Chapter XIII: The English in Maryland, 1632-1691 (12)

In this pamphlet we have the origin of the quit-rents, which gave considerable uneasiness in the province. It gives also a picture of the social condition of England.

[791] _Een Kort Bericht van de Provintie ofte Landschap Pennsylvania genaemt; leggende in America; Nu onlangs onder het groote Zegel van Engeland gegeven aan William Penn, etc._ Rotterdam: Pieter van Wynbrugge, 1681, 4º, 24 pp. See _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,227; Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 381.

A copy of this was sold at the Stevens sale (no. 619) in 1881 for £10 5_s._

[792] _Eine nachricht wegen der Landschaft Pennsylvania in America: welche jungstens unter dem Grossen Siegel in Engelland an William Penn, etc._ Amsterdam: Christoff Cunraden, 4º, 31 pp. _See Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,226. A copy is in the Philadelphia Library. (Loganian, no. Q, 1,262.) [Harrassowitz of Leipzig, in recently advertising a copy (28 marks) with the imprint, Frankfort, 1683, says that it originally formed a part of the _Diarium Europæum_, and was never published separately.—ED.]

[793] _Recit de l’Estat Present des Celebres Colonies de la Virgine, de Marie-Land, de la Caroline, du nouveau Duché d’York, de Pennsylvania, et de la Nouvelle Angleterre, situées dans l’Amerique septentrionale, etc._ Rotterdam: Reinier Leers, 4º, 43 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,230; Leclerc’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 1,324.

[794] _A Brief Account of the Province of Pennsylvania, lately granted by the King, under the Great Seal of England, to William Penn and his Heirs and Assigns._ London: Printed by Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard in Lombard Street, 4º; also abridged and issued in folio, without place or date.

There is a copy in Harvard College Library. Cf. Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, and _Rëcuel de Diverses pieces concernant la Pensylvanie_. See _infra_, p. 31.

[795] _Plantation Work the Work of this Generation. Written in True-Love To all such as are weightily inclined to Transplant themselves and Families to any of the English Plantations in America. The Most material Doubts and Objections against it being removed, they may more cheerfully proceed to the Glory and Renown of the God of the whole Earth, who in all undertakings is to be looked unto, Praised, and Feared for Ever. Aspice venturo lætetur ut India Sêclo._ London: Printed for Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard in Lombard Street, 1682, 4º, 18 pp. and title.

Copies of the tract are in the Carter-Brown Library, vol. ii. 1,252, Friends’ Library, Philadelphia, and in that of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

[796] _The Frame of the Government of the Province of Pennsilvania in America: Together with certain Laws agreed upon in England by the Governour and divers Free Men of the aforesaid Province._ Folio, 11 pp., 1682.

Penn’s copy of the above, with his bookplate, is in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It was purchased at the Stevens sale in 1881 for £10 5_s._ (Stevens’s _Historical Collection_, no. 623; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,251.) There is another copy in Harvard College Library, from which the annexed fac-simile of title is taken. Later editions of the _Frame_, containing the alterations made in 1683, are spoken of on a subsequent page.

[797] _Information and Direction To Such Persons as are inclined to America, more Especially Those related to the Province of Pennsylvania._ Folio, 4 pp.

The title of this tract is given in Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, under date of 1681. It is reprinted, with a fac-simile of the half-title, in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 329, from a copy in possession of Mr. Henry C. Murphy. An edition was published at Amsterdam in 1686, which is given on a following page.

[798] There is a copy of the original tract in Harvard College Library. Its title is as follows,—

_The Articles, Settlement, and Offices of the Free Society of Traders in Pennsilvania: Agreed upon by divers Merchants and others for the better Improvement and Government of Trade in that Province._ London: Printed for Benjamin Clark, folio, 14 pp., 1682.

[799] Copies of it are in the British Museum and in the Friends’ Library, London. It is reprinted in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 176, from a transcript obtained from the British Museum.

[800] _A Letter from William Penn, Proprietary and Governour of Pennsylvania in America, to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders of that Province, residing in London. To which is added An Account of the City of Philadelphia, etc._ Printed and Sold by Andrew Sowle, at the Crooked-Billet in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, and at several Stationers’ in London, folio, 10 pp., 1683.

A copy of the edition, with list of property holders, is in the Library of the New York Historical Society. It has been lately reprinted by Coleman, of London. Copies of the edition, which does not contain the list of purchasers, are in the Philadelphia Library and in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is reprinted in Proud’s _History of Pennsylvania_, i. 246; Hazard’s _Register of Pennsylvania_, i. 432; Janney’s _Life of Penn_, p. 238; and in the various editions of Penn’s collected _Works_. Menzies’ copy sold for $65. Harvard College Library has a copy without the list; another is in the Carter-Brown Library. Cf. Rich’s _Catalogue_ of 1832, no. 403.

[801] _Missive van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur van Pennsylvania, in America. Geschreven aan de Commissarissen van de Vrye Societeyt der Handelaars, op de selve Provintie, binnen London resideerende. Waar by noch gevoeght is een Beschrijving van de Hooft-Stadt Philadelphia, etc._ Amsterdam: Gedrukt voor Jacob Claus, 1684, 4º, 23 pp.

A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,293, and in the _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,816 ($20). The one in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania lacks the map. It contains, in addition to what is in the London edition, a letter from Thomas Paschall, dated from Philadelphia, Feb. 10, 1683 (N. S.), the first, we believe, dated from that locality. This letter will be found translated in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 322.

[802] _Beschreibung der in America new-erfunden Provinz Pensylvanien. Derer Inwohner Gesetz Arth Sitten und Gebrauch: auch samlicher reviren des Landes sonderlich der haupt-stadt Philadelphia._ (Hamburg.) Henrich Heuss, 1684, 4º, 32 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295.

[803] _Recüeil de Diverses pieces concernant la Pensylvanie._ A La Haye: Chez Abraham Troyel, 1684, 18º, 118 pp.

Of the copy in the Carter-Brown Library, Mr. J. R. Bartlett, its curator, writes that it is the same with the German. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295. Another copy is in the possession of a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; cf. Stevens, _Historical Collection_, no. 1,539.

[804] _Twee Missiven geschreven uyt Pensilvania, d’ Eene door een Hollander, woonachtig in Philadelfia, d’ Ander door een Switser, woonachtig in German Town, Dat is Hoogduytse Stadt. Van den 16 en 26 Maert, 1684, Nieuwe Stijl._ Tot Rotterdam, by Pieter van Alphen, anno 1684, 2 leaves, small 4º.

[805] See Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume, and Proud’s _History of Pennsylvania_, i. 226.

[806] We are unable to give any information additional to that furnished by Mr. Whitehead, except that a copy of this tract sold for $160 at the Brinley sale, and that the original edition can be found in the Carter-Brown, Lenox, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and Friends’ (of Philadelphia) libraries; cf. _Historical Magazine_, vi. 265, 304. A biographical sketch of Budd will be found in Mr. Armstrong’s introduction to the work as published in Gowan’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 4.

[807] _Missive van Cornelis Bom Geschreven uit de Stadt Philadelphia in de Provintie van Pennsylvania Leggende op d’ vostzyde van de Zuyd Revier van Nieuw Nederland Verhalende de groote Voortgank van deselve Provintie Waerby komt de Getuygenis van Jacob Telner van Amsterdam._ Tot Rotterdam, gedrukt by Pieter van Wijnbrugge, in de Leeuwestraet, 1685.

The title we give is from a copy in the “Library of the Archives” of the Moravians, Bethlehem, Pa.

[808] _A Further Account of the Province of Pennsylvania and its Improvements. For the Satisfaction of those that are Adventurers and enclined to be so._ No titlepage. Signed “William Penn, Worminghurst Place, 12th of the 10 month, 1685.”

_Tweede Bericht ofte Relaas van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur van de Provintie van Pennsylvania, in America, etc._ Amsterdam: By Jacob Claus, 4º, 20 pp.

Copies of all three editions are in the Carter-Brown Collection. (_Catalogue_, ii. 1, 320-22). The two English editions are in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Extracts from it are given in Blome’s _Present State of His Majesties Isles and Territories in America_, London, 1687, pp. 122-134. We do not think that the work has ever been reprinted. Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 390, gives the Dutch edition.

[809] _Nader Informatie en Bericht voor die gene die genegen zijn, om zich na America te begeeven, en in de Provincie van Pensylvania Geinteresseerd zijn, of zich daar zocken neder te zetten. Mit een Voorreden behelzende verscheydene aanmerkelzjke zaken vanden tegenwoordige toestand, en Regeering dier Provincie; Novit voor dezen in druk geweest: maar nu eerst uytgegeven door Robert Webb t’ Amsterdam._ By Jacob Claus, 1686, 4º, i+11 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,332.

[810] _A Letter from Doctor More, with Passages out of several Letters from Persons of Good Credit, Relating to the State and Improvement of the Province of Pennsilvania._ Published to prevent false Reports. Printed in the Year 1687.

It is reprinted in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 445, from a copy in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,339.

[811] _Some Letters and an Abstract of Letters from Pennsylvania, Containing the State and Improvement of that Province. Published to prevent Mis-Reports._ Printed and Sold by Andrew Sowe, at the Crooked Billott in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, 1691, 4º, 12 pp.

Penn’s copy is in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; see _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,423. It is reprinted in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 189.

[812] _A Short Description of Pennsilvania, or, A Relation What things are known, enjoyed, and like to be discovered in the said Province._ [Imperfect.] By Richard Frame. Printed and sold by William Bradford in Philadelphia, 1692, 4º, 8 pp.

But one copy is known to have survived, and it is preserved in the Philadelphia Library. A small edition was printed in fac-simile, in 1867, on the Oakwood Press, a private press of “S. J. Hamilton” (the late Dr. James Slack). Its introduction is in the form of a letter by Horatio Gates Jones, Esq.

[813] _Copia Eines Send-Schriebens ausz der neuen Welt, betreffend die Erzehlung einer gefäherlichen Schifffarth, und glücklichen Anländung etlicher Christlichen Reisegefehrten, welche zu dem Ende diese Wallfahrt angetratten, den Glauben an Jesum Christum allda Ausz-zubreiten._ Gedruckt im Jahr 1695, 4º, 11 pp.

A copy was purchased by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania at the Stevens sale in 1881 for £26. It has been translated by Professor Oswald Seidensticker for publication in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_. Professor Seidensticker inclines to the belief that it was written by Daniel Falkner.

[814] There are two copies of the book in Harvard College Library; from the map in one the annexed fac-simile is taken. Cf. Wharton’s paper on provincial literature in _Hist. Soc. Mem._, i. 119; and the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,550.

[815] _Umstandige Geographische Beschreibung Der zu allerletzt-erfundenen Provintz Pensylvaniæ, In denen End Grantzen Americæ In der West-Welt gelegen durch Franciscum Danielem Pastorium, etc. Vattern Melchiorem Adamum Pastorium, und andere gute Freunde._ Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, 1700, 16º, 140 pp.

The Harvard College copy is dated 1704; cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,077; and _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,807, with a _Continuatio_ of 1702 ($43 00).

[816] _Curieuse Nachricht von Pensylvania in Norden-America welche auf Begehren guter Freunde, etc._ Von Daniel Falknern, Professore, Burgern und Pilgrim allda. Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, Buchhandlern, 1702, 16º, 58 pp.

[817] It is worth while to make record of two tracts of this early period whose titles might deceive the student with the belief that they pertained to the subject, but they do not. The first is a burlesque indorsement of the Protestant Reconciler, entitled _Three Letters of Thanks to the Protestant Reconciler_: _1. From the Anabaptists at Munster; 2. From the Congregations in New England; 3. From the Quakers in Pennsylvania._ London: Benjamin Took, 1683, 4º, 26 pp.

The other is a Letter to _William Penn, with His Answer_, London, 1688, 4º, 10 pp; again the same year in 20 pp.; and in Dutch, 16 pp., Amsterdam, 1689.

This letter, by Sir William Popple, is addressed “To the Honourable William Penn, Esq., Proprietor and Governor of Pennsylvania.” It is a friendly criticism on his conduct while living in England, after his return from America. It has nothing to do with his province but is of a biographical nature. Proud prints the correspondence in his _History of Pennsylvania_ (i. 314). It has been catalogued as connected with the history of the province. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii., nos. 1,363 and 1,390. Both of the London editions are in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

The student may also need to be warned against a forged letter of Cotton Mather, about a plot to capture Penn. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, 1870, p. 329.

[818] _A Journal or Historical Account of his Life, Travels, Sufferings, etc._ London, 1694, folio. Again, London, 1709; 1765; 7th ed., 1852, with notes by Wilson Armistead. Allibone’s _Dictionary_, i. 625; Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vi. 25, 352.

[819] London, 1713; Dublin, 1715; London, 1715, 1777; Dublin, 1820; and in two different Friends’ libraries, 1833 and 1838. Sabin, vi. 21,873.

[820] _Apology for the Church and People of God called in derision Quakers; Wherein they are vindicated from those that accuse them of Disorder and Confusion on the one hand, and from such as calumniate them with Tyranny and Imposition on the other; shewing that as the true and pure Principles of the Gospel are restored by their Testimony, so is also the ancient apostolick order of the Church of Christ re-established among them, and settled upon its Right Basis and Foundation._ By Robert Barclay, London, 1676, 1 vol., 4º.

There have been various later editions in English and German. Masson calls this book by far the best-reasoned exposition of the sect’s early principles.

[821] _A Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers, for the testimony of a good Conscience._ London, 1753, 2 vols., folio.

[822] _The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the Christian People called Quakers, intermixed with several remarkable occurrences. Written originally in Low Dutch by W. S., and by himself translated into English._ London, 1722, folio, 752 pp. There are later editions,—London, 1725; Philadelphia, 1725; Burlington, N. J., 1775; again, 1795, 1799-1800; Philadelphia, 1811; again, 1833, in Friends’ Library; New York, 1844, etc. The Philadelphia edition of 1725 bears the imprint of Samuel Keimer. It was this book which Franklin, in his _Autobiography_, tells us he and Meredith worked upon just after they had established themselves in business. Forty sheets, he says, were from their press.

[823] [This was published at Amsterdam in 1696, and was translated into English, with a letter by George Keith, vindicating himself, the same year; and also into German. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, v. 17,584. The next year (1797) Francis Bugg’s _Picture of Quakerism_ was printed as “A modest Corrective of Gerrard Croese” (Sabin, iii. 9,072); Bugg having, since about 1684, joined their opponents. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,503.—ED.]

[824] _Portraiture of Quakerism_, 3 vols., London, 1806; New York, same date.

[825] Four vols., Philadelphia, 1860-67.

[826] London, 1876.

[827] _An Examen of Parts relating to the Society of Friends in a recent work by Robert Barclay, entitled, etc._ Philadelphia, 1876.

[828] See also _Brinley Catalogue,_ no. 3,479, for a variety of titles; and Bohn’s _Lowndes_, p. 2017.

[829] It may not, however, be out of place to mention here the chief reasons on which the followers of Fox base their objections to the manner in which it is customary to speak of the first Quakers who visited New England. It is generally represented that it was the behavior of these early ministers which caused their persecution; but before a European Quaker had set foot on Massachusetts the court had denounced them, and in October, 1656, a law was passed which spoke of them as a “cursed sect of heretickes.” It is also customary to speak of the executions of Quakers in Boston in connection with certain acts of indecency committed by women who were either laboring under mental aberrations or believed that they were fulfilling a divine command, leaving on the mind of the reader the impression that the capital law was called into existence to correct such abuses. No such acts were committed until after the capital law had fallen into disuse. Nor is it clear, from printed authorities, that the death penalty was only inflicted after every possible means had been tried by the Massachusetts authorities to rid themselves of their unwelcome visitors. The language of the law of 1658, which declared that if a banished Quaker returned he or she should suffer death, does not show that it supplemented that of 1657, by which punishments increasing in severity were visited on Quakers upon their first, second, and third return. Neither will the practice under the law of 1658 justify this interpretation. The penalties of the law of 1657 had not been exhausted in the cases of Mary Dyer, William Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, and William Ledera, when they were hanged.

[830] See _Memoirs of Long Island Historical Society_, vol. i.

[831] London, 1726, 2 vols., folio; London, 1771, 1 vol., royal folio; London, 1782, 5 vols., 8º; London, 1825, 3 vols., 8º.

[832] A list of the most important of these, with references to where they will be found, is printed in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 368.

[833] London, 1813, 2 vols.; Dover, N. H., 1820; new edition, with preface by Forster, 1849. It is reviewed by Jeffrey in _Edinburgh Review_, xxi. 444.

[834] Philadelphia, 1852; cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vol. ix. p. 221. Mr. Janney was appointed Indian Agent by President Grant, 1869. He died April 30, 1880.

[835] London, 1851; again, 1856. It is reviewed in the _Edinburgh Review_, xciv. 229, and _Christian Observer_, li. 818.

[836] Two vols., 1791. It is of some interest to note another French life by C. Vincent, Paris, 1877, and a Dutch life by H. van Lil, Amsterdam, 1820-25, 2 vols.

[837] 1. ANSWERS TO MACAULAY.—_Defence of William Penn from Charges, etc., of T. B. Macaulay_, by Henry Fairbairn. Philadelphia, 1849, 8º, 38 pp.

2. _William Penn and T. B. Macaulay_, by W. E. Forster. Revised for the American edition by the author. Philadelphia, 1850, 8º, 48 pp. This first appeared as an Introduction to an edition of Clarkson’s _Life of W. Penn_, London, 1850.

3. _William Penn_, par L. Vullieum. Paris, 1855, 8º, 83 pp.

4. _Inquiry into the Evidence relating to the Charges brought by Lord Macaulay against W. Penn_, by John Paget. Edinburgh, 1858, 12º, 138 pp. Cf. also _Westminster Review_, liv. 117; and _Eclectic Magazine_, xxiii. 115; xxxix. 120. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, 49,743.

ADDITIONAL WORKS.—_Memorials of the Life and Times of_ [Admiral] _Sir W. Penn_, by Granville Penn. London, 1833, 2 vols. 8º. Cf. also P. S. P. Conner’s _Sir William Penn_, Philadelphia, 1876, and “The Father of Penn not a Baptist,” in _Historical Magazine_, xvi. 228.

“The Private Life and Domestic Habits of W. Penn,” by Joshua F. Fisher, in the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_, vol. iii. part ii. p. 65 (1836); published also separately.

“Memoir of Part of the Life of W. Penn,” by Mr. Lawton, a contemporaneous writer, in Ibid., p. 213.

“Fragments of an Apology for Himself,” by W. Penn, in Ibid., p. 233.

“Penn and Logan Correspondence.” Edited by Edward Armstrong, in vols. ix. and x. of _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_. These volumes cover only the years between 1700 and 1711; they also contain Mr. J. J. Smith’s Memoir of the Penn Family, reprinted in _Lippincott’s Magazine_, v. 149. Cf. _Magazine of American History_, ii. 437; also James Coleman’s _Pedigree and General Notes of the Penn Family_, 1871.

“William Penn’s Travels in Holland and Germany,” by Oswald Seidensticker. See _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, ii. 237. Penn’s journal of these travels will be found in his collected works.

_The Penns and the Penningtons_, and _The Fells of Swarthmore Hall_, by Maria Webb, are two interesting books throwing light on the Quaker society in which Penn moved.

_Calvert and Penn; or, the Growth of Civil and Religious Liberty in America_, by Brantz Mayer. Delivered before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, April 8, 1852. Baltimore, 1852, 8º, 49 pp.

John Stoughton’s _William Penn, the Founder of Pennsylvania_. London, 1882. This book, called out by the Bi-Centenary of Pennsylvania, is founded on the standard Lives, but adds some new matter.

[838] Coleman, James, bookseller. _Catalogue of Original Deeds, Charters, Copies of Royal Grants, petitions, Original Letters, etc., of William Penn and his Family._ July, 1870. Also Supplement. London, 1870, 8º, 32, 12 pp.

Also see _The Penn Papers_. _Description of a large Collection of Original Letters, Manuscript Documents, Charters, Grants, Printed Papers, rare Books and Pamphlets relating to the Celebrated William Penn, to the early History of Pennsylvania, and incidentally to other parts of America, dating from the latter part of the 17th to the end of the 18th century, lately in the possession of a surviving descendant of William Penn, now the property of Edward G. Allen._ London, 1870.

Also see _Original Deeds and Charters, State and Boundary Documents, Letters, Maps, and Charts, also Books and Papers relating to America, the Penn Family, and the Quakers, many of them from the Penn Library_. July, 1876. London, 1876, 8º, 24 pp.

[839] The published address delivered upon their presentation to the Historical Society is entitled _Proceedings of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania on the Presentation of the Penn Papers, and Address of Craig Biddle_, March 10, 1873, Philadelphia, 1873, 8º, 30 pp. Cf. _Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the Pennsylvania Historical Society_, no. 177.

[840] Mr. Whitehead informs me that the papers in the Library of the New Jersey Historical Society consist of 17 parts (no. 10 missing), and are called, “The History of the Colonies of New Jersey and Pennsylvania in America. From the time of their first discovery to the year 1721. Together with an Appendix containing several occurrences that have happened since, down to the present time. Undertaken at the desire of the Yearly Meeting of the people called Quakers, of the said Colonies, and published by their order. By——. Psal. cv. 12. 13. 14, when they were but a few, etc.” Several of the passages, marked “Transfer to History of Friends,” correspond to the Philadelphia manuscript, which is apparently the portion designated as the second part in the author’s scheme, as thus detailed by himself in the New Jersey manuscript: “The History of the Province of Pennsylvania in two parts. Part I. The time and manner of the grants of territories, the arrival of settlers, a general view of the original state of the country and of the public proceedings in legislation, and other matters for the first forty years after the settlement made under William Penn. Part II. The introduction and some account of the religious progress of the people called Quakers therein, including the like account respecting the same people in New Jersey as constituting one Yearly Meeting.”

[841] _The History of Pennsylvania in North America, from ... 1681 till after the year 1742, with an Introduction respecting the Life of W. Penn, ... the Religious Society of the People called Quakers, with the First Rise ... of West New Jersey, and ... the Dutch and Swedes in Delaware; to which is added a Brief Description of the said Province_, 1760-1770. Philadelphia, 1797-1798.

[842] A biographical notice of him by the Rev. Charles West Thomson will be found in vol. i. of the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_ (2d ed. p. 417), together with some verses which show the sympathies of a Loyalist. He was born in 1728, and died in 1813. A Portrait after a pencil sketch is noted in the _Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the Pennsylvania Historical Society_, no. 86.

[843] Philadelphia, 1829.

[844] London, 1854; vol. i. appearing in 1850. The work was never completed.

[845] Harrisburg, 1876; 2d ed., Philadelphia, 1880.

[846] London, 1757, 2 vols., 8º.

[847] London, 1770, 2 Vols., 8º.

[848] [This book has passed through several editions,—1830, with lithographic illustrations; 1844, 1850, 1857, and 1868, with woodcuts. A tribute to Mr. Watson (who was born June 13, 1779, and died Dec. 23, 1861), by Charles Deane, is in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, v. 207; and Benjamin Dorr published _A Memoir of John Fanning Watson_, Philadelphia, 1861, with a portrait. Mr. Willis P. Hazard’s _Annals of Philadelphia_, 1879, supplements Mr. Watson’s book. The local antiquarian interest will be abundantly satisfied with Mr. Townsend Ward’s papers on the old landmarks of the town, which have appeared in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, though much in them necessarily fails of association with the early years with which we are dealing. This is likewise true of Thompson Westcott’s _Historic Buildings of Philadelphia_, 1877; cf. the papers on old Philadelphia in _Harper’s Monthly_, 1876; cf. _An Explanation of the Map of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia_. By John Reed. Philadelphia, 1794 and 1846.—ED.]

[849] Philadelphia, 1867, 12º, 379 pp.

[850] Norristown, 1859.

[851] Philadelphia, 1862. See Memoir of Dr. Smith in _Pennsylvania Mag. of Hist._, vi. 182.

[852] Philadelphia, 1877.

[853] Doylestown, Pa., 1876, 8º, 875 + 54 pp.

[854] It is unfortunate that a book of such merit should have been given to the public in so objectionable a form. It is a 4º, 782 + 44 pages (Philadelphia, 1881), profusely illustrated with pictures calculated to gratify the vanity of living persons and to mislead students as to the value of the work.

[855] _Annals of Pennsylvania, from the Discovery of the Delaware_, by Samuel Hazard, 1609-1682, Philadelphia, 1850, 8º, 664 pp. An excellent compilation, containing nearly all the documentary information on the subject, arranged in chronological order.

A catalogue of the papers relating to Pennsylvania and Delaware in the State-Paper Office, London, was printed in the _Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society_, vol. iv. part ii. p. 236.

[856] _Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the Province of Pennsylvania. Beginning the Fourth Day of December, 1682._ Volume the First, in Two Parts. Philadelphia, 1752. This collection was continued down to the Revolution. It is contained in six folio volumes. The first three are from the press of Franklin and Hall. They are always known as “Votes of the Assembly.”

[857] The first ten volumes of the series known as the _Colonial Records_ bear the title of _Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania, from the Organization_ [1683] _to the Termination of the Proprietary Government_; the last six: _Minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania from its Organization to the Termination of the Revolution_. They contain, however, the Minutes down to 1790. The publication of this series was begun by the State in 1837, the American Philosophical Society and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania having petitioned the Legislature to adopt measures for this end. After three volumes were issued (Harrisburg, 1838-1840) the publication was suspended. In 1851, at the request of the Historical Society, the matter was again brought before the Legislature by Edward Armstrong, Esq., a member of the Society, then a delegate to the Legislature. The sixteen volumes of the _Colonial Records_ and twelve of the _Pennsylvania Archives_ were issued between the years 1852 and 1856. The volumes issued in 1838-1840 were reprinted in 1852, and an index volume to both works in 1860. The latter does not apply to the volume of the Records published in 1838-1840.

[858] _Pennsylvania Archives, selected and arranged from Original Documents in the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth._ By Samuel Hazard, Commencing 1664. 12 vols., 8º. Harrisburg and Philadelphia, 1852-1856. To Mr. Samuel Hazard, who was also the author of the _Annals of Pennsylvania_ and publisher of _Hazard’s Register of Pennsylvania_ (16 vols., 8º, Philadelphia, 1828-1835), the students of history are greatly indebted for the preservation of some of the most important documents relating to the history of the State.

[859] _Charter to William Penn and Laws of the Province of Pennsylvania, 1682 and 1700; preceded by Duke of York’s Laws in Force from the year 1676 to the year 1682. Published under the direction of John Blair Linn, Sec. of Commonwealth, Compiled and edited by Staughton George, Benjamin M. Nead, and Thomas McCamant._ Harrisburg, 1879, 8º, 614 pp.

Appendix A of this volume contains a compilation of the laws, etc., establishing the Courts of Judicature; it is by Staughton George. Appendix B contains Historical Notes of the Early Government and Legislative Councils and Assemblies of Pennsylvania; it is by Mr. Nead. Both are valuable pieces of work; but we do not agree with Mr. Nead that the laws printed and agreed upon in England, and the written ones prepared by Penn and submitted to the Assembly that met at Upland, December, 1682, were both passed. The passage in Penn’s letter of Dec. 16, 1682, which reads, “the laws were agreed upon more fully worded,” indicates that the printed series was superseded by the written one.

[860] _Laws of Pennsylvania._ Philadelphia, 1810 (Beoren’s edition). The second volume of this edition contains an elaborate “note” on land-titles; it will be found on pp. 105-261. It was prepared by Judge Charles Smith.

_View of the Land-Laws of Pennsylvania, with Notes of its Early History and Legislation._ By Thomas Sargeant. Philadelphia, 1838, 8º, xiii + 203 pp.

_Address before the Law Academy._ By Peter McCall. Philadelphia, 1838. A valuable historical essay.

_Essay on the History and Nature of Original Titles of Land in Pennsylvania._ By Charles Huston. Philadelphia, 1849, 8º, xx + 484 pp.

_Syllabus of Law of Land-Office Titles in Pennsylvania._ By Joel Jones. Philadelphia, 1850, 12º, xxiv + 264.

_The Common Law of Pennsylvania._ By George Sharswood. A lecture before the Law Academy. Philadelphia, 1856.

_Equity in Pennsylvania._ A lecture before the Law Academy of Philadelphia, Feb. 11, 1868. By William Henry Rawle. With an Appendix, being the _Register Book of Governor Keith’s Court of Chancery_. Philadelphia, 1868, 8º, 93 + 46 pp.

_A Practical Treatise on the Law of Ground-Rents in Pennsylvania._ By Richard M. Cadwalader. Philadelphia, 1879, 8º, 356 pp.

_An Essay on Original Land-Titles in Philadelphia._ By Lawrence Lewis, Jr. Philadelphia, 1880, 8º, 266 pp.

_The Courts of Pennsylvania in the Seventeenth Century._ Read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, March 14, 1881. By Lawrence Lewis, Jr. See _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, v. 141, also, separately.

_Some Contrasts in the Growth of Pennsylvania and English Law._ A Lecture before the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Oct. 3, 1881. By William Henry Rawle. Philadelphia, 1881, 8º, 78 pp., 2d ed., 32 pp., 1882.

[861] A number of addresses were delivered before this Society. That of J. N. Barker, delivered in 1827, is the most valuable of the series, and is entitled _Sketches of the Primitive Settlements of the River Delaware_, Philadelphia, 1828.

[862] That no doubt should exist regarding the accuracy of these dates, we have had Penn’s letter to the Lords of Plantation in the State-Paper Office, London, examined, and in it the 24th is clearly written. This is confirmed by the original draft of his letter to the Free Society of Traders, in which the same date of arrival is given. The “New Castle County old Records transcribed,” quoted by Hazard, give the 27th as the time of his arrival before that town, and the 28th as the day on which he took official possession. These statements are verified by the Breviate of Penn vs. Lord Baltimore, in which the original Newcastle Records appear to have been quoted, since the volumes and folios referred to differ from those given by Hazard.

[863] This conclusion has been reached by examining the evidence we have in strict chronological order. There is nothing to show that Penn met the Indians in council until May, 1683. At this conference the Indians either failed to understand him, or refused to sell him land. His next meeting with them was on June 23, 1683. He then purchased land from them, and the promises of friendship quoted on a former page were exchanged. It is a significant fact that while there is scarcely any allusion to the Indians in his letters prior to the meeting of June 23, subsequent to that time they are full of descriptions of them, and of accounts of his intercourse with them.

[864] [The elm-tree known as the Treaty-tree which was long venerated as the one under which the interview was held, was blown down in 1810, and a picture of it taken in 1809 is preserved in the Historical Society. (Cf. _Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the Historical Society_, no. 167. Cf. views in Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, ii. 493; Watson’s _Annals of Philadelphia_; one of the latter part of the last century in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 186.) For the monument on the spot, see Lossing’s _Field Book of the Revolution_, ii. 254. It is well known that Benjamin West made the scene of the treaty the subject of a large historical painting. The original first deed given by the Indians to Markham is in the possession of the Historical Society. Cf. _Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the Historical Society_, no. 174.

William Rawle’s address before the Pennsylvania Historical Society in 1825 was upon Penn’s method of dealing with the Indians as compared with the customs obtaining in the other colonies. (Cf. _Historical Magazine_, vi. 64.) Fac-similes of the marks of many Indian chiefs, as put to documents from 1682 to 1785, are given in _Pennsylvania Archives_, vol. i.—ED.]

[865] [Cf. also _Pennsylvania Archives_, 2d series, vol. vii. There is a map illustrating the boundary dispute in _Pennsylvania Archives_ (1739), i. 595; cf. Neill’s _Terra Maria_, chap. v., Hazard’s _Register of Pennsylvania_, ii. 200, and Mr. Brantley’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[866] S. R. Gardiner’s _Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage_, i. 164.

[867] S. R. Gardiner’s _Personal Government of Charles I._, ii. 290.

[868] In the Maryland Historical Society are preserved the original manuscript records of courts baron and leet held in St. Clement’s manor at different times from 1659 to 1672.]

[869] _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus._ London, 1878, iii. 362.

[870] [See _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. 278.—ED.]

[871] At a session of the Assembly held in Januuary, 1648, an incident occurred which annalists have generally deemed worthy of mention as the first instance of a demand of political rights for women. Miss Margaret Brent—who was the administratix of Governor Calvert, and as such held to be the attorney, in fact, of Lord Baltimore—applied to the Assembly to have a vote in the House for herself, and another as his lordship’s attorney.

Upon the refusal of her demand, the lady protested in form against all the proceedings of the House. The Assembly afterwards defended her from the censures passed by Lord Baltimore upon her management of his affairs in the Province.

[872] [See Vol. IV.—ED.]

[873] See chapter x.—ED.

[874] See chapter xii.—ED.

[875] [It is reprinted in the _Magazine of American History_, i. 118.—ED.]

[876] A copy of the original, which is very rare, is in the British Museum. It was reprinted by Munsell, of Albany, as No. 1 of Shea’s _Early Southern Tracts_. [It is suggested in the preface of the reprint, which was edited by Colonel Brantz Mayer, that it “was perhaps prepared by Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, from the letters of his brothers, Leonard and George Calvert, who went out with the expedition.” It was also reprinted in the _Historical Magazine_, October, 1865—ED.]

[877] This second tract was reprinted by Sabin, of New York, in 1865 [under the editing of Francis L. Hawks. A perfect copy should have a map, engraved by T. Cecill, “Noua Terræ-Mariæ tabula.” It is often wanting, as in the Harvard College copy; it is, however, in the Library of Congress copy. Sabin reproduced it full size, and a reduced fac-simile of it is given in Scharf’s _History of Maryland_, i. 259. Another is given in the text. The _Chalmers Catalogue_ says that at the time of the boundary disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania the only copy to be found was in the Sir Hans Sloane Collection. See the _Sparks Catalogue_, and the _Huth Catalogue_, iii. 926.—ED.]

[878] [Dr. Dalrymple was born in Baltimore, in 1817, and was for twenty-four years the Corresponding Secretary of the Maryland Historical Society. He is said to have possessed the largest private library (over 14,000 volumes) south of Pennsylvania. He died Oct. 30, 1881.—_Necrology_ (1881) _of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia_.—ED.]

[879] [In 1844 Georgetown College presented to the Maryland Historical Society a copy of McSherry’s transcript of the _Relatio Itineris_; and in 1847 Dr. N. C. Brooks made a translation from this copy, which was later printed in _Force’s Tracts_, iv. No. 12. The Latin text, with a revision of Brooks’s version, was printed privately in the _Woodstock Letters_, in 1872. Two years later (1874) the Maryland Historical Society reprinted it as stated in the text, following, however, the original McSherry transcript, which had been transferred to Loyola College, Baltimore. This, however, then wanted the concluding pages, but in 1875 the whole was found, which necessitated the printing of a supplement to the _Fund Publication_ of the Society (No. 7) which contained it. The later version of Converse is largely reprinted in Scharf’s _Maryland_, i. 69, etc.

Various accounts of Father White have been printed: B. U. Campbell’s in the _Metropolitan Catholic Almanac_, 1841, and in the _United States Catholic Magazine_, vol. vii. Mr. Campbell also read before the Historical Society a paper on _Early Missions in Maryland_, and printed a chapter on the same subject in the _United States Catholic Magazine_ in 1846. There is also an account of Father White, by Richard H. Clarke, in the _Baltimore Metropolitan_, iv. (1856), and a sketch in the _Woodstock Letters_. Upon all these is based the account in the _Fund Publication_ already mentioned. Other accounts of the Maryland missions may be found in Shea’s _Early Catholic Missions_; and in Henry Foley’s _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus_, London, 1878, vol. iii. Mr. Neill has used this last in his tract, _Light Thrown by the Jesuits upon Hitherto Obscure Points of Early Maryland History_, Minneapolis. See also his _Eng. Col._, ch. xv.—ED.]

[880] Reprinted in Force’s _Historical Tracts_, vol. ii. There is a copy of it in Harvard College Library.

[881] The documents transmitted by Bennett and Matthews to the Protector, during their contest with Lord Baltimore in 1656, may be found in Thurloe’s _State Papers_, v. 482-486. Copies of Strong’s and Langford’s rare tracts are in the Boston Athenæum.

[882] Reprinted in Force’s _Historical Tracts_, vol. iii. There is a copy of it in Harvard College Library. See Sabin, viii. 30276.

[883] Reprinted in Gowan’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, No. 5. New York, 1869. [This edition has a map, with introduction and notes by John Gilmary Shea. It has again been reissued as one of the _Fund Publications_ of the Maryland Historical Society.—ED.]

[884] It is reprinted in Scharf’s _Maryland_, i. 174.

[885] [The early Quakers of Maryland have been the subject of two publications of the Historical Society: one by J. Saurin Norris, issued in 1862; and the other, Dr. Samuel A. Harrison’s _Wenlock Christison and the early Friends in Talbot County_, 1878. See also Neill’s _Terra Mariæ_, ch. iv. On Wenlock Christison see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 187.—ED.]

[886] This manuscript volume is in the possession of the Maryland Historical Society. An Index to the Calendar was printed in 1861.

[887] In 1860 another valuable report to the governor on the condition of the public records was made by the Rev. Ethan Allen, D. D.

[888] Cf. Preface to Alexander’s Calendar.

[889] Published in the Master of the Rolls series. [The Peabody Index is described in Lewis Mayer’s account of the library, 1854.—ED.]

[890] The Maryland Historical Society has a manuscript copy of some of the Sloane manuscripts in the British Museum, pertaining to the first Lord Baltimore and Maryland. Mr. Alexander gave to the State Library at Annapolis some of the manuscripts relating to Maryland in Sion College, London. A number of the Maryland papers in the state-paper office have been published in Scharf’s _History of Maryland_, and in the _Report on the Virginia and Maryland Boundary Line, 1873_. The Journal of the Dutch Embassy to Maryland in 1659, and some of the communications between the Maryland Council and the Dutch at New Amstel have been published in _Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York_, ii. 84 _et seq._ The _1880 Index_, p. 246, to accessions of manuscripts in the British Museum shows various papers of Cecil Calvert.

[891] A description of the occupations of the planters of Maryland, and of the culture of tobacco by them in the year 1680, is contained in the “Journal of a voyage to New York and a Tour in several of the American colonies,” by Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluyter, published in the _Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society_, vol. i. pp. 194, 214-216, 218-221.

[892] An article in _Lippincott’s Magazine_ for July, 1871, describes the topography and the present condition of St. Mary’s.

[893] There is a fine portrait of the first Lord Baltimore in the gallery of the Earl of Verulam at Glastonbury, England. It was painted by Mytens, court painter to James I. An engraving from it is in the possession of the Maryland Historical Society. In 1882 a copy of this portrait was presented to the State of Maryland by John W. Garrett, Esq. It is engraved in McSherry’s _Maryland_, p. 21, as from an original in the great gallery of Sir Francis Bacon; and again in S. H. Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, i. 485. An engraved portrait of Cecilius, second Lord Baltimore, at the age of fifty-one, made by Blotling, in 1657, is in the possession of the Maryland Historical Society. Engravings of these portraits of the two lords are given in the present chapter.

The Baltimore arms are those of Calverts, quartered with Crosslands. The Calvert arms are barry of six, or and sable, over all a bend counterchanged. Crosslands: quarterly, argent and gules, over all a cross bottony counterchanged. Lord Baltimore used: quarterly, first and fourth paly of six, or and sable, a bend counterchanged; second and third, quarterly, argent and gules, a cross bottony counterchanged. _Crest_: on a ducal coronet proper, two pennons, the dexter or, the sinister sable; the staves, gules. _Supporters_: two leopards, guardant coward, proper. _Motto: Fatti maschii, parole femine._

The first great seal of the Province was lost during Ingle’s Rebellion; and in 1648 the Proprietary sent out another seal, slightly different. This seal had engraven on one side the figure of the Proprietary in armor on horseback, with drawn sword and a helmet with a great plume of feathers, the trappings being adorned with the family arms. The inscription round about this side was: _Cecilius absolutus dominus Terra Mariæ et Avaloniæ Baro de Baltimore_. On the other side of the seal was engraven a scutcheon with the family arms; namely, six pieces impaled with a band dexter counterchanged, quartered with a cross bottony, and counterchanged; the whole scutcheon being supported with a fisherman on one side and a ploughman on the other (in the place of the family leopards), standing upon a scroll, whereon the Baltimore motto was inscribed; namely, _Fatti maschii, parole femine_. Above the scutcheon was a count-palatine’s cap, and over that a helmet, with the crest of the family arms; namely, a ducal crown with two half bannerets set upright. Behind the scutcheon and supporters was engraven a large ermine mantle, and the inscription about this side of the seal was, _Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos_. In 1657 Lord Baltimore sent out another seal, similar in design, which was used till 1705. Subsequent changes were made in the seal and arms of the Province and State, but in 1876 the last described side of the Great Seal sent out in 1648 was adopted as the arms of Maryland. A full account of the pedigree of the Calverts will be found in _An Appeal to the citizens of Maryland, from the legitimate descendants of the Baltimore family_, by Charles Browning, Baltimore, 1821. [Fuller’s _Worthies of England_ and Anthony Wood’s _Athenæ Oxoniensis_ give us important facts regarding the first Lord Baltimore. See John G. Morris’s _The Lords Baltimore, 1874_, No. 8 of the _Fund Publications_ of the Historical Society; and Neill’s _English Colonization in North America_, ch. xi.—ED.]

[894] [He undertook it at the instance of Sir John Dalrymple. See his chapters ix. and xv. See, also, his _Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the American Colonies_. Chalmers had come to Maryland in 1763 to give legal assistance to an uncle in pursuing a land claim. Many of his papers were bought at his sale by Sparks, and are now in Harvard College Library.—ED.]

[895] [Compare George William Brown’s _Origin and Growth of Civil Liberty in Maryland_, a discourse before the Historical Society in 1850. And Brantz Mayer’s _Calvert and Penn_,—a discourse before the Pennsylvania Historical Society in 1852.—ED.]

[896] [Bozman was born in 1757 and died in 1823. He had published in 1811 a preliminary _Sketch of the History of Maryland during the three first years after its Settlement_. Some of the old records, supposed to have been lost since he used them, were found at Annapolis in 1875, and serve to show the accuracy with which he copied them. Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, i. 515.—ED.]

[897] New Series, vol. ix.

[898] [Following Chalmers, it had been often stated that the Assembly of 1649 was Catholic by majority; but four or five years before this publication of Davis, Mr. Sebastian F. Streeter, in his _Maryland Two Hundred Years Ago_, had claimed that the Assembly which passed the Toleration Act was by majority Protestant, for which, so late as January, 1869, he was taken to task in the _Southern Review_ by Richard McSherry, M.D., who reprinted his paper in his _Essays and Lectures_. The question of the relations of Protestant and Catholic to the spirit of toleration is discussed by E. D. Neill, in his “Lord Baltimore and Toleration in Maryland,” in the _Contemporary Review_, September, 1876; by B. F. Brown, in his _Early Religious History of Maryland: Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony_, 1876; in “Early Catholic Legislation, 1634-49, on Religious Freedom,” in the _New Englander_, November, 1878. The Rev. Ethan Allen, in his _Who were the Early Settlers of Maryland?_ published by the Historical Society in 1865, aimed to show that the vast majority were Protestant. Kennedy also had asserted that the Assembly of 1649 was Protestant.—ED.]

[899] [He says in his preface that he picked up his threads from the printed sources in the Library of Congress while he was one of the Secretaries of President Johnson.—ED.]

[900] [The principal of Mr. Neill’s other contributions are _The Founders of Maryland as portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial Records, and early Documents_, published by Munsell, of Albany, in 1876; and _English Colonization of America_, chapters xi., xii., and xiii., where he first printed Captain Henry Fleet’s Journal of 1631. Streeter, in his Papers, etc., gives an account of Fleet.—Mr. Neill also printed _Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony_, Minneapolis, 1875.—ED.]

[901] A manuscript copy of this charter, both in Latin and English, is in the Maryland Historical Society. Many writers, including the Rev. E. D. Neill, so late as 1871, in his _English Colonization in the Seventeenth Century_, have made the mistake of supposing that the charter of Maryland was copied from the charter of Carolina, granted in 1629 to Sir Robert Heath. The last two named charters were both copied from the charter of Avalon, issued in 1623. [The Maryland charter of June 20, 1632, is printed by Scharf, i. 53, following Thomas Bacon’s translation, as given in his edition of the Laws, Annapolis, 1765; where is also the original Latin, which is likewise in Hazard’s _Collection_, i. 327. Lord Baltimore had printed it in London, in 1723, in a collection of the Acts, 1692-1715,—an edition which Bacon had never found in the Province. See the _Brinley Catalogue_, No. 3657. The Philadelphia Library has an edition printed in Philadelphia in 1718.—ED.]

[902] [The Rev. John G. Morris, D.D., began a Bibliography of Maryland in the _Historical Magazine_ (April and May, 1870), but it was never carried beyond “Baltimore.” If a topical index is furnished to Sabin’s _Dictionary_, when completed, it may supply the deficiency; but in the mean time the articles “Baltimore” and “Maryland” can be consulted. Of the local works references may be made to a few: George A. Hanson’s _Old Kent_, 1876, is largely genealogical, and not lucidly arranged. T. W. Griffith published in 1821 his _Sketches of the Early History of Maryland_, and in 1841 his _Annals of Baltimore_. J. T. Scharf published his _Chronicles of Baltimore_ in 1874. David Ridgely published in 1841 his _Annals of Annapolis_ (1649-1872). Rev. Ethan Allen’s _Historical Notes of St. Ann’s Parish_ (1649-1857), appeared in 1857; and George Johnstone’s _History of Cecil County_ in 1881.—ED.]

[903] [Mr. Kennedy’s reply appeared in the _United States Catholic Magazine_, and Mr. Michael Courtney Jenkins printed a rejoinder in the same number.—ED.]

[904] [Mr. Gladstone was answered by Dr. Richard H. Clarke, in the _Catholic World_, December, 1875, in a paper which was later issued as a pamphlet, with the title, _Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration_. Mr. Gladstone had reissued his _Vaticanism_ essays with a preface, styling the book, _Rome and the Newest Fashions in Religion_, in which he reiterated his arguments.

It is perhaps largely owing to the deficiency of early personal narratives bearing upon Maryland history and throwing light upon character, that there is so much diversity of opinion regarding the interpretation to be put on the charter as an instrument inculcating toleration. The shades of dissent, too, are marked. Hildreth, _History of the United States_, says, “There is not the least hint of any toleration in religion not authorized by the law of England.” Henry Cabot Lodge, _Short History of the English Colonies_, p. 96, says, “There is no toleration about the Maryland charter.” Some light regarding Calvert, on the side of doubt, may be gathered from Gardiner’s _Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage_.

In Baltimore’s controversy with Clayborne, the side of the latter has been espoused by Mr. Streeter in his _Life and Colonial Times of William Claiborne_, which he has left in manuscript, and of which an abstract of the part relating to Clayborne’s Rebellion is given by Mr. S. M. Allen in the _New England Historical and Genealogical Register_, April, 1873. Mr. Streeter was of New England origin, a graduate of Harvard (1831), and had removed to Richmond in 1835, and to Baltimore the following year, where he had been one of the founders, and was long the Recording Secretary of the Maryland Historical Society. He contributed also in 1868 to its _Fund Publication_ (No. 2), _The First Commander of Kent Island_,—an account of George Evelin, under whose administration the island passed into Calvert’s control. This tract has been reprinted in G. D. Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, privately printed at Oxford (England), 1881. Streeter’s “Fall of the Susquehannocks,” a chapter of Maryland’s Indian history, 1675, appeared in the _Historical Magazine_, March, 1857, being an extract only from a voluminous manuscript work by him on the Susquehannocks.—ED.]

[905] [Lewis Mayer published an account of its library, cabinets, and gallery in 1854; and No. 1 of its _Fund Publications_ is Brantz Mayer’s _History, Possessions, and Prospects of the Society_, 1867.—ED.]

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

—Obvious errors were corrected.