Chapter I: Munsee Crania: Measurements Relating to the Form of the Vault17

LEGEND:
A = Length, maximum
B = Breadth, maximum
C = Height(basion-bregma)
D = Cephalic index (b × 100)/x
E = Height-length index (z × 100)/x
F = Height-breadth index (z × 100)/y

MALES
-------+------------------+------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
| | | | | | |
| | (A) | (B)| (C) | (D) | (E) | (F)
Cat. | | | | | | |
No., | Deformation | | | | | |
U.S.N.M.| | | | | | |
| | (x) | (y) | (z) | | |
-------+------------------+------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
| | _cm._| _cm._| _cm._ | | |
285,303|(Slight asymmetry)| 18.9 | 13.3 | 14.2 |70.4 |75.1 |106.8
285,308| | 19.8 | 14.6 | 13.8 |73.7 |69.7 | 94.5
285,306| | 18.7 | 14 | 14 |74.9 |74.9 |100.0
285,313| | 18.8 | 14.4 | 13.7 |76.6 |72.9 | 95.1
285,326|Slight occipital | | | | | |
| flattening |(17.7)|(13.7)|(14.4) | — | — | —
285,301|Moderate occipital| | | | | |
| flattening |(17.8)|(15.1)|(14.6) | — | — | —
285,305| do. |(17.0)|(14.6)|(13.7) | — | — | —
| +------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
| | (4) | (4) | (4) | (4) | (4) | (4)
|Averages of | | | | | |
| undeformed | 19.05| 14.1 | 13.9 |73.9 |73.1 | 98.9
-------+------------------+------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
FEMALES
-------+------------------+------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
285,309| | 18.2 | 13.3 | 13.1 |73.1 |72 | 98.5
285,327| | 17.6 | 13.1 | 12.4 |74.4 |70.5 | 94.7
285,307|Trace of | | | | | |
| fronto-occipita | | | | | |
| flattening[18] | 16.9 | 13 | 12.9 |76.9 |76.3 | 99.2
285,320| | 17.4 | 13.4 | 13 |77 |74.7 | 97
285,347| | 18 | 14 | 13 |77.8 |72.2 | 92.9
285,302|Moderate occipital| | | | | |
| flattening |(16.0)|(41.1)|(13.2) | — | — | —
285,304| do. |(16.6)|(14.3)|(14.2) | — | — | —
285,310| do. |(16.9)|(14.4)|(14.2) | — | — | —
285,321|Marked occipital | | | | | |
| with slight | | | | | |
| frontal | | | | | |
| flattening |(16.4)|(14.5)|(14.2) | — | — | —
| +------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----
| | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5)
|Averages | | | | | |
| undeformed | 17.6 | 13.4 | 12.9 |75.8 |73.1 | 96.4
-------+------------------+------+------+--------+-----+-----+-----

[17] Arranged on the basis of the cephalic index.

[18] Not sufficient to vitiate the measurements.

Attention may be called to the lower value of the average cephalic index and the higher value of the average height-breadth index in the males than in the females. These conditions, due to the relatively greater length and also to the relatively greater height of the male skull, are not exceptional and will later be found to be quite general among Eastern Indians.

The identical value of the average height-length index in the two sexes is of no special significance and is probably incidental.

In the deformed skulls we see the usual effect of the flattening by the lessening of the length and a compensatory increase in both breadth and height.

SIZE OF THE SKULL

The principal determinations relating to the size of the vault are the cranial module or mean diameter, the capacity, the circumference, and the antero-posterior arc, all of which are given in the next table, where also is shown the thickness of the skull, which is of importance as a corrective to the external dimensions.