Chapter XVIII: Air Craft and Motor Vehicles in War (2)

Abandoning selected line of march, 82, 101.
Abandonment of wounded, 318, 351.
Abbreviations in orders, 41.
Abatis, 217, 261.
Access to trains, by troops, 57, 84, 144, 145, 159,
169, 181, 183, 365.
Accompanying batteries, 124.
Adjustment, fire for, _See Artillery_.
Administrative orders, _See Orders_.
Advance cavalry, _See Cavalry and Advance guard_.
ADVANCE GUARD, 56.
action, 228.
advance party, 56, 57.
aggressive action by, 63, 229, 296.
ambulance company with, 57, 318.
artillery with, 57, 127, 337, 338, 339.
artillery officer with, 112, 113, 128,
133, 141.
attack, occasions for, 229.
bridge train with, 340.
bringing on a general engagement, 63, 229.
camp of, 356.
cavalry, 56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 147, 338.
civilians not to precede, 62, 63.
composition, 56, 57, 337.
conduct on encountering enemy, 63, 296.
connecting files, 61.
contact with enemy, 62.
contact with flank guard, 62, 81.
contact with supporting troops, 62, 81.
covering main body in attack, 63, 209,
229, 296.
on the march, 204.
detail of outpost from, 170, 356.
distances, 60, 66, 67, 337.
distribution of troops, 64.
effect of terrain on tactics of, 62, 64.
engineers with, 56, 57, 337,
340.
field trains of, 57, 58.
in change of direction of march, 91.
in defense, 234.
in flank march, 79.
in position in readiness, 230, 308.
in pursuit, 229.
in rencontre, 123, 296.
in retreat, 57, 85.
initial point for march, 58, 88.
integrity of tactical units in forming, 57, 337.
interference of routes, 58, 59.
location of camp, 355.
machine guns with, 56, 306.
march outposts placed by, 62, 190, 201.
miscellaneous duties, 62.
mission of, 62, 63, 64,
147, 229, 296.
mounted orderlies with, 56, 61.
of a convoy, 97, 98, 99.
of a division, 337.
orders, 58, 59, 60.
outpost troops join, 58.
patrols, _See Patrols_, 56, 61.
place of commander, 62.
reconnaissance, 57, 60, 64.
in force, 63.
regiment assigned to holding attack, 226.
in brigade attack, 209.
provides security to front during
occupation of position, 234.
regulation of march, 60, 64, 88.
rotation of organizations in, 85, 337, 338.
route of, 58.
sanitary troops with, 57, 318, 337.
seizes post and telegraph offices, etc., 62.
signal troops with, 56, 337, 340.
starting march, 58, 64, 88.
strength, 56, 79, 296, 337.
as affected by independent cavalry, 56, 85.
subdivisions of, 56, 60, 61, 64.
support, 56, 62.
supreme commander with, 62, 85, 86,
225, 230,
297, 337.
Advance in two columns, 29, 30, 31,
78, 79, 91,
95, 149, 339.
Advance party, strength and duty, 56.
patrolling, 57.
Advance supply depot, 363, 365, 366, 367, 375.
distance in rear of troops, 364, 367, 370, 371, 372.
protection of, 373.
Advance, zone of, 363, 364.
Advanced posts, 230, 231, 235, 296, 310.
Advancing to attack, 209, 223, 277, 326, 346.
Advantages, relative, of frontal and enveloping attacks, 206,
209, 344.
relative, of rail and motor transport, 387.
Advantages of single position in defense, 74, 235, 310.
AEROPLANES, _See Air craft, Airships, Reconnaissance_.
armor and armament, 382, 383.
artillery spotters, 382.
battleplanes, 382.
care and repair of, 382.
carrying capacity, 381.
characteristics, 381.
chief function, 381, 383.
crews, 381.
dependability, 381, 386.
destroyers, 382.
difficulty of hitting, 138, 139, 381.
direction of artillery fire by, 131, 384.
effect of darkness, rain, fog, high winds, etc., 149, 386.
engines, 382.
fragility of, 382.
fuel carried, 381.
hydroaeroplanes, 383.
machine guns, 307, 382, 383.
motor transport for, 382, 389.
need of trained personnel, 382.
observers, 381.
organization of, 382.
pilots, 381, 382.
practicable height of observation, 138, 139,
384, 385.
radius of action, 381, 383.
rapidity of development, 382.
scout type, 382.
spare parts for, 382.
speed, 381, 382.
types, 382.
volplaning, 383.
vulnerability to fire, 138, 139, 383,
384, 385, 386.
wireless equipment, 131, 382, 384.
Aero reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
Agents of communication, mounted orderlies as, 46.
Agents, artillery, _See Artillery_.
Aggressive tactics, _See Counter attack_.
by advance guard, 63, 229, 296.
by escort of convoy, 98, 102.
by rear guard, 75.
essential to success, 204, 205.
in defense, 204, 236.
in delaying action, 75, 204, 297,
299.
in pursuit, 300, 301.
in rencontre, 231, 295.
Aid stations, regimental, 222, 224,
255, 319.
Aimed fire, small arms, 325, 326.
Aiming points, _See Artillery_.
AIR CRAFT, _See Aeroplanes, Airships, Reconnaissance_, 381.
command of the air, 384.
communication by, 150, 384.
defense against, 138, 385.
dependability, 381, 386.
development, 381.
powers and limitations, 381, 386.
radius of observation, 385.
raids, 384.
tactical analogy to sea craft, 382, 384, 385.
Air screen, 138, 384, 385.
AIRSHIPS, _See Aeroplanes, Air craft, Reconnaissance_.
ability to hover over one spot, 383.
armor, 383.
bases for, 383.
carrying capacity, 383.
characteristics, 382.
chief function, 383.
dependability, 386.
effect of darkness, rain, fog, etc., 149, 383, 386.
machine guns, 307.
need of trained personnel, 383.
practicable heights of observation, 139, 385.
radius of action, 382.
vulnerability to fire, 134, 383, 384,
385, 386.
wireless equipment, 383, 384.
Alignment of artillery in action, 110.
Alignment of trenches, 231, 251, 257,
260, 262, 270.
Alternation of troops in column of route, 85, 337, 338.
Altitudes for effective aero reconnaissance, 138, 139,
384, 385.
Altitudes of effective fire, anti-aircraft artillery, 138, 139.
Ambulance company, _See Sanitary_.
capacity, 319.
establishment of dressing and slightly wounded stations, 319, 320.
evacuation of wounded by, 350.
in camp, 355.
in combat, 349.
in position in readiness, 317.
in withdrawal, 289.
motor transport for, 389.
to remain with combatant troops, 321, 349, 350.
with advance guard, 57, 318.
Ambuscade, 299, 330.
AMMUNITION
amount carried by troops and trains, 214.
assembly of empty wagons, 214, 222, 225,
228, 234, 241,
255, 350.
artillery, _See Artillery_.
carried on person of soldier, 214.
companies, _See Trains_.
distributing stations and refilling points, 234, 349, 350,
351, 369, 370.
expenditure and waste, 135, 214, 215,
300, 329, 333.
issue of
after combat, 351.
by whom ordered, 214, 220, 223,
300, 311, 332.
in delaying action, 300.
in position in readiness, 311.
pack transportation, 214.
time of, 214, 220, 223,
332, 366, 375.
time required for, 214.
of dead and wounded, 215, 333.
supply in defense, 215, 236.
for cavalry, 375.
for machine guns, 305.
for position fire, 325.
in night attacks, 303.
trains, _See Trains_.
wagons, empty
assembly of, 214, 222, 225,
228, 234, 241,
255.
used for transport of wounded, 214, 222, 234,
241, 350.
Amount of supplies obtainable from a community, 377.
Analysis, diagrammatic, in solution of tactical problems, 29.
Angle between main and holding attack, 344.
Angles of elevation, artillery, 109, 137, 139, 385.
Angle of site, 110, 116.
Animal motive power for field and combat trains, 390.
Animals, transportation of, 378.
Animals, number to a division, 379.
Anti-aircraft artillery, _See Artillery_.
machine guns, 138, 305,
307, 385.
Apparatus for solution of problems, 28.
Applicatory system of tactical instruction, 19.
Approach, covered, to artillery position, 119, 122,
129, 140.
of hostile reinforcements, 207, 224, 227,
234, 288, 291.
to position, _See Routes_.
Areas of camp sites, 16, 17.
Armament of aircraft, 382, 383.
Armed men, with trains, 78, 84, 97,
317, 341.
Armored cars, _See Motor vehicles_, 80, 98, 388.
Army, U. S., organization of, 10.
Arrangement of troops and trains on the march, _See Marches_.
ARTILLERY, 109.
agents, _See Personnel_.
aiming points, 112, 113, 114,
116, 117, 118,
119, 129, 133.
requirements for, 117, 118, 129.
accompanying batteries, 124.
advantages enjoyed in defense, 121.
alignment, exact, to be avoided, 110.
ammunition, 109.
economy of, 126, 135.
supply, 111, 121, 123,
132, 133, 135,
266, 349.
trains, _See Trains_.
weights of, 132.
angles of fall of projectiles, 132.
angles of fire, 109, 137.
angle of site, 110, 116.
anti-aircraft, 137.
altitudes at which effective, 138, 139,
384, 385.
angles of fire, 137, 139, 385.
function, 139.
mounts for, 139.
motor transport, 136, 139.
observation of fire, 139, 386.
ranges, 138, 139, 384, 385.
rates of fire, 138, 305.
special types, 139, 385.
area of burst of shrapnel, 115, 327.
batteries of the counter attack, 124.
b. c. stations, 117, 129, 141.
between main and secondary attacks, 120, 141.
carriage, 109.
changes of position during action, 119, 121, 125,
126, 133, 141,
142.
classification of pieces employed in U. S. service, 132.
clinometer, 110.
combat train, composition, 109, 137.
in action, 110, 119, 123,
124, 129, 130,
131, 132, 141,
228, 340.
in position in readiness, 310, 317.
in retreat, 71.
on the march, 71, 83, 110,
123, 128, 339.
commander, latitude allowed, 142, 143,
240, 266.
on the march, 130.
station during combat, 131, 142.
concealment, 110, 111, 114,
119, 122, 125,
129, 138, 140,
141.
cooperation with other arms, 111, 120, 124,
126, 141, 266.
counter batteries, 124.
covered approach to position, 119, 122, 129,
140, 141.
covering front of a defensive position, 118, 121, 125,
140, 141.
dagger batteries, 121.
decoy batteries, 124.
defensive relation, 121.
defilade, flash, sight, mounted, dismounted, 113, 133, 140.
deflection and deflection difference, 116.
direction points, 111, 131.
dispositions in combat, _See Artillery, positions_.
dispositions on the march, _See Advance guard,
Marches, etc._, 83, 110,
338, 136.
duel, 120, 141.
dummy emplacements, 126.
engineers as escort to, 224, 291, 314.
escort for, _See Artillery, supports_.
field trains, composition, 109.
in action, 129.
on march, 83, 110,
123, 338.
fire
adjustment, 113, 115,
116, 262.
against machine guns, 305.
at what directed, 114, 120, 121,
122, 128, 141,
142, 228.
corrector for height of burst, 113, 116.
crossing zone of, _See Shrapnel_, 327, 329.
demolition by, _See Shell_, 109, 113, 114,
126, 133, 135,
141.
direct, when employed, 126, 140, 234.
direction of by air craft, 131, 383, 384.
distance required for protection against, 60, 61, 80,
176, 300.
distribution, 115, 116, 123.
enfilade and oblique, 120, 127, 226,
265, 327, 328,
349.
forces early deployment, 74, 121,
135, 300.
front of a battery, 110, 119.
in cavalry attack, 157.
kinds of, 113.
at single and successive ranges; direct, indirect;
for adjustment, for registration; for demolition,
for effect; masked, unmasked; salvo, continuous;
sweeping;
time, percussion; volley, at will.
observation and control, 115, 117, 122,
123, 125, 131,
140, 383.
pursuing by, 121.
ranges, in attack and defense, 115, 119, 121,
126, 129, 132,
135, 138, 141.
ranging and bracketing, 114, 115, 121,
127, 141, 143.
shifting sheaf of, 116.
shrapnel, _See Shrapnel_.
surprise by, 60, 61, 80, 127.
to oppose envelopment, 120.
firing batteries, position on the march, 83.
right of way to front, 225.
firing data, 112, 116, 122,
129, 130, 131,
142, 310, 313,
349.
firing over heads of infantry, 120, 122,
141, 349.
flank protection, 110, 117, 119,
122, 129, 130,
212.
“form for action,” 123.
front of a battery, 110, 119, 140.
heavy field, 132.
aiming points, 133.
escort for, 133.
flash defilade, 133.
mobility of, 133.
motor transport, 136, 387.
observing stations, 135.
organization of, 133.
position on the march, 136, 339.
ranges, 132, 135.
single position during action, 133.
splitting units, 133.
weights of pieces and projectiles, 132.
with advance guard, 136.
horse
in delaying action, 71.
in pursuit, 301.
with cavalry force, 78, 126, 128,
145, 152.
with rear guard, 126.
hostile, location of by air craft, 384.
observing stations of, 262.
in attack and defense, _See special references desired_, 109.
in close country, 128.
in counter attack, 122, 124, 142.
in double column, 91, 339.
in flank positions, 120.
in night attacks, 303.
in a general position in readiness, 310.
in pursuit, 121, 142, 301.
in retreat and delaying actions, 71, 73, 74,
77, 126, 128,
290, 291, 300,
316.
in rencontre, 123, 296, 339.
in river line attack, 277, 278, 281,
282, 286.
intervals in battery, 110, 119, 140.
in withdrawal from action, 289, 290,
291, 292.
infantry in long columns of, 83, 110, 339.
laying, direct and indirect, 111.
limbers, position during action, 110, 119, 128,
129, 132.
machine guns as supports for, 121, 122, 133,
304, 307.
maneuvering zone for, 338.
maneuvers in occupation of a position, 122.
march order, 125.
materiel of light field, 109.
mission of, 118, 120, 122, 123,
126, 128, 142,
227.
motor transport for, 136, 387.
mountain, 136.
ammunition and supply trains, 137.
carts and light wagons for, 137.
combat trains, 137.
ease of concealment, 138.
mobility of, 137, 138.
organization of battery, 137.
pack transportation for, 136, 137.
tactical employment, 137, 138.
time required to unpack, 137.
weights of piece and projectile, 137.
with rear guard, 138.
movements across country, 127, 140.
during action, 119, 121, 125,
126, 133, 135,
141, 142, 238.
in echelon, 121, 125,
126, 291.
number of guns placed in action, 123, 124.
observing stations, 111, 117, 119,
129, 130, 131,
135, 140.
officer with advance guard, 112, 113, 128,
133, 141.
with supreme commander, 113, 126, 128,
130, 142, 225.
on outpost, 128, 172, 181.
on the march, _See Advance Guard, Marches, etc._, 71, 83, 110,
123, 128, 136,
338.
orders for, 122, 124, 126,
128, 130, 132,
142, 143, 240,
266.
personnel, duties of, 111, 128, 130.
positions in combat
aero reconnaissance of, 110, 119,
131, 384.
between holding and enveloping attacks, 120, 140,
141, 226.
changes of, 119, 121, 125,
126, 133, 135,
141, 142.
concealment in, 111, 112, 119,
121, 122, 133,
140.
considerations governing selection of, 118.
distance in rear of infantry line, 126, 142, 232.
for all stages of action, 119, 125, 133,
141, 227, 281.
for direct fire, 118, 121, 126,
129, 133, 140,
234.
in attack of a river line, 281.
in rear of main and secondary attacks, 226, 349.
in rencontre, 123, 296.
in withdrawal, 291.
near a crest, 118, 121, 126,
129, 133, 140,
234.
of limbers, 110, 119, 128,
129, 132.
on a flank, 120, 140.
selection of, 111, 118, 121,
122, 125, 128,
130.
prepare for action, 125.
protection of flanks, 117, 119, 129,
130, 212.
ranges in attack and defense, _See Artillery, fire_.
ranging, _See Artillery, fire_.
reconnaissance, 111, 112, 121,
122, 125, 130,
131, 133, 141,
142, 249.
reconnaissance officer, _See Artillery, personnel_.
registration of hostile artillery positions, 113, 230, 249,
282, 310.
reinforcing batteries, 124.
reserves, 123.
right of way for firing batteries, 225, 339, 340.
route markers, _See Artillery, personnel_.
routes to position, selection, cover, etc., 111, 119, 122,
125, 129, 133,
140, 141.
scouts, _See Artillery, personnel_.
searching fire on ground occupied by hostile reserves,
115, 116, 120,
122, 228, 237,
265.
sectors of observation, 111, 131.
sight, panoramic, 109.
signal equipment, 109, 129.
signalers, _See Artillery, personnel_.
splitting units of, 123, 133, 140,
228, 345, 349.
spotters, 382.
subdivision of regiments, 349.
of battery, 109, 123.
supports for, 121, 122, 127,
129, 133, 140,
181, 224, 226,
291, 304, 307,
314.
tactical employment of, 118, 130, 139.
tactics, 109.
telephone equipment, 109, 129.
vs. machine guns, 265, 305, 306.
weights of pieces and projectiles, 109, 132, 137.
with advance guard, 57, 127, 337,
338, 339.
with containing force, 205.
with cavalry force, 126, 128, 145,
152, 157.
with escort of a convoy, 98.
with flank guard, 77, 78, 339.
with rear guard, 71, 73, 77,
126, 128, 293,
316.
Assembly in column of route, 59, 341.
of troops in retreat, 292, 294.
Assembly orders, 43, 59, 89.
Assumptions in tactical problems, 22, 23, 223.
ATTACK, _See Combat_.
advance guard regiment in, 209, 226.
advance to, 209, 223, 277,
326, 346.
ammunition supply in, _See Ammunition_.
angle between main and holding, 344.
artillery in, _See Artillery_.
assignment of fronts, 210, 223, 224,
227, 331, 332,
346.
best disposition for infantry in, 207, 345.
by advance guard, _See Advance guard_.
by reinforced brigade, 225.
cavalry in, _See Cavalry_.
combat patrols, _See Patrols_.
concentration of force at critical points, 87, 211, 248,
347, 387.
conditions influencing decision to, 206, 226.
conjunction of main and holding, 209, 227,
344, 345.
contact of organizations in, 209.
coordination of, 209, 227, 344,
345, 346.
counter, _See Counter attack_.
cover for troops in position and approach thereto, 87, 207, 209,
216, 226, 227,
236, 237, 240,
250, 345, 346.
covering enemy’s line with fire, 210, 221,
331, 332.
covering line of retreat, 204, 207.
density of firing line, 208, 219, 330, 347.
deployment of, forced at long range, 74, 121, 135,
215, 233, 238,
257, 297, 299,
300, 306, 329.
deploying positions in, 226, 227, 346.
depth of deployment in, 208, 347.
dispersion of force in, 204, 205, 226,
344, 345.
disposition of division in, 208.
distance at which fire is opened, 209, 329.
division, 344.
duties subsequent to, 321, 350.
effect of obstacles on formation of, 216, 217,
277, 345.
enemy, strength of to be known, 209, 211, 213,
220, 348.
engineers in, 224, 228,
241, 347.
enveloping, 206, 344.
convergence of fire, 209.
extension of line to meet, 208, 209, 210.
of both flanks, 207.
provision against, 260.
selection of flank for, 207, 226, 229.
in rencontre, 296.
to be provided for in first deployment, 208, 345.
expenditure of ammunition in, 215.
fire superiority in, _See Fire superiority_.
flank protection, 211, 212, 226,
227, 240, 348.
flanks, hostile to be located, 146, 209, 220, 226.
forms of, 205, 344.
fortification in, _See Fortification_, 215, 216.
frontages in, 217, 348.
frontal, 206, 344.
in advance guard action, 229.
in pursuit, 229.
in rencontre, 296.
of a river line, 278.
guiding points in, 210, 211, 221,
223, 224, 330,
332.
holding, _See Attack, frontal_, 248.
integrity of tactical units, 204, 205, 344,
345, 346.
interval between main and holding, 209, 344,
345, 346.
landmarks in, _See Attack, guiding points in_.
machine guns in, 217, 218, 222,
282, 304.
night, _See Night attacks_.
obstacles in, _See Obstacles_.
of a bridge head, 304.
of a convoy, _See Convoys_, 101, 103.
of a river line, _See River line attack_, 277.
piercing an attenuated line, 206, 226.
plan of based on best dispositions of infantry, 207, 345.
problem for small infantry force, 219.
ranges in, 209, 329.
raw troops in, 204.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
reinforcing the firing line, 208, 211,
327, 328.
reserves
brigade, 211.
concentration under cover of darkness, 87, 205.
division of, 211, 346.
flank protection by, 211, 236, 346.
general, 212, 219.
position fire by, 325.
position of, 211, 212, 226,
228, 346, 347.
regimental, 211.
strength of, 208, 211, 217,
219, 227.
use of in influencing course of action, 211, 346.
routes to position, 209, 211, 223,
224, 225, 226,
227, 240.
sanitary troops in, _See Sanitary Troops_.
signal troops in, _See Signal Troops_.
supports
battalion, 208, 211,
219, 223.
distance from firing line, 210, 212, 324.
formations in advance to firing line, _See Rifle in War_, 325.
intrenchments for, 325.
prime function of, 211.
strength of, 208, 211, 217, 219.
timing the advance, 345, 346.
trains in, _See Trains_.
turning movements, _See Turning movements_.
Automobiles, _See Motor vehicles_.

B

Bakery, field, 361, 372.
Balloons, captive, 381, 383.
observation of artillery fire by, 383.
telephone equipment, 383.
Band, regimental, assists in collection of wounded, 222, 319.
Barricades, 180, 182, 307.
Base depots, 361, 363, 364.
Base of operations, 361.
Battalion
collecting stations, _See Sanitary_.
frontage in combat, 219.
frontage on outpost, 171, 180.
Batteries, accompanying, breaching, counter, decoy, infantry,
of the counter attack, of preparation, reinforcing, 124.
Battlefield, illumination of, 265, 304.
police of, 321, 351.
Battle sights, 115, 331.
Bayonet, effect of intrenchments on use of, 263.
in night attacks, 303, 304.
B. C. station, artillery, 117, 129, 141.
Beaten zone, machine gun fire, 305.
shrapnel fire, 115, 327.
Beef cattle, 379.
Best dispositions for infantry primary consideration
in attack, 207, 345.
Bibliography, 33.
Billeting, 94.
Bivouac, _See Camps_.
in line of battle, 180.
of patrols, 53.
Blazing trails on outpost, 184.
Blending defensive works with terrain, 258, 260, 266.
Bracketing, 127, 141, 143.
Breaching batteries, 124.
BRIDGES
construction and repair
for movements of artillery, 125, 136.
in attack of a river line, 277, 278,
280, 283.
in combat, 224, 258.
in retreat, 58.
on the march, 78, 98, 153.
demolition
by fire, 71.
in combat, 276, 304.
in defense of a river line, 284.
in position in readiness, 311.
in retreat, 57, 58, 71, 299, 316.
on outpost, 176, 182.
ordered by supreme commander, 71.
ponton, 14, 176, 277, 340.
placarding, 31.
protection
by artillery, 172.
by machine guns, 173.
by outpost, 176, 281.
in retreat, 312.
Bridge equipage, floating or portable.
capacity, 340.
organization, 14.
place on march, 340.
road space, 340.
Bridge head, 180, 304.
Bridge train, _See Bridge equipage_, 340, 361.
Brigade attack, 225.
Brigade, reinforced, _See Reinforced brigade_.
British experiences in trench warfare, 262.
Broad front in pursuit, 301.
in retreat and delaying action, 219, 233, 251,
297, 298.
Broken ground, advance over, 327.
Buildings
demolition of, 252, 272, 273.
use for shelter, 355.

C

CAMPS, 93.
advance guard, location of, 355.
areas of, 16, 94.
arrangement with reference to position of troops
in column, 85, 94.
assignment of organizations to, 93, 192.
at crossroads, 93, 354.
concealment of, 353, 355.
delay in placing troops in, 93, 191, 356.
dimensions of, 16.
distribution of troops from front to rear, 173.
distribution of troops in, 93, 192, 281,
354.
division, detailed disposition of, 354.
drainage of, 94, 354.
fuel and water for, 93, 180, 353,
354, 355.
guards, 171, 174,
178, 181.
in column of route 85, 88, 94,
354, 355.
influence of roads, 353, 354.
late arrival at, 87, 341.
mounted troops in, 354.
of convoy, 99, 102.
of reserve of outpost, 173, 180, 181,
187, 192.
outpost line, 353, 355.
place of trains in, 355.
prior to attack of river line, 281.
relative positions of foot and mounted troops and trains, 93.
sites for convoys, 99.
sanitary requirements of, 93, 94, 354.
selection of, 62, 93, 176,
191, 353.
tactical requirements of, 176, 353.
southern exposure, 94.
temporary, in field maneuvers, 33.
trains in, 354, 373, 375.
Camping in depth and in mass, 85, 88, 94,
354.
Camping with reference to facility of arrival
and departure, 85, 94, 354.
Carcasses, collection and disposal of, 321.
Capacities of carriers, 366, 379.
as affected by care in loading, 378, 379.
freight, passenger, and stock cars, 378, 379.
Capacity of sanitary units, 319.
Capital letters, use of in orders and messages, 41, 54.
Captive balloons, 381, 383.
Cash payments for supplies, 362.
Catechism of rifle in war, 334.
Cattle, beef, 379.
CAVALRY
advance and advance guard,
_See Advance guard_, 56, 60, 63,
146, 147, 148,
173, 181, 188.
advance in two columns, 149.
ammunition supply of, 375.
army, _See Cavalry, independent_, 146.
artillery with, 78, 126, 128,
145, 152, 157.
as escort to artillery, 291.
as escort to trains, 84, 168.
as flank guard, 81.
as police guard with convoy, 97.
as rear guard, 71.
at head of main body, 84.
attack, gaits in, 158, 159, 160.
attack of infantry when practicable, 153.
attacking line, 157.
charge, 150, 153,
155, 167.
at extended intervals, 150, 151, 156.
details of, 157, 160, 167.
distance at which launched, 158, 159.
examination of ground for, 156.
formations for, 158.
gaits in, 158, 159, 160.
in column, 151.
melee, 166.
most favorable times for, 153, 159, 167.
orders for, 160, 163.
combat patrols, 154, 156,
160, 161.
combat trains, 145, 159, 361.
commander, discretionary powers, 145, 146, 174,
240, 241, 311,
338.
contact squadron, 149, 150.
contact with enemy, 60, 62, 144,
146, 148, 149,
171, 174, 177,
181, 189, 212,
234, 259, 281,
311, 338.
coupling and linking horses, 152.
defensive power, 169.
demolition outfits, 71, 145.
detachments during combat, 155, 156,
160, 161.
discretionary powers of commander, 145, 174, 241,
311, 338.
dismounted action, 150, 153.
how close enemy may be allowed to approach, 154, 233.
dismounted fire action, 150, 151, 153,
156, 160.
dispersion of, 144, 147, 149,
155, 234, 311,
338.
division of for mounted attack, 157.
distance in front of outpost, 174, 179.
divisional, _See Cavalry, independent_, 146, 338.
economy in use of, 144, 168, 172.
effect of air craft on functions of, 381, 384.
effects of fire from rear, 154.
effect on strength of an outpost, 171.
engineers with, 56, 145, 153,
167, 283.
field train of, in camp, 56, 145, 356.
filling gaps in firing line, 144, 168.
fire action, 150, 153, 168.
flank patrols, 154, 155, 156,
160, 161, 212,
227, 234.
foraging by, 148, 150, 169, 375.
front covered by squadron on outpost, 171.
functions in campaign, 144.
gaits in mounted attack, 158, 159, 160.
on march, 86.
ground scouts, 155, 156,
160, 167.
horse artillery with, 78, 126, 128,
145, 152.
horses mobile and immobile, 152, 155.
horses, stampede of, 152, 154.
horseholders, 152, 154.
hostile, overthrow of, 144, 146,
149, 165.
in combat, 72, 85, 100,
144, 150, 227,
234.
in delaying action and withdrawal, 70, 71, 72,
73, 147, 153,
154, 155, 168,
233, 289, 290,
292, 293, 298.
in night attacks, 303.
in position in readiness, 310, 311.
in pursuit, 144, 168, 282,
301, 369.
in retreat, 70, 71, 144,
154, 168, 172,
290, 298.
in river line attack, 279, 281, 282.
in river line defense, 189, 284.
independent, 148.
communication by, 148.
concentration of, 144, 146, 149.
contact squadrons, 149, 150.
contact with enemy, 148, 149, 171,
174, 177, 338.
distance from supporting troops, 148, 149, 174.
effect on strength of advance guard, 56, 85.
effect on strength of outpost, 171, 172, 174.
foraging, 148, 150, 169.
in advance, 56, 85.
mission of, 81, 85, 144,
146, 147, 148,
149, 338.
mounted engineers with, 145.
on flank, 81.
orders for, 145.
patrols, _See Patrols, strategic_.
range of operations, 148.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
relay posts, 150.
return to camp at night, 148.
screening, 144, 146, 148,
149, 164, 165,
174.
signal troops with, 145, 150, 340.
strength of, 147, 148.
time of starting march, 86, 338.
under immediate control of supreme commander, 146, 147, 338.
when employed, 147, 148, 338.
wireless equipment, 145, 150, 340.
with detachments, 147.
initiative, 151, 161, 167.
led horses, 152.
cover for, 154, 233.
operations against, 154.
vulnerability of, 151, 154, 241.
line of columns, 157, 158, 161, 163.
line of fours, 158, 161.
lines of, in attack, 157, 167.
lines of retreat, 154.
machine guns with, 152, 157, 159,
161, 306.
march outposts, 190, 192.
messages for, 174.
mission, See _Cavalry, independent_, 60, 62, 64,
164, 234.
mobility and immobility of horses, 152, 155.
mounted action, orders for, 163.
mounted and dismounted action, 150.
mounted engineers with, 56, 145, 153,
167, 283.
mounted fire action, 150.
mounted fire, inaccuracy of, 168.
mounted reconnaissance during action, 152.
mounted reserve, 151, 154,
159, 241.
night movements, 144, 168.
on infantry firing line, 144, 168.
on outpost
contact with enemy, 171, 177.
covering flanks, 189.
day and night positions, 188, 189.
distance to front, 174, 179,
187, 189.
effect on strength of infantry, 171, 172, 174,
188, 189, 190.
front covered by a squadron, 171. habitual use, effect of, 168.
joins advance cavalry, 58.
march outposts, 190, 192.
messenger duty, 181, 186.
patrols, _See Outposts and Patrols_.
phases of use in security, 174.
reconnaissance, _See Patrols, Reconnaissance, etc._
relieving infantry, 168, 172.
strength, 171.
withdrawal behind outpost line, 148, 174, 179,
181, 188, 189,
190, 192.
operations against hostile flanks, 62, 85, 144,
153, 168, 227,
234, 293, 301.
orders for, 145, 146, 160,
174, 240, 311,
338, 356.
outpost of, 174, 179, 189.
pack trains with, 145, 159,
338, 375.
patrols, _See Patrols_.
phases of use in security, 174.
pioneer training, 153, 167.
protection of flanks by, 212, 227, 234.
raids, 144, 148, 169.
rally after charge, 152, 157,
158, 167.
rates of march, 90, 165.
rear, _See Cavalry, with rear guard_.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
remains mounted when practicable, 151, 152, 157.
reports, 149.
retirement behind outpost line, 148, 174, 179,
181, 188, 189,
190, 192.
screen, 144, 146,
149, 164.
distance to front, 164.
front covered by, 165, 174.
offensive and defensive, 165.
purpose of, 148, 164, 165.
security duties, _See Advance, Rear, and Flank guards,
Outposts, Reconnaissance, etc._
seizing advanced positions, 144.
separation of subordinates from commands, 161.
signal troops with, 145, 150, 340.
skirmishers, 150, 151.
stampede of horses, 152, 154.
supplies for, 375.
support and reserve of attacking line, 157, 163.
surprise, element of in operations, 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 159,
160.
surrender of initiative, 151, 161, 167.
tactical employment with rear guard, 72.
tactical use of in combat, 72, 85, 100,
150, 227, 234.
tactics, 144.
lessons in, from American Civil War, 166.
time required to mount and dismount, 152.
time of starting march, 86, 338.
to be used for duty for which qualified, 144, 168, 172.
trains with, 144, 145, 159,
169, 188, 338,
361, 375.
turning movements by 153, 168, 205.
vs. artillery, 167.
vs. cavalry, 153, 155,
167, 169.
vs. infantry, 153, 167,
168, 330.
vulnerability to flank attack, 156.
wagons and pack trains with, 144, 145, 159,
169, 188, 338,
375.
watches for hostile reinforcements, 224, 227, 234,
244, 292, 311.
weapons employed, 151, 166, 168.
when used independently, 147, 148, 338.
wireless equipment with, 145, 150, 340.
with advance guard, 56, 60, 61, 62,
64, 147, 338.
with containing forces, 205.
with convoy, 80, 97, 98, 99,
100.
with motor convoy, 80.
with flank guard, 78, 81, 147,
168, 339.
with rear guard, 70, 147, 168,
290, 292.
with trains, 84, 168, 341.
withdrawal from action, 73, 154, 233,
289, 290, 291,
292, 298.
Change in direction of march, 80, 91,
92, 102.
Change in situation, 59, 65.
Change of position during action, artillery, 119, 121, 125,
126, 133, 135,
141, 142, 238.
Characteristics of air craft, 381, 382.
Charge, cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
Circulation of orders, _See Orders_.
Civilians, care of wounded by, 318, 322.
interviews with, 53.
preceding advance guard, 63.
preceding patrol, 50.
Clearing the field of fire, 217, 233, 235,
246, 252, 256,
258, 269, 270,
272, 275, 276.
Clinometer, 110.
Close country
effect on dispositions of advance guard, 60, 128.
of artillery, 128.
of outpost, 171, 179, 180,
186, 188.
of patrols, 49.
effect on field fortifications, 254.
on march of a convoy, 100.
Close order in night attacks, 303.
Codes, telegraphic, 150.
Collecting stations, 224, 256,
270, 319.
Collective distribution, _See Artillery fire_.
Collection of wounded, _See Wounded_.
Column, cavalry charge in, 151.
Column of route, assembly in, 58, 341.
camp in, 85, 94.
Columns, line of, vulnerability, 325, 326,
327, 328.
COMBAT, _See Attack and Defense, etc._
ammunition supply, _See Ammunition_.
approach of hostile reinforcements, 167, 206, 207,
224, 227, 234,
288, 291, 292,
311, 348.
by patrols, 51, 166, 190,
212, 213.
companies go complete into firing line, 211, 217, 348.
concentration of force at critical points, 87, 211, 248,
347, 387.
detachments during, 91, 149, 155,
205, 225.
density of firing line, 208, 216, 219,
233, 235, 330,
347.
depth of deployment, 208, 347.
dispersion in, 204, 205, 226,
236, 237, 344,
345.
division, 344.
duties subsequent to, 321, 350, 351.
expenditure of ammunition in, 215.
fortification, _See Fortification_.
frontages in, 217, 348.
integrity of tactical units, 205, 217, 329.
messages during, 350.
offering no chance of success, 205.
orders, 39, 40, 205,
208, 210, 211,
220, 225, 332,
346, 350.
patrols, _See Patrols_.
position fire, 74, 255, 257,
282, 325, 331.
protection of flanks in, 211, 212, 226,
227, 230, 232,
235, 240, 257,
259, 305, 306,
348.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
routes to position, 209, 211, 223,
224, 225, 226,
227, 240.
sanitary stations in, _See Sanitary_.
simple movements in, 204.
small units in, 224, 225, 231,
232, 248.
special forms of, 277.
special troops in, _See references to special troops_.
splitting tactical units in, 205, 217.
trains during, _See Trains_.
Combat patrols, _See Patrols_.
Combat trains, _See Trains_.
Combined orders, 38, 39, 42,
220.
Combined sights, 331, 334.
Command of the air, 384, 385.
Command for firing line, 324.
Commander, battalion
observing station, 256.
orders issue of ammunition, 214, 220, 223,
300, 332.
regimental, observing station for, 255.
orders disposition of packs, 223.
Commander, supreme, _See Supreme commander_.
Communication, as affecting number of troops required
in a defensive position, 267.
control of local means of, 63.
flank guard, rear guard, and main body, 81.
in defensive position, _See Defensive position_.
in outpost, 184.
with friendly troops during combat, 212.
with friendly troops on the march, 62, 81, 99,
103, 108, 148.
Communicating trenches, _See Fortification_.
Companies go complete into firing line, 211, 217, 348.
Company wagons, _See Trains, field_.
Composition of advance, rear and flank guards, outposts, etc.,
_See these subjects_.
Compulsory military service, 5.
CONCEALMENT, _See Attack, Defense, Terrain, etc._
from aero reconnaissance, 119, 253, 256,
265, 286, 385.
in attack and defense, _See these subjects_.
in counter attack, 236, 237.
in delaying action, 74.
in position in readiness, 309.
in river line attack, 277, 279, 280.
of artillery, _See Artillery_.
of camp site, 353.
of obstacles, 259, 262, 265.
of outpost dispositions, 180, 182,
183, 184.
of works of field fortification, 183, 231, 233,
253, 256, 258,
260, 262, 265,
266.
Concentration
of fire on critical points, 331.
of force at critical points, 87, 211, 247,
248, 347, 387.
of reserves under cover of darkness, 87, 205,
281, 286.
of troops by motor vehicles, 87, 211,
387, 389.
Connecting files, 61.
Considerations influencing advance guard attack, 229.
choice of flank for envelopment, 207.
decision to attack, 206, 226.
depth of deployment, 348.
form of attack, 206, 226.
occupation of a position in readiness, 308, 309.
selection of artillery position, 118.
selection of camp site, 93, 94, 176,
353, 354.
selection of a defensive position, 230.
selection of route of march, 90, 100.
strength of outpost, 170.
use of flank guard, 79.
Consonance of decision and orders, 44.
Contact of adjacent outposts, 186.
of opposing sides in field maneuvers, 33.
of organizations in attack, 209.
squadron, _See Cavalry_.
Contact with enemy
by advance guard, 62.
by aero reconnaissance, 149, 383,
384, 386.
by cavalry, 60, 62, 144,
146, 148, 149,
171, 174, 177,
181, 189, 212,
234, 259, 281,
311, 338.
by flank guard, 81.
by rear guard, 72, 73.
by outpost, 170, 177, 181,
185, 189.
first, to be reported, 54.
in pursuit, 177, 301.
in retreat, 72, 301.
to verify reconnaissance, 384.
Contact with friendly troops, 62, 81, 99,
103, 108, 148,
212.
Containing force, 91, 204, 205,
208, 288.
Contingencies in orders, 41, 42,
314, 317.
Continuity of fire trenches, 251, 253,
254, 265.
Continuous fire, _See Artillery, fire_.
Control and observation of artillery fire, 115, 117, 122,
123, 125, 131,
140, 383.
Convergence of fire, secured by enveloping attack, 209.
CONVOYS, 95.
abandoning line of march, 101.
advance guard of, 97, 98, 99.
artillery with, 98.
attack of, 101, 103.
ambuscade, 103.
by cavalry, 148.
by small forces, 96.
long range fire in, 103, 104.
mobile troops in, 103.
motor vehicles in, 103.
places favorable for, 103.
usual method, 103.
auto, 80, 96, 101.
camp sites
selection of, 99.
security measures, 102.
cavalry with, 80, 97, 98, 99, 100.
change of direction of march, 101, 102.
classification of wagons, army, hired, impressed, 96.
conduct on encountering enemy, 102.
contact with friendly troops, 99, 103, 108.
defensive measures, 101, 102.
details of march, 96.
dispersion of troops, 99.
distance between convoy and covering detachment, 95
division into sections, 96, 97.
double column of wagons, 95.
engineers with, 99.
escort, strength, composition, duties, etc., 85, 97.
field trains of, 96.
of prisoners, 104.
flank guards, 80, 95, 96,
99, 100.
flank marches, 95.
in double column, 95.
infantry in long columns of wagons, 99.
limiting size of single column, 95.
machine guns with, 98.
motor vehicles, convoy and escort, 80, 96,
98, 101.
mounted point, 99.
occupation of critical points by escort, 100.
of prisoners, 104.
offensive tactics by escort, 98, 102.
parking, 102.
parks
form of, 102.
sites for, 99.
passage of defiles, 101.
place of commander, 97.
police guards, 96, 97, 99.
position of main body, 99.
quartermaster, duties of, 96, 97.
rate of progress and halts, 101.
rear guard, 72, 100.
reconnaissance on march, 97, 99, 100,
101, 102, 104,
108.
relative rank of quartermaster and commander of escort, 97.
retreat of, 102, 103.
routes of march, 100, 101, 102.
rule for position of covering troops, 95, 99.
slowest wagons in lead, 96.
straggling, 95.
teamsters and wagon masters, 96, 97.
vulnerability, 95, 96, 101,
103.
Cooks and kitchen police with outpost supports, 175.
Cooperation of artillery and other arms, 126, 141.
Coordination of main and holding attack, 345.
Cordon and patrol systems of outposts, 184.
Corrector for height of burst, 113, 116.
Cossack posts, _See Outposts_.
COUNTER ATTACK, 236.
artillery in, 122, 124, 142,
237, 238.
batteries of the, 124.
concealment in, 236, 237.
conduct of, 236.
fire superiority, 237, 238.
from flank, 236, 237, 238,
259.
general rule for, 238.
in defense of a river line, 281, 282, 284.
in retreat, 75, 301.
local, 236.
obstacles, effect of, 230, 233,
235, 310.
reinforcing firing line, 237, 238.
reserves for, 231, 233, 236,
237, 238, 253,
257, 259.
risk of, 75, 230, 281,
282, 284, 301,
344.
supporting points in rear of main line, 237.
surprise in, 236.
terrain favorable for, 237, 238.
Counter batteries, 124.
Countermanding of orders, 42, 317.
Coupling horses, 152.
Cover, _See Concealment_.
head and overhead, _See Fortification_.
in combat position and approach, _See Attack and Defense_.
natural, _See Terrain_.
Covering advance supply depot, 373.
detachments, 205, 212,
236, 308.
line of retreat, 204, 278.
main body, in advance, 204.
in attack, 209, 229, 296.
in retreat, 72, 73.
enemy’s line with fire, 118, 210, 331.
Crest, geographical.
artillery positions near, 118, 121, 126,
129, 133, 140,
234.
location of firing line with respect to, 262, 298, 324.
location of supports with respect to, 324.
Crest, military, 118, 298, 324.
Crews of air craft, 381, 383.
Criterion for depth of deployment, 347.
Criterion for strength of outpost, 170.
Cross fire, mutual support, 233, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254,
258, 263, 268,
269, 276, 325,
331.
Cross roads, for camp sites, 93, 354.
for position in readiness, 309.
issue points at, 375.
march outposts at, 190, 341.

D

Dagger batteries, 121, 234, 235.
Danger space, 324.
Darkness, concentration of reserves under cover of, 87, 205,
281, 286.
effect on aero reconnaissance, 149, 383, 386.
intrenching under cover of, 216.
making camp in, 87, 188, 341.
withdrawal from action under cover of, 205, 289.
Day and night positions of elements of an outpost, 187, 191,
193, 356.
Days of rest, 87, 89, 337,
365.
Dead, ammunition on persons of, 215, 333.
collection, identification and disposal of, 321.
Dead spaces
dagger batteries cover, 121.
distribution of artillery to cover, 118, 121, 141.
in a defensive position, 230, 249, 252,
258, 269.
influence on artillery position, 119.
observation of, 122.
Decision problems, 19.
Decision to attack, by what influenced, 206, 226.
Decisive action.
by advance, rear and flank guards, etc., _See these subjects_.
danger of in retreat, 299.
Decisive results obtained only by offensive, 204, 205.
Decoy batteries, 124.
DEFENSE
active, conduct of, _See Counter Attack_, 237, 254.
strong reserves characteristic of, 211, 219, 233,
235, 236, 237,
238, 254.
advance guard in, 234.
against air craft, 135, 385.
ambuscade in, 299, 330.
ammunition supply in, _See Ammunition_, 215, 349.
artillery in, _See Artillery_.
cavalry in, _See Cavalry_, 234, 259.
concentration of fire, 253, 331.
concentration of force at critical points, 211, 233,
235, 248.
conforms to attack, 204, 219.
covering front of enemy, 252, 331.
density of firing line, 216, 219,
233, 235.
depth of deployment, 219, 347, 348.
extension of front in, 208, 210, 216,
221, 235, 236,
237, 238, 251,
254.
engineers in, 216, 217, 228,
234, 235, 247,
258, 260, 272,
273, 276.
fire superiority, _See Fire superiority_.
influence of obstacles on assumption of offensive, 176, 217, 230,
232, 299, 310.
location of firing line, 324.
long range fire in, 121, 215, 230,
233, 250, 325,
329, 330.
machine guns in, 173, 228, 232,
233, 234, 252,
253, 255, 256,
265, 269, 270,
276, 304, 328.
of a river line, _See River line defense_.
passive, 204, 248,
254, 347.
position fire, 255, 256, 257,
325, 331.
position in readiness in, 231, 308.
ranges, 250, 257, 262.
raw troops in, 204.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
reinforcing the firing line, 237, 238, 257,
327, 328.
reserves
aggressive use of, 236, 237,
238, 249.
assist in organization of position, 235, 255,
271, 272.
brigade, 235.
communications for, 230, 255.
cover for, 216, 231, 236,
237, 257, 265.
counter attack by, 231, 233, 235,
236, 237, 238,
257.
distance from firing line, 257.
division of, 211, 232, 257.
effect of intrenchments on strength of, 216, 254.
employment of, 211, 233, 235,
236, 249, 257,
259.
general, 219, 232, 233,
236, 254.
influence on course of action, 211, 289, 346.
local, 219, 254.
position fire by, _See Position fire_.
position of, 211, 212, 232,
235, 257, 259.
protection of flanks by, 211, 213, 232,
236, 257, 259.
security of line of retreat by, 235, 236,
249, 253.
strength, 217, 233,
275, 347.
second line of, 258.
signal troops in, _See Signal troops_.
splitting and mixing units, 217.
supports
battalion, 211, 219, 251,
255, 257, 269.
communications for, _See Fortification_, 256, 257,
260, 276.
cover for, 216, 231, 256,
257, 260, 262.
distance from firing line, 212, 257, 262,
324, 325, 327.
division of, 257.
formations in advance to firing line, 327, 328.
local, 211, 219, 233, 257.
position fire by, _See Position fire_.
strength of, 211, 217, 219,
233, 236, 269.
trenches for, _See Fortification_.
time that small forces can hold larger, 231, 232.

DEFENSIVE POSITION, _See Fortification_.
advantages of a single position, 74, 235, 310.
assignment of frontages to organizations, 232, 254,
255, 269.
blending works with terrain, 258, 260, 266.
clearing the front, 217, 233, 235,
246, 252, 256,
258, 269, 270,
272, 275, 276.
closed works in, 252.
communications, _See Communicating trenches_, 216, 255, 256,
257, 260, 262,
267, 270, 276.
as effecting number of troops required, 267.
concealment, 231, 233, 256,
257, 258, 260,
262, 275.
considerations prior to occupation of, 230.
continuity of trenches, 233, 251, 253,
254, 265.
effect on visibility, 265.
cross fire and mutual support, 233, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254,
258, 263, 268,
269, 276, 325,
331.
dagger batteries, 121, 234, 235.
dead spaces, _See Dead spaces_.
demolitions, _See Demolitions_.
development of frontal fire, 250, 254, 263.
echelon in refusal of flanks, 209, 260, 265.
examination of terrain from enemy’s point of view, 249, 250.
flanks, _See Patrols, combat_.
organization of, 259.
protection of, 212, 232, 234,
235, 236, 257,
259, 260.
refusal of, 209, 260, 265.
illumination of battlefield, 265, 304.
intervals in, 75, 231, 233,
251, 253.
lines of retreat, 220, 226,
230, 235.
masking the fire of a, 73, 75, 231,
234, 235, 251,
290, 299, 310.
measuring and marking ranges, 216, 217, 230,
233, 246, 252,
253, 256, 257,
258, 259, 262,
270, 271.
observing stations, 255, 256, 258,
271, 276.
obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
occupation of, 244.
offsets, re-entrants and salients, 231, 251, 260.
organization of, 248.
outposts of, 180, 259.
practical problems in, 267, 273.
ravines and hollows, treatment of, 252, 256,
258, 273.
regimental sectors, 255.
requirements of, 230, 232,
248, 257.
second line of defense, 237.
sectors, 232, 254, 255,
269, 274.
security to front during occupation, 213, 234, 259.
selection from map, 249.
small forces in, 232, 248.
supporting points.
details of organization, 249, 251, 252,
255, 268, 274.
in rear of main line, 237.
to be studied as terrain exercise, 19, 249, 267.
utilization of natural features of terrain, _See Terrain_.
when to be occupied, 231.
Defensive power of cavalry, 169.
of small forces, 231, 232.
Defilade, flash, 113, 133, 140.
mounted and dismounted, 113.
of reverse slopes, 135, 324, 325.
sight, 113.
Defiladed areas, _See Dead spaces_.
DEFILES
artillery fire on outlet, 128, 172, 300.
attack of cavalry at, 101, 103.
attack of convoy at, 101, 103.
defense of, 80, 128, 172,
173, 178, 180,
190, 307.
in pursuit, 301.
passage of, 63, 85,
229, 300.
by convoys, 108.
by patrols, 50.
by trains, 84, 376.
reconnaissance of, 50, 62,
102, 108, 190.
Deflection, deflection difference, 116.
DELAYING ACTION, _See Rear guard, Retreat, Withdrawal, etc._, 297.
advantages of single position, 74.
aggressive tactics in, 75, 204,
297, 299.
ambuscade, 299.
ammunition supply, 300.
artillery in, 71, 73, 74,
77, 128, 290,
300, 316.
by small forces, 231, 232.
cavalry in, 70, 71, 72,
73, 147, 153,
154, 155, 168,
233, 290, 293,
298.
concealment, 74.
danger of decisive engagement, 299.
demolitions, _See Demolitions_.
dummy trenches, 298.
engineers in, 57, 71, 316.
extension of front in, 73, 74, 219,
233, 251, 297,
298.
field fortification, _See Fortification_, 298.
fire superiority, 299.
flank guard in, 80.
flank positions in, 73, 290, 299.
line of retreat, 74, 297.
location of firing line, 298, 324.
long range fire in, 74, 230, 257,
297, 299, 300,
329.
machine guns in, 74, 300, 306.
obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
offensive tactics in, 75, 204,
297, 299.
outpost troops, 73, 313, 317.
passive defense in, 200, 204,
293, 297.
positions for, 57, 73, 74,
289, 297, 298,
316.
flank, 73, 290, 299.
in withdrawal, 289.
on line of a river, 300.
successive, 73, 77, 154,
292, 299.
procedure in, 73, 297.
rear guard in, 70, 73,
297, 316.
supports and reserves in, 211, 233, 297.
withdrawal from, 297, 298, 299.
DEMOLITIONS
by fire, 71, 252.
fire for, _See Artillery_.
of bridges, _See Bridges_.
of buildings, 252, 272, 273.
of materiel by artillery fire, 109, 114, 126,
133, 135, 138,
141.
of obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
outfits, cavalry, 71, 145.
outpost, 173, 193.
Demonstrations
against hostile flanks, 227.
in attack of a river line, 279, 282.
Density of firing line, _See Attack and Defense_.

Deploying positions in attack, _See Attack_.
Deployment, at long range, _See Attack_.
depth of, 208, 347.
in night attack, 303.
envelopment to be provided for in, 208, 345.
from two column formation, 78, 79, 339.
in rencontre, 296.
of a division, time required, 344.
place of, 346.
time for, 326.
Depot, advance supply, _See Advance supply depot_.
Depth of deployment, 208, 347.
of outposts, 179.
Description of localities in orders, 41, 223.
Destruction of hostile cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
Detached posts, 172, 174,
178, 193.
Detachments during combat, 91, 149, 155,
205, 225.
Detachments rejoin for combat, 91, 155, 156,
205, 225.
Detachment warfare, 47, 147.
Detail in orders, 25, 38, 39,
42, 47, 108,
142, 143, 145.
Detailed observation by air craft, 383, 386.
Development of aeroplanes, 382.
Development orders, 346.
Diagrammatic analysis of problems, 29.
Diagrams of division in column of route, 343.
Diamond corral, 102.
Direct fire, positions for, _See Artillery_.
Direct laying, 114, 126.
Discretionary powers
of artillery commander, 142, 143,
240, 266.
of cavalry commander, 145, 146, 174,
240, 241, 311,
338.
of engineer commander, 259.
of flank guard commander, 74, 82.
of rear guard commander, 74, 295.
of signal commander, 341.
Dismounted action, cavalry, 150.
DISPERSION, _See Attack, Defense, etc._
in delaying action, 251, 297, 298.
in river line attack, 278.
longitudinal, 115.
of cavalry force, 234.
of fire, how increased, 331.
of machine guns, 173, 255, 306.
DISTANCES
and intervals in outposts, 179.
at night, 60.
as affected by close country, _See Close country_.
at which outpost must hold enemy, 176.
advance guard, 60.
between main body and advance guard, 67, 88, 337.
estimation of, 305, 333.
in flank march, 86.
of advance supply depot in rear of troops, 364, 367, 370,
371, 372.
of flank guard, 79, 80.
of obstacles from firing line, 217, 259, 265.
of supports from firing line, 212, 257, 262,
324, 325, 327.
rear guard, 72.
required for protection from fire, 80, 176, 300,
346.
to which motor transport is effective, 387.
Distribution
in depth, 347.
individual and collective, _See Artillery_.
of fire, 331.
of orders, 40, 43, 44,
220, 228, 293,
350, 388.
of troops, advance guard, 64.
in camp, 173, 354.
Dividing responsibility with a subordinate, 42.
DIVISION
advance guard of, 337.
bridge trains with, 340, 361.
camp, 353.
cavalry, organization of, 10.
combat, 344.
commander, place of, 337.
depth of deployment, 348, 349.
dispositions in attack, 208.
in column of route, diagram of, 343.
march outposts, 341.
on the march, 337.
supply, 360.
tactics, 337.
influence of supply, 360.
time required for deployment, 344.
trains, _See Trains_.
Division of responsibility with subordinates, 42.
Division of reserves, _See Attack and Defense_.
Divisional cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
Double column, 29, 30, 31,
78, 79, 149.
artillery and trains in, 78, 91, 95,
339.
deployment from, 78, 79, 339.
Drainage, _See Camps_.
Drainage of trenches, 263.
Dressing stations, 222, 224,
312, 319.
location of, 224, 225, 263,
319, 320, 349.
time for establishment, 222, 228, 235,
319, 320, 349.
Dummy intrenchments, 126, 251, 263,
266, 298.
Dust raised by blast of discharge, 110.
Duties of artillery personnel, 129, 130, 131.
of personnel in fire engagements, 332.

E

Early start for marches, 86, 88, 341.
Echelons
in a defensive line, 251.
in advance to attack, 210.
movements of artillery in, 121, 125, 291.
of trenches on a flank, 209, 260, 265.
Economy in use of cavalry, 144, 168, 172.
Effect, fire for, _See Artillery fire_.
Elbow rests, 259.
Elevation, angle of, _See Artillery_.
Elongation, 17, 59, 90.
Enemy
assumption as to probable action of, 23.
contact with, _See Contact_.
first contact to be reported, 55.
indications of presence, 52, 54.
information of, 20, 52, 55,
148, 209, 211,
213, 220, 295,
296, 308, 311,
348, 356, 384.
location of flanks of, 209, 220, 226.
Enfilade and oblique fire, 209, 230, 236,
344, 345.
artillery, 120, 127, 226,
265, 328, 349.
effect on vulnerability, 212, 326, 327,
328.
machine gun, 235, 306.
ENGINEERS
as escort for artillery, 224, 291, 314.
as escort for trains, 84, 341.
demolitions by, _See Demolitions_.
discretionary powers of commander, 259.
in attack, 224, 228,
241, 347.
in night attack, 304.
in organization of a defensive position,
_See Fortification_, 216, 217, 228,
234, 235, 247,
258, 260, 272,
273, 276.
in position in readiness, 309, 314, 316.
in retreat, 57, 58, 71,
316.
in river line attack, 283.
mounted, with cavalry, 56, 145, 153,
167, 283.
mounted section, 57, 71.
on the march in division, 340.
on outpost, 173, 180.
splitting units of, 258.
train, 349, 355, 360,
361, 376.
with advance guard, 56, 57,
337, 340.
with convoy, 99.
with flank guard, 78.
Entanglements, wire, 217, 259,
261, 265.
Enveloping attack, _See Attack_.
Envelopment to be provided for in first deployment, 208, 345.
Equipage, bridge or ponton, _See Bridges_.
Escort
for artillery, 224.
for machine guns, 157, 161,
222, 306.
for prisoners, 104, 351.
for trains, 62, 78, 84, 86,
293, 317, 341,
376.
of a convoy, _See Convoys_.
Establishment of an outpost, 187, 191.
Estimate of situation, 18, 21, 22,
27, 44, 64,
65, 191, 192,
220, 225, 226,
297, 308.
time required for, 43.
Estimating distances, 305.
Evacuation of wounded, _See Ambulances, Sanitary troops,
Wounded, etc._
Examination of terrain, _See Reconnaissance_.
Examining posts, 182, 184.
EXAMPLES
of messages, _See Messages_.
of orders, _See Orders_.
Excavation, time required for, 261.
Exchange of information by patrols, 52.
Expenditure of ammunition in combat, 214.
Explosives, _See Demolitions_.
Extended intervals, _See Cavalry charge_.
Extension of front
in combat, _See Attack and Defense_.
in delaying action, _See Delaying action_.
in pursuit, 301.

F