
Clay, and Webster, and Benton, and Calhoun, and Jackson, and Cass,
and the whole political world to which they belonged. Now, more
than ever, their age has become to us, in view especially of the
late war, like the years before the flood. Then the occasions with
which he has been intimately connected, especially in the latter
part of his public life, have been of the most momentous, as well
as the most difficult and trying character, involving in the end a
crisis which amounted to a full revolution for our own country,
while it made itself felt, also, as of truly world-historical
importance for the age at large.

This is not the place nor the time, of course, to enter into any
consideration of Mr. Buchanan’s public career, or to pronounce any
judgment in particular on the policy of his administration as
President of the United States. The time, indeed, has not yet come
for a fair and competent historical verdict on this subject, in
any quarter. We stand too near the vast and mighty struggle
through which we have just passed, and from whose surging billows
we have not yet fully escaped, to understand it properly, or to
estimate fairly its moral and political merits.

Only this much, in justice to the dead, I may be permitted to say,
in the form of two general observations:

In the first place, we have no right to judge Mr. Buchanan’s
conduct at the beginning of our late civil troubles by the course
of events subsequently, when the contingent became actual, and the
problematical certain, in many ways, which only the eye of
Omniscience could previously foresee. How far this ex post facto
judgment (cruel and wrongful in history, full as much as ex post
facto statutes in legislation), has been carried in the case
before us, all who care to look into the matter can easily see and
know. Every man, every public man especially, has a right to
demand that his opinions and actions should be measured by the
circumstances and conditions of his own time, and not by the
circumstances and conditions of another and, it may be, a wholly
different time. Any other mode of judgment is at once grossly
unhistorical, grossly unphilosophical, and I will also add,
grossly unchristian.

My other observation is, that whatever may be thought by others,
now or hereafter, of Mr. Buchanan’s Presidential administration on
the eve of the rebellion, he himself never changed his mind in
regard to the righteousness or wisdom of the course which he saw
proper to pursue. That his own policy was thwarted and overwhelmed
by another policy, altogether different, never led him to believe
that, in the circumstances of the country, as they then were, his
own policy was not right. “Had I to pass through the same state of
things again,” he would say, calmly but firmly, “I do not see,
before God, how I could act otherwise than as I did act.”

This, of course, does not prove that his course was the wisest and
best for the exigencies of that fearfully volcanic time, as they
came to view afterwards in the lava flames of our civil war; but
no one who was intimately familiar, as I have been, with the last
years of Mr. Buchanan’s life, could doubt, at all events, the
sincerity of his own convictions, thus expressed in regard to the
closing portions of his political career.[188] Whether absolutely
wise or not in all his counsels, he was, in this time that tried
men’s souls, honest, at least, conscientious and patriotically
true to what he conceived to be the highest interests of his
country.

Footnote 188:

Only a few days before his death, in a conversation with
Mr. Swarr, when the hope was expressed that he might still
live to see his public life vindicated, he spoke on this
subject as follows: “My dear friend, I have no fear of the
future. Posterity will do me justice. I have always felt,
and still feel, that I discharged every duty imposed on me
conscientiously. I have no regret for any public act of my
life; and history will vindicate my memory from every
unjust aspersion.”

But these political surroundings of the present solemnity, however
they must unavoidably crowd upon our thoughts while we are engaged
in it, form not, by any means, what we should all feel to be, for
us now, its main interest. The relations of time, however
otherwise vast and momentous, are here to-day, swallowed up and
made small by the relations of eternity. Mr. Buchanan has passed
away, not simply as a politician and a statesman, but as a
Christian; and this it is we now feel, standing by his coffin and
his grave, to be a distinction of infinitely higher account than
all the honors and dignities of his life, under any other form.

These, at best, are but of ephemeral significance and worth. One
generation of politicians passeth away and another generation
cometh. Where are the voices that, thirty or forty years ago,
filled our Congressional halls and electrified the land with their
eloquent words? Kings and Presidents, the princes of the
earth—terrestrial gods, as they are sometimes called—die like
other men. “All flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the
flower of grass; the grass withereth, and the flower thereof
falleth away, but the word of the Lord endureth forever.” And
where do we find this enduring word of the Lord in full presence
and power, save in the Logos Incarnate, our Lord Jesus Christ, who
is the Alpha and Omega of the whole creation, the same yesterday,
to-day and forever?

Happily, the venerable sage of Wheatland, as he has sometimes been
called, sought and found here what he himself was ready to
acknowledge as something better than all the greatness of the
world; an humble but strong trust in the atoning righteousness of
Christ, which brightened the whole evening of his life, which
proved to be the strength of his spirit, when heart and flesh
began to fail, and which now makes his death but the quiet sleep
that precedes the morning of the resurrection. He died in the
Lord; this is our great comfort in following him to the grave. We
sorrow not as those who have no hope. “For if we believe that
Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus
will God bring with him.”

In some sense, Mr. Buchanan was a religious man, we may say, all
his life. Brought into the Presbyterian church by baptism in his
infancy, he enjoyed at the same time the unspeakable advantage of
an early Christian training, which made itself felt more or less
sensibly on all his character and conduct in later years. In
serious conversation with me on this subject less than a year ago,
he referred, with moistened eyes and faltering voice, to the
lessons that had been instilled into him as a boy, especially by
his pious mother. She had taught him to pray; and her presence, as
an invisible ministering spirit, seemed to hold him to the duty,
as it were in spite of himself, through the whole of his
subsequent public life. Whatever of worldliness there might be in
his thoughts and ways otherwise, his conscience would not allow
him to give up the outward exercise, at least, of some private as
well as public, forms of devotion. He made it a point to read the
bible, honored the Sabbath, and observed more or less faithfully
stated times for secret prayer.

His general character, at the same time, was always good. Those
who stood nearest to him in his public life, and who knew him
best, have ever united in bearing the most favorable testimony to
what he was in this view. He has been known and spoken of on all
sides as a true gentleman of the old school, distinguished for his
personal integrity, a man of honorable spirit, upright in his
deportment, and beyond the common measure virtuous in his manners.
He was unquestionably one of the purest in mind, and most
exemplary in life, belonging to the generation of public men,
which has now come to a close in his death. It is, indeed,
something wonderful, that in his peculiar circumstances he should
have been able to pass through such a long life of exposure to all
forms of corruption and sin, so generally unscathed as he seems to
have been by the fiery ordeal. In this respect, he is worthy of
lasting admiration, and may well be held up as an example for the
study and imitation of younger candidates for political
distinction coming after his day. When will all our public men lay
to heart, as they ought, that true oracle of the olden time: “The
memory of the just is blessed; but the name of the wicked shall
rot?”

All this, however, Mr. Buchanan himself very well knew, fell short
of what was required to make him a Christian in the full sense of
the term; and as he advanced in life accordingly, he seems to have
turned his mind more and more seriously to the necessity of
becoming a follower of the Saviour in a more inward and strict
way. This practical discipleship he believed himself to have
reached in some measure years before he withdrew from political
life. Yet, he made then no open profession of his faith, in the
way of what is commonly called joining the church, under the idea
that there was some reason for postponing it in the peculiar
circumstances in which he stood as a public man. That idea, of
course, was a serious mistake, as he himself acknowledged it to be
afterwards, when earnestly spoken with on the subject. He ought to
have joined the church sooner, he said, and especially before he
left Washington. As it was, he took this important step in due
course of time, subsequently, after full serious consideration, by
connecting himself in form with the Presbyterian church of
Lancaster, which had been his regular place of worship previously,
where he continued to worship afterwards, and in communion with
which he has now departed this life, “looking for the general
resurrection in the last day, and the life of the world to come.”

It was my privilege to converse with him frequently on religious
subjects, during these his last years, and I can say his mind
seemed to be always clear and remarkably firm, as well as
consistent, in the apprehension of Christianity, under its
simplest and most commonly acknowledged evangelical form. He had
studied carefully, I may be allowed to state, the Heidelberg
Catechism (that most œcumenical, and in some respects most
genial of all the Reformed Protestant Confessions), and he was
accustomed to speak highly of it at all times, as being a summary
of religious truth, to which he could cordially subscribe as the
full expression of his theological faith.[189]

Footnote 189:

Conversing with his executor and friend, Mr. Swarr, in regard to
his decease, a short time before it took place, he took occasion
to say, in the way of dying testimony: “The principles of the
Christian religion were instilled into my mind in my youth; and
from all I have observed and experienced in the long life
Providence has vouchsafed to me, I have only become more
strengthened in the conviction of the Divine character of the
Saviour, and the power of atonement through His redeeming grace
and mercy.”

More particularly, however, it was during the last summer, that I
had the opportunity of coming to the most intimate knowledge of
his Christian views and hopes, on the occasion of his returning
home from Cape May, under an attack of a strange sickness which
threatened at the time to carry him to the grave. The sickness was
attended with but little bodily pain, and it left his mind
perfectly clear and free, while yet it was of such a character as
to produce in his own mind the strong impression that it would end
in his death. In these solemn circumstances, I had interviews with
him day after day for some time, in which I talked with him, and
prayed with him, as a dying man; and in which he talked also most
freely himself with regard to his own condition, giving utterance
to his views and feelings in a way which furnished the most
satisfactory and pleasing evidence that religion had become with
him, indeed, a deeply-settled principle in the soul, and such a
conviction of faith as could not be shaken by the powers either of
earth or hell. Let it be sufficient here to say, that he was able
to resign himself with full filial confidence and trust into the
hands of God as a faithful Creator and Saviour, and that he found
Him an all sufficient help in his time of need. At the same time,
his faith was far more than a vague trust merely in God’s general
goodness and mercy. It was most explicitly the humble, penitent
reliance of one who knew himself to be a sinner, on the mercy of
God secured to men through His Son Jesus Christ. At this time,
especially, more than before, he was brought to see and feel the
importance of simply looking to Jesus (in the spirit of St. John’s
gospel and of the Apostle’s Creed), as being Himself the sum and
substance of the whole Christian salvation. His mind fastened with
peculiar interest on the text: “Lord to whom shall we go? Thou
hast the words of eternal life. And we believe and are sure that
Thou art that Christ the Son of the living God.”[190]

Footnote 190:

These pastoral conferences—_horæ vespertinæ_ they might be
called, held as they were mostly in the autumnal twilight, on
what seemed to be for us the utmost verge of time—were
peculiarly interesting and solemn to myself, as they were always
most cordially welcomed also by Mr. Buchanan. There was no
reserve or hesitation in his manner. His habitual diplomatic
caution was gone. At the same time there was no excitement or
agitation in his mind. He was perfectly calm, and had no fear of
death whatever. Still it was full before him, and he had no
disposition to hide from himself its awful presence. He wished
to be talked with as a man who felt himself to be on the borders
of the eternal world, and who was fully awake to the dread
issues of the life to come. But with all this, his spirit abode
in quiet confidence and peace, and the ground of his trust
throughout was the mercy of God through the righteousness of
Jesus Christ. There was nothing like enthusiasm, of course, in
his experience; the general nature of the man made that
impossible. His religion showed itself rather in the form of
fixed trust in God, thankfulness for His past mercy, and general
resignation to His holy will. In these twilight hours, thus
circumstanced, it could not be but that central regard was had
continually to the person of Jesus Christ, and the significance
of the Christian redemption as comprehended in the idea of His
coming in the flesh. This Christological way of looking at the
gospel was in some measure new to Mr. Buchanan, or at least it
had not taken hold of his mind, as he confessed, in the same
manner before. Now, however, it gave him great satisfaction, and
he considered it one special benefit of his sickness, that it
had taught him to see in the simple exercise of “looking to
Jesus” what he found to be, for himself, at least, the most
consoling and the most strengthening practice of Christian
faith.

Altogether it was a death-bed experience, full of tranquil light
and peace, the calm evening sunset of a long life, which seemed to
be itself but the brightening promise of a new and far better life
beyond the grave.

His late sickness, which has now terminated in his death, was more
prostrating for him throughout, both in body and in mind, than
that of which I have just spoken. Through it all, however, his
views and feelings in regard to religion he declared to be, in the
prospect of quitting the world, just what he had over and over
again witnessed them to be before. He bowed with entire submission
to his Heavenly Father’s will. His last intelligible word, indeed,
whispered in the ear of anxious affection bending over him, as he
was turned somewhat painfully upon his bed, and felt, no doubt,
that the end had come—after which he fell away into the gentle
sleep that some hours later closed the scene—was the short
Christian prayer: “O Lord, God Almighty, as Thou wilt!” Thus he
passed away. His trust was in Christ crucified and risen from the
dead, and in Christ alone. He died in the full faith of the
gospel, and in the joyful hope of having part at last in the
resurrection of the body and the life everlasting.

He sleeps in Jesus. Be this his epitaph; the last and crowning
honor of his long, illustrious life; the richest ornament of his
public, no less than of his private memory and name. Be this also
the consolation of his sorrowful friends as they look upon that
venerable majestic form here lying in state before us, and are
called now to follow it in slow melancholy procession to the
grave. We sorrow not as others, which have no hope; for if Jesus
died and rose again, them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring
with Him. The aged statesman has been gathered to his fathers full
of years, like a shock of corn fully ripe and laden with fruit; he
has served his country well, and enjoyed its honors largely, in
his generation; he has left behind him a fair example of justice,
benevolence, integrity and truth, a bright record indeed, of
honorable and virtuous character in all respects. In all this we
find matter for thankful satisfaction, and occasion for bowing in
meek submission to the Divine will, which has now at last removed
him from our sight. But, through all this, at the same time, we
triumph and rejoice most of all, as Christians, in what we know to
have been his Christian death, and in the assurance that we have,
therefore, of his being still with us, and near to us, in Christ.

To Whom, now let us offer our united and unfeigned thanks for that
victory over death and the grave, which he has obtained for us and
for all who sleep in Him; while we pray also for power to follow
the faith of those who have gone before us, “that we may enter at
death into their joy, and so abide with them in rest and peace,
till both they and we shall reach our common consummation of
redemption and bliss in the glorious resurrection of the last
day.” _Amen._

The remains of James Buchanan lie in a beautiful rural cemetery near the city of Lancaster, beneath a simple monument, which records only the date of his birth and of his death, and the fact that he was the fifteenth President of the United States. It is well that the soil of Pennsylvania holds his ashes, for he was the most eminent statesman yet given by that great commonwealth to the service of the country since the Constitution of the United States was established.

INDEX.

ABERDEEN, LORD, Course of, on Oregon question, i., 568;
Is informed by Mr. McLane of Mr. Buchanan’s despatch on Oregon
Question, 558;
Gives information that Oregon treaty is approved, 604.

ABERDEEN LORD, Premier, ii., 104;
Ministry of, ii., 105, 107.

ADAMS, CHAS. F., Nomination of, ii., 9.

ADAMS, JAMES H., Commissioner from South Carolina, ii., 370.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, Candidate at popular election of 1824, i.,
38;
Received unanimous votes of what States, 39;
Election of, by House of Representatives, 44;
Opposition to, who composed, 57;
Administration, who were friends of, 58;
Minority of friends in Congress, 70;
Reference to election of, in 1825, 506;
Reference to administration of, 511, 394;
Referred to by Mr. R. P. Letcher, 514;
On secession, ii., 603.

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, i., #219#.

ALABAMA, Secession of, ii., 42.

ALBERT, PRINCE, of Prussia, i., 207.

ALBERT, PRINCE, ii., 112.

ALEXANDER, EMPEROR, of Russia, i., 155, 221.

ALFONSKOI, Russian physician, i., 195, 196, 198.

ALLEN, WILLIAM, U. S. Senator, reference to, on Texas question, i.,
519; ii., 195, note.

AMERICA, CENTRAL, Negotiations with Lord Clarendon concerning, ii.,
126 et seq.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE, i., 201.

AMERICAN SYSTEM, Mr. Buchanan’s views of, i., 76.

ANDERSON, MAJOR, Removal of, from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter,
ii., 365, 370;
Temporary truce of, 449 et seq.;
Extraordinary despatches from, 497;
Letter of, to General Dix, 496, 518.

ANNE, EMPRESS, of Russia, i., 204.

ANNEXATION. (See Texas.)

ANNUNCIATION, Cathedral of, i., 199.

ANTI-MASONS, who were called, i., 231.

ANTOINE, REV. FATHER, Abbot of monastery, i., 202.

APPLETON, JOHN, of Maine, Mr. Buchanan’s Secretary of Legation in
London, ii., 179.

APPROPRIATION, ANNUAL, Motion to strike out salary of minister to
Russia, i., 129.

ARGYLE, DUKE of, Lord Privy Seal, ii., 105.

ASHBURTON, LORD, i., 504.

ASSUMPTION, Cathedral of, i., 199.

ATHERTON, CHAS. G., i., 519.

ARTHUR, PRINCE, Son of Princess Lieven, i., 217.

AUTHOR, Refutation a duty of the, ii., 511, 517.

BAKER, J. B., Letter to, ii., 622.

BAKER, MRS. GEO. W., Niece of Mr. Buchanan, i., 531, note;
Death of, ii., 159.

BALDWIN, MR. JUSTICE, Death of, i., 561, 26.

BALTIMORE LADIES, Spirit of, in 1863, ii., 612.

BANCROFT, GEO., Letter of, to Mr. Buchanan, i., 590;
Mission to England, 574, 575.

BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, i., 184;
Mr. Buchanan an early opponent of, 15.

BANK QUESTION, Retrospective view of, i., 411, 416.

BANKRUPT ACT of 1841, Mr. Buchanan’s speech on, i., 461.

BANKRUPTCY, Meaning of, under the constitution, i., 30.

BANKRUPTCY BILL, Discussion on, in 1821-22, i., 31.

BARBOUR, GOV. JAMES, of Virginia, i., 606.

BARBOUR, PHILIP P., i., 26.

BARGAIN AND CORRUPTION, i., 41, 56;
Unfounded charges of, 43;
Mr. Buchanan’s course in regard to, 41, 56;
Revival of, i., 506.

BARLOW, S. L. M., MR. (of New York), quoted, i., 22, note;
Account by, of proceedings of Cincinnati Convention, ii., 170 et
seq.

BARNWELL, ROBERT W., Commissioner from South Carolina, ii., 370.

BASHNIA, SOUCHAREVA, i., 196.

BATES, JOSHUA, Partner of Baring Bros. & Co., i., 226, and
note.

BEALE WILLIAM, State Senator, i., 10.

BELL, MR., Senator from Tennessee, ii., 195, note.

BENTON, THOMAS H., Opposed to administration of John Q. Adams, i.,
58;
Politics of, 232;
Resolutions of, on surplus money, 243;
Resolutions of, in relation to defence of U. S., in case of war
with France, 268;
Expunging resolution of, 291, 293, 294, 305,
306;
Antipathy of, to paper currency, 496;
Subject of vituperation by his party, 510;
Hue and cry against, 512;
Pretensions of, to Presidency, 517;
References to, 519, 528;
Conduct and speech of, on Oregon question, 559;
Course of, on Oregon question, 570;
Reference to, 612.

BERNARD, GENERAL, Reference to, as favoring General Jackson’s
election, i., 55.

BERNSDOFF, COUNTESS, ii., 159.

BERRIEN, J. MACPHERSON, Reference to, i., 545.

BEVERLY, CARTER, Conversation of, with General Jackson on incidents
preceding the election of Mr. Adams, i., 49;
Visit of, to General Jackson, 49.

BIGLER, MR., U. S. Senator, Note of, to President, ii., 465.

BILLS IN CONGRESS, Conscription, 1815, i., 9;
Bill for relief of surviving officers of revolution, 58;
Panama appropriation, 67;
Alteration of tariff, 75;
Cumberland Road, 81;
To amend and extend judicial system, 95;
To repeal 25th section of judiciary act, 110;
Fortification Bill, 240;
Removal of executive officers, 281;
Removal of the public deposits from the Bank of the United
States, 291;
To restrain use of mails for the circulation of incendiary
publications, 338;
To accept services of volunteers for defence of frontiers,
368;
To prevent interference of Federal officers with elections,
378;
For the renewal of the charter of United States Bank, 413;
To rescind the Specie Circular, 417;
To authorize issue of Treasury notes, 422;
To prevent Pennsylvania Bank from reissuing and circulating notes
of old bank, 423;
For a bank with power to establish offices of discount, 459;
To create a Fiscal Corporation of the United States, 459;
Bankrupt Act, 461.

BIRNEY, JAMES G., Anti-slavery candidate for Presidency, i.,
543.

BLACK, JEREMIAH S., ATTORNEY GENERAL, ii., 194;
Letter of, 309;
Opinion of, 319;
Objects to the answer of President Buchanan to commissioners,
379;
Fears of, in regard to inauguration of Lincoln, 491, 514;
Letter of, to Mr. Schell, 519;
Letter of, to Mr. Buchanan, 562.

BLAKE, DR., Letters to, ii., 601, 614.

BLAKE, JOHN B., Letters of, to Mr. Buchanan, ii., 524, 525.

BLIGH, MR., British Minister at Russian court, i., 150;
Accompanies Mr. Buchanan as far as Cronstadt, 217.

BONAPARTE, NAPOLEON, References to, i., 198, 222.

BORGO, COUNT POZZO DI, Conversation with Mr. Buchanan, i.,
175;
Called on by Mr. Buchanan, 220;
Mr. Buchanan dines with, 222;
Reference to conversations with, by Mr. Buchanan, 234.

BRANCH, MR., ii., 491.

BRECKINRIDGE, MR., Candidate for Vice Presidency, ii., 177;
Nominated by Southern Democratic Convention, 288.

BRIGHT, JESSE D., Senator from Indiana, ii., 360.

BROGLIE, DUC DE, Visited by Mr. Buchanan, i., 221;
Conversation of, with Mr. Buchanan in 1833, 234;
Reference to his note to Mr. Barton, 239;
His assurance to Mr. Livingston, 252;
Conduct of, as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 271;
Letter to, by Mr. Livingston, 273;
Famous letter of, to Chargé at Washington, 274;
Letter of, to M. Pageot, 279.

BROWN, AARON V., Postmaster General, ii., 194.

BROWN, JAMES, Senator in Congress from Louisiana when Mr. Buchanan
entered that body, i., 25.

BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, Mr. Buchanan dines with, at his country house,
i., 137, 138 and note.

BRUNNOW, BARON DE, Reference to request of, i., 167.

BUCHANAN, Family of, Scotch-Irish, i., 1, 3.

BUCHANAN, MISS ANNIE, On Mr. Buchanan’s character and last days,
ii., 674 et seq.

BUCHANAN, GEO. W., Brother of the President, i., 3;
Letter of, to his brother James, 109.

BUCHANAN, JOHN, Grandfather of the President, i., 3.

BUCHANAN, MRS., Mother of the President, Letter of, to her son
James, i., 134;
Death of, 209, note.

BUCHANAN, JAMES, Father of the President, i., 1;
Letters of, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14.

BUCHANAN, JAMES, the President, His autobiographical sketch, i.,
1 et seq.;
Birth of, 4;
Education, 4;
College career, 4, 6;
Admitted to the bar, 7;
A Federalist in politics, 8;
Volunteers in the War of 1812, 8;
On defence of the country, 8, 10;
Oration of, on July 4th, 1815, 12;
Elected to the legislature, 8;
Re-elected to the legislature, 14;
Counsel for an impeached Judge, 16;
Rising to eminence as a lawyer, 17;
Suffers a great disappointment in love, 17 et seq.;
Elected to Congress, 23;
First debate of, relative to military establishment, 30;
Speech on tariff of, 1823-4, 36;
Professional income, 37;
Scandals as to supposed agency of, for Mr. Clay, 40;
Action of, in regard to, 41;
First acquaintance with General Jackson and Mr. Clay, 41;
Interview with General Jackson at Seven Buildings, 42;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 44;
Integrity of, 51;
Letters of, to Mr. Ingham, 51, 54;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 55;
Opposition of, to administration of John Q. Adams, 58;
Speech of, in support of bill for relief of officers of
Revolution, 59;
Speech of, on Panama Mission, 65;
Remarks on slavery, 68;
Opposes Mr. Chilton’s resolution on abolition of offices,
71;
Replies to Mr. Everett, 72;
Powers as a debater, 74;
Views of, on tariff, 74;
Speech on tariff, 74;
Replies to Mr. Sprague on tariff, 75;
Views on subject of navy, 78;
Opposition of, to administration, how carried on, 80;
Speech of, on appropriation for surveys, 80;
Course of, on Cumberland Road, 81;
Speech on Cumberland Road, 82;
Speech of, against second election to Presidency, 92;
Action of, in election of General Jackson, 94;
Report of, on judicial system, 95;
Chairman of judiciary committee, 95;
Re-election of, to Congress in 1828, 95;
Speech of, on judiciary act, 95;
Supports bill on judiciary system, 99, 100;
Favors increase of Supreme Court Judges, 104;
Views on judicial appointments, 105;
Report of, on recommendation of judiciary committee, 107;
Trial of Judge Peck, 108;
Speech as a manager of the impeachment, 108;
Letter from his brother George, 109;
Remarks on twenty-fifth section of judiciary act, 113;
Spoken of as candidate for Vice Presidency, 122;
Letter of, to George Plitt, 122;
Qualifications of, for great success at bar, 123;
Letters from his brother George, 124, 125, 126;
Letters of, to Mr. Eaton, 130, 131;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 134;
Letter of, to his brother Edward, 138;
Diary of, on journey from Lancaster to Europe, 136;
From London to St. Petersburg, 140;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 142;
Letter of, to his brother Edward, 144;
Letter of, to John B. Sterigere, 146;
Letter of, to his brother Edward, 147;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 149;
Letter of, to his brother Edward, 152;
Letter of, to Mrs. Slaymaker, 154;
Letter from his mother, 158, note;
Letter of, to his brother Edward, 159;
Letter of, to General Jackson, 164;
Interview with Count Nesselrode, on commercial treaty, 165;
Despatch of, to Secretary of State at Washington, 167;
Commercial treaty, summary of, by, 168;
Letter of, to General Jackson, on maritime treaty, 174;
Failure of the latter, 174;
Despatch of, to Secretary of State, 176;
Letter of, to Secretary of State at Washington, 181;
Letter of, to Mr. Sterigere, 189;
Journey of, to Moscow, 192;
Arrives at home, 227;
Elected to the Senate, 228;
Senator’s duties, 230, note;
Remarks of, on relations with France, 236;
Reply of, to Mr. Clay, in relation to France, 238;
Remarks of, on President’s message in regard to France, 238;
Position of, in relation to France, 236;
Vindicates an amendment to fortification bill, 241;
Surplus revenue, remarks on resolution of Mr. Benton concerning,
243;
Speech of, on power of removal by the President, 282;
Speech of, on expunging resolution, 293;
Views of, on censure of President by Senate, 292;
Course of, as to slavery, 315;
Remarks on slavery, 316;
Remarks on reception of Quaker memorial, 319 et seq.;
Presents a petition from Society of Friends, 337;
Remarks of, on bill to restrain circulation of incendiary
publications, 340 et seq.;
Remarks of, in favor of admission of Michigan, 358;
Remarks of, on bill for services of volunteers for defence of
frontiers, 368;
Speech of, on interference of Federal officers with elections,
378 et seq.;
Speech of, in support of bill against Pennsylvania Bank,
423;
Relations of, to political warfare on the currency question,
449 et seq.;
Letters of, 452-457;
On the administration of President Tyler, 459;
Reply of, to Mr. Clay on veto power, 460, 472 et seq.;
Opposes bankrupt law of 1841, 461 et seq.;
Describes the Exchequer Board, 471;
Opposes ratification of treaty with England, 504;
Reference to conversation of, in 1825, 507;
Letters of, 509, 511;
Third election of, to the Senate, 515;
Proposed nomination of, for Presidency, 516;
Withdraws from canvass, 517;
Letters of, 518, 519, 523, 524 et seq.;
Domestic and social life of, 531;
Letters of, to Miss Lane, 533;
Domestic circle of, 534;
Private fortune of, 535, note;
Letters of, to Miss Lane, 536 et seq.;
Remarks of, on annexation of Texas, 545;
Becomes Secretary of State, 547;
Interviews with Mr. Pakenham at State Departments, 555;
Despatch of, to Mr. McLane, 558;
Letters of, 559, 574;
Despatch of, to Mr. King, on Texas question, 584;
Action of, in regard to Texas, 585, 586;
Despatch to Mr. Slidell on Mexican question, 595;
Further instructs Mr. Slidell, 596;
Position of, as to Presidency, ii., 8;
Reference to, 9;
Letters of, to his niece, 11 et seq.;
Supports compromise measures, 11;
Letter of, to Central Southern Rights Association of Virginia,
23;
Letter of, to Shelton F. Leake and others, 24;
Letter of, to John Nelson, William F. Giles, etc., 26;
Address of, to citizens of Philadelphia, 28;
Candidate for nomination, 34;
Letters of, 39, 40, 41, 42;
Speech of, at Greensburgh, Penn., in 1852, 43 et seq.;
Offered mission to England by President Pierce, 76;
Conversation of, with Mr. Pierce on English mission, 76 et seq.;
Letters of, to President Pierce, 69, 83 et seq.;
Declines a farewell dinner in Lancaster, 93;
Letters to Miss Lane, 94 et seq.;
Arrives in Liverpool, 99;
Visits Lord Clarendon, 100;
Conversation of, with Sir Edward Cust, on court etiquette, 107 et
seq.;
Letters of, to Miss Lane, 109, 112 et seq.;
Attends the Queen’s first levee of the season, 112;
Dines with the Queen, 113;
Letters of, to Mr. Marcy, 117 et seq., 119, 121;
Letter of, to Mr. Capen, 120;
Letters of, to Gov. Bigler and Mr. Marcy, 122, 123;
Letter of, to his housekeeper, Miss Hetty Parker, 124;
Letter of, to his niece, Mrs. Baker, 124;
Social position of, in England, 142;
Letters of, to Mrs. Baker and Miss Lane, 148 et seq.;
Returns to United States, 169;
Nomination of, for the Presidency, 170;
Letters of, to Messrs. Wm. B. Reed, James C. Dobbin, Nahum Capen,
178-181;
Letter of, on Pacific Railroad, 183;
Letter of, on Presidential election, 183;
Letter of, on subject of mission, 185;
Inauguration of, as President, 187;
Inaugural address of, 188 et seq.;
Cabinet of, 193;
Upholds the Territorial government in Kansas, 197;
Results of this action, 198;
Position of, as President, in regard to slavery, 202 et seq.;
Administration of, 211;
Foreign relations of United States during this period, 211 et
seq.;
Policy of, in regard to Mexico, 219;
Messages of, to Congress, Dec., 1859, 220, Dec., 1860, 221;
Complimentary gift to, from Prince Albert, 228;
Letters of, to Queen Victoria, 229, 231;
Letters of, to Miss Lane, 240 et seq.;
Protest against action of House of Representatives, 249 et seq.;
Letter of, to Mr. J. G. Bennett, 261;
Letter of, to Arnold Plumer on election, 286;
Letter of, to C. Comstock, 289;
Speech of, from White House, 290;
Soundness of views of, on anti-slavery, 295, 296;
Course of, in 1860, after Mr. Lincoln’s election, 304 et seq.;
Letter of, to editors of Lancaster _Intelligencer_, Oct., 1862,
307;
Refuses to garrison Southern forts, 307;
Reasons of, for not acting upon General Scott’s views, 309 et
seq.;
Letter of, to Attorney General Black, 319;
History of annual message of Dec., 1860, 330 et seq.;
Message of Dec., 1860, 337 et seq.;
Reception of message in cabinet, Congress and country, 352;
Account by, of General Scott’s second recommendation, 367;
Letter of, to Governor Pickens, of South Carolina, 368;
Interview of, with South Carolina commissioners, 372, 377;
Result of the interview, 374;
Orders of, to Major Anderson, respecting the forts, 375;
Reference to conversation of, with General Jackson, 381;
Draft of proposed answer to commissioners, 384;
Modified by Judge Black, 386;
Letter of, to General Cass, 398;
Memorandum of, on resignation of General Cass, 399;
Action of Congress on annual message, 418 et seq.;
Letter of, to James Gordon Bennett, 431;
Special message of, to Congress, 433 et seq.;
Course of, reviewed, 444 et seq.;
Attacked by Jefferson Davis, 444;
Interview of, with Senator Clay, of Alabama, 452 et seq.;
Letters of, to Mr. Tyler, 466, 467;
His account of an interview with, 468;
Message of, of Jan. 28th, 1861, quoted, 473;
His action in regard to Fort Sumter 474;
Note of, to Mr. Holt, 474;
Conference of, with General Scott and Mr. Holt, 475;
His account of the neglects of Congress, 478;
No suggestion made by, to Mr. Davis, of Confederate
commissioners, 485 et seq.;
Special message of, 494;
Note of, to Mr. Tyler, 495;
Knowledge of, and reverence for, Constitution, 502;
His interview with Mr. Lincoln, 505;
Departure of, for Wheatland, 506;
Letter of, to Mr. Toucey, 514;
Letter of, to Miss Lane, 522;
Letter of, to Judge Black, 523;
Letter of, to John B. Blake, 524;
Noble conduct of, 526;
Letters of, to Messrs. Holt and Bennett, 530;
Letters of, to General Dix, 535;
Letters of, to Mr. J. B. Henry, 541, 548;
Letter of, to Mr. J. C. G. Kennedy, 546;
Letter of, to General Dix, 542, 544;
Letter of, to Mr. Stanton, 545;
Letter of, to Mr. Baker, 545;
Letter of, to Dr. John B. Blake, 562;
Letter of, to Mr. Hallock, 555;
Letter of, to Mr. King, 557;
Letters of, to Mr. Leiper, 559, 561;
Letters of, to Mr. King, 563, 567, 569, 579, 582, 636;
Letters of, to Mr. Bates, 565;
Letter of, to a committee of the citizens of Lancaster County,
etc., 565;
Letters of, to J. B. Henry, 566, 578, 598, 601, 657;
Letters of, to Miss Lane, 569, 571, 572, 576, 597, 605, 609, 612,
623, 631, 632;
Letter of, to Mr. Cobden, 570;
Letters of, to Mr. Leiper, 572, 578, 588, 593, 604, 613, 615,
622, 624, 627, 633, 641;
Letter of, to Charles Graffin, 651;
Letter of, to J. W. Wall, 635;
Letter of, to Messrs. Osborne and Baldwin, 652;
Letter of, to Rev. P. Coombe, 636;
Letter of, to Miss Jane Buchanan, 650;
Letters of, to Dr. Blake, 573, 580, 584, 587, 588, 591, 594, 595,
598, 601, 605, 606, 609, 614, 615, 629, 646, 661;
Letter of, to Judge Woodward, 577;
Letters of, to J. Buchanan Henry, 578, 598, 625;
Letter of, to John A. Parker, 579;
Letter of, to Mrs. Boyd, 583;
Letter of, to Mr. Stanton, 583;
Letter of, to Judge Black, 585;
Letters of, to Isaac Toucey, 586, 599, 620, 641;
Letters of, to Wm. Flinn, 591, 634, 645;
Letter of, to Mr. Hughes, 595;
Letter of, to C. E. Bennett, 596;
Letters of, to Mr. Capen, 596, 599, 604, 607, 608, 609, 616, 617,
618, 624, 626, 630, 639, 644, 649, 651, 654, 655, 657, 658,
663;
Letters of, to Mr. Schell, 610, 617;
Letters of, to Mr. Hassard, 627;
Letter of, to Mrs. Viele, 619;
Letters of, to Mr. J. B. Baker, 611, 622, 633, 644, 655, 658;
Letter of, to James Buchanan, 623;
Letter of, to Mr. Johnston, 633, 659;
Letter of, to editor of _Evening Post_, 637;
Letter of, to Horace Greeley, 639;
Letter of, to a friend, 641, 645;
Letter of, to C. J. Faulkner, 643;
Letter of, to Manton Marble, 643;
Letters of, to Mrs. Johnston, 645, 648, 649, 653, 656, 660, 662;
Letter of, to Miss Henrietta Buchanan, 647;
Letter of, to Rev. Ed. Y. Buchanan, 652;
Letter of, to Mrs. Shunk, 654, 656;
Letter of, to Mr. Schell, 659;
Letter of, to Miss Baker, 662;
Death of, 664;
His character as a statesman, a man and a Christian, 664 et seq.

BUCHANAN, WM. SPEER, Brother of the President, i., 3;
Death of, 158.

BULOW, BARON, Dines at Prince Lieven’s, i., 224;
Dines at Lord Palmerston’s, 225.

BURKE, EDMUND, Quoted, i., 302;
His use of word “expunge,” 310.

BURNETT, MR., From Kentucky, ii., 491.

BURR, AARON, Visits Talleyrand, i., 225.

BUTLER, W. O., Nomination for Vice Presidency, ii., 8.

BUTTRE, JOHN C., Engraver, Referred to, ii., 240.

CABINET, CRISIS, ii., 383, 385;
Reconstruction of, 400;
Scene in, 518, 521;
Letter of Mr. Schell to Judge Black concerning, 518 et seq.;
Judge Black’s reply, 519, 520;
John B. Floyd, 518;
Pretended remarks of Messrs. Black, Holt, Stanton, Dix, etc., in
the cabinet, 519.

CALDERON, MADAME, Wife of Spanish minister, letter to Mr. Buchanan,
i., 618.

CALHOUN, JOHN C., Secretary of War under President Monroe, i.,
24;
Vice President, 94;
In the Senate, 232;
Remarks on relations with France, 239;
Illustration referred to, 288;
Position towards slavery in District of Columbia, 315;
Votes against memorials being received, 319;
References to, 322, 333, 341, 343;
Reference to a bill of, 345;
Report on defence of Western frontiers, 372 et seq.;
Secretary of State under President Tyler, 543;
Popularity on entering Senate, 559;
Political death referred to, 570;
Letter to Mr. Buchanan, 576;
Plan for bringing Texas into the Union, 581;
Reference to, ii., 9;
Death of, 10, note;
Correct conclusion from doctrines of, 315;
Senator from South Carolina, 361.

CALIFORNIA, Demand to be admitted into the Union, ii., 9.

CAMBRELENG, CHURCHILL C., Enters House of Representatives with Mr.
Buchanan, i., 25.

CAMIDGE, REV. MATTHEW, Pastor of English chapel in Moscow, i.,
199;
Dines at Mr. Cavenaugh’s, 204.

CAMPBELL, G. W., Memorial from bar of Nashville, in relation to
seventh circuit, i., 96.

CAMPBELL, JUDGE, ii., 514.

CANCRENE, COUNT, Minister of Finance at St. Petersburgh, opposition
to commercial treaties, i., 152, 162, 166,
168.

CANNING, SIR STRATFORD, Ambassador from England, refused by the
Emperor of Russia, i., 216.

CARLISLE, ii., 607.

CARLOS, DON, Possible succession to throne of Spain, i., 149.

CAROLINA, SOUTH, Celebrated ordinance adopted by, in 1832, i.,
183;
Secession, ii., 316, 319;
Commissioners from, arrival in Washington, 367;
Ordinance of secession adopted by convention of, 370;
Attitude of, 369, 372;
Demands of her commissioners, 372, 375;
President Buchanan’s draft of answer to the commissioners of,
385;
The reply which was sent, 386, 392.

CASS, LEWIS, i., 559, 570;
Position in regard to Presidency, ii., 8;
Nomination for Presidency, 8;
Candidate for nomination, 34;
Influence of, 74;
Secretary of State, 193;
Letter of, 217, note;
Resignation of, 396;
Letter to President Buchanan, 397.

CASTLEREAGH, LORD, i., 161.

CATHARINE, EMPRESS of Russia, Character of, i., 154.

CATHARINE SECOND, of Russia, i., 204.

CATON, BETSY, Younger sister of Lady Stafford, ii., 102.

CATRON, MR. JUSTICE, Conversation with President Jackson, i., 235,
note;
Reference to, 529, note.

CAVENAUGH, MR., Dinner given by, i., 204.

CHAMFORT, French writer, quoted, i., 38.

CHANNING, REV. WM. E., Quoted, on anti-slavery, ii., 296, and note.

CHANTRY, LADY, ii., 153.

CHARLESTON, Democratic convention at, ii., 287.

CHASE, ORMOND, Fate in Mexico, ii., 218.

CHASE, WM. H., Commander of State troops in Pensacola, Florida,
ii., 461.

CHATHAM, LORD, Reference to letters of, i., 533.

CHEVES, LANGDON, i., 26.

CHICAGO CONVENTION which nominated McClellan, ii., 624.

CHILTON, MR., Resolutions on curtailing expenses of Government, i.,
70.

CHINA, Relations of United States with, ii., 226;
Amendment of treaty with, ibid.

CLARENDON, COUNTESS, Asks for autograph of Gen. Washington, ii.,
113.

CLARENDON, LORD, Foreign Secretary, ii., 104, 116;
Action on Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 126, 133, 135, 184.

CLARKE, JAMES, Candidate for election to Senate in 1834, i.,
228.

CLAY, HENRY, Reference to, i., 26;
Candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 38;
Course in regard to, 39;
Reference to Mr. Buchanan in 1827, 53;
Views on subject of protection, 74;
Candidate of Whigs for the Presidency, 231;
Leader of Whig party in 1832, 231;
Reference to, 232;
Resolution on removal of deposits, 291;
References to, 295, 297, 301, 302;
Course on slavery, 333;
Reference to remarks of, 347;
References to, 496, 502, 503, 506;
Conversation in Jan., 1825, 507;
Secretary of State under J. Q. Adams, 511;
His meaning in “carrying the war into Africa,” 514;
Whig candidate for Presidency, 520;
His position in regard to annexation of Texas, 544.

CLAY, Senator from Alabama, President Buchanan’s memorandum of
visit from, ii., 452, 454.

CLAY, J. RANDOLPH, Reference to, i., 558;
Letter to, 560.

CLAYTON-BULWER Treaty, ii., 82;
Negotiations with Lord Clarendon concerning, 126, 133;
Ambiguity of, 212.

CLAY, HENRY, Compromise measures of, ii., 10, 47.

CLAYTON, JOHN M., Senator from Delaware, references to, i.,
232, 263;
Secretary of State, ii., 9.

CLAYTON, JOSHUA, ii., 195, note.

CLINTON, DE WITT, ii., 49.

COBB, HOWELL, Secretary of Treasury, ii., 193.

COBDEN, HON. RICHARD, Letter to Mr. Buchanan, ii., 560.

COCHRANE, JOHN, From New York, ii., 491.

COLCOCK, WM. F., United States Collector at Custom House in
Charleston, resigns, ii., 483.

COLEMAN, MISS ANNE C., Betrothed to Mr. Buchanan, ii., 17 et seq.;
Their engagement broken off, 17;
Sudden and melancholy death of, 17, 22;
Lasting sorrow produced by it, 21, 22.

COLEMAN, ROBERT, Father of Miss Anne C. Coleman, i., 17,
21.

COLOGNE, Mr. Buchanan visits, i., 219.

COMMERCIAL TREATY between United States and Russia, when and where
signed, i., 169, 170.

COMPROMISE MEASURES, Supported by Messrs. Webster and Calhoun, ii.,
10;
Become a law, 11.

COMPROMISE, The Crittenden, ii., 421.

CONFEDERATE CONGRESS, First Assembly at Montgomery, ii., 476;
Of what States composed, ibid.

CONFERENCE, OSTEND, ii., 136.

CONGRESS, The fatal inaction of, ii., 420 et seq.

CONNECTICUT, Memorial to President Buchanan; his reply, ii., 199 et
seq.

CONRAD, CHAS. M., Secretary of War, ii., 11.

CONSCRIPTION ACT, Constitutionally valid, ii., 610.

CONSTANTINOPLE, i., 195.

CONSTITUTION, Nature of the United States, as understood by Mr.
Buchanan, i., 283.

CONVENTION between United States and France, i., 234.

CONVENTION, The Peace, ii., 439, 445;
Mr. Buchanan’s account of, 439, 444.

CORRUPT COALITION, Charge of, between Adams and Clay, i., 44.

CORWIN, THOMAS, Secretary of Treasury, ii., 11.

COURT COSTUMES, Mr. Buchanan’s course in regard to, ii., 110, 116.

COVE GAP, President Buchanan’s birthplace, i., 2.

COVODE INVESTIGATION, Account of, ii., 246 et seq.;
Mr. Buchanan’s message on, 254, 260.

CRAMPTON, MR., British minister, ii., 81;
Recall demanded by the United States, 134.

CRANWORTH, LORD, Lord Chancellor, ii., 104.

CRAWFORD, JOHN, Candidate at Presidential election in 1824, i.,
38, 45.

CRAWFORD, MR., Commissioner from Confederate States, ii., 486;
Representations of Mr. Buchanan by, 487.

CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE, History and rejection of, ii., 420 et seq.

CRITTENDEN, JOHN J., Senator from Kentucky, i., 378, 379;
Attorney General, ii., 11.

CRONSTADT, Mr. Buchanan visits, i., 217.

CUMBERLAND ROAD, Bill for, discussion of, i., 32, 33;
Historical Sketch of, 82, 83.

CUSHING, CALEB, ii., 78, 80;
Visit to Charleston, 368;
Letter delivered by, 368.

CUST, SIR EDWARD, Interview with Mr. Buchanan, ii., 111.

CUTHBERT, ALFRED, Senator from Georgia, i., 355, 357.

DALGOROUSKI, PRINCESS, A friend of Mr. Buchanan, i., 155.

DALLAS, GEO. M., Vice President, i., 528.

DASCHKAW, COUNT, Grand Master of Ceremonies at St. Petersburg, i.,
206.

DAVIDSON, DR., Principal of Dickinson College, i., 4.

DAVIS, JEFFERSON, Secretary of War, Conversation in regard to
appointments, ii., 78, 81;
Theory of, on secession, 328, note;
Senator from Mississippi, 360;
Vote on Crittenden Compromise, 423;
Course on secession, 424 et seq.;
Assumes the Presidency of the Confederate States, 470, 484, note,
485 et seq., 489.

DAVIS, JOHN, Senator from Massachusetts, i., 345.

DAVYDOFF, MR., Accompanies Mr. Buchanan to the American Institute,
i., 201.

DAYTON, MR., Candidate for Vice Presidency, ii., 177.

DEDAL, MR., Dines at Prince Lieven’s, i., 224.

DEMOCRATS, Who were, in 1828, i., 52;
Who were, in 1832, 231, 232.

DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION, Course in 1860, ii., 287 et seq.;
Becomes divided, 288, note;
Factions of, 289.

DEMOCRATIC PARTY, Platform of, ii., 8, note.

DERRICK, A. H., Letter to Mr. Buchanan, ii., 591.

DEVITCHER, Monastery of, i., 198.

DIARIST, The anonymous, confuted, ii., 393, 395.

DIARY of a public man, ii., 391, note.

DICKERSON, MAHLON, Senator from New Jersey, i., 58.

DICKINSON, DANIEL S., Candidate for nomination, ii., 34.

DICKINSON COLLEGE, Mr. Buchanan a graduate of, i., 4-6.

DINO, DUCHESSE DE, Wife of Prince Talleyrand’s nephew, Dines at
Prince Lieven’s, i., 224.

DIPLOMATIC INTRIGUES, i., 167.

DIX, JOHN A., Letter of, to Mr. Buchanan, ii., 288, note;
Secretary of Treasury, 401;
Letters of, 401, 495, 514;
Letters to Mr. Buchanan, 533, 537, 543, 551, 556, 568.

DIXON, MR., Senator from Kentucky, ii., 194.

DOUGLAS DEMOCRATS, ii., 603.

DOUGLAS, MR., Candidate for nomination, ii., 34;
Author of Kansas-Nebraska Act, 195;
Discussion by, 195 et seq.;
Nomination of, 288, 360.

DROGOMIROV, BARRIER DE, i., 198.

DUANE, MR., Secretary of Treasury, i., 205, 297.

DURHAM, LORD, How received at St. Petersburg, i., 150.

EATON, JOHN H., Reference by General Jackson in 1827, i., 53;
Colleague and friend of General Jackson in Senate, 42;
Letters to Mr. Buchanan, 130, 131, 132.

ELDON, LORD, Reference to letters of, i., 533.

ELECTIONS, Interference of Federal officers with, i., 378;
Result of, in 1856, ii., 177;
Author’s comments upon, 177.

ELIZABETH, EMPRESS of Russia, Reference to, i., 204.

ELLMAKER, AMOS, Letter of, i., 19;
Candidate for election to the Senate in 1834, 231.

ELLSWORTH, MR., Action in regard to impeachment of Judge Peck, i.,
108.

EMINENT MEN in Congress, notices by Mr. Buchanan, i., 25-30.

ENGLAND, Threatened war with, i., 553;
Relation of the United States towards, ii., 212;
Her protectorate over the Mosquito coast, 212.

ESTCOURT, COLONEL BUCKNALL, British Commissioner to United States,
i., 604.

ESTERHAZY, PRINCE, Dines at Prince Lieven’s, i., 224;
Dines at Lord Palmerston’s, 225.

ETIQUETTE, A question of court, met by Mr. Buchanan, ii., 105 et
seq.

EVERETT, EDWARD, Supports administration of John Q. Adams, i.,
58;
Peroration of, 63, note;
Action on impeachment of Judge Peck, 108;
Reference to, ii., 81;
Letter to Mr. Buchanan, 184.

EWING, THOMAS, Senator from Ohio, i., 232;
Reference to, ii., 9.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, Removal by President, i., 281;
President Jackson attacked for, 281.

EXPUNGING RESOLUTION of Mr. Benton, i., 291.

FAIRFIELD, JOHN, Reference to, i., 519.

FARRAGUT, ADMIRAL, Victories of, ii., 626.

FEDERAL EXECUTIVE, Power of, i., 405.

FEDERAL OFFICERS, Interference of, i., 379, 398.

FEDERALISM in 1820, i., 23.

FEDERALISTS, Opposition to the War of 1812, i., 8;
A political sermon, 8, note.

FERDINAND, KING of Spain, Reported death contradicted, i.,
149.

FIGLEMONT, COUNT, Austrian Ambassador at Russian Court, i.,
143.

FILLMORE, MILLARD, Accession to Presidency, ii., 10, 35, 45, 81.

FLORIDA, Secession of, ii., 427.

FLOYD, JOHN B., Secretary of War, ii., 193;
Resignation of, 406, 409 et seq.;
Supposed distribution of arms by, 411, 416.

FORCE BILL, Introduction of, into the Senate, i., 183.

FOREIGN RELATIONS during Mr. Buchanan’s administration, ii., 211,
227.

FORSYTH, JOHN, Minister to Mexico in 1856, quoted, ii., 215.

FORTIFICATION BILL, Amendment of, i., 240;
Opposed by Mr. Webster and Mr. Clay, 240;
Vindication by Mr. Buchanan, 241;
Fails to become a law, 242.

FOULKE, JOSEPH, Member of Society of Friends, ii., 181.

FRANCE, Conduct of, i., 234 et seq.;
How viewed by Mr. Buchanan, 236;
Danger of war with, 237;
Recommendation by President of partial non-intercourse with,
237;
Mr. Buchanan’s opinion of this measure, 238 et seq.;
Mediation of Great Britain, 280.

FRANKING PRIVILEGE, ii., 610.

FRANKLIN, WALTER, Judge, impeached, and defended by Mr. Buchanan,
i., 16.

FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE, Senator from New Jersey, i., 232.

FREMONT, GENERAL, Candidate for Presidency, ii., 177.

FRIENDS, RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF, Memorial of reception in Senate, i.,
319;
Mr. Buchanan’s views concerning, 320 et seq.

“GALAXY”, Knot of young men from South Carolina, i., 26.

GALITZIN, PRINCE, Dinner given by, i., 211.

GALLATIN, ALBERT, Eligibility to Senate, i., 304;
Reference to, by Mr. Letcher in 1825, 508.

GALLIARD, JOHN, Senator from Louisiana, i., 25.

GEARY, Governor of Kansas, Resignation of, ii., 198.

GEORGE IV., King of England, i., 217, note;
Friendship for Prince Esterhazy, i., 225.

GEORGIA, Secession of, ii., 427.

GERMAINS, LORD ST., Guest at White House, ii. 238.

GEVERS, MR., Accompanies Mr. Buchanan as far as Cronstadt, i.,
217.

GLADSTONE, HON. WM., Chancellor of Exchequer, ii., 104.

GORHAM, BENJAMIN, Enters House of Representatives with Mr.
Buchanan, i., 25;
Opposes the new tariff, 36.

GOVERNMENT, CONFEDERATE, Commissioners sent from, 485, 490.

GOVERNMENT, Federal and State, i., 401;
Attitude left in by Mr. Buchanan, ii., 501, 506.

GRAHAM, SIR JAMES, First Lord of the Admiralty, ii., 105.

GRAHAM, WM. A., Secretary of Navy, ii., 11.

GRANT, GENERAL, Rising reputation of, ii., 626.

GRANVILLE, EARL, President of Council, ii., 104.

GREELEY, HORACE, Action on secession, ii., 427 et seq.;
Opposition to coercion, 428.

GREEN, DUFF, References to, i., 55;
Visits President elect, Mr. Lincoln, ii., 426;
Letter of, 426.

GRETSCH, MR., Editor of the _Bee_, at St. Petersburg, i., 198;
Visits the cathedral with Mr. Buchanan, 199.

GRIER, MR. JUSTICE, Successor of Mr. Justice Baldwin, i., 563,
note.

GRIMES, MR., of Iowa, ii., 514.

GROW, MR., of Pennsylvania, ii., 491.

GRUNDY, FELIX, Senator from Tennessee, Reference to, as, i.,
96;
Reference to remarks of, 346.

GUADALUPE-HIDALGO, Treaty of, signed i., 601.

GUIZOT, M., Present at death-bed of Princess Lieven, i., 218, note;
Reference to, 568.

HALE, JOHN P., Senator from New Hampshire, ii., 361.

HALL, NATHAN K., Postmaster General, ii., 11.

HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, Reference to, i., 225.

HARRIS, MR., American chargé d’affaires in Paris, i., 219.

HASTINGS, WARREN, Impeachment of, i., 302.

HAYNE, J. W., Visits the President, ii., 452, 487.

HAYNE, ROBERT G., Senator from South Carolina, i., 58;
Debate with Mr. Webster on nullification, i., 183;
Reference to, ii., 161.

HENRY, J. BUCHANAN, Domestic circle of Mr. Buchanan described by,
i., 534;
Reference to, ii., 161;
Account of inauguration by, 187;
Account of incidents of administration, 235;
On Mr. Buchanan’s character, 671 et seq.

HENSEL, W. U., Account of ex-President Buchanan’s journey from
Washington to Wheatland, ii., 507 et seq.

HERALD, The New York, President Buchanan’s appeal to editor of,
ii., 431.

HERBERT, SIDNEY, Secretary of War, ii., 104.

HEYTESBURY, LORD, English ambassador at Russian court, i.,
143.

HICKMAN, MR., of Pennsylvania, ii., 491.

HOLLAND, LADY, Reference to, i., 218;
ii., 161.

HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, Reference to, ii., 151;
Letter to Mr. Buchanan, 231;
Guest at White House, 238;
Letter to Mr. Buchanan, 592.