Chapter I: Skeletal Remains of the Munsee

Page
Introduction 11
Condition of the collection 15
General 15
Age and sex 15
Artificial deformation 16
Pathology 16
The crania 19
General observations: Differences in type 19
Chief descriptive features 20
Measurements 20
Form of the vault 20
Size of the skull 22
Relation of size of skull to stature 23
Size and shape of the face 25
Orbits. Nose 27
Prognathism 28
Palate 30
Foramen magnum 31
Lower jaw 32
Detailed observations on the crania 32
The vault: Forehead 32
Sagittal region 33
Temporo-parietal region 33
Occiput 34
Sutures: Serration 34
Occlusion of sutures 35
Wormian bones 35
Bregma and Inca bones 36
Parietal foramina 36
Retromastoid foramina 37
Mastoids 37
Supraorbital ridges 38
Nasion depression 39
Nasal bridge 39
Nasal bones 40
Nasal aperture 40
Nasal spine 40
Orbits 41
Suborbital fossæ 41
Malar bones. Zygomæ 42
Upper alveolar arch 42
Lower jaw 43
Palate 43
Base of the skull 43
Glenoid fossæ 43
Floor of the auditory meatus 44
Styloid processes 44
Middle lacerated foramina.
Posterior lacerated foramina 45
Depressions of the petrous portions 46
Pterygo-basal foramina 46
Posterior condylic foramina 47
Miscellaneous anomalies 47
The teeth 48
Dentition 48
Loss and decay 48
Wear 48
Size, quality, shovel-shaped incisors 48
Anomalies 49
Cuspids 49
Summary of measurements and observations on the crania 50
The bones 52
Humerus 52
General observations 52
Detailed observations 55
Shape of the shaft 55
Perforation of the septum 55
Supracondyloid process 56
Radius 56
Ulna 57
Femur 58
General observations 58
Measurements 58
Humero-femoral index 61
The shaft 61
Platymery 63
Special characteristics of the femora 65
Linea aspera 66
Shape of the shaft 66
Third trochanter 66
Tibia 67
Fibula 70
Clavicle 71
Sternum 72
Scapula 73
General features 73
Descriptive features 75
Type of body 75
Superior border 76
Scapular notch 78
Ribs 79
Spine 80
Sacrum 81
General observations and measurements 81
Segments 82
Curvature 82
Ossa innominata and pelvis 83
The ossa innominata 83
The pelvis as a whole 85
Short and other bones 87
Patella 87
Bones of the hand 90
Bones of the feet 91
First metatarsal 91
Os calcis 93
Articular facets for astragalus 95
Astragalus 96
Scaphoid 99
Cuboid 102
Internal cuneiform 104
External and middle cuneiform 106
Summary of measurements and observations on parts
of the Munsee skeleton other than the skull 106

II. EASTERN INDIAN CRANIA IN GENERAL
General observations 110
Cranial index 114
Height of skull 116
Size of skull 117
Facial measurements 119
Height of the face 119
Breadth of the face 119
Orbits 120
Nasal index 121
Palate 122
Prognathism 122