Chapter XIII: The English in Maryland, 1632-1691 (10)

[563] See _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 286, 397, 414; and xi. 148; also a full account of Hutchinson’s publications in Ibid., February, 1857; cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, xi. 22. A correspondence between Hutchinson and Dr. Stiles, upon his history, is printed in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1872, pp. 159, 230.

[564] Cf. a Memoir of Minot, in _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. viii.

[565] A fourth volume, carrying the record to 1741, was published in 1875; and since Dr. Palfrey’s death a fifth volume has been announced for publication under the editing of his son.

[566] Good copies of the original folio edition, with the map, bring high prices. One of Brinley’s copies, said to be on large paper (though the present writer has a copy by his side much larger), brought $110. The Menzies copy (no. 1,353) sold for $125. See “The Light shed upon Mather’s Magnalia by his Diary” in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, December, 1862, pp. 402-414; Moses Coit Tyler, _History of American Literature_, ii. 80-83. Of the map, Dr. Douglass says (i. 362): “Dr. Cotton Mather’s map of New England, New York, Jerseys, and Pennsylvania is composed from some old rough drafts of the first discoveries, with obsolete names not known at this time, and has scarce any resemblance of the country. It may be called a very erroneous, antiquated map.” [See Editor’s note following this chapter. For some notes on the Mather Library, see _Memorial History of Boston_, vol. i. p. xviii. The annexed portrait of Mather resembles the mezzotint, of which a reduced fac-simile is given in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 208, and which is marked COTTONUS MATHERUS, _Ætatis suæ LXV_, MDCCXXVII. _P. Pelham ad vivum pinxit ab origine fecit et excud._ Its facial lines, however, are stronger and more characteristic. It may be the reduction made by Sarah Moorhead from the painting, thus mentioned by Pelham, for the purpose of the engraving. It is to be observed, however, that the surroundings of the portrait are different in the engraving. This same outline, but reversed, characterizes a portrait of Mather, which belongs to the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, and which is said to be by Pelham. Paine’s _Portraits, etc., in Worcester_, no. 5; W. H. Whitmore’s _Peter Pelham_, 1867, p. 6, where the Pelham engraving is called the earliest yet found to be ascribed to that artist.—ED.]

[567] See what Beverly says of him in the Preface to his _History of Virginia_, 1722. The numerous maps in his book were made by Herman Moll, a well-known cartographer of that day. Oldmixon’s name appears only to the dedication prefixed to the first edition.

[568] _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. nos. 281, 855; and 510, for the Bishop of Winchester’s examination of Neal’s _History of the Puritans_.

[569] [These supplementary parts have been reprinted in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vii. It was republished in Boston in 1826, edited by Nathan Hale. Mr. S. G. Drake, having some sheets of this edition on hand, reissued it in 1852, with a new titlepage, and with a memoir of Prince and some plates, etc., inserted. It has been again reprinted in Edward Arber’s _English Garner_, 1877-80, vol. ii. Prince’s own copy, with his manuscript notes, is noted in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 350. Mr. Deane has several sheets of the original manuscript of this work.—ED.]

[570] A memoir of Dr. Douglass, by T. L. Jennison, M.D., was published in _Medical Communications of the Massachusetts Medical Society_, vol. v. part ii., Boston, 1831. Cf. _Memorial History of Boston_, Index; Sabin, v. 502; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 899.

[571] [This is reprinted in full in Force’s _Tracts_, ii. It was printed in 1630, and original copies are in Mr. Deane’s and in the Lenox libraries; cf. also _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 373, 2,704; _Crowninshield Catalogue_, no. 744; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 371.—ED.]

[572] [The Journal of Higginson, which is a relation of his voyage, 1629, is in Hutchinson’s _Collection of Papers_, and an imperfect manuscript which that historian used is in the Cabinet of the Historical Society. His _New England’s Plantation_ is reprinted in Young’s _Chronicles_; in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Coll._, iii. 79; in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii.; and in _Mass. Hist, Coll._, vol. i. The narrative covers the interval from July to September, 1629, and three editions were issued in 1630; the Lenox Library has the three, and Harvard College Library has two,—one imperfect. Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), nos. 186, 191; _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 312; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. nos. 362, 363; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 927 ($66.)—ED.]

[573] [This, besides being in Young’s _Chronicles_, can be found in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii., with notes by John Farmer; and in the _N. H. Hist. Coll._, vol. iv., following a manuscript more extended than the text given on its first appearance in print in _Massachusetts, or the First Planters_; 1696, copies of which are noted in the Prince (p. 37) and Carter-Brown (vol. ii. no. 1,494) catalogues.—ED.]

[574] [This tract was reprinted in Boston in 1865, and also in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii. There are copies of the original in Mr. Deane’s, Harvard College, and the Carter-Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 379) libraries. Cf. the editorial note at the end of chap. vi., and _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. 50.—ED.]

[575] The volume was reissued in 1635, 1639, and 1764. The Prince Society reprinted the volume in 1865, with a prefatory address by the present writer. [Copies of the original edition are noted in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. no 421 (later editions, nos. 433, 469); and _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 377. Cf. also Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), no. 296, and (1844) priced at £1 8_s._ Mr. Deane’s copy of the _first_ edition has ninety-eight pages, besides the Indian words. The Rice copy brought $200. Cf. _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 2,187. The second and third editions had each eighty-three pages, besides an appendix of Indian words. The 1764 edition has an anonymous introduction, perhaps by Nathaniel Rogers (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, November, 1862) or James Otis (Ibid., September, 1862). Mr. Deane reprints this preface.—ED.]

[576] Mr. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., recently prepared a new edition of Morton’s book for publication by the Prince Society. It is accompanied by a memoir of Morton.

[577] [There has been a strange amount of misdating in respect to this book. The _Mondidier Catalogue_ (Henry Stevens) gives it, “Printed by W. S. Stansby for Rob. Blount, 1625.” (Sabin, _Dictionary_, xii. 51,028.) The _Sunderland Catalogue_, iv. no. 8,684, gives it 1627,—a date followed by Quaritch in a later catalogue. Cf. Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), no. 218; (1844), priced at £1 8_s._; Menzies, no. 1,440, $160; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 443; _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 80. It is included in Force’s _Tracts_, ii.—ED.]

[578] His tract of twenty-three pages is entitled _A True Relation of the Late Battell fought in New England between the English and the Salvages_, etc., London, 1637. [There was a reissue in 1638 of the first edition, and a second edition the same year, which last is in Harvard College and the Prince libraries. There is an account of Vincent by Hunter in 4 _Coll._, i. Cf. Rich (1832), _Catalogue_, no. 221; _Crowninshield Catalogue_, no. 766; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 448, 461, 462; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,606.—ED.]

[579] His tract was entitled, _Newes from America_, etc., London, 1638. [There is a copy in Harvard College Library and in Charles Deane’s. Cf. also, Rich (1832), no. 220, and _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 460, with fac-simile of title.—ED.]

[580] [It was again reprinted in a volume on the _Mohegan Case_ in 1796 (cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 2,085; Menzies, 1,338, $40); and afterward, following Prince’s edition, in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 120; and in New York by Sabin, in 1869. Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,021. Cf. references on Mason in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 253.—ED.]

[581] It is also reprinted in some copies of Dodge’s edition of Penhallow’s _Indian Wars_ Cincinnati, 1859. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, vii. 165; and accounts of Gardiner in Thompson’s _Long Island_, i. 305, and 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, x. 173.

Further references on the Pequot War will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 255; and in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, May, 1860, will be found a letter from Jonathan Brewster describing its outbreak.—ED.

[582] [More extensive references will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 176, and _Harvard College Library Bulletin_, no. 11, p. 287.—ED.]

[583] See Hutchinson, i. 435.

[584] [Ward is better known, however, by his _Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America_, which passed through four editions in London in 1647,—a rarity now worth six or seven pounds; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 624; _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, 2,351; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 2,038, etc. It was not reprinted in Boston till 1713, and again, edited by David Pulsifer, in 1843. Mr. John Ward Dean published a good memoir of Ward in 1868. The book in question is no further historical than that it illustrates the length to which good people could go in vindication of intolerance, in days when Antinomianism and other aggressive views were troubling many.—ED.]

[585] [The _Abstract_ is also in Force’s _Tracts_, iii. A note on the bibliography of the subject will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 145. Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, p. 108; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 483; Sabin, no. 52,595. Mr. Deane has a copy.—ED.]

[586] A list of books there printed from 1540 to 1599 may be seen in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 131-135.

[587] [Something of its bibliographical history is told with references in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 458-460. Of two copies of the original edition there mentioned, one, the Fiske copy, is now in the Carter-Brown library (_Catalogue_, ii. 470); another, the Vanderbilt copy, has since been burned in New York.—ED.]

[588] For a list of Daye’s and Green’s books see Thomas’s _History of Printing_, 2d ed.; and other references to the early history of the press in New England will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. ch. 14.

[589] It was reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii. A new edition, with learned notes and an introduction by the editor, Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, was published in Boston in 1867. [A portion of the manuscript is in the cabinet of the Historical Society, and a fac-simile of a page of it is given herewith, together with the accompanying statement on the manuscript in the hand of the learned Boston antiquary, James Savage, of whom there is a memoir by G. S. Hillard in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 117. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, i. 81. The autograph of Lechford is from another source. The Ebeling copy is certainly no longer unique, though the book is rare enough to have been priced recently in London at $75. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, x. 158; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 506, 545; _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 322; Menzies, no. 1,202. There is a note-book of Lechford preserved in the American Antiquarian Society’s Cabinet.—ED.]

[590] [A portrait of Cotton of somewhat doubtful authenticity, together with references on his life, will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 157.—ED.]

[591] [The best bibliographical record of the books in Cotton’s controversy with Williams, as indeed of most of the points of this present essay, is the appendix of Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; a briefer survey, grouping the books in their relations, is in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 172. See a later page under “Rhode Island.”—ED.]

[592] This is the earliest edition of this famous book; and I know of but two copies of it,—one before me, and one in the Thomason Library in the British Museum. Mr. Arthur Ellis, in his _History of the First Church in Boston_, has given a fac-simile of the titlepage. An edition was printed at Cambridge in 1656, of which a copy is in the library of the late George Livermore.

[593] Palfrey, _New England_, ii. 184.

[594] In 1725 the _Results of Three Synods ... of the Churches of Massachusetts_, 1648, 1662, _and_ 1669, was reprinted in Boston. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. no. 362.

[595] A copy of the rare first edition is in the library of the American Antiquarian Society, from which twenty copies were reprinted by Mr. Hoadly, Secretary of State of Connecticut, in 1858. The important subject of this confederation is sufficiently illustrated in a lecture by John Quincy Adams, in 1843, published in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ix. 187. [See references to reprints of the articles, and notes on the Confederacy in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 299.—ED.]

[596] Copies of Winslow’s book are very rare, and are worth probably one hundred dollars or more, being rarely seen in the market. [There are copies in the Carter-Brown Library (_Catalogue_, ii. 600, with fac-simile of title), and in Mr. Deane’s collection. The second edition appears in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 691.—ED.] Gorton’s book, also rare, has been reprinted by Judge Staples, with learned notes, in the _Rhode Island Historical Society’s Collections_, vol. ii. [and is also in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iv. There are copies in the Prince, Charles Deane, Carter-Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 589, with a long note), and Harvard College libraries. Cf. also Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vii. 352, and _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 578.—ED.] While writing this note there has come to my hand no. 17 of Mr. S. S. Rider’s _Rhode Island Historical Tracts_, containing “A Defence of Samuel Gorton and the Settlers of Shawomet,” by George A. Brayton. See other authorities noted in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 171, and in Bartlett’s _Bibliography of Rhode Island_.

[597] Child’s book was reprinted in part in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iv. 107. It was reprinted in 1869 by William Parsons Lunt, with notes by W. T. R. Marvin. A copy of the original edition is in the library of the Boston Athenæum, and in that of John Carter Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 608), which also has a copy of Winslow’s _New England’s Salamander_ (_Catalogue_, ii. 623), and there is another in Harvard College Library. This is also reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ii. 110. The Remonstrance and Petition of Child and others, and the Declaration in answer thereto, may be seen in Hutchinson’s _Papers_, p. 188 _et seq_.

[598] [For an account of this book and its history, and much relating to the embodiment of the Indian speech in literary form, see Dr. J. H. Trumbull’s chapter on “The Indian Tongue and the Literature fashioned by Eliot and others,” in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 465, with references there noted.—ED.]

[599] That part relating to the college was published in an early volume of the _Collections_ of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

[600] The originals of these tracts, with one exception, are in the possession of the writer, and they are for the most part in the Carter-Brown Library; and seven of them are published in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. iv. [Further bibliographical detail can be found in Dr. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; Sabin, _Dictionary_; Dr. Trumbull’s _Brinley Catalogue_, p. 52; Field’s _Indian Bibliography; Memorial History of Boston_, i. 265, etc.; and more or less of the titles appear in the Menzies (nos. 1,475, 1,815, 1,816, 2,124, 2,125), O’Callaghan (nos. 852, etc.), and Rich (1832, nos. 237, 261, 263, 273, 280, 287, 292, 304, 316, 355) catalogues. Some of these Eliot tracts were used in compiling the postscript on the “Gospel’s Good Successe in New England,” appended to a book _Of the Conversion of ... Indians_, London, 1650 (Sabin, xiii. 56,742). Eliot’s own _Briefe Narrative_ (1670) of his labors has been reprinted in Boston, and in the appendix of the reprint is a list of the writers on the subject. Letters of Eliot, dated 1651-52, on his labors, are in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1882. For an alleged portrait of Eliot and references, see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 260, 261. A better engraving has since appeared in the _Century Magazine_, 1883.—ED.]

[601] [Some copies of the second edition have a dedication to Robert Boyle and the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians, signed by William Stoughton, Joseph Dudley, Peter Bulkley, and Thomas Hinckley.

Eliot was assisted in this second edition by John Cotton, of Plymouth, son of the Boston minister; and the type was in part set for both editions by James Printer, an Indian taught to do the work. There is a notice of Boyle by C. O. Thompson in the _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1882, p. 54; and one of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, by G. D. Scull, in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, April, 1882, p. 157. Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, viii. 552. A portion of the original manuscript records of the society (1655-1685) were described in Stevens’s _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 1,399, and brought in the sale $265. The bibliographical history of the Indian Bible is given in Dr. Trumbull’s chapter in the _Memorial History of Boston_, as before noted.]

[602] A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, and another in the possession of the writer.

[603] See the list of Norton’s and Pynchon’s publications in Sabin’s _Dictionary_.

[604] _A journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts and the other New-England Colonies, from the year 1630 to 1644.... Now first published from a correct copy of the original manuscript._ Hartford, 1790.

[605] _The History of New England from 1630 to 1649. From his original manuscripts. With Notes to illustrate the Civil and Ecclesiastical concerns, the Geography, Settlement, and Institutions of the Country, and the Lives and Manners of the principal Planters._ By James Savage. Boston, 1825-26. 2 vols. New ed., with additions and corrections. Boston, 1853. 2 vols.

[606] [For other details and references see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. xvii.—ED.]

[607] A curious bibliographical question is connected with a later issue of the volume as bound up with several of the Gorges tracts, for the discussion of which see the Introduction to Mr. W. F. Poole’s valuable edition of Johnson’s book, Andover, 1867, pp. li-vi; with which cf. _North American Review_, January, 1868, pp. 323-328; and _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1881, pp. 432-35. [Geo. H. Moore printed some strictures on Poole’s edition in _Historical Magazine_, xiii. 87. Cf. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 771, 851; and other references in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 463.—ED.]

[608] It was republished in fragmentary parts in several volumes of the Massachusetts Historical Society’s _Collections_, second series.

[609] It is reprinted in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. ii., from a copy of the rare original in the Carter-Brown Library.

[610] Charles Lamb speaks of the book in his _Elia_ under “A Quaker Meeting.”

[611] [The literature of the Quaker controversy is extensive and intricate in its bearings.

It can best be followed in Mr. J. Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, and in his _Anti-Quakeriana_. Dr. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_, and the _Brinley_ and _Carter-Brown Catalogues_ will assist the student. The 1703 edition of Bishope’s _New England Judged_, abridged in some ways and enlarged in others, contains also John Whiting’s _Truth and Innocencey Defended_, which is an answer in part to portions of Cotton Mather’s _Magnalia_; cf. also the note in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 187. There were a few of the prominent men at the time who dared to protest boldly against the unwise actions of the magistrates; and of such none were more prominent than James Cudworth, of Plymouth Colony, and Robert Pike, of Salisbury. The conduct of the latter has been commemorated in James S. Pike’s _New Puritan_, New York, 1879.—ED.

[612] For their titles see Thomas’s _History of Printing_, 2d ed. vol. ii. pp. 313-315; the bibliographical list in Dr. H. M. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_, whose work may also be consulted for a history of the subject itself; Mather’s _Magnalia_, v. 64 _et seq._; Upham’s _Ratio Disiplinæ_, p. 223; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chaps. xiii. and xix. of vol. i.; Hutchinson, i. 223-24; Wisner’s _History of the Old South Church in Boston_, pp. 5-7; Bacon’s _Discourses_, pp. 139-141.

[613] [Mr. Tuckerman revised his notes and introduction in a reprint, published by Veazie in Boston in 1865. The _Voyages_, which had been reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii., was also reissued in 1865 in a companion volume to the _Rarities_, the text being corrected from a copy of the “second addition,” 1675, in Harvard College Library. The earlier book usually brings £3 or £4, the later one from £5 to £10. Both are in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,080, 1,104. Cf. Sabin, ix. 340; Menzies, 1,104, 1,105.—ED.]

[614] [It is further characterized in Vol. IV., chap. x.—ED.]

[615] There are at least eight titles in this interesting list:—

1. _The Present State of New England with respect to the Indian War_, 1675 (19 pages), purporting to be by a merchant of Boston.

2. _A Briefe and True Narration of the late Wars_, 1675 (8 pages); cf. Sabin, vol. xiii. nos. 52,616, 52,638.

3. _A Continuation of the State of New England_, 1676 (20 pages).

4. _A New and Further Narrative of the State of New England_, 1676 (14 pages), signed N. T.

5. _A True Account of the most considerable Occurences that have hapned in the War_, 1676 (14 pages).

6. _New England’s Tears for her present Miseries_, 1676 (14 pages).

7. _News from New England_, 1676 (6 pages). Sabin only records one copy; and of a second edition, 1676, there are copies in the British Museum and Carter-Brown libraries.

8. _The War in New England visibly Ended_, 1677 (6 pages), containing news of the death of Philip, brought by Caleb More, master of a vessel newly arrived from Rhode Island.

[These tracts are all in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii., and several are in Mr. Deane’s collection, and in Harvard College Library. Rich supposed that nos. 1, 3, and 4 were written by the same person. Five of them were reprinted by S. G. Drake in his _Old Indian Chronicle_ in 1836, and again in 1867, with new notes; and no. 7 was reprinted in 1850 by Drake, and in 1865 by Woodward. Sabin, xiii. 321, 322.

These tracts are priced at twelve and eighteen shillings, and at similarly high sums, even in Rich’s catalogues of fifty years ago. Whenever they have occurred in sales of late years they have proved the occasion of much competition and unusual prices. Cf. Stevens’s _Hist. Coll._, i. 1523, 1524.

Another contemporary account by a Rhode Island Quaker, as it is thought, John Easton, was printed at Albany in 1858, as a _Narrative of the Causes which led to Philip’s War_. Cf. Palfrey, iii. 180; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, p. 479.

Mr. Drake, whose name is closely associated with our Indian history, was one of the foremost of American antiquaries for many years. There is a memoir of him by W. B. Trask in _Potter’s American Monthly_, v. 729; and another in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1863, by J. H. Sheppard, also separately issued. In 1874 he printed _Narrative Remarks_, anonymously, embodying some personal grievances and notes of his career, not pleasantly expressed. For his publications, see Sabin’s _Dictionary_, v. 526, and Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, p. 452.—ED.]

[616] John Foster had now set up a press in Boston, for the history of which and its successors see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 453.

[617] [Rich in 1832, no. 368, priced it, either edition, at eighteen shillings. It was a quarto of 51 pages. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,150; Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, 1,022; _Brinley Catalogue_, 948, 5,531. It has of late years brought about $80. S. G. Drake included this and the section of the _Magnalia_ on the war in his _History of King Philip’s War_, 1862. Another book by Mather, _A Relation of the Troubles which have hapned in New England_, etc., was also printed in 1676, and traces the Indian wars from 1641, including the causes of Philip’s War. Drake also reprinted this in 1864, as the _Early History of New England_.—ED.]

[618] [King Philip’s War, which was but the beginning of a long series of wars which devastated the frontiers, may be said properly to end with the treaty of Casco, April 12, 1678, which is preserved in the _Massachusetts Archives_; though a continuation of hostilities intervened till the treaty of Portsmouth, Sept. 8, 1685. Cf. Belknap’s _New Hampshire_, p. 348.—ED.]

[619] [Rich priced this book in 1832 (no. 375) at £1 10_s._,—an extraordinary high sum for those days. I have seen the London edition priced recently at £26, and $75; and the Boston edition in the Menzies sale (no. 990) brought $200. It was reprinted in New England at least six times (all spurious editions) between 1775 and 1814 (_Brinley Catalogue_, 5,523, etc.; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,167, 1,168, 1,170); and S. G. Drake brought out an annotated edition in two volumes in 1865. Cf. _Hist. Mag._, i. 252, 348; ii. 62.

Perhaps the most popular book touching the events of the war was one which was not published till 1716, from notes of Colonel Benjamin Church, and compiled by that hero’s son, Thomas Church, and called _Entertaining Passages relating to Philip’s War_. It is an extremely scarce book, and has brought $400. (_Brinley Catalogue_, no. 383; Sabin, _Dictionary_, no. 12,996; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, iii. 293.) A second edition, Newport, 1772, is said to have been edited by Dr. Stiles, but it is not supposed he was privy to the fraud practised in that edition of presenting an engraving of the portrait of Charles Churchill, the English poet, with the addition of a powder-horn slung over the shoulder, as a likeness of Church. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xix. 243; also iii. 293; and _Hist. Mag._, December, 1868, pp. 27, 271.) Drake first reissued it in 1827, and made stereotype plates of the book, and they have been much used since. He continued to use the spurious portrait as late as 1857. Sabin, iv. 12,996; Brinley, no. 5,514. Dr. H. M. Dexter did all that is necessary for the text in his edition (two volumes) in 1865-67. Another class of books growing out of the war during its long continuance, particularly at the eastward, is what collectors know as “captivities,” the most famous of which is, perhaps, that of Mrs. Rowlandson, of Lancaster, printed in 1682. The _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 469, 5,540, etc., groups them, and they are scattered through Field’s _Indian Bibliography_. The _Brinley Catalogue_ also groups the works on the Indian wars of New England (nos. 382, etc.); and a condensed exposition of the authorities on Philip’s War will be found in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 327. The local aspects of the war involve a very large amount of citation and reference. What are known as the “Narragansett Townships” grew out of the war. Before the troops marched from Dedham Plain, Dec. 9, 1675, they were promised “a gratuity of land beside their wages,” and not till 1737 were the promises fulfilled, when 840 claimants or their representatives met on Boston Common, and dividing themselves into seven groups, they took possession of seven townships in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, granted by the General Court. _New England Historical and Genealogical Register_, 1862, pp. 143, 216.—ED.

[620] For reference to the recovery of the preface and other missing lines, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 12, 38, 100; also, cf. i. 243; ii. 421; iii. 321. Hubbard, besides the above aid, had a large number of official documents which he incorporated into his _History_. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, viii. 499; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 730.

[621] [Mr. Whitmore also epitomized the history with references in the _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. chap. i. Cf. also _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,351, 1,370, 1,372, 1,388, 1,398, 1,400, 1,403, 1,408, 1,420, 1,421.—ED.]

[622] A copy of Dudley’s commission (Oct. 8, 1685) has been recently printed in 5 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ix. 145.

[623] [Dr. N. B. Shurtleff, an eager Boston antiquary, died in that city, Oct. 17, 1874, and his library was sold at auction, Nov. 30, 1875, etc.—ED.]

[624] The preface of the _Memorial History_ enumerates the sources of Boston’s history.

[625] [A law was placed on the statute book of Massachusetts in 1854, by which towns may legally appropriate money for publishing their histories. The authorities on the town system of New England are cited in W. E. Foster’s _Reference Lists_, July, 1882.—ED.]

[626] [The different keys to the genealogy of New England are indicated in _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. Introduction.—ED.]

[627] “Maine” took its name probably from the early designation, by the sailors and fishermen, of the main land—that is, “the main,”—in distinction from the numerous islands on the coast. See Weymouth’s “Voyage,” in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 132, 151; Palfrey, i. 525; _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, i. 371. The earliest use of the name, officially employed, that I have met with, is in the grant to Gorges and Mason of Aug. 10, 1622, which recites that the patentees, “by consent of the President and Council, intend to name it the _Province of Maine_.” See the _Popham Memorial Volume_, p. 122. This grant was never made use of, but the name was inserted in the royal charter to Gorges of April 3, 1639, which secured its future use. Sullivan’s _Maine_, Appendix, 399. The territory had been previously included in the European designations of Baccalaos and Norumbega. The Indian name was Mavooshen. See Purchas, iv., 1873; _Maine Hist. Coll._, i. 16, 17.

[628] These manuscripts were made use of by Dr. Belknap in writing his _History of New Hampshire_, and are now all printed in the _Provincial Papers_ of that State, vol. i., 1867, edited by the late Nathaniel Bouton.

The grant of Aug. 10, 1622, is printed in Poor’s _Ferdinando Gorges_, from the _Colonial Entry Book_, p. 101, no. 59. An account of the voyage of the barque “Warwick,” in 1630, which brought Captain Neal to be governor for the Company, is given in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1867, p. 223.

[629] Citations are made from them by Folsom in his _History of Saco and Biddeford_, pp. 49-52. The original manuscript is among the old county of York records at Alfred. The commission to Sir Ferdinando Gorges as governor of New England, 1637, is printed in Poor’s _Gorges_, p. 127. For his deed to Edgecombe, 1637, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, ii. 74.

[630] See _Massachusetts Archives_, Miscellanies, i. 130.

[631] These old Maine records have all been removed to the county town of Alfred, and they have never been printed. Extracts from time to time have been published, as by Folsom above, and by Willis in vol. i. of his _History of Portland_, who gives a description, from Judge David Sewall, of the manner in which the original records were made and kept. The charter of incorporation of Acomenticus as a town, April 10, 1641, and the charter of Gorgeana as a city, March 1, 1642, were among the papers which Hazard found at old York, and printed in his _Collection_, vol. i. Cf. “Sir Robert Carr in Maine,” in _Magazine of American History_, September, 1882, p. 623; and a paper on Gorgeana in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1881, p. 42.

[632] [Cf. _Historical Magazine_, ii. 286, and Note B to chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.]

[633] [Mr. Somerby, a native of Massachusetts, who died in London in 1872, did much during a long sojourn in England to further the interests of American antiquaries and genealogists. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 340. Colonel Joseph L. Chester also for many years filled a prominent place in similar work in England, till his death in 1882. A portrait and notice of him by John T. Latting is in the _New York Genealogical and Biographical Record_, 1882; also issued separately: Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, January, 1883, p. 106.—ED.]

[634] [The deed to Usher as agent of Massachusetts, in 1677, and his conveyance to Massachusetts are at the State House in Boston. Cf. _Maine Hist. Coll._, ii. 257; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xi. 201.—ED.]

[635] Mr. Folsom, a graduate of Harvard in 1822, was at this time living in Saco. He subsequently removed to New York, became an active member of the New York Historical Society, was minister at the Hague, and died in Rome, Italy, in 1869.

[636] Special mention should perhaps be made of the enumeration of Maine titles in the _Brinley Catalogue_ no. 2,571, etc., and of several town histories published since Mr. Willis wrote his Catalogue, which in their treatment go back to the early period, namely, _History of Augusta_, by James W. North; _History of Brunswick_, etc., by G. A. Wheeler and H. W. Wheeler, 1878; _History of Castine_, by G. A. Wheeler, Bangor, 1875; _History of Bristol, Bremen, and Pemaquid_, by John Johnston, Albany, 1873; _History of Ancient Sheepscot and New Castle_, by David Q. Cushman, Bath, 1882. Most of the local historical literature can be picked out of F. B. Perkins’s _Check-List of American Local History_.

A volume entitled _Papers relating to Pemaquid_, collected from the archives at Albany by Franklin B. Hough, was printed at Albany in 1856. They relate to the condition of that part of the country when under the colony of New York, and are of great value. Cf. also Mr. Hough’s contributions in the _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. and vii. 127. Pemaquid as a centre of historical interest is also illustrated in J. W. Thornton’s _Ancient Pemaquid_; in Johnston’s papers in his _History of Bristol_, etc.; in the Popham_ Memorial Volume_, p. 263; in _Maine Hist. Coll._, vol. viii.; Vinton’s _Giles Memorial_, 1864; _Historical Magazine_, i. 132; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1871, p. 131. [See also Vol. IV. of this History.—ED.]

[637] [The early history of this society is told by Mr. Willis in an address printed in their _Collections_, vol. iv. Cf. also Note B at the end of chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.]

[638] This collection, entitled _America painted to the Life_, passes by the name of the _Gorges Tracts_. There are copies in Harvard College Library, and noted in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 127; _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 308, 2,640 ($225.) Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vii. 348; Rich’s _Catalogue_, no. 314; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xviii. 432, and xix. 128; Stevens’s _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 247. The relations of Gorges and Champernoun are discussed by C. W. Tuttle in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 404. See further on Champernoun in Ibid., 1873, p. 147; 1874, pp. 75, 318, 403. There is an account of Gorges’ tomb at St. Bordeaux in the _Magazine of American History_, August, 1882; and notes on his pedigree, in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1861, p. 17; 1864, p. 287; 1872, p. 381; 1877, pp. 42, 44, 112.—ED.

[639] [Captain Christopher Levett. His account was published in London in 1628. The reprint in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 164, was made from a copy got in England by Sparks. The Maine Historical Society reprinted it in their _Collections_, ii. 73 (1847); and the copy in the New York Historical Society’s Library was then considered to be unique. The _Huth Catalogue_, iii. 843, and _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. no. 338, show original copies.—ED.]

[640] [The principal contestants may be thus divided:—

_Pro_,—_New Hampshire Historical Collections_, i.; Bell’s _Wheelwright_; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1869, p. 65.

_Con_,—Farmer’s _Belknap_; Savage’s _Winthrop_; Palfrey’s _New England_; and, besides Mr. Deane, the recorded opinions of Dr. Bouton, Mr. C. W. Tuttle, Mr. J. A. Vinton; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1868, p. 479; 1874, pp. 343, 477; and _Historical Magazine_, i. 57; and also a letter of Colonel Chester in the _Register_, 1868, p. 350.

The deed is printed in the _Provincial Papers_, i. 56. Cotton Mather’s original letter regarding it, dated March 3, 1708, is noted in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 1,329. Belknap has printed it, and it is also in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1862, p. 349.—ED.]

[641] Mason made no use of this grant; and no use had been made of his grant of Mariana, of March 9, 1621/22, and that to him and Gorges of Aug. 10, 1622; Hubbard’s _New England_, p. 614.

[642] [Governor Bell discovered in 1870 what is known as the Hilton or Squamscott patent, of March 12, 1629, and it is printed in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1870, p. 264; it was found not to agree as to its bounds with Piscataqua patent. Jenness, in his _Notes_, contends that Wiggin set up the title of Massachusetts to the territory under the 1628/29 charter. It was the conclusion of Mr. C. W. Tuttle (a studious explorer of New Hampshire history, who died July 18, 1881; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xix. 2, 11) that Bloody Point, being included in both grants, became the cause of the trouble between Neale and Wiggin, as told by Hubbard.—ED.]

[643] Mason’s will, or a long extract from it, may be seen in Hazard, i. 397-399, dated Nov. 26, 1635; also in _Provincial Papers_. These papers last named are a publication of the State. The Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Bouton, between 1867 and 1876, completed ten volumes of Papers. They contain nothing before 1631; few from 1631 to 1686. Most of the original papers between 1641 and 1679 are in the _Massachusetts Archives_. The papers of interest in the present connection are in vols. i. and ii. The series has since been resumed under another editor, with the publication (1882) of the first part (A to F) of documents relating to towns, 1680-1800. Very few of the papers, however, are before 1700. Colonel A. H. Hoyt’s “Notes, Historical and Bibliographical, on the Laws of New Hampshire,” are in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1876. Like most of the patents issued at the grand division, Mason’s grant included ten thousand acres more of land on the southeast part of Sagadahoc, “from henceforth to be called by the name of Massonia.”

[644] [John Farmer (1789-1838) and Jacob B. Moore (1797-1853). Each did much for New Hampshire history. For an account of Farmer, see _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, i. 12, 15. He published a first volume (Dover, 1831) of a projected new edition of Belknap’s _History of New Hampshire_, from a copy “having the author’s last corrections.” Moore was the father of the well-known historical student, Dr. George H. Moore, of the Lenox Library.—ED.]

[645] [Cf. C. K. Adams, _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 549. Mention has been made elsewhere of the Belknap Papers; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, March, 1858.—ED.]

[646] [The reports of the Adjutant-General of the State, 1866 and 1868, contained Mr. Chandler E. Potter’s _Military History of New Hampshire_, from 1623 to 1861, issued separately at Concord in 1869. The histories by Whiton (1834) and Barstow (1853) are of minor importance.] There are many valuable histories of separate towns in New Hampshire, and I cannot do better than refer to the “Bibliography of New Hampshire,” in Norton’s _Literary Letter_, new series, no. i. pp. 8-30, by S. C. Eastman. [A current periodical, _The Granite Monthly_, is devoting much space to New Hampshire history; cf. Sabin, vol. xiii. no. 37,486, etc.—ED.]

[647] J. Hammond Trumbull, in _Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 8. [Dr. Trumbull has compassed a large part of the field of the Indian nomenclature of Connecticut in his _Indian Names of Places: ... in Connecticut, etc._, Hartford, 1881. The fortunes of the natives of this colony have been traced in J. W. De Forest’s _History of the Indians of Connecticut_ (with a map of 1630), of which there have been successive editions in 1850, 1853, and 1871. Of Uncas, the most famous of the Mohegan chiefs, there is a pedigree, as made out in 1679, recorded in the _Colony Records_, Deeds, iii. 312, and printed in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1856, p. 227. The will of his son Joshua is in Ibid., 1859, p. 235. An agreement which Uncas made in 1681 with the whites is in the _Public Records_, i. 309, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, x. 16. The warfare in 1642 between Uncas and Miantonomo, the chief of the Narragansetts, and which ended with the latter’s death in captivity, the English approving, is described by Winthrop and Hubbard; also in Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chap. 7; Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, chap. 4; Palfrey’s _New England_, vol. ii. chap. 3; and it was the subject of an historical address in 1842 by William L. Stone, called _Uncas and Miantonomo_.—ED.]

[648] _Massachusetts Colonial Records_, i. 170.

[649] See _Connecticut Colonial Records_, i. 4.

[650] J. Hammond Trumbull, as above, p. 15.

[651] _New Haven Records._

[652] [Block, in 1614, had been the first to explore the river for the Dutch; and both O’Callaghan (_New Netherland_, i. 169) and Brodhead (New York, i. 235) set forth the prior right of the Dutch; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, vi. 368.—ED.]

[653] [Roger Wolcott celebrated Winthrop’s agency in London, in 1662, in a long poem, which was printed in Wolcott’s _Poetical Meditations_, London, 1725, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._ Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 369; Brinley Catalogue, no. 2,134.—ED.]

[654] It had been printed by Trumbull in 1797, in the Appendix to the first edition of his _History_, i. 528-533; and is repeated in the second edition, 1818; cf. Dr. J. H. Trumbull’s _Historical Notes on the Constitutions of Connecticut_, 1639-1878, published in 1873. Hinman published a collection of _Letters of the Kings of England to the Successive Governors_ (1635-1749).

[655] Douglass’s _Summary_, ii. 160; Neal’s _New England_, 2d ed., i. 163; Trumbull’s 2d ed. 1818, i. 21; Hubbard, p. 310.

[656] Trumbull, i. 28, from manuscripts of President Clap. This old Connecticut patent has always been a mystery. Some of the colonists of the Winthrop emigration to Massachusetts in 1630 were unfavorably impressed on their arrival with the place selected for a plantation. The sad mortality of the preceding winter was appalling, and they began to cast their thoughts on a more southerly spot than Massachusetts Bay. In a letter of John Humfrey, written from London, Dec. 9, 1636, in reply to one just received from his brother-in-law, Isaac Johnson, from the colony, he says, in speaking of Mr. Downing: “He is the only man for Council that is heartily ours in the town; and yet, unless you settle upon a good river and in a less snowy and cold place, I can see no great edge on him to come unto us.” Further on he says, “My Lord of Warwick will take a patent of that place you writ of for himself, and so we may be bold to do there as if it were our own.” (4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vi. 3, 4.) No further hint is given as to the location of Warwick’s intended grant, and we have no contemporaneous record of any patent having been taken by him at this time or later. The Earl was a great friend of the Puritans. It was through him that the Massachusetts patent was obtained; and the patent to the people of Plymouth was signed by him alone, but in the name of the Council, and sealed with their seal.

The title to Connecticut was contested. On the grand division of 1635, James, Marquis, afterward Duke, of Hamilton, received for his share the territory between the Connecticut and Narragansett rivers, and a copy of his feoffment was cited by Chalmers, as on record bearing date April 22, 1635, that being the date which all the grants of that final division bore. From a copy on the Connecticut files Mr. R. R. Hinman, Secretary of State, published the deed in a volume of ancient documents, at Hartford, in 1836. On the Restoration the heirs of the Duke, in a petition to the King, asked to “be restored to their just right,” and their claim was, in 1664, laid by the King’s commissioners before the Connecticut authorities. These in their answer set up, in the first place, the prior grant of Lord Say and Sele and others, which Connecticut, as they alleged, had “purchased at a dear rate,” and which had been recently ratified and confirmed by the King in their new charter; then, secondly, a conquest from the natives; and, thirdly, they claimed thirty years’ peaceable possession (Trumbull, i. 524, 530). At a period still later, the Earl of Arran, a grandson, applied to King William for a hearing; and when in a formal manner several patents were exhibited on the part of Connecticut, the Earl’s final reply was, “that when they produced a grant from the Plymouth Council to the Earl of Warwick, it should have an answer.” (Chalmers, pp. 299-301; Trumbull, i. 524.)

Some entries in the recently recovered records of the Council for New England tend to deepen the suspicion that the Earl of Warwick never received the alleged grant from that body. It is true that the records as preserved are not entire, and do not cover the year 1630, and for the year 1631 they begin at November 4. But some later entries are very significant. Under date of June 21, 1632, which is three months after the date of the grant to Lord Say and Sele and associates, is this entry: “The Secretary is to bring, against the next meeting, a rough draft in paper of a patent for the E. of Warwick, from the river of the Narrigants 10 leagues westward. Sir Ferd. Gorges will forthwith give particular directions for the said patent.” At the next meeting, June 26, “The rough draft of a patent for the E. of Warwick was now read. His Lordship, upon hearing the same, gave order that the grant should be unto Rob. Lord Rich and his associates, A, B, etc. And it was agreed by the Council that the limits of the said patent should be 30 English miles westward, and 50 miles into the land northward, provided that it did not prejudice any other patent formerly granted.” A committee was appointed to take further order respecting this patent, and there is no evidence that it was ever perfected or issued. This proposed grant, it will be seen, covered in part the same territory previously included in the grant above cited to Lord Say, Lord Brook, Lord Rich, and others by the Earl of Warwick himself.

Three days afterward some very singular orders were adopted by the Council, indicating that there had been a serious disagreement with the Earl, or that a feeling akin to suspicion, of which the Earl was the object, had found a lodgment in that body. The Earl being president, the meetings for some years had been held at “Warwick House in Holborne.” At a meeting on the 29th of June, at which the Earl was not present, “It was agreed that the E. of Warwick should be entreated to direct a course for finding out what patents have been granted for New England.” (Did not the Council keep a record of their grants?) Also, “The Lord Great Chamberlain and the rest of the Council now present sent their clerk unto the E. of Warwick for the Council’s great seal, it being in his Lordship’s keeping.” Answer was brought that as soon as his man Williams came in he would send it. It was then voted that the meetings of the Council, which for some time, as I have already said, had been held at Warwick House, should hereafter be held at Captain Mason’s House, in Fenchurch Street. But the seal was not then sent, and during the next five months two other formal applications were made for it. In the mean time and thence after the records indicate the Earl’s absence from the meetings, and finally Lord Gorges was chosen President of the Council in his place.

The patent to Lord Say and Sele, it may be added, was never formally transferred to Connecticut. In the agreement of 1644/45 Fenwick conveyed the fort and lands on the river, and promised to convey the jurisdiction of all the lands between Narragansett River and Saybrook Fort, “if it come into his power,”—which he seems never to have done, though the authorities of Connecticut claimed that they had paid him for it. For a long time the Connecticut authorities appear to have had no copy of this patent, for they were often challenged to exhibit it, and were not able to do so; though they say that a copy was shown to the commissioners when the confederation of the colonies was formed,—then of course in the possession of Fenwick; and in 1648 it is referred to as having been recently seen. (Hazard, ii. 120, 123.) A transcript of this patent was found in London by John Winthrop, among the papers of Governor Hopkins, who died there in 1658. See _Connecticut Colonial Records_, pp. 268, 568, 573, 574.

[657] First edition, vol. i. Appendix v. and vi. See also Ibid., i. 149, 507-510, edition of 1818, with which compare _Connecticut Colonial Records_, pp. 568, 573, 585.

[658] Vol. i. p. 306; cf. Trumbull, i. 110; Hutchinson, i. 100, 101.

[659] Vol. i. pp. 77-80, 509-563, 1-384. The twelve Capital Laws of the Connecticut Colony, established in 1642, were taken almost literally from the Body of Liberties of Massachusetts, established in 1641. The preamble to the code of 1650, the paragraph following it, and many, if not all, of the laws were taken from the Massachusetts Book of Laws published in 1649. A copy of the constitution of 1639 was prefixed to the Code. This was first printed in a small volume in 1822 at Hartford, by Silas Andrus, called _The Code of 1650, being a Compilation of the Earliest Laws and Orders of the General Court of Connecticut; also, the Constitution, or Civil Compact, entered into and adopted by the Towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield, in 1638-39, to which is added some Extracts from the Laws and Judicial Proceedings of New Haven Colony commonly called Blue Laws_. There was an edition at Hartford in 1828, 1830, 1838, from the same plates; and in 1861 there appeared at Philadelphia _A Collection of the Earliest Statutes, Edited with an Introduction_, by Samuel W. Smucker.

[660] Cf. also Trumbull, i. chap. viii.; Caulkins, _New London_, pp. 27-50.

[661] Vol. i. pp. 259, 260, 404, 405.

[662] Vol. i. 1, _et seq._; cf. Trumbull, i. chap. vi.; Hubbard, chap. xlii. See also Davenport’s _Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation_, Cambridge, 1663, probably written at this early period; Leonard Bacon, _Thirteen Historical Discourses_, New Haven, 1839; and Professor J. L. Kingsley, _Historical Discourse_, New Haven, 1838.

[663] [Of Governor Eaton, the first governor of New Haven, there is a memoir by J. B. Moore in 2 _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, ii. 467.—ED.]

[664] A copy of the original edition is also in the Library of the Boston Athenæum, not quite perfect. Two copies were in the sale of Mr. Brinley’s library in 1879, and they brought, one $380, the other, not perfect, $310. Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, in his learned Introduction to his edition of _The True-Blue Laws of Connecticut and New Haven, and the False Blue Laws Invented by the Rev. Samuel Peters_, etc., Hartford, 1876, says: “Just when or by whom the acts and proceedings of New Haven Colony were first stigmatized as _Blue Laws_ cannot now be ascertained. The presumption, however, is strong that the name had its origin in New York, and that it gained currency in Connecticut among Episcopalian and other dissenters from the established church, between 1720 and 1750” (p. 24). He thinks that “blue” was a convenient epithet for whatever “in colonial laws and proceedings looked over-strict, or queer, or ‘puritanic’” (pp. 24, 27).

Mr. Peters, of course, did not invent the name. He says of these laws: “They consist of a vast multitude, and were very properly termed _Blue Laws_, i.e., _bloody laws_.” In his _General History of Connecticut_, London, 1781, Peters gives some forty-five of these laws as a sample of the whole, “denominated _blue laws_ by the neighboring colonies,” which “were never suffered to be printed.” The greater part of these probably never had an existence as standing laws or otherwise. The archives of the colony fail to reveal such, though we do not forget that the jurisdiction records for nine years are lost. Peters’ laws have often been reprinted, and appear in Mr. Trumbull’s volume above cited, along with authentic documents relating to the foundation of Connecticut and New Haven colonies, already referred to in this paper. (See Peters’ _Connecticut_, pp. 63, 66; the _New-Englander_, April, 1871, art. “Blue Laws;” and _Methodist Quarterly Review_, January, 1878.)

It might be inferred from the conclusion of the titlepage (cited above) of the small volume published by Silas Andrus, at Hartford, in 1822, on bluish paper, bound in blue covers, with a frontispiece representing a constable seizing a tobacco taker, which was stereotyped and subsequently issued at different dates, that the book contained the Peters’ laws; but what related to New Haven here were simply extracts of a few laws and court orders from the records. The Blue Laws of Peters were reprinted by J. W. Barber, in his _History and Antiquities of New Haven_, 1831, with a note in which the old story is repeated, that the term blue originated from the color of the paper in which the first printed laws were stitched. They were also printed by Mr. Hinman, formerly Secretary of the State of Connecticut, in 1838, in a volume already cited, along with other valuable documents relating to the colony, and with what he called the Blue Laws of Virginia, of Barbadoes, of Maryland, New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Plymouth.