Chapter XCVI: Eastern Indian Crania: Face

--------------------+-------------------------------
| Prosthion-nasion height
--------------------+---------------+---------------
| Males | Females
Group +---------+-----+---------+-----
|Number of| |Number of|
|specimens|P.-N.|specimens|P.-N.
| | | |
--------------------+---------+-----+---------+-----
| |_cm._| |_cm._
New Jersey | | | |
(Heye collection) | (7) | 7.15| (5) | 6.9
New Jersey (earlier)| — | — | (11) | 6.8
Virginia (Valentine | | | |
collection) | (4) | 7.3 | (5) | 6.9
Maine | (3) | 7.4 | (4) | 6.8
Massachusetts | (8) | 7.4 | (15) | 7
Rhode Island | (3) | 7.4 | (4) | 7.1
Connecticut | — | — | (2) | 6.85
New York State | (10) | 7.4 | (11) | 6.9
Staten Island | (3) | 7.45| (2) | 6.5
Virginia | | | |
(miscellaneous) | (2) | 7.5 | — | —
Long Island | (4) | 7.5 | (4) | 7
Southeastern Canada | (7) | 7.8 | (5) | 6.75
Manhattan Island | (2) | 7.95| — | —
--------------------+---------+-----+---------+-----
| Diameter bizygomatic maximum
--------------------+---------------+----------------
| Males | Females
+---------+-----+---------+------
Group |Number of| D. |Number of| D.
|specimens|biz. |specimens|biz.
| |max. | |max.
--------------------+---------+-----+---------+------
| |_cm._| |_cm._
Rhode Island | (6) |13.35| (3) | 13
Maine | (2) |13.45| (4) | 12.95
Massachusetts | (7) |13.7 | (8) | 12.7
Connecticut | (2) |13.8 | (2) | 12.3
Long Island | (4) |13.85| (4) | 12.95
Virginia (Valentine | | | |
collection) | (4) |13.85| (6) | 13.1
New Jersey (earlier)| — | — | (9) | 12.7
New Jersey | | | |
(Heye collection) | (7) |13.9 | (6) | 12.8
New York State | (13) |14.05| (9) | 13.1
Eastern Canada | (9) |14.1 | (5) | 12.6
Manhattan Island | (1) |14.3 | — | —
Staten Island | (3) |14.7 | (2) | 12.65
Virginia | | | |
(miscellaneous) | (2) |14.7 | — | —
--------------------+---------+-----+---------+------

ORBITS

While describing, in 1902, the skulls of the more easterly Lenape, the writer was impressed by the occasional appearance of very low orbits, and considered at the time the possibility of this feature being characteristic of the tribe. The present examination shows, however, that remarkably low orbits were frequent among some of the tribes of the eastern Algonquians, and that the Munsee and Lenape skulls occupy, with respect to the average orbital index, only a median position. The lowest orbits in the mean were found among the males of Long Island and of the North Atlantic states. Maine and Massachusetts again stand exceedingly close together, with fairly low indexes, while Manhattan Island and Staten Island are about medium. The females of Staten Island show in this, as in other respects, a lack of harmony with the males, with lower index. The highest orbits are found in the skulls from southeastern Canada and Rhode Island, and in both of the series from Virginia. On the whole, the extensive variation of the absolute and relative dimensions of the orbits among the eastern Algonquians (and Iroquois) is very remarkable. Its chief cause in the males is the unequal development of the supraorbital ridges; in the females, excepting in two or three groups, the proportions and indexes are more nearly alike.