Chapter XIII: The English in Maryland, 1632-1691 (8)

[275] It is given in a rare little tract: _An Historical Account of some Memorable Actions, Particularly in Virginia; Also Against the Admiral of Algier, and in the East Indies: Perform’d for the Service of his Prince and Country_. By S^r Thomas Grantham, K^t [Motto]. London: printed for J. Roberts, near the Oxford Arms in Warwick Lane, MDCCVI. 18º. The copy in the Virginia State Library is thought to be the only one in this country, pp. 12, 13: “If Virtue be a Sin, if Piety be Guilt, if all the Principles of Morality and Goodness and Justice be perverted, we must confess that those who are called Rebels may be in Danger of those high Imputations, those loud and severe Bulls, which would affright Innocency, and render the Defence of our Brethren and the Enquiry into our sad and heavy Oppressions Treason. But if there be (as sure there is) a just God to appeal to; if Religion and Justice be a Sanctuary here; if to plead the Cause of the Oppress’d; if sincerely to aim at the Publick Good, without any Reservation or By-Interest; if to stand in the Gap, after so much Blood of our Dear Brethren bought and sold; if after the Loss of a great Part of His Majesty’s Colony, deserted and dispeopl’d, and freely to part with our Lives and Estates to endeavor to save the Remainder, be Treason,—Let God and the World judge, and the Guilty die. But since we cannot find in our Hearts One single Spot of Rebellion and Treason, or that we have in any manner aimed at the Subversion of the Settl’d Government, or attempting the Person of any, either Magistrate or Private Man,—notwithstanding the several Reproaches and Threats of some who for sinister Ends were disaffected to Us, and censure our Just and Honest Designs,—Let Truth be bold and all the World Know the Real Foundation of our Pretended Guilt.”

[276] This is shown by the preservation of books to this day in the several departments of literature which are identified, by ownership in inscribed name and date, with the homes of the Virginia planter of the seventeenth century, many of which have fallen under the personal inspection of the present writer, who has some examples in his own library. A little later, private libraries were numerous in Virginia, and in value, extent, and variety of subject embraced, the exhibit will contrast favorably with that of any of the English colonies in America.

[277] [On the later designation of “Old Dominion,” see _Historical Magazine_, iii. 319; and J. H. Trumbull on Indian names in Virginia in _Historical Magazine_, xvii. 47.—ED.]

[278] The editor of the tract, “J. H.,” in his preface, says: “Some of the books were printed under the name of Thomas Watson, by whose occasion I know not, unlesse it were the ouer-rashnesse or mistakinge of the workmen.”

The words “by a gentleman” got also through ignorance of the real authorship into the titles of some copies as author, there being four varieties of titles. It is sometimes quoted (by Purchas for instance) by the running head-line _Newes from Virginia_. Mr. Deane edited an edition of it at Boston in 1866. There are eight copies of it known to be in America: one each belonging to Harvard College, S. L. M. Barlow, and the Carter-Brown Library; two in the New York Historical Society, and three in the Lenox Library. (_Magazine of American History,_ i. 251.) The text is the same in all cases, and those copies in which Smith’s name is given have an explanatory preface acknowledging the mistake. Mr. Payne Collier, in his _Rarest Books in the English Language_, 1865, is of the opinion that Watson was the true author, which Mr. Deane shows to be an error. An earlier, very inaccurate reprint was made in the _Southern Literary Messenger_, February, 1845, from the New York Historical Society’s copy. Use is also made of it in Pinkerton’s _Voyages_, vol. xiii. [Mr. Deane suggests that the reason Smith omitted this tract in his _Generall Historie_, substituting for it the _Map of Virginia_, is to be found in the greater ease with which the narratives of others in the latter tracts would take on the story of Pocahontas, which his own words in the _True Relation_ might forbid.

Tyler, _History of American Literature_, i. 26, calls this tract of Smith’s the earliest contribution to American literature. The latest copy sold which we have noted was in the Ouvry Sale, London, March, 1882, no. 1,535 of its _Catalogue_, which brought £57.—ED.]

[279] A portrait of “Captaine George Percy,” copied in 1853 by Herbert L. Smith from the original at Syon House, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland, at the instance of Conway Robinson, Esq., then visiting England, is among the valuable collection of portraits of the Virginia Historical Society at Richmond. Its frame, of carved British oak, was a present to the Society from William Twopenny, Esq., of London, the solicitor of the Duke of Northumberland. Percy (born Sept. 4, 1586, died unmarried in March, 1632) was “a gentleman of honor and resolution.” He had served with distinction in the wars of the Low Countries, and his soldierly qualities were evidenced in the colony, as well as his administrative ability as the successor of John Smith. A mutilated hand represented in the portrait, it is said, was a memorial of a sanguinary encounter with the savages of Virginia. The head from this portrait is given on an earlier page.

[280] The author of the “Relatyon,” etc., was identified by the late Hon. William Green, LL.D., of Richmond, as Captain Gabriel Archer. [Newport’s connection with the colony is particularly sketched in Neill’s _Virginia and Virginiola_, 1878. Neill describes the MS. which is in the Record office as “a fair and accurate description of the first Virginia explorations.” Mr. Hale later made some additions to his original notes (_Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, Oct. 21, 1864), where some supplemental notes by Mr. Deane will also be found as to the origin of the name Newport-News as connected with Captain Newport. See H. B. Grigsby in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ x. 23; also _Hist. Mag._ iii. 347.—ED.]

[281] Preface to Deane’s _True Relation_, p. xxxiii. [Wingfield’s _Discourse_ was first brought to the attention of students in 1845 by the citations from the original MS. at Lambeth made by Mr. Anderson in his _History of the Church of England in the Colonies_.—ED.]

[282] [The MS. was bought at Dawson Turner’s Sale in 1859 by Lilly, the bookseller, who announced that he would print an edition of fifty copies. (Deane’s ed. _True Relation_, p. xxxv; _Hist. Mag._, July, 1861, p. 224; _Aspinwall Papers_, i. 21, note.) It was only partly put in type, and the MS. remained in the printer’s hands ten years, when Mr. Henry Stevens bought it for Mr. Hunnewell, who caused a small edition (two hundred copies) to be printed privately at the Chiswick Press.—ED.]

[283] _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,800.

[284] This was reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, i., and by Sabin, edited by F. L. Hawks, New York, 1867.

[285] Sabin, vii. 323; Rich (1832), £1 8_s._; Ouvry Sale, 1882, no. 1,582, a copy with the autograph, “W. Ralegh, Turr, Lond.”

[286] There is a copy in Harvard College Library. (Rich, 1832, no. 121, £1 8_s._) It was an official document of the Company.

[287] Another official publication. A copy in Harvard College Library. (Rich, 1832, no. 122, £2 2_s._) It is reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, iii.

[288] But one copy is now known, which is at present in the Huth collection (_Catalogue_, iv. 1247), having formerly belonged to Lord Charlemont’s Library at Dublin, where Halliwell found it in 1864, bound up with other tracts. The volume escaped the fire in London which destroyed the greater part of the Charlemont collection in 1865, and at the sale that year brought £63. In the same year Halliwell privately printed it (ten copies). Winsor’s _Halliwelliana_, p. 25; Allibone’s _Dictionary of Authors_, vol. ii. p. 1788. In 1874 it was again privately reprinted (twenty-five copies) in London. It once more appeared, in 1878, in Neill’s _Virginia and Virginiola_. Cf. Lefroy’s _History of Bermuda_.

[289] Tyler’s _American Literature_, i. 42. Malone wrote a book to prove that this description by Strachey suggested to Shakespeare the plot of the _Tempest_,—a view controverted in a tract on the _Tempest_ by Joseph Hunter.

[290] Reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, iii. no. 2. The dedication is given in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._ 1866, p. 36.

[291] [There is a copy in the Lenox Library; it was reprinted (50 copies) in 1859, and again by Mr. Griswold (20 copies) in 1868. A letter of Lord Delaware, July 7, 1610, from the Harleian MSS., is printed in the Hakluyt Society’s edition of Strachey, p. xxiii.—ED.]

[292] [There is a copy in Harvard College Library. A very fine copy in the Stevens Sale (1881, _Catalogue_, no. 1,612) was afterward held by Quaritch at £25. Fifty years ago Rich (_Catalogue_ 1832, no. 131) priced a copy at £2 2_s._ (See Sabin, xiii. 53249.) It was reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. i. no. 7, and in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._ vol. viii.—ED.]

[293] [A further account of this tract will be found in a subsequent editorial note on the “Maps of Virginia;” and of Smith’s _Generall Historie_ a full account will be found in the Editorial Note at the end of Dr. De Costa’s chapter.—ED.]

[294] [Tyler, _American Literature_, i. 46; Neill, _Virginia Company_, 78; Rich (1832), no. 135, priced at £2 2_s._ Mr. Neill has told the story of Whitaker and others in his _Notes on the Virginian Colonial Clergy_, Philadelphia, 1877.—ED.]

[295] [The original edition is in the Lenox Library and the Deane Collection; and copies at public sales in America have brought $150 and $170. (Field, _Indian Bibliography_, nos. 642-43, where he cites it as one of the earliest accounts of the Indians of Virginia; Sabin, viii. 46.) A German translation was published at Hanau as part xiii. of the _Hulsius Voyages_ in 1617 (containing more than was afterwards included in De Bry’s Latin), and there were two issues of it the same year with slight variations. The map is copied from Smith’s _New England_, not from his _Virginia_. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 491; _Lenox Contributions_ (Hulsius), p. 15.

In 1619 De Bry gave it in Latin as part x. of his _Great Voyages_, having given it in German the year before. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 348, 368.—ED.]

[296] [Some of them follow in chronological order:—

Norwood’s _Voyage to Virginia_, 1649; Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii.; _Virginia Hist. Reg._ ii. 121.

_Perfect Description of Virginia_, 1649; Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii.; _Virginia Hist. Reg._ ii. 60; original edition in Harvard College Library; priced by Rich in 1832, £1 10_s._, by Quaritch in 1879, £20.

William Bullock’s _Virginia impartially Examined_, London, 1649; Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii. The original is now scarce. Rich in 1832 (_Catalogue_, no. 271) quotes it at £1 10_s._ (it is now worth $75). Sabin, iii. 9145; Ternaux, 685; Brinley, 3725.

_Extract from a manuscript collection of annals relative to Virginia_, Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii.

_A short Collection of the most remarkable passages from the Originall to the Dissolution of the Virginia Company_, London, 1651; there are copies in the Library of Congress and in that of Harvard College.

_The Articles of Surrender to the Commonwealth_, March 12, 1651; _Mercurius Politicus_, May 20-27, 1652; _Virginia Hist. Reg._ ii. 182.

_Virginia’s Cure; or, an advisive narrative Concerning Virginia; Discovering the True Ground of that churches unhappiness_, by R. G. 1662. Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii. The original is in Harvard College Library.

Sir William Berkeley’s _Discourse and View of Virginia_, 1663; Sabin’s _Dictionary_, ii. 4889.

Nathaniel Shrigley’s _True Relation of Virginia and Maryland_, 1669; Force’s _Tracts_, vol. v.

John Lederer’s _Discoveries in Three Marches from Virginia_, 1669, 1670, London, 1672, with map of the country traversed. It was “collected out of the Latin by Sir William Talbot, Baronet.” There is a copy in Harvard College Library, _Griswold Catalogue_, 422; _Huth Catalogue_, iii. 829.

There are in the early Virginian bibliography a few titles on the efforts made to induce the cultivation of silkworms. The King addressed a letter to the Earl of Southampton with a review of Bonœil’s treatise on the making of silk, and this was published by the Company in 1622. (_Harvard College Library MS. Catalogue_; _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,760.) The Company also published, in 1629, _Observations ... of Fit Rooms to keepe silk wormes in_; and as late as 1655 Hartlib’s _Reformed Virginian Silk-worm_ indicated continued interest in the subject. This last is reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii. no. 13, and the originals of this and of the preceding are in Harvard College Library. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, viii. 121.—ED.]

[297] The _Orders and constitutions ordained by the treasvror, covnseil, and companie of Virginia, for the better gouerning of said companie_, is reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii.

[298] _Fortieth Congress, Second Session, Misc. Doc._ no. 84, _Senate_. Another effort was made in Congress for this eminently desirable measure in 1881. The bill introduced by Senator John W. Johnston, of Virginia, passed the Senate, but for some reason failed in the House of Representatives.]

[299] [While these two volumes were yet in his possession, Mr. Jefferson, in a letter to Colonel Hugh P. Taylor, dated October 4, 1823, says, that the volumes came to him with the Library of Colonel Richard Bland, which Mr. Jefferson had purchased,—Colonel Bland having borrowed them of the Westover Library, and never returned them. (See H. A. Washington’s ed. of _Jefferson’s Writings_, vii. 312.) Colonel Bland died in October, 1776. A duplicate set of these Records (transcripts made in Virginia some hundred and fifty years ago) are now in the possession of Conway Robinson, Esq., of Richmond. They were deposited with him by Judge William Leigh, one of the executors of John Randolph of Roanoke, in whose library they were found after his death, in 1833, where they were inspected and described by the late Hugh Blair Grigsby, before the dispersion of the library at a later period. (_Letters of Conway Robinson and H. B. Grigsby to Mr. Deane_). These Randolph-Leigh-Robinson volumes were examined by Mr. Deane in Richmond, in April, 1872, just after he had inspected the Byrd-Stith-Jefferson copy in the Law Library in Washington.—ED.]

[300] [Mr. Neill has published numerous notes on early Virginia history in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, namely, “English maids for Virginia,” 1876, p. 410; “Transportation of Homeless Children,” 1876, p. 414; “Lotteries,” 1877, p. 21; “Daniel Gookin of Virginia,” 1877, p. 267 (see also i. 345; ii. 167; Paige’s _Cambridge_, 563, and _Terra Mariæ_, 76).—ED.]

[301] [Colonel Aspinwall collected during his long consulship at Liverpool a valuable American library, of about four thousand volumes (771 titles), which in 1863 was sold to Samuel L. M. Barlow, Esq., of New York, but all except about five hundred of the rarest volumes which Mr. Barlow had taken possession of were burned in that city in 1864. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ xv. 2. This collection was described in a catalogue (a few copies privately printed), _Bibliotheca Barlowiana_, compiled by Henri Harrisse.—ED.]

[302] John Pory’s lively account of excursions among the Indians is given in Smith’s _Generall Historie_. Neill, _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._ 1875, p. 296, thinks that George Ruggles was the author of several of the early tracts in Force’s _Tracts_. See Neill’s _Virginia Company_, p. 362.

[303] [The history of the dividing line (1728) between Virginia and North Carolina is found in William Byrd’s _Westover MSS._, printed in Petersburg in 1841. It shows how successive royal patents diminished the patent rights of Virginia. See _Virginia Hist. Reg._ i. and iv. 77; Williamson’s _North Carolina_, App.—ED.]

[304] A copy of this portion of the _Records_, collated with the original by Mr. Sainsbury, is in the library of the present writer. The other papers of this 1874 volume included a list of the living and dead in 1623, a Brief Declaration of the Plantation during the first twelve years (already mentioned), the census of 1634, etc.

[305] [The Speaker’s Report of their doings to the Company in England was printed in the _New York Hist. Coll._ in 1857. See also on these proceedings the _Antiquary_, London, July, 1881.—ED.]

[306] [There is a copy in Harvard College Library; Rich (1832), no. 133, £2 2_s._; Brinley, nos. 3,739-40. It was reprinted in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iii. no. 5. Mr. Deane, _True Relation_, p. xli, examines the conflicting accounts as to the number of persons constituting the first immigration.—ED.]

[307] [The vexed question as to how far the convict class made part of the early comers is discussed in Jones’s ed. Hakluyt’s _Divers Voyages_, p. 10; _Index to Remembrancia_, 1519-1664, with citations in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ xvii. 297; _Aspinwall Papers_, i. 1, note; E. D. Neill, _English Colonization in North America_, p. 171, and his “Virginia as a Penal Colony,” in _Hist. Mag._, May, 1869. “It would be wholly wrong, however, to suppose that immigrants of this sort were a controlling element,” says Lodge in his _English Colonies_, p. 66; and this is now the general opinion.—ED.]

[308] Bishop Meade’s _Old Churches and Families of Virginia_, 2 vols. 8º, 1855, Slaughter’s _History of St. Mark’s Parish, Culpeper County_, 1877, and _Bristol Parish, Dinwiddie County_, 2d edition, 1879, and the files of the _Richmond Standard_ may be referred to for purposes of genealogical investigation.

[309] A transcript of this “Register” is in the hands of the present writer for preparation for publication, with an Introduction, Notes, and Indices.

[310] A second volume, continuing the series, has been published the present year (1882). An Introduction in vol. i. recounts the losses to which the archives have been subjected, and enumerates the resources still remaining.

[311] Chapter vi.

[312] This iconoclastic view was also sustained by Mr. E. D. Neill in chapter v. of his _Virginia Company in London_, 1869, which was also printed separately, and in chapter iv. of his _English Colonization in America_. He goes farther than Mr. Deane, and, following implicitly Strachey’s statement of an earlier marriage for Pocahontas, he impugns other characters than Smith’s, and repeats the imputations in his _Virginia and Virginiola_, p. 20. There is a paper on the marriage of Pocahontas, by Wyndham Robertson, in the _Virginia Historical Reporter_, vol. ii. part i. (1860), p. 67. (Cf. Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, p. 383.) See Neill’s view pushed to an extreme in _Hist. Mag._ xvii. 144. A writer in the _Virginia Hist. Reg._ iv. 37, undertook to show that Kokoum and Rolfe were the same. Matthew S. Henry, in a letter dated Philadelphia, Sept. 11, 1857, written to Dr. Wm. P. Palmer, then Corresponding Secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, gives us the Lenni Lenape signification of Kakoom or Kokoum, as “‘to come from somewhere else,’ as we would say, ‘a foreigner.’”

[313] [See Maxwell’s _Hist. Reg._ ii., 189; and a note to the earlier part of this chapter. Her story is likely still to be told with all the old embellishment. See Prof. Schele de Vere’s _Romance of American History_, 1872, ch. iii. A piece of sculpture in the Capitol at Washington depicts the apocryphal scene. W. G. Simms urges her career as the subject for historical painting (_Verses and Reviews_). She figures in more than one historical romance: J. Davis’s _First Settlers of Virginia_, New York, 1805-6, and again, Philadelphia, 1817, with the more definite title of _Captain Smith and the Princess Pocahontas_; Samuel Hopkins, _Youth of the Old Dominion_. There are other works of fiction, prose and verse, bearing on Pocahontas and her father, by Seba Smith, L. H. Sigourney, M. W. Moseby, R. D. Owens, O. P. Hillar, etc.—ED.]

[314] [See an earlier note on her descendants.—ED.]

[315] Its place is sometimes supplied by a fac-simile engraved for W. Richardson’s _Granger’s Portraits_, 1792-96. The original Mataoka or Pocahontas picture was neither in the Brinley, the Medlicott, nor the Menzies copies, and is not in the Harvard College, Dowse, Deane, or in most of the known copies.

The Crowninshield copy (_Catalogue_, no. 992) had the original plate; and that copy, after going to England, came back to America as the property of Dr. Charles G. Barney, of Virginia, and at the sale of his library in New York in 1870 it brought $247.50; but it is understood that it returned to his own shelves. The Carter-Brown (1632) edition, the Barlow large-paper copy, and one copy at least in the Lenox Library have it.

[316] There exists at Heacham Hall, Norfolk, the seat of the Rolfes, a portrait thought to be of Henry, the son of Pocahontas. This is the painting mentioned by error in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ xiii. 425, as of Pocahontas.

[317] Grigsby’s authority for his statements was the son of Sully, who also painted an ideal portrait of Pocahontas. Copies of a picture of Pocahontas by Thomas Sully, and of another painted by R. M. Sully are in the Collections of the Virginia Historical Society, and it is palpable that they are both mere fanciful representations. The original of the picture which was at Cobb’s, the writer was informed by the late Hon. John Robertson, a descendant of Pocahontas, represented “a stout blonde English woman,”—a description which does not agree with the picture by Robert M. Sully purporting to be a copy.

The late Charles Campbell, author of a _History of Virginia_, stated that Thomas Sully was allowed to take the original from Cobb’s (it being little valued), and that after cleaning it he altered the features and complexion to his own fancy. Of the picture by Thomas Sully he states: “The portrait I painted and presented to the Historical Society of Virginia was copied, in part, from the portrait of Pocahontas in the ‘Indian Gallery,’ published by Daniel Rice and Z. Clark. In my opinion the copy by my nephew [Robert M. Sully] is best entitled to authenticity.”

[318] There is a copy in Harvard College Library; Rich (1832), no. 165, priced it at £2 2_s._

[319] [Force copied from the _Richmond Inquirer_ of September 1804, where Jefferson had printed it from a copy in his possession. Another copy was followed in the _Virginia Evangelical and Literary Magazine_ in 1820, which is the source from which it was again printed in the _Virginia Hist. Reg._, iii. 61, 621.—ED.]

[320] [See an earlier note.—Ed.]

[321] [See _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._ 1861, p. 320, and Massachusetts Archives, Colonial, 1, 475; _Democratic Review_, vii. 243, 453. For the later historians see Bancroft’s _History of the United States_, vol. ii. ch. 14, and Centenary Edition, vol. i. ch. 20; Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, ii. 296; and the memoir of Bacon by William Ware in Sparks’s _American Biography_, vol. xiii.

Articles of peace were signed by John West and the native kings, May 29, 1677 (_Brinley Catalogue_, 5484.)

Mrs. Aphra Behn made the events rather distantly the subject of a drama, _The Widdow Ranter_; and in our day St. George Tucker based his novel of _Hansford_ upon them. See Sabin, ii. 4372.—ED.

[322] In 1722 the book was reissued in London, revised and enlarged as the author had left it, and this edition is now worth £10 10_s._ It was again reprinted in 1855, edited by Charles Campbell. (Sabin, vol. ii.; Brinley, 3719; Muller, 1877, no. 318, etc.) Jones’s _Present State of Virginia_, 1724, may also be noted.

[323] [Thomas Hollis wrote in the copy of Keith which he sent to Harvard College in 1768, “_The Society_, the glorious society, _instituted in London for promoting Learning_, having existed but a little while, through scrubness of the times, no other than PART I. of this history was published, and it is very scarce.”—ED.]

[324] [Some claim to be printed in London in 1753; the copy in Harvard College Library is of this 1753 imprint; see _Hist. Mag._ i. 59, and ii. 61 (where it is asserted that only the title is of new make), and the bibliographical note which Sabin added to his reprint of Stith in 1865, where he describes three varieties. There is a collation in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,796, not agreeing with either; cf. _Hist. Mag._ ii. 184, and _North American Review_, October, 1866, p. 605.—ED.]

[325] [Adams, _Manual of Historical Literature_, 557; _Hist. Mag._ i. 27; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,502; Tyler, _American Literature_, ii. 280; Allibone, ii. 2264; article by William Green in _Southern Literary Messenger_, September, 1863.—ED.]

[326] See Charles Campbell’s _Memoir of John Daly Burk_, 1868.

[327] Sabin, iii. 9273.

[328] [C. K. Adams, _Manual of Historical Literature_, 557; _Potter’s American Monthly_, December, 1876, the year of Campbell’s death.—ED.]

[329] [See this map in chapter i.—ED.]

[330] [The French explorations will be treated, and the illustrative maps will be given, in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[331] Lane, in 1585, heard of houses covered with plates of metal. _Hakluyt_, iii. 258. Others repeated similar stories about other places.

[332] Dee’s _Diary in the Publications_ of the Camden Society.

[333] [See chap. iv.—ED.]

[334] [See chapter iv.—ED.]

[335] It should be noted that Robert Salterne, who was with Pring at Plymouth, soon after took Orders in the Church of England. This leads to the conjecture that public worship may have been conducted at Plymouth in 1603; though the subject is not referred to.

[336] [See chap. ix. of Vol. IV—ED.]

[337] [These transactions of the French will be noted in detail in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[338] [This is counting Pring as the first, not usually reckoned such however, and Champlain as the second. See the Critical Essay.—ED.]

[339] [A heliotype of this map, somewhat reduced, is given at page 198. It is the second of the ten different states of the plate. See _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 54; and the Critical Essay—ED.]

[340] Gorges’ _Brief Narrative_, ch. xv. [The map made during the Raleigh voyage of 1585, now with the original drawings of De Bry’s pictures in the British Museum, shows a strait at Port Royal leading to an extended sea, like Verrazano’s, at the west. We have been allowed by Dr. Edward Eggleston to examine a photograph of this map.—ED.]

[341] [See chapter viii.—ED.]

[342] [See editorial note, A, at the end of this chapter.—ED.]

[343] On the signification of this word see “The Lost City of New England” in _Magazine of American History_, i. no. 1, and printed separately. The most notable monograph that has appeared in connection with the general subject is that by M. Eugène Beauvois, entitled, _La Norambegue. Découverte d’une quatrième colonie Pré-Colombienne dans le Nouveau Monde_. Bruxelles, 1880, pp. 27-32. This very learned author labors with great ingenuity to prove that the word is of old northern origin, and that by a variety of transformations, which he seeks to explain, it means Norrœnbygda, or the country of Norway; and that, consequently, it must be regarded as showing the early occupation of the region by Scandinavians. [Cf. also the paper by the same author on “Le Markland et l’Escociland,” in _Congrès des Américanistes; Compte rendu_, 1877, i. 224.—ED.] To the claim that the word is of Indian origin we may oppose the statement in Thevet’s _Cosmographie_ (ii. 1009), evidently derived by that mendacious writer from an early navigator, to the effect that, while the Europeans called the country Norumbega, the savages called it Aggoncy. Father Vetromile reported that he found an Indian who knew the word Nolumbega, meaning “still water;” yet he does not say whether he recognized it as an aboriginal or an imported word. [Vetromile, _History of the Abnakis_, New York, 1866, p. 49; and assented to by Murphy, _Verrazano_, p. 38. Father Vetromile says in a letter: “In going with Indians in a canoe along the Penobscot, when we arrived at some large sheet of water after a rapid or narrow passage, men would say _Nolumbeghe_.” Dr. Ballard, in a manuscript, says the coast Indians in our day have called it _Nah-rah-bĕ-gek_.—ED.]

[344] See his account in vol. iii. p. 129 of _The Principal Navigations, voiages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation made by Sea or overland, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth at any time within the compasse of these 1600 yeeres: Divided into three severall Volumes, according to the positions of the Regions whereunto they were directed, etc., etc. By Richard Hakluyt, Master of Arts, and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford. Imprinted at London by George Bishop, Ralph Newberie, and Robert Barker_, 1598; in three volumes folio, the third, relating to America, printed in 1600. [This edition was reprinted (325 copies) with care in 1809-12 by George Woodfall, edited by R. H. Evans, and the reprint is now so scarce that it brings £20 to £30. Such parts of Hakluyt’s earlier edition of 1589, as he had omitted in the new edition (1598-1600), were reinserted by Evans, and the completed reprint including other narratives “chiefly published by Hakluyt or at his suggestion,” is extended to five volumes. See an account of the earlier publications of Hakluyt in the note following this chapter.—ED.]

[345] See _Purchas His Pilgrimes_, iii. 809.

[346] Bowen’s _Complete System of Geography_, two vols. folio, London, 1747, vol. ii. p. 686, where reference is made to Cape Lorembec. See also Charlevoix’s reference to Cap de Lorembec, in Shea’s edition, v. 284; also some modern maps.

[347] _Descripcion de las Indias ocidentales de Antonio de Herrera_, etc. 1601, dec. ii. lib. v. c. 3.

[348] This pilot has also been taken for Verrazano, said by Ramusio to have been killed and eaten by the savages on this coast. See also Biddle’s _Memoir of Sebastian Cabot_, second edition, London, 1832, p. 272. See also Brevoort’s _Verrazano the Navigator_, p. 147 [and Mr. Deane’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[349] Hakluyt, 111, 500.

[350] In 1525 the “Mary of Guilford,” 160 tons, and one year old, was reserved for the King’s use. _Manuscripts of Henry_ VIII. iv. 752. “John Rutt” was at one time master of the “Gabryll Royall.” In 1513 he was master of the “Lord Sturton,” with a crew of 250 men; and, in April of the same year, master of the “Great Galley,” 700 tons, John Hoplin being captain. Ibid., under “Ships.”

[351] Hakluyt, iii. 208; and De Costa’s _Northmen in Maine, a Critical Examination_, etc.,—Albany, 1870, p. 43,—[in refutation of the arguments of Kohl in his _Discovery of Maine_, p. 281, who contends for Rut’s exploration.—ED.]

[352] Folio, 557. A copy of the manuscript is preserved in the British Museum, Sloane manuscripts, 1447, and one is also in the Bodleian, Tanner manuscripts, 79. They present no substantial variations. Hakluyt accepts the relation in his “Discourse,” 2 _Maine Hist. Coll._ ii. 115-220, [but his editor, Charles Deane, thinks it “has all the air of a romance or fiction.” The Sloane copy was followed by P. C. T. Weston, who privately printed it in his _Documents Connected with the History of South Carolina_, London, 1856 (121 copies), with the following title: “The Land Travels of Davyd Ingram and others in the years 1568-69 from the Rio de Minas in the Gulph of Mexico to Cape Breton in Acadia.” A manuscript copy in the Sparks Collection (_Catalogue_, App. No. 30) is called “Relaçon of Davyd Ingram of things which he did see in Travellinge by lande for [from?] the moste northerlie pte of the Baye of Mexico throughe a greate pte of Ameryca untill within fivetye leagues of Cape Britton.” Mr. Sparks has endorsed it: “Many parts of this narrative are incredible, so much as to throw a distrust over the whole.”—ED.

[353] Purchas, iv. 1179. Ingram’s reference to Elephants reminds the reader of the Lions of the Plymouth colonists (Dexter’s _Mourt_, p. 75). In this connection consult the _Rare Travailes_ of Job Hortop, who was put ashore with Ingram, being twenty-two years in reaching England. Cabeça de Vaca, who came to America with Narvaez in 1528, was six years in captivity, and spent twenty months in his travels to escape. At this period there were Indian trails in all directions for thousands of miles; on these Ingram and his companions travelled. See, for the Indian trails, _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. 326.

[354] [The Sloane text, according to Weston, has a blank for the name of this river.—ED.]

[355] _Nouvelle France_, p. 598.

[356] _Œuvres_, iii. 22.

[357] Hakluyt, iii. 283. [See also chapter iv. of the present volume.—ED.]

[358] Williamson’s _History of North Carolina_, i. 53.

[359] Hawks, _History of North Carolina_, i. 196., ed. 1857.

[360] _Archæologia Americana_, iv. 11; and _Colonial State Papers_, i., under August 12, 1585.

[361] _Calendar of Colonial State Papers_, i. no. 2.

[362] [His patent is in Hakluyt, iii. 174, and in Hazard, i. 24.—ED.]

[363] [See chapter iii. in the present volume, for notices of earlier parts of Gilbert’s career. J. Wingate Thornton points out his pedigree in “The Gilbert Family,” in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1850, p. 223. In the same place, July, 1859, is one of Gilbert’s last letters (from the state-paper office), with an autograph signature which is copied in a later note.—ED.]

[364] See Richard Clarke’s narrative of “The Voyage for the discovery of Norumbega, 1583,” in Hakluyt, iii. 163; [and Edward Haies’s account of the voyage of 1583, Ibid., iii. 143, and also in E. J. Payne’s _Voyages of Elizabethan Seamen_, London, 1880, p. 175. Soon after Haies, in the “Golden Hind,” reached England, after seeing Gilbert, in the “Squirrel,” disappear, _A True Reporte of the late Discoveries_ (London, 1583) came out, purporting on the titlepage to be by Gilbert; but Hakluyt, who reprinted it in 1589 and 1600, interpreted the initials G. P., of the Dedication, as those of Sir George Peckham, who had in his tract urged another attempt under Gilbert’s patent, as Captain Carlyle had done in his discourse just before Gilbert sailed, which was also reprinted in Hakluyt. See also Hakluyt’s _Westerne Planting_, ed. by Deane, p. 201; George Dexter’s _First Voyage of Gilbert_, p. 4. The Rev. Abiel Holmes, D.D., printed in _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ix. 49, a memoir of Parmenius the Hungarian, who went down in Gilbert’s largest ship.—ED.]

[365] _Principal Navigations_, iii. 246. [Also chapter iv. of the present volume.—ED.]

[366] Ibid., iii. 193.

[367] _A Briefe and true Relation of the Discouerie of the North part of Virginia; being a most pleasant, fruitfull, and commodious Soile. Made this present yeare, 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholomew Gilbert, and divers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable Knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, etc. Written by_ Mr. IOHN BRERETON, _one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a Treatise of_ Mr. EDWARD HAYES. 4º, London. Geor. Bishop, 1602.

[Of Brereton’s book there are copies in Harvard College Library (imperfect) and in Mr. S. L. M. Barlow’s collection. One in the Brinley sale, No. 280, was bought for $800 by Mr. C. H. Kalbfleisch of New York.

This narrative is followed in Strachey’s _Historie of Travaile_, book ii. ch. 6. Thornton in notes _c_ and _d_ to his speech “Colonial Schemes of Popham and Gorges,” at the Popham celebration, enumerates the evidences of the intended permanency of Gosnold’s settlement.

The site of Gosnold’s fort on Cuttyhunk was identified in 1797 (see Belknap’s _American Biography_), and again in 1817 (_North American Review_, v. 313) and 1848 (Thornton’s _Cape Anne_, p. 21).—ED.]

[368] 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. viii. This reprint was made from a manuscript copy sent from England by Colonel Aspinwall. _Proceedings_, ii. 116.

[369] _Purchas his Pilgrimes_, iv. 1651; also in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. [A French translation of the accounts of Gosnold’s and Pring’s voyages appeared at Amsterdam, in 1715, in Bernard’s _Receuil de Voiages au Nord_; and in 1720, in _Relations de la Louisiane, etc._—Sabin’s _Dictionary_, ii. p. 102.—ED.]

[370] [This _Versameling_ was issued in 1706-7 at Leyden in two forms, octavo and folio, from the same type, the octavo edition giving the voyages chronologically, the folio, by nations. It was reissued with a new title in 1727. Muller, _Books on America_, 1872, no. 1887; and 1877, no. 1. Sabin, _Dictionary_, i. 3.—ED.]

[371] This subject was first brought to the attention of students by a paper on “Gosnold and Pring,” read before the New England Historic Genealogical Society [by B. F. De Costa], portions of which were printed in the Society’s _Register_, 1878, p. 76. This shows the connection between the voyage of Gosnold and the letter of Verrazano. See also, “Cabo de Baxos, or the place of Cape Cod in the old Cartology,” in the _Register_, January, 1881 [by Dr. De Costa], and the reprint, revised. New York: T. Whittaker, 1881. Also Belknap’s _American Biography_, ii. 123.

[372] “_New England_ was originally a Part of that Tract Stiled _North-Virginia_, extending from _Norimbegua_ (as the old Geographers called all the continent beyond South-Virginia) to Florida, and including also _New York_, _Jersey_, Pensylvania, Maryland, Virginia, _and Carolina_. Though Sir _Walter Raleigh’s_ Adventures and Sir _Francis Drake’s_ were ashore in this Country, yet we find nothing very material or satisfactory either as to its Discovery or its Trade, till the Voyage made hither in 1602 by Captain _Gosnold_, who, having had some Notion of the Country from Sir _Francis Drake_, was the first Navigator who made any considerable Stay here, where he made a small Settlement, built a fort, and raised a Platform for six Guns.”—Bowen’s _Complete System of Geography_, London, 1747, ii. 666. [There is a long note on the landfall of Gosnold on the Maine coast, in Poor’s _Vindication of Gorges_, p. 30.—ED.]

[373] The relation of Pring’s voyage is derived from Purchas, iv. 1654 and v. 829, where it is attributed to Pring himself. [It should be noted that the identifying of Whitson Harbor with the modern Plymouth was first brought forward by Dr. De Costa in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, January, 1878. It has generally been held that Pring doubled Cape Cod, and reached what is now Edgartown Harbor in Martha’s Vineyard, or some roadstead in that region. Such is the opinion of Bancroft, i., cent. ed., 90; Palfrey, i. 78; Barry, i. 12; and Bryant and Gay, i. 266—all these following the lead of Belknap.—ED.]

[374] _Voyages and Travels_, London, 1742, ii. 222. See on Raleigh’s Patent, Palfrey’s _New England_, i. 81, _note_. [Also chapter iv. of the present volume.—ED.]

[375] _Divers voyages touching the discouerie of America and the Islands adiacent vnto the same, made first of all by our Englishmen, and afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons, etc., etc. Imprinted at London for Thomas Woodcocke, dwelling in paules Church-Yard, at the signe of the blacke beare_, 1582. [See further in the note following this chapter.—ED.]

[376] _The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or over Land, to the most remote and fartherest distant quarters of the Earth, etc. Imprinted at London by George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, Deputies to Christopher Barker, Printer to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie_, 1589. See further in the note following this chapter.—ED.

[377] _Virginia richly valued, By the description of the maine land of Florida, her next neighbor, etc., etc._ London, 1609.

[378] [See Editorial note, B, at the end of this chapter, and the chapter on “The Cabots.”—ED.]

[379] Hakluyt of Yatton. See _Divers Voyages_, ed. 1850, p. v. _note_.

[380] _American Biography_, ii. 135.

[381] Mr. McKeene in the _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. 307; _Hist. Mag._, i. 112.

[382] _Maine Hist. Coll._, vi. 291.

[383] _Memorial Volume_, published by the Maine Historical Society, p. 301. Other writers have treated the subject, or touched upon it in passing, and some from time to time have changed ground,—one blunder leading to another.

[Belknap had employed a well-known Massachusetts navigator, Captain John Foster Williams, to track the coast with an abstract of Rosier’s journal in hand. His theory, even of late years, has had some supporters like William Willis, in _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. 346. R. K. Sewall in his _Ancient Dominions of Maine_, 1859, and _Hist. Mag._, i. 188, follow McKeene; as does Dr. De Costa himself in the Introduction to his _Voyage to Sagadahoc_, and General Chamberlain in his _Maine, her place in History_. George Prince was the first to advocate the George’s River, and his views were furthered by David Cushman in the same volume of the _Maine Hist. Coll._ Prince, in 1860, reprinted Rosier’s _Narrative_, still presenting his view in notes to it.

This essay by Prince incited Cyrus Eaton, a local historian (whose story has been told touchingly by John L. Sibley in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiii. 438), to the writing of his _History of Thomaston, Rockland, and South Thomaston_, which he published at the age of eighty-one years, having prepared it under the disadvantage of total blindness. In this (ch. ii.) the theory of George’s River is sustained, as also in Johnson’s _Bristol, Bremen, and Pemaquid_, and in Bancroft. See p. 218.

More recent explorations to ascertain Waymouth’s anchorage are chronicled in the _Boston Daily Advertiser_, Aug. 23, 1879, and June 11, 1881.—ED.]

[384] The writer has two sketches of the mountains as seen from Monhegan; yet the _Maine Hist. Coll._, vi. 295, inform the reader that “the White Mountains with an elevation above the level of the sea of 6,600 feet, being distant 110 miles, could not on account of the curvature of the earth be seen from the deck of the “Archangel,” even with a naked eye.”

[385] 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 122.

[386] _The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia; expressing the cosmographie and comodities of the country, togither with the manners and customes of the people, gathered and observed as well by those who went first thither, as collected by William Strachey, Gent._ Edited by R. H. Major for the Hakluyt Society, London, 1849. p. 159.

[387] _Œuvres_, iii. 74. “Il nous dit qu’il y auoit un vaisseau à dix lieues du port, qui faisoit pesche de poisson, & que ceux de dedans auoient tué cinq sauuages d’icelle riuiere, soubs ombre amitié: & selon la façon qu’il nous despeignoit les gens du vaisseau, nous les lugeasmes estre Anglois, & nommasmes l’isle où ils estoient la nef: pour ce que de loing elle en auoit le semblance.”

[388] _A True Relation of the most prosperous voyage made this present yeare, 1605, by Captaine George Waymouth, in the Discouery of the Land of Virginia: where he discouered 60 miles of a most excellent River; together with a most fertile land. Written by Iames Rosier, a Gentleman employed in the voyage. Londini, Impensis Geor. Bishop, 1605._ [The copy of this tract in the Brinley sale, no. 280, was bought by Mr. C. H. Kalbfleisch, of New York, for $800. There are other copies in the New York Historical Society’s Library and in the private collection of Mr. S. L. M. Barlow.—ED.]

[389] Purchas, iv. 1659.

[390] 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 125. Mr. Sparks procured a transcript of the Grenville copy, and this was used by the printer in this reprint.

[391] _Pilgrimage_, London, 1614, p. 756.

[392] _A Brief Relation of the Discovery and Plantation of New England_, London, 1622, pp. 2-4.

[393] _Generall Historie of New England_, London, 1624, pp. 203-4.

[394] Sir Ferdinando Gorges’ _Briefe Narration of the Originall Undertakings of the advancement of plantations into the parts of America, especially showing the beginning, progress, and continuance of that of New England_, London, 1658, pp. 8-10. When first published, Sir Ferdinando had been dead some years, and his grandson, Ferdinando Gorges, Esq., included it in a general work, _America Painted to the Life_, etc.

[395] Fourth Series, i. 219.

[396] _Maine Hist. Coll._, iii. 286, with an introduction by W. S. Bartlet.

[397] _A Relation of a Voyage to Sagadahoc, now first printed from the original manuscript in the Lambeth Palace Library_, edited with preface, notes, and appendix, by the Rev. B. F. De Costa. Cambridge, John Wilson & Son, University Press, 1880. [The Preface reviews the story of the settlement; and the Appendix reprints the extracts from Gorges, Smith, Purchas, and Alexander, from which, previous to the publication of Strachey’s account, all knowledge of the colony was derived.—ED.]

[398] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xviii. (1880-1881) 82, 117.

[399] Smith’s _Generall Historie_, p. 203.

[400] [The literary history of this controversy is traced more minutely in the Editorial note C, at the end of this chapter.—ED.]

[401] [The Gorges papers, which might prove so valuable, have not been discovered. Dr. Woods examined some called such, in Sir Thomas Phillipps’s collection, but they proved unimportant. Hakluyt, _Westerne Planting_, Introduction, p. xx. The grant from James I. to Gorges, April 10, 1606, covering the coast from 34° to 45° north latitude, and which was afterwards the cause of not a little controversy with the Massachusetts colonists, is given in Hazard’s _Historical Collections_, i. 442, and in Poor’s _Vindication of Gorges_, p. 110.—ED.]

[402] See _Nova Britannia_, London, 1609, p. 1, no. vi., p. 11, in _Force’s Tracts_, vol. i.

[403] It should also be observed that Captain John Mason says: “Certain Hollanders began a trade, about 1621, upon the coast of New England, between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay, in 40° north latitude, granted to Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584, and afterwards confirmed and divided by agreement by King James, in 1606. The plantations in Virginia have been settled about forty years; in New England about twenty-five years. The Hollanders came as interlopers between the two, and have published a map of the coast between Virginia and Cape Cod, with the title of “New Netherlands.” _Calendar of State-papers_ (Colonial), 1574, p. 166, by Sainsbury, London, 1860, p. 143, under April 2 (1632?). Mason is in error respecting the beginning of the Dutch trade, which was in 1598.

[404] For studies and speculations concerning Sabino, Monhegan, Penobscot, and other names found in Maine, see Dr. Ballard in the _Report of the United States Coast Survey_, 1848, p. 243. Also Williamson’s _History of Maine_, i. 61, and the Rev. Dr. Henry Martyn Dexter’s edition of _Mourt’s Relation_, p. 83. [See Dr. Ballard on the location of Sasanoa’s River in _Hist. Mag._, xiii. 164.—ED.]

[405] Published by the Hakluyt Society in their volume edited by Asher, and entitled _Henry Hudson the Navigator_, London, 1860, p. 45. See also Read’s _Historical Inquiry concerning Henry Hudson_, etc., 1866, with the _Sailing Directions of Henry Hudson, prepared for his use in 1608, from the Old Danish of Ivar Bardsen, with an introduction and notes; also a dissertation on the Discovery of the Hudson River_, by B. F. De Costa, Albany, Joel Munsell, 1869. Also, Petitot’s _Memoires_, vol. xx. 141, 232, 421. [See further in ch. x. of the present volume.—ED.]

[406] Purchas, iv. 1758 and 1664.

[407] Purchas, iv. 1827.

[408] _Brief Narration_, c. xiv. See also Pinkerton’s _Voyages_, xiii. 206.

[409] See Biard’s Letter in Carayon’s _Première Mission_, p. 62.

[410] _Relations des Jésuites_, Quebec, 1858, 3 vols., vol. i. p. 44.

[411] _Colonial State Papers_, 1574, vol. i. articles 18 and 25, 1613.

[412] For authorities see Champlain’s _Œuvres_, iii. 17; also, Lescarbot’s _Nouvelle France_, ed. 1618, lib. iv. c. 13. A translation of the narrative of Father Biard is given in _Scenes in the Isle of Mount Desert_, by B. F. De Costa, New York, 1869. [Further accounts of these proceedings will be given in Vol. IV. of the present history.—ED.]

[413] See _A Description of New England: or The Observations and Discoueries of Captain Iohn Smith (Admirall of that Country), in the North of America, in the year of our Lord 1614: with the successe of sixe Ships that went out the next yeare, 1615, and the accidents befell him among the French men of Warre: with the proofe of the present benefit this countrey affoords, whither this present yeare, 1616, eight voluntary ships are gone to make further Tryall. At London printed by Humfrey Lownes for Robert Clerke; and are to be sould at his house called the Lodge, in Chancery lane, ouer against Lincolnes Inne, 1616._ Also _The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles ... from their first beginning An^o. 1584, to the present, 1626_. London, 1632. [See note D, at the end of this chapter.—ED.]

[414] _Brief Narration_, in _Maine Hist. Coll._, ii. 27, and Dexter’s _Mourt’s Relation_, p. 86.

[415] _Generall Historie._

[416] Bradford’s _Plimouth Plantation_ in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii. 95. _Mourt’s Relation_ says that Hunt took seven Indians from Cape Cod. Dexter’s _Mourt’s Relation_, p. 86. Dermer says that Squanto was captured in Maine.

[417] See the Hakluyt Society’s publication, edited by Markham, _The Hawkins Voyages_, 1878.

[418] See the letter in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 248; and the Cotton Manuscripts, British Museum. Also Neill’s _Colonization_, p. 91.

[419] Gorges in _Brief Narration_, ch. xiv., and _New England’s Trials_, p. 11, in Force’s _Tracts_. _Briefe Relation of the President and Council_, Purchas, iv. 1830; also in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, i. Prince’s _New England Chronology_, Boston, 1736, p. 64, and Dermer’s letter in 2 _New York Hist. Coll._, i. 350.

[420] _Doc. Hist. of New York_, i. [This is a map “Della nuova Belgia è parte della nuova Anglia,” of which a portion is given in fac-simile in chapter ix. of the present volume. The editor of the _Doc. Hist._ gives no clew to its origin, but it can be traced to Carta II., in Robert Dudley’s _Dell Arcano del Mare_, Firenze, 1647.—ED.] See, on the tourists in the New World, _Verrazano the Explorer_, p. 65.

[421] [It may be worth mentioning that the map in the _Libro di Benedetto Bordone_, 1528, gives “Norbegia” as the form of the name. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, no. 91. The matter will be further considered in connection with the French explorers in another volume.—ED.]

[422] [It is described in the _Catalogue of the MS. Maps, etc., in the British Museum_, 1844, i. 23; and map no. 17 shows the east coast of North America from 6° N. to 51° N.; and no. 20, both hemispheres. Malte Brun describes it in his _Histoire de la Géographie_, Ed. Huot., i. 631.—ED.]

[423] [See further on this map in the chapter on “The Cabots,” where a fac-simile is given.—ED.]

[424] This map embraces the country from Newfoundland to Florida, showing a part of the Gulf of Mexico. It is found in a collection of eleven beautifully executed maps, bound in one large volume, preserved in the British Museum. [Cf. Kohl’s _Maps, Charts, etc., mentioned in Hakluyt_, 1857, p. 16; and Collinson’s _Frobisher’s Voyages_, published by the Hakluyt Society.—ED.] See _Verrazano the Explorer_, New York, 1880, p. 56. This map shows the _Euripi_ of Nicholas of Lynn. See _Inventio Fortunata_.

[425] _The Private Diary of John Dee_, edited by Halliwell, and published by the Camden Society, 1842, P. 5. [This diary is written on the margins of old almanacs, which were discovered in the Ashmolean Museum. Halliwell calls Disraeli’s account of Dee, in his _Amenities of Literature_, correct and able. Winsor’s _Halliwelliana_, p. 5.—ED.]

[426] [It measures 3¾ by 2¼ inches; and is carefully drawn on vellum, and accompanied by another, sketchily drawn, of the same date. _Catalogue of MS. Maps, etc., in the British Museum_, 1844, i. 30.—ED.]

[427] Dee’s _Diary_, p. 16, and Hakluyt, iii.

[428] [We can only regret that Gilbert’s “cardes and plats that were drawn with the due gradation of the harbours, bayes, and capes, did perish with the admirall.” Haies in Hakluyt.—ED.]

[429] See reproduction in the _Historical and Geographical Notes_ of Henry Stevens, 1869, and another in chapter i. of the present volume. [A fac-simile has also been separately issued in London, worth about thirty shillings. The map, which is a considerable advance on earlier maps and shows the English tracks down to about 1584, is dedicated to Hakluyt by F. G. (initials which have so far concealed the true name), and is so rarely found in copies that its presence more than doubles the value of the book, which without it may be put at eight guineas. Fifty years ago a good copy with a genuine map was not worth more than four guineas,—now twenty guineas. Rich’s _Catalogue_, 1632, No. 68. The _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, No. 370, does not show the map.—ED.]

[430] _Atlas zur Entdeckungsgeschichte Amerikas_, by Kunstmann and others, Munich, 1859, Plate xiii. [The original is said, in Markham’s _Davis’s Voyages_, p. 361, to be preserved in Dudley’s own copy of the _Arcano del Mare_, at Florence. The large map of 1593 in _Historiarum Indicarum Libri xvi_. _Maffeii_, also gives place to Norumbega; as does Wytfliet’s edition of _Ptolemy_, 1597. The _Speculum Orbis-terrarum_ of Cornelius de Judaeis, published at Antwerp, 1593, has a map, “Americæ pars borealis, Florida, Baccalaos, Canada, Corterealis.” The German edition of Acosta, 1598, gives a map of Norumbega and Virginia, making them continuous. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, nos. 517, 520.—ED.]

[431] Preserved in the Library of the Middle Temple. A tracing is in possession of the writer, from which a sketch of a section is given in note E, following this chapter.

[432] [See note F, at the end of this chapter.—ED.]

[433] See _Cabo de Baxos, or the Place of Cape Cod, in the old Cartology_, by B. F. De Costa, New York, 1881, p. 7.