Chapter XIII: The English in Maryland, 1632-1691 (5)

_Recueil van de Tractaten_, 415.

Redemptioners, 545.

Reed, John, _Map of Philadelphia_, 491, 509.

Reed, W. B., 516.

Reformation in England, 222.

Regicides in Connecticut, 374.
_See_ Goffe and Whalley.

Reichel, W. C., 515.

“Resolution”, ship, 93.

Revell, Thomas, 451.

Reynel’s chart, 12.

Rhode Island, History of, 335;
doctrine of soul-liberty, 336, 337;
Massachusetts seeks to govern, 337;
excluded from the New England Confederacy, 338;
Royal Commissioners in, 339;
education in, 339;
origin of name, 376;
sources of her history, 376;
_Gazetteer_, 376;
histories of, 376;
_Records_, 377;
charter got by Williams, 337, 379;
charter from Charles II., 338, 379;
Laws, 337, 379;
excludes Roman Catholics as freemen, 379;
excludes Jews as freemen, 379;
bibliography of, 380.
_See_ Williams, Roger.

Rhode Island Historical Society, _Proceedings_, 381;
_Discourses_, 377.

_Rhode Island Historical Tracts_, 377.

_Rhode Island Republican_, 376.

Rhumbs, 208.

Ribault, _Terra Florida_, 33, 200.

Ribero’s map (1529), 16, 24.

Rice, John Holt, 168, 211.

Rich, Obadiah, _Catalogues_, passim.

Rich, R., _Newes from Virginia_, 81, 155.

Rich, Robert, Lord, 370.

Richardson, Amos, autog., 338.

Richardson, W., _Granger’s Portraits_, 163.

_Richmond Dispatch_, 162.

Richmond, Duchess of, portrait, 211.

Richmond Island, 190, 322.

Rider, S. S., 377.

Ridgeley, David, _Annals of Annapolis_, 561.

Ridpath, _History of the United States_, 153.

Rigby, Alexander, 323, 324.

Rigby, Edward, 324.

Rigg, Ambrose, 435.

Riker, _History of Harlem_, 417.

Rio de la Hacha, 63.

Roanoke, Voyage to, 105;
Island, 110, 111, 123;
bird’s-eye view of, 124;
colony, survivors, 129.
_See_ Virginia.

Robbins, Chandler, _The Regicides_, 374.

Roberts, Thomas, 327.

Robertson, William, 162.

Robertson, Wyndham, _Descendants of Pocahontas_, 162.

Robinson, Conway, 154;
_Discoveries in the West_, 43, 167, 168;
contributions to Virginia history, 158, 159.

Robinson, Edward, _Memoir of William Robinson_, 286.

Robinson, Rev. John, of Duxbury, 286.

Robinson, John, of Leyden, 231;
autog., 259;
farewell address, 259, 285;
in Amsterdam, 261;
in Leyden, 262, 286;
his house, 262, 288;
his burial-place, 263;
death of, 277, 288;
his relation to the Pilgrims, 285;
life by Kist, 286;
by Ashton, 286;
his family, 286;
H. M. Dexter on, 285;
his influence, 288;
attempts to remove schisms among the Brownists, 288.
_See_ Pilgrims.

Robinson, John, of Maryland, 529.

Robinson, Patrick, 488, 494.

Robinson, William, autog., 314;
hanged, 505.

Rochefort, César de, _Description des Antilles_, 496;
_Recit_, etc., 496.

Rocroft, Captain, 182, 194.

Roe, Sir Thomas, 297.

Rogers, Horatio, Libraries of Providence, 381.

Roggeveen, Arent, chart of New York coast, 419;
_Brandende Veen_, 382, 419;
_Burning Fen_, 383, 419.

Rolfe, John, 135;
begins tobacco culture, 139;
marries Pocahontas, 139;
secretary, 141;
_Relation of Virginia_, 157.

Roman Catholics excluded from being freemen in Rhode Island, 379;
in Maryland, 560.

“Rose”, frigate, 321.

Roselli, mappemonde, 217.

Rosier, James, _True Relation_, 81, 191.

Rosignol, Port, 306.

Ross, A. A., _Discourse on History of Rhode Island_, 376.

Rotz, John, _Idrography_, 195.

Rough, John, 239.

Rous, John, autog., 314.

Rowlandson, Mrs., her captivity, 361.

Royal Commissioners, 388;
in Boston, 318, 389.

Royall, W. L., on Virginia colonial money, 166.

Rudyard, George, autog., 484.

Rudyard, Thomas, 435, 436.

Ruggles, George, 159.

Rundall, Thomas, _Narratives of Voyages_, etc., 98.

Ruscelli, 25.

Russell, Dr. Walter, 131.

Russell, W. S., _Guide to Plymouth_, 292;
_Pilgrim Memorials_, 292.

Rut, John, 170, 185, 186.

Rutherford, Samuel, _Due Rights_, etc., 288.

Rutters, 207.

Ruysch’s Ptolemy map (1508), 9, 217;
fac-simile, 9.

Ryebread, Thomas, 457.

Ryttenhouse, William, 493.

Sabin, Joseph, _American Bibliopolist_, passim;
_Dictionary of Books relating to America_, passim;
_Menzies’ Catalogue_, passim.

Sabino, peninsula, 177, 190, 210.

Sable Island, 216.

Sablons, Cape, 195.

Saco River settlement, 190, 321, 322, 323.

Sadlier Correspondence, 378.

Sagadahock River, 190, 191;
settlement on, 177.

Saguenay River, 101, 213, 383.

Sainsbury, Noël, _Calendar of State Papers_, 159;
and the English records, 343.

Saint. _See_ St.

Salado River, 77, 197.

Salem (Massachusetts), 311;
history of, 363.

Salem (New Jersey), 431, 455.

Salterne, Robert, 175.

Samoset, 184, 273, 290.

“Samson”, ship, 170, 183, 185, 186.

San Domingo, 82.
_See_ Hispaniola.

San Francisco, 74;
is it Drake’s Bay? 78;
derived from Drake’s name, 84.

San Juan d’Ulua, 63.

San Lorenzo, bay, 80.

San Miguel, 79, 213.

San. _See_ St., Santa.

Sanderson, William, 212, 216.

Sanderson’s tower, 90, 91.

Sandford, William, 436.

Sandys, Sir Edwin, 142, 265, 297, 298;
_State of Religion_, 259;
arrested, 299.

Sandys, George, 145, 146.

Sandys, Sir Samuel, 259.

Sanson, Nicholas, map of New England, 382;
extract from his map of Canada, 456.

Santa Barbara, 77.

Santa Cruz, 213.

Santa Maria, Cape, 197.

Santa. _See_ San, St.

Santarem’s _Atlas_, 9, 217;
_Essai_, 217.

Santiago, 197.

Sanuto Livio, _Geographica distincta_, 41.

Saquish, 272.

“Sarah”, ship, 139.

Sargeant, Thomas, _Land Laws of Pennsylvania_, 512.

Sasanoa River, 193.

Savage, James, _Genealogical Dictionary of New England_, 289;
New England antiquary, 351;
endorsement on Lechford’s book, 353;
memoir by G. S. Hillard, 353;
edits _Winthrop’s Journal_, 357;
on the Wheelwright deed, 366;
on Pilgrim history, 283.

Savage, Thomas, in Virginia, 131.

Savage Rock, 172, 173.

Savile, Henry, _Libell of Spanish Lies_, 82.

Say, Lord, 326, 331, 370;
patent to, 369.

Saybrook, 322;
platform, 334.

Schanck, George C., 463.

Scharf, J. T., _Chronicles of Baltimore_, 561;
_History of Maryland_, 561.

Schele de Vere, _Romance of American History_, 162.

Schenectady, 396.

Schenk and Valch, map of New York, 417.

Scrivener, Matthew, 130.

Schomburgk, R. H., edits Ralegh’s _Voyage_, 122.

Schondia, 18, 101.

Schoner or Schöner, John, globe (1520), 214, 217;
his _Terræ descriptio_, 214.

Scrooby, in Nottinghamshire, 258;
site of its manor-house, 258;
map of vicinity, 259;
visits to, 284, 285;
described, 285.
_See_ Pilgrims.

Scot, George, _Model of the Government of East New Jersey_, 438, 450,
454.

Scott, Benjamin, on the Pilgrims, 288.

Scull, G. D., _Memoir of Captain Evelyn_, 459;
_The Evelyns in America_, 459, 562.

Sea-manuals, 206.

“Sea Venture”, ship, 134.

Selden, John, 299.

Seeskabinet, 8.

Seidensticker, Oswald, 501;
_Penn in Holland_, 507.

Seller, John, _Description of New England_, 384;
maps of New England, 384.

Sellman, Edward, account of Frobisher’s voyage, 102.

Separatists, 219, 223.
_See_ Dissenters, Nonconformists.

Settle, Dionysius, account of Frobisher’s voyage, 102, 203.

Seven Cities, 53.

Sewall, R. K., _Ancient Dominion of Maine_, 185;
on Popham’s town, 210.

Sewel, William, _History of the Quakers_, 359, 503, 504.

Seymour, Richard, 176.

Shackamaxon Conference, 490.

Shakespeare’s “new map”, 217.

Shannon, _Manual of the City of New York_, 414, 415.

Sharswood, George, _Common Law of Pennsylvania_, 512.

Shawmut, 311.
_See_ Boston.

Shawomet, 336.

Shea, J. G., edits Millet’s _Relation_, 415;
edits Jogues’ _Novum Belgium_, 416;
edits Miller’s _Description of New York_, 420;
edits Alsop’s _Maryland_, 555.

Sheepscott River, 190;
town, 365.

Sheffield, Lord, autog., 275.

Shepard, Thomas, _Clear Sunshine_, 355;
_Autobiography_, 355;
fac-simile of writing, 355.

Sheppard, J. H., 361.

Sherry, W. M., 533.

Ship of the Seventeenth Century, 347.

Shoals, isles of, 327.

Shrewsbury (New Jersey), 424, 427.

Shrigley, Nathaniel, _True Relation_, 157.

Shurt, Abraham, autog., 321.

Shurtleff, N. B., on the “Mayflower” passengers, 292;
edits _Plymouth Records_, 293;
edits _Massachusetts Records_, 343;
death of, 362;
his library, 362;
_Description of Boston_, 362.

Sibley, J. L., _Graduates of Harvard University_, 256, 415.

Sidney, Henry, 483.

Sidney, Sir Philip, 86.

Silk-worms in Virginia, 158.

Silva, Mina da, 79.

Sir Thomas Roe’s Welcome, 95.

Skeats, H. S., _Free Churches_, 251.

Skeyne, John, 442.

Slack, Dr. James, 500.

Slaughter, _History of St. Mark’s, Culpepper_, etc., 160.

Slave-trade begun by Hawkins, 60;
how conducted, 62, 63;
first public protest against, 491.

Slavery in Virginia, 143, 166;
in Pennsylvania, 515;
in Maryland, 545.

Sloane manuscripts, 557.

Sluyter, Peter, _Journal_, 420.

Smith, Buckingham, 214;
his _Inquiry_, 214.

Smith, B. H., 515.

Smith, C. C., “Explorations to the Northwest”, 85.

Smith, Charles, edits laws of Pennsylvania, 512.

Smith, Charles W., _Wrightstown_, 510.

Smith, George, _Delaware County_, 509.

Smith, Rev. Henry, 330.

Smith, Captain John, 128;
at Jamestown, 129;
explores the Chesapeake, 131, 132;
his map of Virginia, 132, 167;
elected president at Jamestown, 132;
his services, 135;
his _True Relation_, or _Newes from Virginia_, 153;
his _Oxford Tract_, 156;
_Map of Virginia_, 156, 211;
account in Fuller’s _Worthies_, 161;
credibility of the story of his rescue by Pocahontas, 161;
on the New England coast, 179;
his _Description of New England_, 179, 181, 194, 211;
his _Map of New England_, 180, 197, 212, 341, 381;
heliotype of, 198;
used by Sanson, 456;
captured by the French, 181;
admiral for life, 182;
_Generall Historie_, 194, 211;
variety in copies, 163, 211;
his portrait, 198, 211;
autog., 211;
his letter to Bacon, 211;
_New England’s Trials_, 211, 290;
life, by George S. Hillard, 211;
by W. G. Simms, 212;
by C. D. Warner, 162, 212;
_True Travels_, 211;
_Advertisements for Planters_, 147, 212;
his character for truth, 212;
tomb, 212.
_See_ New England, Virginia.

Smith, John Jay, 454;
_Memoir of the Penn Family_, 507.

Smith, Joseph, _Friends’ Books_, 359, 504;
_Anti-Quakeriana_, 359, 504.

Smith, Lloyd P., 516.

Smith, Margaret, autog., 314.

Smith, Ralph, 280.

Smith, Roger, 146.

Smith, Samuel, _History of New Jersey_, 453, 507;
his manuscripts, 507;
_History of the Quakers in Pennsylvania_, 507.

Smith, Sir Thomas, 113;
portrait, 94;
treasurer of the Virginia Company, 127.

Smith, Thomas, in Maryland, 529.

Smith, William, 412;
_History of New York_, 411, 412;
criticised, 412.

Smith, William, Jr., 453.

Smith and Watson, _American Historical and Literary Curiosities_, 484.

Smith’s Islands, 131.

Smucker, S. W., 371.

Smyth, John, the “Se-Baptist”, 227;
autog., 257;
in Amsterdam, 261.

Snow, C. H., _History of Boston_, 362.

Somerby, H. G., 208, 364.

Somers, Sir George, 133, 137.

Somers, Matthew, 137.

Somers, Sir Thomas, 136.

Somersetshire (Maine), 191.

Sonmans, Arent, 435.

Soule, George, 284;
autog., 268;
in Duxbury, 273.

Soulé and others, _Annals of San Francisco_, 78.

South America, earlier known than North, 85.

South Sea, 88.
_See_ Pacific.

_Southern Literary Messenger_, 164, 168.

Southey, Robert, _Life of Ralegh_, 122.

Sowle, Andrew, autog., 484.

Spain seizes Hawkins’s ships, 60.

Spaniards on the Chesapeake, 167.

Spanish Main ravaged by Drake, 65, 73.

Sparks, Jared, his library, 211.

Speed, John, _Prospect_, 384;
map of New England, 384;
_Theatre of Great Britain_, 467.

“Speedwell”, ship, 173, 267.

Spelman, Henry, 135;
rescued, 137;
his _Relation_, 155.

Spelman, Sir Henry, 299.

Spicer, Jacob, 454.

Spooner, Z. H., _Poems of the Pilgrims_, 294.

Springett, Harbt, autog., 484.

Springett, Sir William, 480.

Springfield (Massachusetts), settled, 330.

Squamscott patent, 367.

Squanto, 182, 194, 274.

“Squirrel”, ship, 187.

St. Anthoine Bay and River, 195.

St. Augustine, 80.

St. Brandon, 42.

St. Brandon Island, 101.

St. Christopher, Cape, 195;
Bay, 197.

St. Christoval, 213.

St. Clement’s Island, 525.

St. Inigoe’s manor, 558.

St. Jacques, 82.

St. James Island, 77.

St. Joan Cape, 197.

St. John, _Life of Ralegh_, 122.

St. John River (New Brunswick), 186.

St. John, 213.

St. John Baptiste Bay, 195, 197.

St. Lawrence Gulf, 101, 213;
explored by Cabot, 55;
River, 213.

St. Mary’s River, 526;
Town, 526;
ruins of, 558.

St. Nicholas, 213.

St. Thomas, island, 79.

St. See San, Santa.

Stacy, Mahlon, 441.

Stacy, Robert, 441.

Stadin River, 213.

Standish, Alexander, autog., 273.

Standish, Miles, at Leyden, 263;
autog., 268;
at Cape Cod, 271;
at Duxbury, 273;
his swords, 274, 278;
origin of, 284;
his will, 284;
monument to his memory, 284;
his faith, 284;
his books, 284;
his descendants, 284;
alleged portrait, 293;
Longfellow’s _Courtship of_, 294;
Lowell’s _Interview_, 294;
sent to England, 308.

Stanley, A. P., _Christian Institutions_, 254.

Stanwood, J. R., 416.

Staples, W. R., _Annals of Providence_, 377;
edits _Rhode Island Laws_, 379;
edits Gorton’s _Simplicitie’s Defence_, 378.

“Star”, ship, 138.

State-Paper Office, 343.

Steel, John, autog., 374.

Steele, Ashbel, _Elder Brewster; or, Chief of the Pilgrims_, 285, 287.

Steg, Robert, 148.

Stephenson, _Call from Death to Life_, 358.

Stevens, Henry, rescues White’s drawings, 123;
_Historical and Geographical Notes_, 8, 167, 218;
_Bibliotheca Geographica_, 9;
_Mondidier Catalogue_, 348;
_Index to New Jersey Documents_, 455;
_Index to Maryland Documents_, 557;
_Historical Collections_, passim.

Stevens, J. A., “The English in New York”, 385.

Stevenson, Marmaduke, 505.

Stevin, Simon, _De Haven-vinding_, 208.

Stiles, Ezra, _History of the Judges_, 374.

Stiles, H. R., _Ancient Windsor_, 375.

Stillman, _Seeking the Golden Fleece_, 78.

Stirling, Earl of, grant to, 310, 388.

Stith, William, _History of Virginia_, 165.

Stobnicza’s map, 10, 13;
his _Introductio in Ptholomei Cosmographiam_, 10.

Stockbridge, Henry, 556.

Stone, Frederick D., “The Founding of Pennsylvania”, 469.

Stone, Samuel, 330.

Stone, William, 533;
autog., 534.

Stone, W. L., _Uncas and Miantonomo_, 368.

Stonyhurst manuscripts, 530.

Stoughton, Israel, autog., 348.

Stoughton, J., _Church and State_, 252.

Stoughton, John, _William Penn_, 507.

Stoughton, William, autog., 356.

Stow’s _Chronicle or Annals_, 37.

Stowe, _Survey of London_, 211.

Strachey, William, 156;
in Virginia, 137;
autog., 156;
his _Lawes Divine_, 137, 156;
_Historie of Travaile_, 156, 191, 192;
_Map of Virginia_, 167.

_Strange News from Virginia_, 164.

Stratford (Connecticut), 333.

Stratton, John, 322.

Strawberry Bank, 327-329.
_See_ Portsmouth (N. H.).

Streeter, Sebastian F., 457, 543, 556, 562;
_Early History of Maryland_, 556;
his manuscripts, 556;
_Maryland Two Hundred Years Ago_, 560;
his manuscript history of Clayborne, 562;
_First Commander of Kent Island_, 562;
_Fall of the Susquehannocks_, 562.

Strong, Leonard, _Babylon’s Fall_, 555.

Strong, Richard, 172.

Strype, John, his _Works_, 248.

Studley, Daniel, 220.

Studley, Thomas, 128.

Stuyvesant, Peter, 389, 390.

Sullivan, James, _Land Titles in Massachusetts_, 341;
_History of Maine_, 364.

Sumner, George, on the Pilgrims in Leyden, 286.

“Sunshine”, ship, 89.

“Susan Constant”, ship, 128.

Susquehanna Indians, 131, 515, 562;
lands, 490.

Sutherland, Lord, 514.

Sutliffe, Dean of Exeter, 198.

“Swallow”, ship, 60, 134, 194.

“Swan”, ship, 65.

Swarthmore Hall, 470.

Swedes on the Delaware, 480, 481, 548;
their churches, 493.

Symmes, Benjamin, 147.

Symondes, William, sermon on Virginia, 155.

Symson, Cuthbert, 239.

Synods in New England, 354.

Syon, County Palatine, 457.

Tadenac, Lake, 216.

Taisnierus, Joannes, on navigation, 35, 207.

Talbot, Sir William, 157.

Tanner, Robert, _Mirror for Mathematiques_, 207.

Tarbox, I. N., on Pilgrim history, 288.

Tatham, John, 451.

Taylor, Christopher, autog., 484.

Tazewell, L. W., 153.

Telner, Jacob, 490.

Terra Mariæ, 520.
_See_ Maryland.

Thacher, Dr., _American Medical Biography_, 315;
manuscript on the Winslows, 277;
_History of the Town of Plymouth_, 291.

Thevet, André, 32;
_New found Worlde_ (English translation), 200;
_Cosmographie_, 184.

Thomas, Gabriel, _Description of West New Jersey_, 451;
map of Pennsylvania, 501;
_Some Account_, etc., 501.

Thomas, Isaiah, _History of Printing_, 351.

Thomas, John, 514.

Thomas, William, 266.

Thomason, George, his collection of tracts, 245.

Thompson, Mrs. A. T., _Life of Ralegh_, 121.

Thompson, David, 326, 328;
in New Hampshire, 366.

Thompson’s Island, 311.

Thompson, _Long Island_, 349.

Thomson, C. W., 508.

Thorne, Robert, his map in fac-simile, 17;
described, 18.

Thornton, John, _Atlas Maritimus_, 384.

Thornton, J. Wingate, _First Records of Anglo-American Colonization_,
158;
on the Gosnold expedition, 188;
on the Popham question, 210;
and the Bradford manuscript, 286;
_Ancient Pemaquid_, 365.

Thorpe, George, 144, 145.

Thurloe, _State Papers_, 555.

Thurston, Thomas, 473.

Tienot, Cape, 213.

Tierra del Fuego, 66.

Tigna River, 67.

Tignes, 79.

Tilley, Edward, 284.

Tinker, Thomas, 284.

Tobacco, 69, 166;
in Florida, 60;
in Virginia, 113, 139, 141, 146, 147, 149, 150;
as currency, 143, 166;
production of, 144;
in Maryland, 543, 544, 558.

Tobàh, 69.

Tockwogh River, 131.

Tontoneac River, 67.

Torres, _Relacion_, 82.

Town system of New England, 363.

Townley, Richard, 443.

Townsend, Richard, 493.

Trask, Mary, autog., 314.

Trask, W. B., 361.

“Treasurer”, ship, 139, 193.

Triple Alliance, 395, 396.

Trinidad, 117;
Ralegh’s map, 124.

Trinity Harbor, 213.

Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, 499.

Tross globe (gores), 214.

Trowbridge, J. R., Jr., on New Haven’s maritime interests, 375.

Trumbull, Rev. Benjamin, _History of Connecticut_, 374.

Trumbull, Governor Jonathan, his papers, 374.

Trumbull, J. H., edits _Brinley Catalogue_, passim;
edits Lechford, 351;
on the Indian languages, 355;
on Indian names in Connecticut, 368;
on the Constitutions of Connecticut, 369;
_True Blue Laws_, etc., 372;
edits _Connecticut Records_, 375;
edits Williams’s _Key_, 377.

Trusler, John, 457.

Tucker, 322.

Tucker, Daniel, 132.

Tucker, St. George, _Hansford_, 164.

Tuckerman, Edward, edits Josselyn’s _New England Rarities_, 360.

Tulloch, John, _Leaders of the Reformation_, 252;
_English Puritanism_, 252.

Turner, H. E., on Coddington, 377;
_Settlers of Aquedneck_, 377.

Turner, Robert, 435, 441, 477.

Tuttle, C. W., 153, 210;
on John Mason, 364;
on Champernoun, 366;
on the Wheelwright deed, 366;
on New Hampshire history, 367.

Twine, John, 143.

Tyler, M. C., _History of American Literature_, 154, 165.

Tyson, Job R., 508;
_Colonial History_, etc., 505.

Tytler, P. F., _Life of Ralegh_, 122;
_Historical View_, 43.

Uhden, _Geschichte des Congregationalisten_, 384.

Ulpius globe, 214.

Uncas, 368;
his pedigree, 368;
and Miantinomo, 368.

Underhill, Captain John, 327, 349;
_Newes from America_, 348.

Upham, _Ratio disciplinæ_, 359.

Upland, 480, 481, 483.

Upsall, Nicholas, autog., 314.

Utie, Colonel, 548.

Vadianus’ map, 217.

Valentine, David, _History of New York City_, 417;
_Manual of the City of New York_, 414, 415.

Van der Aa’s _Voyages_, 79, 188.

Van Heuvel, _El Dorado_, 126.

Van Keulen, charts, 419.

Van Loon’s _Pascærte_, 382;
_Zee-Atlas_, 382.

Van Meteren, 82.

Varina Neck, 138.

Varkens Kil, 459.

Varlo, Charles, 467;
_The Finest Part of America_, 467;
_Nature Displayed_, 468;
_Floating Ideas_, 468.

Vaughan, R., _English Nonconformity_, 252.

Vaughan, Sir William, 519.

Vaux, Roberts, on Penn’s treaty, 513.

Vaux, W. S. W., 79.

Veech, James, 515.

Venegas’ _California_, 75.

Venetian calendars, 51.

Verrazano, 185, 376;
his sea, 183, 218;
influence on Gosnold, 172;
his map, 194.

Vetromile, _History of the Abnakis_, 184.

Vincent, C., _Vie de Penn_, 506.

Vincent, Philip, 348;
_Late Battell_, 348.

Vines, Richard, 182, 303, 322, 323.

Vinton, J. A., on the Wheelwright deed, 366;
_Giles Memorial_, 365.

Virginia, 127;
(1580), 42;
_True Declaration_, etc., 81;
_Declaration of the State of the Colony_, 81;
_Good Speed to_, 81;
_New Life of_, 81;
named by Elizabeth, 110, 153;
map of, by White, 124;
map of “Ould Virginia”, 124;
earliest map, 124;
De Laet’s map (1630), 125;
Farrer map, 464, 465;
other maps, 167;
charter of 1609, 133;
first legislature, 143;
constitution (1621), 145;
massacre (1622), 145, 163;
massacre (1644), 147;
under the Commonwealth, 148;
Bacon’s Rebellion, 151;
“convict” emigrants, 152, 160;
Indian names in, 153;
the early patents, 153;
authorities on the history of, 153;
_Laws Divine_, 156;
bounds of, 159;
_Colonial Records_, 159;
lists of arrivals, 160;
destruction of archives, 160;
families, 160;
county and parish records preserved, 161;
_Calendar of State Papers_, 161;
histories of, 164, 165;
boundary disputes, 167;
_in America Richly Valued_, 168;
disputes with Maryland, 554;
Northern Colony of, 295, 342;
Southern Colony of, 295.
_See_ Jamestown, Roanoke, Smith.

“Virginia”, pinnace, 177.

Virginia Company, 143;
seal, 140, 143;
charter annulled, 146;
records, 158;
silk-worm culture, 158.

_Virginia Evangelical and Literary Magazine_, 164.

_Virginia Historical Reporter_, 160, 162, 168.

Virginia Historical Society, 168.

“Virginia Merchant”, ship, 148.

_Virginia’s Cure_, 157.

Viscaino’s map, 75.

Visscher, map of New England, 382;
_Atlas Minor_, 417;
map of New York, 418.

Vitellus, 104.

Vullieum, L., _William Penn_, 506.

Waddington, John, _Track of the Hidden Church_, 285, 288;
_Congregational History_, 285, 288.

Wade, Robert, 494.

Wagenaer, Luke, 207.

Walckenaer’s _Catalogue_, 8.

Waldo, Richard, 132.

Waldo Patent, 191.

Walford, Thomas, autog., 311.

Waldron, Resolved, 466, 549.

Waldseemüller map (1507-13), 14.

Walker, John, 187;
in Norumbega, 171.

Wallace, J. W., 514, 516;
on William Bradford, 515.

Walsingham, Sir Francis, 86.

Walter, Nehemiah, autog., 319.

Waterhouse, Edward, his _Declaration_, 163.

Wampanoags, 274.

Wamsutta, 282.

Ward, Edward, _Trip to New England_, 373.

Ward, Nathaniel, autog., 350;
_Body of Liberties_, 350;
_Simple Cobler_, 350.

Ward, Townsend, 492, 509.

Ware, William, _Memoir of Nathaniel Bacon_, 164.

Warham, Rev. John, 330.

Warne, Thomas, 435.

Warner, Charles D., _Study of John Smith_, 162.

Warner, C. L., 516.

Warner, Edmond, autog., 430.

Warren, Henry, 365.

Warrosquoyoke, 147.

Warwick, Earl of, 86, 308, 309, 342, 354, 369;
autog., 275;
grants to, 370;
and the Council for New England, 370.

Warwick (Rhode Island), 337.

“Warwick”, ship, 327, 363.

Warwick’s foreland, 90, 91.

Washburn, Emory, _Judicial History of Massachusetts_, 363.

Washburn, John D., 75.

Watson, J. F., _Annals of Philadelphia_, 509;
on Penn’s treaty, 513;
_Olden Times in New York_, 416.

Watson, Thomas, 154.

Wattes, John, 114.

Waugh, Dorothy, autog., 314.

Waymouth, Captain George, 91, 174, 189;
autog., 91;
authorities, 189.

Webb, Maria, _The Penns and Peningtons_, 507.

Webster, Daniel, on the Pilgrims, 293.

Webster, Noah, edits _Winthrop’s Journal_, 357.

Weehawken, 422.

Weems’s _Life of Penn_, 509.

Weir, R. W., picture of the Pilgrims at Delfthaven, 293.

Weiss, L. H., 502.

“Welcome”, ship, 482.

Welde, Thomas, _Short Story_, etc., 349, 351;
_Bay Psalm Book_, 350.

Welles, Thomas, autog., 374.

Wells (Maine), 324.

Welsh Barony (Pennsylvania), 482.

Welsh in Pennsylvania, 482, 515.

Wenman, Sir Ferdinand, 136.

Wessagusset, 304.

West, Benjamin, picture of Penn’s Treaty, 513.

West, Francis, 132, 134, 143, 146;
admiral of New England, 303.

West India Company, 385, 389, 422.

West Jersey, 432;
concessions, etc., 432;
local government, 440;
_Records_, 452;
Quakers in, 473;
Penn’s interest in, 476;
map of, 501.
_See_ New Jersey.

West, John, 147;
autog., 164.

West, Robert, 435.

West, Thomas, Lord De la Warre, 133.
_See_ De la Warre.

Westcott, _History of Philadelphia_, 502.

Westcott, Thompson, 509.

Westland, Nathaniel, 451.

Westminster, Treaty of, 398.

Weston, P. C. J., _Documents of South Carolina_, 186, 558.

Weston, Thomas, 266, 267, 304;
settles at Weymouth, 278, 311.

Westover manuscripts, 159.

Wethersfield (Connecticut), 330.

Weymouth (Massachusetts), 278, 311.

Wharton, Thomas I., 515.

Whiddon, Jacob, 116.

Wheeler, _History of North Carolina_, 124.

Wheeler, G. A., _History of Brunswick_, 365;
_History of Castine_, 365.

Wheelwright, John, memoir of, 366;
at Exeter, 329;
deed of New Hampshire, controversy over, 366, 368.

Whitaker, Alexander, 137, 138, 141;
_Good Newes from Virginia_, 81, 157.

White, Father Andrew, 554;
_Relatio itineris_, 553, 554.

White, Christopher, 441.

White, D. A., _New England Congregationalism_, 255.

White, Henry, on New Haven Colony, 375.

White, John (governor), views in Virginia, 113;
governor, 113;
his drawings engraved by De Bry, 123, 164;
his map of Virginia, 124, 183.

White, Rev. John, 311.

White, John, of Dorchester, _Planter’s Plea_, 346.

White, John, of Pennsylvania, 488.

White, Peregrine, autog., 268;
his chest, 278.

White, Resolved, autog., 268.

Whitehead, George, 442.

Whitehead, W. A., “The English in East and West Jersey”, 421;
_East Jersey under the Proprietary Government_, 454;
_Documents relating to New Jersey_, 454;
_Index to Colonial Documents_, 455;
_History of Perth Amboy_, 455.

Whitfield, Rev. Henry, 355;
_The Light Appearing_, 335;
_Strength out of Weakness_, 355.

Whiting, John, _Truth and Innocency Defended_, 359.

Whiting, John, _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, 504.

Whitmore, William H., _American Genealogist_, 292;
_Peter Pelham_, 345;
edits _Andros Tracts_, 362;
his chapter on Andros in the _Memorial History of Boston_, 362.

Whitson Bay, 174.

Whittier, J. G., _Pennsylvania Pilgrim_, 491.

Wickham, Rev. William, 141, 143.

Wiggin, Thomas, 326.

Wigglesworth, Michael, autog., 319.

Wilberforce, Samuel, _Episcopal Church in America_, 286.

Wilcox, Thomas, 435.

Wilkinson, William, 128.

Willard, Samuel, autog., 319.

Willes, Richard, 35;
edits Eden’s Peter Martyr as _History of Travayle_, 204.

Willett, Thomas, autog., 338, 414;
mayor of New York, 414;
his family, 414.

William and Mary College founded, 144, 160.

William of Orange, 396;
invited to England, 410.

Williams, Captain, on the Maine coast, 179.

Williams, Dr. Daniel, his library, 245.

Williams, Edward, _Virgo triumphans_, 168.

Williams, Francis, 328, 329.

Williams, George W., _Negro Race in America_, 168.

Williams, John Foster, 190.

Williams, Roger, in his youth, 242;
at Plymouth, 290;
views on civil polity, 290;
settles Rhode Island, 335, 336;
goes to England, 337;
autog., 339;
his _Key_, 355, 377;
lives of, 378;
deed from the Indians, 379;
letters, 377, 378;
letter to George Fox, 378;
banished from Massachusetts, 378;
_Christenings make not Christians_, 378;
Charter obtained by, 379.
_See_ Rhode Island.

Williamson, _History of North Carolina_, 124.

Williamson, W. D., historical labors, 208;
_History of Maine_, 364.

Willis, William, 209, 210;
_History of Portland_, 365;
_Bibliography of Maine_, 365.

Willoughby’s expedition, 30.

Wills, Daniel, 441.

Wilson, John, first minister of Boston, 312;
portrait, 313;
autog., 313.

Wincob, John, 265.

Winder, Samuel, 443.

Windmill, First, in America, 144.

Windsor (Connecticut), 330, 375;
settled, 368.

Wine made early in Florida and Massachusetts, 61.

Winfield, Charles H., _History of Hudson County_, 456.

Wingfield, Edward Maria, 128;
_Discourse_, 155.

Wingina, 109, 153.

Winslow, Edward, his chair and table, 278;
part author of _Mourt’s Relation_, 290;
_Good News from New England_, 291;
portrait, 277, 293;
at Leyden, 263;
autog., 268, 278;
settles in Marshfield, 273;
his descendants, 277;
accounts of, 277;
_Hypocrasie Unmasked; or, Danger of Tolerating Levellers_, 285, 354;
founds Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians, 315,
355;
_New England’s Salamander Discovered_, 355.

Winslow, General John, his sword, 274.

Winslow, Josiah, autog., 278;
portrait, 282.

Winsor, Justin, _The Bradford Manuscript_, 287;
edits _Memorial History of Boston_, 362.

Winter Harbor, 303.

Winter, John, with Drake, 79.

With, John. _See_ White, John.

Winthrop, John, governor, goes to New England, 311;
death, 316, 357;
and the _Short Story_, 351;
_Journal or History of New England_, 255, 357.

Winthrop, John, Jr., governor of Connecticut, 331, 334;
autog., 331;
portrait, 331;
in Connecticut, 369;
charter procured by him, 388.

Winthrop, R. C., on the Pilgrims, 293;
on Sir George Downing, 415.

Wisner, _Old South Church in Boston_, 359.

Witchcraft trial in Pennsylvania, 488.

Wolcott, Roger, 369;
_Poetical Meditations_, 369.

Wolfe, John, 208;
editor of _Linschoten_, 101, 205;
its map, 101.

Wollaston, Captain, 348.

Wolstenholme, Sir John, 94.

Women sent to Virginia, 144, 158.

Wood, Anthony, _Athenæ Oxoniensis_, 204.

Wood, Leonard, his historical labors, 208;
notices of him, 208.

Wood, William, _New England’s Prospect_, 347, 348;
map of New England, 381.

Woodbridge (New Jersey), 425.

Woodbury (Connecticut), 375.

_Woodstock Letters_, 554.

Wooley, Rev. Charles, _Journal_, 420.

Woollen manufactures, 493.

Woolston, John, 447.

Worcester Society of Antiquity, 344.

Worsley, Sir Boyer, 457.

Worthington, William, 7, 31, 44, 51.

Wotton, Thomas, 128.

Wright, Edward, 207;
_The Haven-finding Art_, 208;
_Certain Errors_, 208, 216;
and the Molineaux map, 216.

Wyatt, Sir Francis, 144, 146, 147.

Wyatt, Haut, 144.

Wynne, _British Empire in America_, 509;
_Historical Documents_, 162.

Wynne, Peter, 132.

Wynne, Thomas, autog., 486.

Wynne, Thomas H., 159.

Wytfliet, _Descript. Ptolemaicæ Augmentum_, 184.

Yates, J. V. N., 412.

Yeardley, George, 141, 146;
governor, 142.

Yeardley, Francis, 149.

Yong, Captain Thomas, 458, 558;
autog., 558.

York, Duke of, 310;
patent to, 387, 388;
alienates East Jersey, 403;
grants of New Jersey, 392, 399;
new patent of New York, 399;
becomes James II., 406;
patent (1664), 414, 421, 423;
proposed memorial of, 414;
autog., 421;
grants to Berkeley, etc., 422;
grants to Penn, 480;
Laws, 510, 511.

York (Maine), 326.

Young, Alexander, _Chronicles of the Pilgrims_, 283, 292;
_Chronicles of Massachusetts Bay_, 347.

Yucatan, 201.

Zaltieri’s map (1566), 67.

Zarate’s Peru, 204.

Zeno map, 100;
its influence, 100.

Ziegler, James, on Cabot, 18;
as geographer, 19;
Schondia, 101.

Zipangu, 85.

Zürich archives, letters of the exiled Puritans in, 247.

_Zürich Letters_, 248.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] An error in Eden’s translation of a passage in Peter Martyr, written in 1515, makes him a member of the Council of the Indies.

[2] It will be understood that we now regard it as satisfactorily settled that the voyage of discovery took place in 1497, followed by a second voyage in 1498.

I have spoken of the map of the discoveries of the Cabots being made known to rival courts. In a letter dated Dec. 18, 1497, written from London by the Abbé Raimondo, envoy of the Duke of Milan to the Court of Henry VII., recently brought to light, and printed on page 54, the writer, speaking of the return of John Cabot from his voyage of discovery, says: “This Master John has the description of the world in a chart, and also in a solid globe, which he has made, and he shows where he had landed.” Don Pedro de Ayala, the Spanish Minister, also writes to Ferdinand and Isabella, in the following year, July 25, 1498, after the second expedition had sailed: “I have seen the map which the discoverer has made.”

In the year 1500, the Spanish navigator, Juan de la Cosa, who had accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to the West in the years 1493-96, compiled a map of the world on which he delineated all he knew of the Spanish and Portuguese discoveries in the New World. He also depicted, undoubtedly from English sources, the northern portion of the east coast of the continent, as is shown by a broad legend or inscription running along the coast: “Mar descubierta por Ingleses.” There was also placed at the eastern cape of the coast: “Cavo de Ynglaterra.” It is the earliest map known on which the western discoveries are depicted. A few copies of the map are supposed to have been made soon after its compilation, one of which hung up in the office of the Spanish Minister of Marine. The map afterwards fell into neglect and was forgotten. In the year 1832 it was found and identified by Humboldt, in the library of his friend the Baron Walckenaer, in Paris. [It is on ox-hide, measuring five feet nine inches by three feet two inches, drawn in colors, and was afterwards bought in 1850 for 4,020 francs (see Walckenaer _Catalogue_, no. 2,904) by the Queen of Spain, and is now in the Royal Library at Madrid. See Humboldt’s appendix to Ghillany’s _Geschichte des Seefahrers Ritter Martin Behaim_, and the appendix to Kunstmann’s _Entdeckung Amerikas_; also Kohl’s _Discovery of Maine_, 151, 179. This Cosa map is given in part full-size and in part half-size, in Humboldt’s _Examen Critique_, vol. v., 1839, but not accurately; and again in connection with Humboldt’s essay in Ghillany’s _Behaim_, Nürnberg, 1853. This essay was also issued at Amsterdam in the _Seeskabinet_, with the fac-simile of the map. The only full-size fac-simile in colors is in three sheets in Jomard’s _Monuments de la Géographie_, pl. 16; and there are reductions of the American portion in Stevens’s _Hist. and Geog. Notes_, 1869, pl. 1 (following Jomard’s delineation); in De la Sagra’s _Cuba_; in Lelewel’s _Géog. du Moyen Age_, 1852, no. 41. A biographical study of _Juan de la Cosa_, by Enrique de Leguina, was published at Madrid in 1877. Cosa died while accompanying Ojedo in December, 1509. Peter Martyr, in 1514, gave him a high rank as a cartographer. The American (Asian) part of his map is given in phototype herewith, reduced from Jomard’s fac-simile.—ED.]

Some have supposed that Cosa drew his whole eastern coast of North America as a separate and independent continent, entirely distinct from Asia, on the authority of the maps of the Cabots on which their discoveries were delineated. Of course, in the absence of the maps or globes of the Cabots, it is impossible for us to tell precisely what was delineated upon them, or how much of Cosa’s coast-line was copied from them; but from whatever source this line was drawn, it must be evident that it was supposed by Cosa to be the eastern coast of Asia. Cosa, so far as is observed from the fac-simile of his map,—which is a map of the world,—drew no east coast of Asia at all, unless this be it. (See Stevens’s _Notes_ as above, pp. 14, 17; Cf. Kohl, pp. 145, 152, 153.)

I have already said that the discoveries of the English on Cosa’s map were noted on the northern portion of the east coast of the continent, and if confined, as they appear to be, to that region, we have no right to assert that the remaining portion of the east coast-line was supplied from the Cabots, but rather that it was taken from well-known existing representations of the east coast of Asia. The map and globe of the Cabots, already referred to, had laid down upon them the results of their experience on their first voyage, the voyage of discovery, in 1497. Of the results of the voyage of 1498, with which Sebastian Cabot is now more particularly associated, we know but little. Accounts narrated by others, but originally proceeding many years after the event from Sebastian Cabot himself, of a voyage to the new-found lands, have been supposed by modern writers to refer more particularly to this voyage; and these accounts, as we shall see further on, speak of a run down the coast to a considerable extent. That the Cabots, or Sebastian Cabot, should have prepared maps of the second voyage at the time of its occurrence, as well as of the voyage of discovery, is in every respect probable. But all these early maps are lost. Perhaps they are yet slumbering in some dusty archive.

[The Editor cannot derive from the reasons expressed by Stevens (_Hist. and Geog. Notes_, p. 15) that the coast where the legend is put, represents the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; for it is not easy to account for the absence of the characteristics of a gulf, if “mar,” unaccompanied by “oceanus,” signifies, as Stevens holds, an enclosed sea; and if so, why is the genuine gulf between Cuba and the Asian coast called “mar oceanus”?—ED.]

Cosa’s map not having been engraved, or to any extent copied, exercised but little influence on the cartography of the period, and although the information relating to the English discoveries depicted upon it could have come from no other source than the Cabots themselves, their names were not inscribed upon the map; neither was the legend already quoted copied upon any one of the maps, relating to the new-found lands, which soon followed. The enterprising Cortereals, who are supposed to have seen Cabot’s or Cosa’s map, soon spread their sails for the West, and the maps of their discoveries, in the regions visited by them, contained a record of their own name, or inscriptions which have perpetuated the memory of their exploits. (See vol. iv. of the present work.) Not so with the Cabots unless we should adopt the improbable statement of Peter Martyr, in 1515, that Sebastian Cabot gave the name _Baccalaos_ to those lands because of the multitude of big fishes which he saw there, and to which the natives gave that name. This subject is considered in a later note.

Another important map will be briefly referred to here, as it may possibly have some connection with the Cabots,—that of John Ruysch, published in the Ptolemy of 1508, at Rome. It is the first engraved map with the discoveries of the New World delineated upon it. [There are accounts of this map (which measures twenty-one and a quarter by sixteen inches) in Harrisse’s _Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima_, p. 108; in the _Catalogue of the John Carter-Brown Library_, i. p. 39; in Henry Stevens’s _Bibliotheca Geographica_, No. 3058; and reproductions are given in Humboldt’s _Examen Critique_, v., in his essay on the earliest maps appended to Ghillany’s _Martin Behaim_; in Stevens’s _Historical and Geographical Notes_, pl. 2 (cf. _Historical Magazine_, August, 1869, p. 107); in Santarem’s _Atlas composè de mappemondes depuis le v^e jusqu’au_ xvii^e, _siècles_; in Lelewel’s _Moyen Age_; in Judge Daly’s _Early History of Cartography_, p. 32 (much reduced); and a section is given in Kohl’s _Discovery of Maine_, p. 156. A copy of the original is in the Sumner Collection in Harvard College Library, and has been used for the fac-simile herewith given.—ED.] A northeastern coast similar to that on the Cosa map is drawn, but there is no record on it that the English had visited it, and “Cabo de Portogesi” takes the place of “Cavo de Ynglaterra,” on the point of what is now called Cape Race. Concerning John Ruysch, the maker of the map, who was a German geographer, Kunstmann (_Die Entdeckung Amerikas_, p. 137) says that he accompanied some exploring expeditions undertaken from England to the north. Marcus Beneventanus, an Italian monk, who edited this edition of Ptolemy, and included in it “A new Description of the World, and the new Navigation of the Ocean from Lisbon to India,” says: “But John Ruysch of Germany, in my judgment a most exact geographer, and a most painstaking one in delineating the globe, to whose aid in this little work I am indebted, has told me that he sailed from the South of England, and penetrated as far as the fifty-third degree of north latitude, and on that parallel he sailed west toward the shores of the East, bearing a little northward (_per anglum noctis_), and observed many islands, the description of which I have given below.” Mr. Henry Stevens, from whom I have taken this extract, thinks that Ruysch may have sailed with the Cabots to the new-found islands. We know that among the crew one was a Burgundian and one a Genoese. Beneventanus professed to know of the discoveries of the English as well as of those of the Spaniards and Portuguese: “Columbi et Lusitanorum atque Britannorum quos Anglos nunc dicimus.” (Stevens’s _Hist. and Geog. Notes_, p. 32; Biddle, p. 179.)

In his _Memoir of Sebastian Cabot_, p. 179, Mr. Biddle calls attention to a remarkable inscription on this map, placed far at the north, some twenty degrees above “I. Baccalauras,” namely, “Hic compassus navium non tenet nec naves quæ ferrum tenent revertere valent” (“Here the ship’s compass loses its property, and no vessel with iron on board is able to get away”). Mr. Biddle cites this inscription as showing the terror which this phenomenon of the variation of the magnetic needle, particularly noticed by Cabot, had excited. (See Humboldt’s _Examen Crit._ iii. 31, _et seq._; Chytrœus, _Variorum in Europa Itinerum Delicicæ_, published at Herborn, in Nassau, 1594, pp. 791, 792.) Columbus had noticed the declination of the magnetic needle in his first voyage.

All these places in the new-found lands,—Terre Neuve, Baccalaos, Labrador, etc.,—named by European visitors to these shores, were supposed to be sections and projections of the Old World, and to belong to the map of Asia; and this continued to be the opinion of navigators and cartographers, advancing and receding in their views, for a number of years afterward.

[Johannes Myritius in his _Opusculum Geographicum_, published at Ingoldstadt in 1590, is accounted one of the last to hold to this view. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 314. After the discovery by Balboa in 1513 of the South Sea, the new cartographical knowledge took two—in the main—distinct phases, both of which recognized South America as an independent continental region, sometimes joined and sometimes disjoined from the northern continent; while in one, North America remained a prolongation of Asia, as in the map of Orontius Finæus, and in the other it presented a barrier to western sailing except by a northern circuit. An oceanic passage, which seemed to make an island of Baccalaos, or the Cabot region, nearly in its right latitude and longitude, laid New England, and much more, beneath the sea. The earliest specimen of this notion we find in the Polish Ptolemy of 1512, in what is known as the Stobnicza map, one of the evidences that on the Continent the belief did not prevail that the Cabots had coursed south along a continental shore. It was a year before Balboa discovered the Pacific that this map was published at Cracow; and we are forced to believe that divination, or more credible report, had told John de Stobnicza what was beyond the land which the Spaniards were searching. The map is striking, and, singular to say, it has not been long known. The only copy known of the little book of less than fifty leaves, which contains it, was printed at Cracow without date as _Introductio in Ptholomei Cosmographiam_, and is in the Imperial Library at Vienna; and though there are other copies known with dates (1512), they all lack the maps, there being two sheets, one of the Old World, the other of the New, including in this latter designation the eastern shore of Asia, which is omitted in the fac-simile given herewith. A full-size fac-simile of the New World was made by Muller of Amsterdam (five copies only at twenty-five florins), and one is also given in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 53. We note but a very few other copies, all however, except one, without the map. One is in the great library at Munich. A second (forty-three leaves and dated 1512) was sold by Otto Harrassowitz, a dealer of Leipsic, in 1873, to Muller of Amsterdam (we suppose it to be the copy described in the latter’s _Books on America_, iii. 163, which was sold for 240 florins), from whom it passed into the Carter-Brown Library in Providence. Harrisse, _Bib. Amer. Vet._, no. 69, says there are two copies at Vienna, one in the Imperial Library (which has the map, a woodcut), and the other in the City Library, both without date. One or both of these copies are said to have forty-two leaves,—Kunstmann, _Die Entdeckung Amerikas_, p. 130. A fifth was advertised in 1876 by Harrassowitz, _Catalogue_ no. 29, as containing forty-six leaves, dated 1512, but without the map, and priced at 500 marks. In the same dealer’s _Catalogue_ no. 61, book-number 56, a copy of forty-six leaves is dated 1511, and priced 400 marks, which is perhaps the same copy with a corrected description. See also Panzer, _Annales Typographici_, vi. 454. From this it would appear, as from slight changes said to be in the text, that there were three separate issues and perhaps editions about 1511-12. Mr. Henry C. Murphy’s copy of 1513 has no map. A second edition was printed in Cracow in 1519, but without the map,—_Carter-Brown Catalogue_, no. 60; Harrisse, _Bib. Amer. Vet._ no. 95. The Finæus map, above referred to, was a heart-shaped projection of the earth, which appeared in Grynæus’s _Novus Orbis_, in the edition of Paris, 1532. A fac-simile of it has been published by Muller, of Amsterdam, and in Stevens’s _Notes_, pl. 4. America occupies the extreme edge of the plate, and is greatly distorted by the method of projecting. Mr. Brevoort reduced the lines to Mercator’s projection for Stevens’s _Historical and Geographical Notes_, 1869, pl. 3; and a fac-simile of this reduction, which shows also the true Asian coast-line in its right longitude, and curiously resembling the American (Asian) coast of the map, is given herewith. See also Stevens’s _Bibliotheca Geographica_, p. 124; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 104; Harrisse, _Bibliographia Americana vet._ pp. 294, 297. There are copies of the map also found in the 1540 editions of Pomponius Mela, and in the _Geografia_ of Lafreri and others, published at Rome, 1554-72.—ED.]

[3] The first Decade, which was begun in 1493, and completed in 1510, was printed at Seville in 1511.

[4] _Baccalaos_ is an old ante-columbian name for codfish, in extensive use in the South of Europe. Humboldt says (Ghillany, p. 4), “Stockfischland, von Bacallao, dem Spanischen Namen des stockfisches.” Mr. Brevoort says it is the Iberian name for codfish; see his _Verrazano the Navigator_, pp. 61, 137, where the etymology of the word is given. The name is found on many of the early charts. On that of Reynel, the Portuguese pilot, assigned by geographers to the year 1504 or 1505, it appears on the east coast as “Y dos Bocalhas” (Island of Codfish). On the chart of Ruysch, 1508, it is seen as applied to a small island, or cape, as “J. Baccalaurus.” On another Portuguese map published by Kunstmann, assigned to the year 1514, or a little later, the name “Bacalnaos” is applied to Newfoundland and Labrador, including also Nova Scotia. After various fortunes the name became subject to the limitations which overtook “Norumbega,” and has settled down on a small island on the east coast of Newfoundland. There appears to be no evidence, except Martyr’s statement, that Cabot gave the name to the region he discovered; and it may well be asked on what book or map he had caused it to be inscribed? There is no such name on Cosa’s map, the only early record of the Cabots’ discoveries in the New World. The name was probably applied by the Portuguese. Dr. John G. Kohl, the distinguished geographer, says that the Portuguese originated the name of Tierra de Bacalhas (“the stock-fish country”) and gave currency to it, though the word, like the cod-fishery itself, appears to be of Germanic origin. See his learned note in full in _Doc. Hist. of Maine_, i. 188, 189, and compare Parkman’s _Pioneers of France_, pp. 170, 171. Parkman says: “If, in the original Basque, _baccalaos_ is the word for codfish, and if Cabot found it in use among the inhabitants of Newfoundland, it is hard to escape the conclusion that Basques had been there before him.” The affirmative of this proposition—that the Cabots had been preceded by the fishermen—has been held by a few writers, but it is generally believed that the evidence for it is insufficient. Dr. Kohl says: “That the name should have been introduced by the Cabots is for many reasons most improbable; and that they should have heard and received the name from the Indians, is certainly not true; though both these facts are asserted by Peter Martyr, _De Orbe Novo_, dec. iii. ch. 6.” (Kohl, pp. 188, 189; and compare his statement on p. 481.) Dr. Kohl had already said that the name, with some transposition of the letters, had long been used, before the discoveries of the Cabots and Cortereals, in many Flemish and German books and documents. It should be added that the statement of Peter Martyr, that the savages on the coast visited by Sebastian Cabot called a certain kind of fish found there in abundance _baccalaos_, is repeated in the legend on Cabot’s map, published in 1544, as rendered by Hakluyt in his folio of 1589, p. 511. Indeed, much in the general description of the coast and the inhabitants, both of the sea and the land, is similar in both accounts, and indicates one origin.

[In a dispute with England so early as 1672, the Spaniards claimed a right to fish at Newfoundland by reason of the prior discovery by the Biscayan fishermen. _Papers relating to the rupture with Spain_, London, 1672. The latest claim for the Basques’ antedating Cabot in this region is in C. L. Woodbury’s _Relation of the Fisheries to the Discovery of North America_, Boston, 1880.—ED.]

[5] This, the earliest notice of Cabot which I have seen in print, and, written by one so distinguished as Peter Martyr, who had such rare opportunities for information, is given almost entire. It is from the quaint English version of Richard Eden, made some three hundred and thirty years ago, and published in his _Decades_, fol. 118, 119. The translation has been compared with the Latin text of Martyr, in the _De Orbe Novo_ of 1516, “Tertie decadis liber sextus,” printed the year after it was written, and a few redundances eliminated. See M. D’Avezac’s criticism on some of Eden’s English renderings, in _Revue Critique_, v. 265.

[6] When Mr. Biddle was issuing the second London edition of his _Memoir of Sebastian Cabot_, in 1832, he cancelled one leaf in the book, at pages 77, 78, that he might insert a notice of an early dramatic poem cited by J. Payne Collier in his then recently published _History of English Dramatic Poetry ... and Annals of the Stage_, London, 1831, ii. 319. The play was entitled, _A new interlude and a mery of the nature of the iiij elements declaryinge many proper poynts of phylosophy naturall and of dyvers straunge landys and of dyvers straunge effects and causis_, etc. Dr. Dibdin, in his _Typogr. Ant._, iii. 105, inserts it among the works from Rastell’s press, and in a manuscript note at the beginning of the copy in the British Museum, it is said to have been printed by him in 1519. This copy, the only one known, formerly belonged to Garrick. I saw it in London in 1866, and collated it with the brief extracts in Collier. It is imperfect; and, as the colophon is wanting, the imprint, including date, is gone. Different years have been assigned to the book according as the reader has interpreted the historical references in it. The citations from the “Interlude” which follow are taken from the publications of the Percy Society, vol. xxii. issued in 1848. Among the characters is one _Experyens_ (Experience), who represents a practical navigator who had been a great traveller:—

“Right farr, Syr, I have ridden and gone, And seen straunge thynges many one In Affrick, Europe, and Ynde; Both est and west I have ben farr, North also, and seen the sowth sterr Bothe by see and lande.

And, apparently pointing to a map, _Experience_ proceeds:—

“There lyeth Iselonde where men do fyshe, But beyonde that so colde it is No man may there abyde. This see is called the Great Occyan; So great it is that never man Coulde tell it sith the worlde began Tyll nowe within this xx. yere, Westewarde be founde new landes That we never harde tell of before this By wrytynge nor other meanys. Yet many nowe have ben there; And that contrey is so large of rome, Muche lenger then all Crestendome, Without fable or gyle; For dyvers maryners had it tryed, And sayled streyght by the coste syde Above V. thousande myle! But what commodytes be wythin, No man can tell nor well imagin. But yet not long ago Some men of this contrey went, By the Kynge’s noble consent, It for to search to that entent, And coude not be brought thereto; But they that were they venteres Have cause to curse their maryners, Fals of promys, and dissemblers, That falsly them betrayed, Which wold take no paine to sail farther Than their own lyst and pleasure; Wherfor that vyage, and dyvers other Such kaytyffes have destroyed. O what a thinge had be than Yf that they that be Englyschemen Myght have ben furst of all That there shulde have take possessyon, And made furst buyldynge and habytacion, A memory perpetuall! And also what an honorable thynge Bothe to the realme, and to the Kynge, To have had his domynyon extendynge There into so farr a grounde, Whiche the noble Kynge of late memory, The most wyse prynce, the VII. Herry, Causyd furst for to be founde, ...”

Percy, in his essay on the Origin of the English Stage, 1767, supposed this play to have been written about the year 1510, from the following lines which he referred to Columbus:—

“... Within this xx. yeer Westewarde be founde new landes.”

But Columbus is not named in the play, and the finding of America is attributed to Americus Vespucius, whose earliest alleged voyage was in 1497:—

“But this newe lands founde lately, Ben callyd America, bycause only Americus dyd furst them fynde.”

The date ascribed to the play by the writer of the memorandum in it, 1519, would seem to be not far from the truth. But the verses which speak of the discovery made for the late king, Henry VII., principally interest us here. They would seem to refer to the Cabots, who made the only authentic Western discovery for England in that reign. The whole poem has been reprinted by the Percy Society. See Winsor’s _Halliwelliana_, p. 8, and references there. Mr. J. F. Nicholls, in his _Life of Sebastian Cabot_, London, 1869, p. 91, prints these lines, and thinks “that the Experyens herein depicted was none other than Sebastian Cabot himself.”

[7] [A sketch of a portion of the North American coast is given in another chapter. It was reproduced in Sprengel’s translation of Muñoz’s _Geschichte der neuen Welt_, Weimar, 1795, and separately in his _Ueber J. Ribero’s älteste weltcharte_, size 50 by 65 centimetres, and shows the coast from Labrador to Magellan’s Straits. Cf. Humboldt’s _Examen Critique_, iii. 184. It is also given in Lelewel’s Atlas; in Murphy’s _Verrazzano_, p. 129; and in De Costa’s _Verrazano the Explorer_, p. 43. The original is at Weimar, with a _replica_ at Rome.—ED.]

[8] I might mention here an interesting map composed by the English merchant, Robert Thorne, while residing in Seville in Spain, in 1527, and sent, with a long discourse on cosmography, to Dr. Ley, English ambassador to Charles V. The map is very rude, and was first published with the discourse by Hakluyt in his little quarto in 1582. Along the line of the coast of Labrador is a Latin inscription of which the following is the English reading: “This land was first discovered by the English.” Thorne was very urgent—as well in his letter to Dr. Ley as in a letter to the king, Henry VIII., also published by Hakluyt—that the English should engage in those maritime discoveries to the west which the Spaniards and the Portuguese were monopolizing.

[9] In Ziegler’s original work he begins this sentence thus: “Petrus Martyr mediolanensis in hispanicis navigationibus scribit, _Antoninum quendam Cabotum_ solventem a Britannia,” etc. This clerical or typographical error as to Cabot’s Christian name probably arose from a misreading of Martyr’s language in Dec. iii. lib. 6: “Scrutatus est eas _Sebastianus quidam Cabotus_.” Eden did not hesitate to substitute Sebastian for Anthony. As a mystification concerning the name Antoninum (or Anthony) Cabot, I will add that Mr. Brevoort has called my attention to the following entry in _Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII._, vol. i. pt. 1, p. 939, doc. 5639, Nov. 27, 1514: “Patent denization to _Anthony Chabo_, surgeon, native of Savoy,” with another entry showing that in 1512 an annuity of twenty pounds was granted to him; and Mr. Brevoort asks the question if Anthony could have been another son of Jean Cabot, arriving in England later; and also whether the Cabots might not have come originally from Savoy? [Ziegler’s title reads: _Syria, Palestina, Arabia, Ægyptus, Schondia, Holmia_,—the section on Schondia, as he calls the north, takes folios 85-138; and the last of the eight maps in the book is of Schondia. See Harrisse’s _Biblio. Amer. Vetus_, no. 170; F. Muller’s _Catalogue_, 1877, no. 3595. The Schondia section was reprinted in Krantzius’s _Regnorum Aquilonarium_, etc., Frankfort, 1583. F. Muller’s _Catalogue_, 1872, no. 844.—ED.]

[10] [It is also so drawn in Ruscelli’s map of 1544.—ED.]