Chapter LX: The Form of the Scapula: Munsee and Comparative

MALES
----------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------
| | | Type | |
People |Specimens|Indefinite| 1 or |Type 3 |Type 4[75]
| | | near 1| |
----------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------
| | Per ct. |Per ct.|Per ct.| Per ct.
Munsee | (8) | — | 12 | — | 38
Peruvian Indians| (57) | 10.5 | 21 | 3.5 | 5
United States | | | | |
whites | | | | |
(miscellaneous) | (168) | 4.8 | 28 | 9.5 | 9.5
United States | | | | |
negroes | (40) | — | 22.5 | 5 | 17.5
----------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+--------
FEMALES
----------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------
Munsee | (11) | — | 27 | — | 27
Peruvian Indians| (38) | — | 29 | 5 | 5
United States | | | | |
whites | | | | |
(miscellaneous) | (118) | 1.7 | 32.2 | 13.6 | 15.2
United States | | | | |
negroes | (16) | — | — | 25 | 19
----------------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------
MALES
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------
| | | |
People | Type 5 | near 5 | Type 6 | near 6
| | | |
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------
|_Per ct._|_Per ct._|_Per ct._|_Per ct._
Munsee | 50 | — | — | —
Peruvian Indians| 5 | — | 37 | 17.5
United States | | | |
whites | | | |
(miscellaneous) | 17.9| 7.7 | 14.3 | 8.3
United States | | | |
negroes | 32 | 2.5 | 15 | 5
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------
FEMALES
----------------+-------+-------+-------+---------
Munsee | 27 | 18 | — | —
Peruvian Indians| 39 | 11 | 8 | 3
United States | | | |
whites | | | |
(miscellaneous) | 16.1 | 8.5 | 8.5| 4.2
United States | | | |
negroes | 37.5 | 6 | — | 12.5
----------------+-------+-------+-------+---------

[75] The fourth, or _teres major_, border is present also, of course, in all instances of type 5, and in most specimens of type 4. It is particularly common in the Peruvian scapulæ.

_Superior border._—The form of the superior border of the scapula can be divided for purposes of description into (1) horizontal or slightly rising and forming a right or nearly right angle with a vertical line passing upward from the base of the coracoid; (2) moderately rising or oblique and straight or but slightly curved, forming with the coracoid vertical an angle of between 85 and 55°; (3) markedly oblique, forming with the coracoid vertical an angle of less than 55°; (4) angular or deep saddle-shaped, which is of special importance anthropologically; and (5) markedly concave or semilunar (see pl. 25). In rare instances a form (6) occurs, in which the border is low and moderately convex, and another (7) in which it is markedly concavo-convex; and, finally, there occurs now and then an indeterminate form (I), which can not be classified.

_a_ THE SEVENTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF FEMALE MUNSEE SKELETON NO. 285,311, U.S.N.M., WITH A CERVICAL RIB

_b_ SCAPULA OF FEMALE MUNSEE SKELETON NO. 285,328, U.S.N.M., SHOWING SEMILUNAR SHAPE OF THE SUPERIOR BORDER]