Chapter LXXX: Os Calcis: Comparison

MALES
-----------------------+---------+-------+--------+-------
|Number of|Length,|Breadth,|Height,
Group |specimens|maximum|minimum |minimum
| | |of body |of body
-----------------------+---------+-------+--------+-------
| | _cm._ | _cm._ | _cm._
Munsee | (29) | 8.07 | 2.77 | 4.04
Arkansas and Louisiana | (34) | 8 | 2.75 | 3.97
Southern Utah | | | |
cliff-dwellers | (50) | 7.72 | 2.81 | 4.05
Southwest and Mexico | (16) | 7.85 | 2.67 | 4.01
United States whites | (55) | 8.33 | 2.85 | 4.20
-----------------------+---------+-------+--------+-------
FEMALES
-----------------------+---------+-------+--------+-------
Munsee | (22) | 7.3 | 2.4 | 3.6
Arkansas and Louisiana | (12) | 7.3 | 2.45 | 3.5
Southern Utah | | | |
cliff-dwellers | (30) | 6.92 | 2.43 | 3.56
Southwest and Mexico | (13) | 7.1 | 2.4 | 3.43
United States whites | (30) | 7.87 | 2.43 | 3.81
-----------------------+---------+-------+--------+-------

MALES
-----------------------+-------+--------+--------
|Module |Breadth-|Breadth-
Group | |length |height
| |index |index
-----------------------+-------+--------+--------
| _cm._ | |
Munsee | 4.76 | 34.1 | 67.9
Arkansas and Louisiana | 4.91 | 34.5 | 69.3
Southern Utah | | |
cliff-dwellers | 4.86 | 36.4 | 69.4
Southwest and Mexico | 4.84 | 34 | 66.5
United States whites | 5.13 | 34.1 | 67.7
-----------------------+-------+--------+--------
FEMALES
-----------------------+-------+--------+--------
Munsee | 4.43 | 32.6 | 66.2
Arkansas and Louisiana | 4.42 | 33.7 | 70.3
Southern Utah | | |
cliff-dwellers | 4.30 | 35.1 | 68.3
Southwest and Mexico | 4.31 | 33.8 | 70.1
United States whites | 4.71 | 30.9 | 63.7
-----------------------+-------+--------+--------

_Articular Facets for Astragalus_

As to visual observations on the os calcis, the greatest interest attaches probably to the number and conformation of the articular facets for the astragalus. These facets may be two in number, anterior and posterior. But the anterior facet may be divided into two by a ridge; or it may be replaced by two facets, anterior and median, completely separated by a narrow to moderately broad groove or space; or, finally, in place of the single oblong anterior facet there may be a small to rudimentary anterior and a medium sized median facet, separated by a broad and deep notch.

The percental distribution of these facets among the Munsee, the Arkansas and Louisiana mound Indians, and the United States whites, is given below. There is a remarkable similarity in the frequency of occurrence of the two main forms (two and three facets) in all three groups among the males, but the females show slight irregularity.